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Smith-Shattuck Bookbinding

Thesis binding styles.

Library Standard Binding (Buckram) The least expensive book we offer is the library standard binding. This is machine oversewn, with a black buckram cloth cover binding of acid-free construction. Your last name and date of degree are gold stamped on the spine. This is the binding style that graduate students need in order to meet the requirements for a Doctorate at Princeton University. It is also attractive enough for presentation to advisors or undergraduate thesis submissions.

Books up to ½-inch thick are made with a square (unrounded) spine. We round and back the spine for sizes above ½ an inch.

View an assortment of doctoral thesis library standard bookbinding here .

Buckram Roundback Binding The buckram roundback binding includes all the features of our library binding process. In addition, we gold foil stamp the book’s title and your full name on the front cover along with a separator line between the title and name. On the spine we will put your last name and date of degree, along with decorative double lines at the top and bottom of the spine. Our stamping design can be varied to meet the requirements of your school. Stamping colors available include gold, silver, copper, white, black, red and blue.

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Quality Bindery Services, Inc.

Call (716) 883-5185

Print Industry Finishing Services | Bookbinding, Bible & Book Repair, Thesis Binding | Mailing 

Do you need your thesis bound, thesis & dissertation binding.

Trust your thesis binding to QBS, a company that reveres education, and the work you have achieved! Our pricing is reasonable. We know you’ve just spent a bundle on your education! We have been helping graduate students preserve their thesis work for years. It’s simple. Whether you want a soft cover or a hard cover -- both are available. We follow the instructions of the school you attend. We use all types of materials, including cloth, paper and leather. If your school no longer requires you to print and bind your dissertation . . . have it bound beautifully for yourself!

Download our Thesis Binding Information Flyer.

Hard Cover Value Pricing Our value pricing for hard cover thesis binding is $55 per book.

Includes hard cover, we use imitation leather

Choose from many colors, including black, navy, medium blue, brown, green and burgundy

With gold or silver foil stamping on spine and front cover

Soft Cover Value Pricing Our value pricing for soft cover thesis binding is $40 per book.

Includes soft cover, we supply the cover stock

Choose black or white cover

Printing Services

QBS also provides printing services on a variety of paper stocks. The prices are as follows:

25% cotton with watermark:        $.45 b/w  $.60 for color

24# bond copy paper:                $.30 b/w  $.40 color

100% cotton with watermark:      $.55 b/w  $.75 for color

Turn around is usually 3 weeks.

If you need your theses sooner, rush charges may apply depending on our schedule:

5 to 10 days: an additional $20 per book

4 days or less: an additional $50 per book

"My bound dissertation books arrived today, and you did an amazing job. It looks excellent. I am so thrilled and happy. I will definitely use your services again (going back to school) and I have forwarded information to my other college cohorts. Thank you so much."  B.

Step 1: Fill Out the Order Form Download our PDF Thesis Order Form Important: If you have difficulty filling out our order form via the PDF, please print the PDF form and fill it out. Scan and email to [email protected] or fax it to (716) 883-1598. Step 2: Upload Your Files Upload your files to our secure WeTransfer FTP (file transfer protocol) site.

https://qualitybindery.wetransfer.com/ Step 3: We Email Your Price Confirmation Step 4: PayPal Payment

Send payment directly from your PayPal account using our PayPal email address: [email protected] Step 5: Delivery Options

Click here for hours and directions

Quality Bindery Services Inc.

501 Amherst St. Buffalo, NY 14027

We ship per your instructions on your order form.

For more information call (888) 883-1266 toll-free or (716) 883-5185. We are here to congratulate you and to help you with this next exciting step in your career!

Order Form & How to Order

Here is an example of one of Quality Bindery Services' great Buffalo, New York customers -- D'Youville College.

D'Youville graduates, c lick the below image to download your college's order form. Others use the form in Step 1. 

Does your educational institution no longer require printed and bound theses?  They just put it online.

We think all of the work you completed to get your doctorate degree deserves a place on your bookshelf. It serves as part of your life legacy and can be handed down to your family's future generations.

BOUND THESIS TODAY!

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Thesis Binding

Thesis Book Binding or Dissertation Book Binding is the conversion of your thesis or dissertation document into a printed and bound book format. Getting this done correctly involves several considerations that includes the Submission of your document for printing and binding, your choice of Paper, and the Style of binding you want.

SUBMITTING YOUR THESIS OR DISSERTATION FOR BINDING:

The first consideration for Thesis Book Binding or Dissertation Book Binding is whether you want your thesis or dissertation printed and bound for official submission or for your personal use, such as gifts to professors, departments, libraries, parents, sponsors, or you just want copies to preserve for future generations.

If you are officially submitting your Thesis Book Binding or Dissertation Book Binding books to your

institution, you must follow their official guidelines for paper, margins, and type of binding. Every institution has

guidelines and your can ask your department or your graduate studies department for the guidelines. The quote/

ordering process for each of our 3 main types of binding is designed to accommodate all the options that most

schools require.

Binding Options Our 3 main binding options are:

• Fabric Hardcover Binding with Gold Embossed Lettering and Emblem on the cover https://phdbookbinding.com/fabric-hard-cover/
• Printed Hardcover Binding with wraparound full color printing on the cover https://phdbookbinding.com/printed-hard-cover/
• Perfect Binding Softcover with wraparound full color printing on the cover https://phdbookbinding.com/perfect-binding/

But if you’re getting the books for personal use, then you have the option to choose the type of paper, binding and margin size that you prefer. Here again, our quote/order process contains all the options you might want.

Digital or Paper Submission

The second consideration is whether you want to submit a file or paper document(s) for publishing your Thesis or Dissertation. You have the option to place your order with a PDF file or with a paper document. Submitting a PDF file ( https://phdbookbinding.com/digital-printing/#2 ) of your Thesis or Dissertation allows you to do the following online, sit back and forget about it, and receive your books in the mail:

• Specify the size of your book
• Choose the type of paper you want for printing ( https://phdbookbinding.com/digital-printing/#9 )
•  Specify the pages you want to print in color. ( https://phdbookbinding.com/faq/#9 ) Yes, we allow you to specify the pages you want to print in color and you’ll be charged the color rate ONLY for the pages you specify,NOT for all the pages in your document.
• Specify the exact lettering you want on the cover ( https://phdbookbinding.com/gold-foil-emblem-and-lettering/ )
•  Specify the exact lettering you want on the spine ( https://phdbookbinding.com/gold-foil-emblem-and-lettering/ )
• Specify your school emblem for the cover or request a custom emblem ( https://phdbookbinding.com/gold-foil-emblem-and-lettering/#SealList )
• Choose the shipping speed you want for getting back the completed book(s)

Digital Submission

The option for submitting a PDF file for printing and binding is available for all the binding styles that we offer, including:

• Fabric Hardcover Binding with Gold Embossed Lettering and Decoration on the cover https://phdbookbinding.com/fabric-hard-cover/
•  Printed Hardcover Binding with wraparound full color printing on the cover https://phdbookbinding.com/printed-hard-cover/

Submitting a Paper document of your Thesis or Dissertation requires you to

(1) Print your document on the paper of your choice

(2) Fill out the Quote/Order form on this site for the type of Hardcover binding you want

(3) Specify the exact lettering you want on the cover

(4) Specify the exact lettering you want on the spine

(5) Choose the shipping speed you want for getting back the completed book(s)

(6) Print a form on our site that will include the details you entered PLUS final instructions for mailing your

paper document to us

(7) Ship to us your paper document(s) with instructions on form you will print from our site.

The option for submitting a paper document for binding ONLY is available ONLY for Hardcover binding.

Fabric Hardcover Binding with Gold Embossed Lettering and Decoration on the cover

https://phdbookbinding.com/fabric-hard-cover/

Printed Hardcover Binding with wraparound full color printing on the cover

https://phdbookbinding.com/printed-hard-cover/

Paper document submission is not available for Softcover Perfect Binding.

PAPER CHOICE

The second consideration for Thesis Book Binding or Dissertation Book Binding is choosing the type of paper that you want. We offer 5 types of paper as listed below and as explained here in greater detail ( https://phdbookbinding.com/digital-printing/ )

20lb regular or standard Copy Paper. This paper is ACID-FREE and is white in color. It does not have  a watermark. Acid Free paper is made from wood pulp, and it resists yellowing and brittleness over very long periods (measured in centuries). The production of Acid Free paper is also more environmentally friendly than acidic paper.

60lb regular or standard Copy Paper (also known as 24lb Copy Paper)*. This paper is ACID-FREE and is white in color. It does not have a watermark. Acid Free paper is made from wood pulp, and it resists yellowing and brittleness over very long periods (measured in centuries). The production of Acid Free paper is also more environmentally friendly than acidic paper. (See below for why this paper has 2 different names)

20lb, 25% Cotton Paper. This white paper is ACID-FREE and ARCHIVAL. It has a WATERMARK which is visible only when you shine a bright light behind the sheet. Archival paper has all the benefits of Acid-Free paper, except that it resists yellowing and brittleness even longer than ordinary Acid-Free paper. Another difference is that Cotton Paper is made with cotton pulp.

24lb, 100% Cotton Paper . This white paper is ACID-FREE and ARCHIVAL. It has a WATERMARK which is visible only when you shine a bright light behind the sheet. Archival paper has all the benefits of Acid-Free paper, except that it resists yellowing and brittleness even longer than ordinary Acid-Free paper. Another difference isthat Cotton Paper is made with cotton pulp. PLEASE NOTE that A4 (European Letter size) is NOT available in 100% cotton.

80lb Gloss-Coated Paper. This paper is ACID-FREE and is white in color. It does not have a watermark. But unlike regular copy paper, it is also coated with a gloss finish that makes it perfect for printing photos, charts & graphs, and more.

80lb Matte-Coated Paper. This paper is ACID-FREE and is white in color. It does not have a watermark. But unlike regular copy paper, it is also coated with a matte (non-gloss coating) finish that makes it perfect for printing photos, charts & graphs, and more.

BINDING STYLE

The binding style you choose depends first on whether you’re submitting officially to your institution or for personal use. We offer 3 types of binding Fabric Hardcover Binding with Gold Lettering and Gold Emblem ( https://phdbookbinding.com/fabric-hard-cover/ )

Most institutions require Fabric Hardcover Binding with gold lettering or gold emblem for official submission. You can also choose this type of binding for your own personal copies and as gifts because it is binding of the highest quality that is impressive in look and feel. Fabric Hardcover binding is high quality, archival binding that’s fit for the most demanding public or private library. Fabric options include:

• Classic Buckram fabric that is available in different colors,
• Contemporary Levant finish fabric also available in different colors
• Cowhide available in 3 colors

Lettering and emblem are applied to Fabric Hardcover binding with gold embossing

Printed Hardcover Binding ( https://phdbookbinding.com/printed-hard-cover/ )

Institutions may also allow Printed Hardcover Binding for Thesis and Dissertations. Printed Hardcover Binding allows:

• Background color of your choice
• Lettering color of your choice
• Full color emblem
• Image and text on back cover, or
• Wraparound full-color cover design

Printed Hardcover Binding can be compared to Fabric Hardcover Binding on this page: https://phdbookbinding.com/comparison/

Perfect Binding (Softcover, Paperback binding) ( https://phdbookbinding.com/perfect-binding/ )

Perfect Binding is Softcover, Paperback binding that allows all the options available for Printed Hardcover binding

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The final steps of your thesis: Finding the right printing and binding services and choosing the right style for you

One of the best things is the feeling you get when you’ve finished writing your thesis. After months of research and writing, at long last, your paper, thesis, or dissertation is finally done. What’s left to do is the printing and binding of your thesis. But still, you need to find out the best printing and binding services and choose a style that makes you proud of the final result of your work. 

There are a few things to consider when choosing how to print and bind your thesis or dissertation: the quality of the paper, the material, and color of the binding. A few other details can be customized, such as the ribbons and corner protectors. To help you decide, we have selected a few options from our partner, BachelorPrint.

Our pick: Premium Leather book binding

• Page limit: 10 – 370 pages
• Color options: Red, green, blue, black
• Textured, leather-look surface
• Ribbon bookmark in white, silver, gold, blue or black
• Corner protectors in black, gold, and silver
• Customized embossing in gold, silver, and black

BachelorPrint  is your go-to expert when it comes to printing and binding your thesis. The online market leader offers a wide range of bindings and will transform your thesis into a work of art. 

The  ultimate : with their free express shipping they guarantee that your thesis will be in your hands within a few days!

Leather book binding: a thesis to look like a book

• Appearance: textured matte (premium bookbinding) or marbled leather-look with a slightly glossy finish (standard bookbinding)

You’ve made it! You’ve finished writing your thesis. Now all that’s left is printing and binding and knocking your examiner’s socks off! That’s why we recommend leather bookbinding . 

A leather book has the best quality for  printing and binding your thesis . Your thesis will look like a classy book. 

Choosing this type of binding will make your thesis stand out from the rest and leave a lasting impression on your examiner. Combine that with additional options such as customized embossing, corner protectors, and a ribbon bookmark, and after that process your thesis you’ll have a one-of-a-kind, sophisticated-looking book.

There are two options available with this leather book: Premium leather book and standard leather book. Whereas the premium leather book has a matte finish, a standard leather book has a glossy finish. However, both are done in leather-look and consist of a solid and sturdy cover. 

Which leather book you choose for your  thesis binding is a matter of personal preference.

Upgrade your binding

Deciding on a leather book when printing and binding your thesis gives you the option to upgrade it to your tastes and create a one-of-a-kind binding. Here are the upgrade options:

Corners protectors:

Adds a touch of class

Prevents the corners from binding

Available in silver, black & gold

Ribbon Bookmark:

Enhance your book’s appearance

Can be used as a bookmark (your examiner will be grateful!)

Available in white, black, blue, silver & gold

Customized embossing:

E.g.: University logo and title of your dissertation on the cover

Embossed spine optional

Available in black, silver & gold

You can use BachelorPrint preview tool see how your dream binding would look like:

Thermal binding: a clean and classic style

• Page limit: 2 – 450 pages
• Color options: black, red, green, yellow, blue, white, gray
• Appearance: transparent front cover, colored, leather-look back cover

Of all the different types of binding,  thermal binding  is a classic. One of the features is the transparent front cover: it shows off the title page of your dissertation as well as the title of your thesis. This means that attention is immediately drawn to the topic of your dissertation.

Softcover: A thesis for artists

• Page limit: 20 – 150 pages
• Color options: customizable to suit your needs
• Appearance: satin matte, smooth appearance; design and print your cover to your liking (magazine look)
• Cover: 300 g/m² premium paper

Looking to make an impact with your thesis? In that case, the softcover is just for you! You have free reign and can decide what you want your cover to look like: Logos, colors, photos, or different fonts – you’re the one who decides what goes on the cover of your softcover. That is why this type is ideal for more creative fields of study. 

Note: Designing a one-of-a-kind binding that looks super original is tempting, but remember to keep it aligned with your field of studies and professional looking.

Spiral binding: A sleek solution for your thesis

• Page limit: 1 – 300 pages
• Color options for cardboard back cover: black, red, green, gray, blue, yellow or white
• Appearance: Leather-look cardboard back cover, transparent front cover
• Spiral options: Metal or plastic

Of all the different types of binding, spiral binding is the sleekest and simplest type  BachelorPrint  has to offer. It has a transparent front cover. This allows the examiner to see the topic of your Master’s thesis or dissertation right away. However, spiral binding is better for printing shorter dissertations. 

Some professors will require that you use  spiral binding  for printing your thesis. If your post-secondary institution has no guidelines regarding printing and binding, then you should make sure that the “packaging” of your thesis matches the contents: If you are looking into printing and binding your Master’s thesis, we definitely recommend the leather book over spiral binding. 

Overview of thesis bindings

Tips from printing experts.

It’s one thing to know what thesis binding to choose when printing your thesis. But there are lots of helpful and important tips that you should consider when it comes to printing. We sat down with BachelorPrint to put together some exclusive advice just for you:

Tip #1- Choosing the right paper:  Most printing services use 80 g/m² paper by default. However, 80 g/m² paper is relatively thin and as a result, the print on the reverse side will shine through if you are printing double-sided. 

Tip:  Remember that printing and binding your thesis is not something you do every day – be sure to use high-quality paper and select 100 g/m² paper – if printing double-sided, we actually recommend 120 g/m² paper. BachelorPrint automatically uses 100 g/m² paper.

Tip #2- Printing single-sided or double-sided:  It’s totally up to you whether you print your thesis single-sided or double-sided. Make sure you check the examiner’s guidelines first – if there are none, the choice is yours! 

Tip:  When printing double-sided, make sure your page numbers are formatted correctly. Uneven page numbers should always be on the right-hand page, and even page numbers should be on the left-hand page.

Tip #3- Printing in color:  It’s up to you whether you print in color or black and white. This depends on your thesis. If your dissertation has lots of charts and photos, color printing would look better. 

Tip:  Color printing gives your thesis a classier appearance. But take note! Too much color and your thesis will look less professional.

Tip #4- Number of copies:  You can assume that two members of the examination board will read your thesis. Furthermore, the person or organization you did your internship with might also like a copy of your thesis. Last but not least, you would probably also like to own a copy of your dissertation, Master’s thesis, or  research paper . 

Tip:  Find out beforehand, how many copies you’ll need. We generally recommend making 4 to 5 copies. Of course, the type of binding is up to you.

Tip #5- Cost:  The cost of printing and binding your thesis is based on various factors: Paperweight, color printing, and actual printing. Many service providers often add a surcharge when you opt for color printing or thicker paper.

Tip:  BachelorPrint printing expert automatically uses 100 g/m² paper, and does not even add a surcharge. The same applies for color printing: whether you choose black/white or color, BachelorPrint charges the same.

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Dissertation Binding and Printing Options | Comparison and Tips

Published on 3 April 2019 by Raimo Streefkerk . Revised on 10 July 2019.

Your dissertation is finally finished, you got it proofread and checked for plagiarism . The final step is printing your dissertation, which means choosing between:

• Types of binding
• Colour vs. black & white

Single vs. double sided

• Paper type and thickness

You also need to decide which printing and binding service to use. This independent article explains all options and helps you make the right decisions.

Overview of printing services

Table of contents

Types of dissertation binding, dissertation printing options, production and delivery times, last checks before printing, overview of printing and binding services.

Aside from keeping the pages of your dissertation together, the binding is also responsible for your supervisor’s first impression of your dissertation. There are various types of binding, ranging from the cheaper spiral binding to the more expensive hardcover book binding .

The type of binding should depend on:

• Guidelines from your university or professor
• Your dissertation’s version (draft vs. final)
• Type of dissertation (PhD vs. undergraduate dissertation)

Spiral binding (± £7)

• Professional appearance
• Browsing through the pages is easy (can be opened flat)
• Fairly cheap

Comb binding (± £5)

• Enables easy browsing of the pages
• Binding can be opened and closed (not easily)
• Has a cheap appearance

Fastback binding (± £8)

• Professional book-like appearance
• Available in different colours
• Risk of pages falling out after a while

Paperback binding (£10-20)

• Durable and professional
• Book-like appearance
• Opening and browsing is less smooth than with spiral or comb binding

Hardback binding (£20-40)

• Customizable cover
• Quality comes at a price

Colour vs. Black & White

Unless specifically stated in your university guidelines, it is up to you to decide whether to print your dissertation in colour or black & white. Printing in colour is on average two to four times more expensive.

In general, a colour-printed dissertation looks more professional, but it is not required. Does your dissertation contain graphs or figures that rely on colour? Be sure to print at least these pages in colour.

Printing double sided is often cheaper than printing single sided due to the paper savings – it makes your dissertation half as thick. However, some universities require you to print your dissertation single sided. Be sure to check the guidelines.

When printing your dissertation double sided, pay attention to the following points:

• New chapters should start on the right side. You will need to take this into account and insert “blank pages” when preparing your dissertation.
• Add a blank page after the title page so that the acknowledgements or abstract are not printed on the back of your title page.
• The page numbering is often placed bottom right on the right side of the page and bottom left on the left side. You can easily set this in Word by choosing “outside alignment”.

Paper weight

The thickness of the paper (measured in gsm or grams) is something most students don’t think about, but it does have a significant impact on the look and feel of your dissertation.

Standard printing paper has a weight of 75-90 gsm. For a bachelor’s or master’s dissertation this is fine. If you want the paper to look and feel more professional and durable, a paper weight of 100-130 gsm is better. This is often used for PhD dissertations.

Number of copies

It is common to print three to five copies of your dissertation. Depending on your university’s guidelines you might need to submit one to three copies to your supervisor. In addition, you might want to have a copy for yourself or your family.

The production (printing and binding) takes on average two days, and delivery takes another day. For an additional charge (ranging from +20 to +80%), the production and delivery time can be shortened.

Have a looming deadline? Your local printing shop is probably able to print and bind your dissertation faster, and it eliminates delivery time. However, keep in mind that this is often a little more expensive.

Before sending your dissertation to a printing shop, there are three things you should do:

1. Save your dissertation as a PDF By saving your file as a PDF, the formatting will be consistent on every computer. This way you prevent any unpleasant surprises such as offsets when receiving your printed dissertation.

2. Check for language mistakes There’s nothing worse than finding a language mistake in your printed version. Make sure to proofread your dissertation or make use of a professional dissertation proofreading service .

3. Update the contents page Before saving your dissertation as a PDF, update the (automatic) table of contents. Don’t forget to cross-check the page numbers listed in the table of contents with the actual page number.

The table below provides an overview of the most popular dissertation printing and binding shops, both online and offline. The shops are ordered by price, with information on delivery costs and review score.

*Prices are based on a spiral bound dissertation of 40 pages , printed single-sided , in black , on 80-90gsm  paper, including a clear outer front and back cover .

**Prices are based on a hardback bound dissertation of 200 pages , printed single-sided , in black , on 90-100gsm  paper.

Cite this Scribbr article

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Streefkerk, R. (2019, July 10). Dissertation Binding and Printing Options | Comparison and Tips. Scribbr. Retrieved 31 May 2024, from https://www.scribbr.co.uk/thesis-dissertation/binding-printing/

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Printing & Binding a Thesis: The Ultimate How-to Guide

You have studied hard to make it this far. All the hard work towards researching and writing your Bachelor’s thesis, research paper or a different final paper is ending. You have completed your write-up and are ready to submit it to your supervisor. However, one important thing remains – Thesis printing and binding (or thesis binding/thesis printing).

You are probably wondering, “how do I print and bind my thesis? What is the best method and material to use? Where can I find the best service provider to print and bind my thesis?”

Almost every student asks these questions. Finding answers to these questions should no longer stress you out. We compiled resourceful tips that can help you navigate this stage successfully. Read on to gain insightful ideas that you can utilize when working on your thesis or any other research paper.

How do I go about printing and binding my thesis?

If this is your first time printing your research paper, it can be challenging to identify the best method and material to use. In this blog, you will find all the necessary information you need to make an informed decision.

What do I have to watch out for when printing my thesis?

When starting, you will likely ask yourself these questions: • Should the printout be coloured or black and white? • What is the best paper size, quality and brand? • Should the printout be single or double-sided? • How do I find the service provider offering the best services at affordable rates? You no longer have to worry about all that since we have put together all the information you need to answer the above questions.

What do I have to watch out for when binding a thesis?

The first thing you should consider is the guidelines given for your thesis or research paper. If your supervisor or institution has issued specific instructions, it is wise you adhere. Adhering to guidelines for content and structure contributes to your final mark.

If there are no instructions on how to bind your thesis, you can opt for different methods depending on your preferences and stage. For example, you can spiral-bind your regular term paper since it is cheaper and doesn’t have many pages. On the other hand, you may opt for leather binding for your major final paper since it has more pages and the leather is sturdier.

Which binding is the right one for my final paper?

There are several options available, and the choice often depends on your personal preference, institutional requirements, and budget. Here are some options for your final paper:

Leather binding for your thesis

Leather binding is an elegant method where the cover of your thesis is made from leather. This technique has been used for centuries and is highly regarded for its durability, aesthetic appeal, and luxurious feel. You can request the service provider to add corner protectors or decorations to endpapers and headbands for additional aesthetic appeal and structural support.

Recommendations: Leather binding is an excellent option for your; • Master thesis • Bachelor’s thesis • Dissertation • Research paper

Thermal binding for your thesis

This method uses heat to adhere pages together. The front cover is usually transparent, making your thesis title visible at a glance. You can choose different material designs and colours for the back cover.

Recommendation: It is fast, easy to use, and can bind relatively thick documents. It also creates a clean and polished look, making it an ideal final paper.

Softcover for your thesis

Choose a softcover if you want your thesis to look unique and stand out among your peers. Softcover allows you to design the cover with different pictures, writings, logos, or patterns. Simply put, you can design it the way you want. However, do not clutter it with irrelevant stuff since it’s your final paper and should appear professional.

Recommendation: Softcover binding is versatile since you can use it for different types of final papers. It is also cost-effective and allows for easy printing on the spine, making it simple to include the paper’s title, author, and other information. However, the softcover may not be durable, especially where the paper is stacked and retrieved many times. Additionally, it cannot contain many pages, such as those of a comprehensive dissertation.

Spiral binding for your thesis

This method is used to secure multiple pages of a document together. A continuous plastic or metal coil is threaded through small holes punched along the edge of the pages. The coil is then twisted into a tight spiral shape, effectively holding the pages together. Spiral binding utilizes a transparent front cover and a hard back cover.

Recommendation: It is suitable for small projects like term papers.

Where can I go for printing & binding a thesis?

There are several options available for research paper printing and binding, depending on your location. Some common places where you can get your thesis printed and bound include your school print services, local print shops, or order online.

Numerous online platforms specialize in printing. One of the best online prints is BachelorPrint . They offer online services where you can upload your thesis, select printout options, and have the final product delivered to your doorstep through their free express shipping.

How you benefit: • Your document is printed on a high-quality paper at an affordable price • A complete preview of your bound document before shipping • Free express shipping to your location • Your document is delivered on time and in perfect condition

Printing and binding a thesis – making sure nothing goes wrong!

We know that writing and printing your thesis is a serious investment of time, energy, and money. That’s why we have compiled relevant and insightful information that you need to print and bind your Bachelor’s thesis, term paper, or research paper.

We understand that you have the liberty to choose where to print your thesis. However, if you need a tried and tested online service provider, visit BachelorPrint. Their online platform is user-friendly, fast and effective. Once you get in touch with them, you are assured of a stress-free experience.

We wish you success as you finalize your thesis!

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Thesis binding and printing options

• By DiscoverPhDs
• November 29, 2020

If you have recently completed your dissertation congratulations are in order! But the work is not finished – you now have to get your dissertation in front of examiners in a professional format. There are a number of factors to consider when producing a physical copy of your thesis :

• Type of binding (for example: helical or softback)
• Paper size (are some pages better suited for A3?)
• Print options (single or double-sided?)
• Paper quality (a range of gsm options are available)

What is Thesis/Dissertation Binding?

Thesis binding involves fastening the physical pages of your dissertation together to produce a single presentable document. As simple as it sounds, there is a lot to get right, and dissertation binding is important in giving a good impression of your work.

What are the different types of dissertation binding?

Spiral/helical/wired binding.

Spiral binding (also known as helical binding) and wired binding are very common for bachelors and masters dissertations. These options give a professional look and allow pages to be rotated 360 degrees, making for easy reading. Spiral binding uses a plastic coil, whilst wire binding uses a metal wire.

Fastback/softback binding

Fastback binding (also referred to as softback binding) uses glue to keep your dissertation pages together. This is not a very common choice for dissertation binding as it is rather formal for bachelors and masters, and perhaps not formal enough for PhD theses. Fastback binding also comes with a risk of glue losing fixity over time leading to pages falling out.

Thermal binding

Thermal binding is not very common but can be used for bachelors or masters dissertations. This type of binding is permanent (so pages cannot be easily added/removed) but is generally inexpensive. Another disadvantage of thermal bindings is that pages cannot be opened 360 degrees (as with fastback binding).

Plastic comb binding

Comb binding involves punching holes down the side of the page and binding with a plastic comb strip. This binding option is also suitable for bachelors and masters dissertations. It is a cheap option but can sometimes become difficult to navigate as pages become stuck on the plastic combing. One advantage of plastic comb binding is that it is easy to add and remove pages.

Paperback binding

Paperback binding will give your manuscript the appearance of a book and comes with personalisation options i.e. a titled cover page, spine and back. This gives a very professional appearance, too formal for a bachelors or masters dissertation, but ideal for a PhD thesis.

Hardback binding

Hardback binding again gives a book like appearance, but is expensive and typically reserved only for PhD theses. In addition to custom titling, spine and back, there is a range of material and colour options for hardback binding e.g. the gold lettering you may have seen on academic books.

What Paper Size Should I use?

Most universities will provide very clear instruction on paper sizes, most often A4. However, some pages such as technical drawings or maps may be best shown on A3. In these cases ‘fold out’ pages are an option but must be approved by your university guidelines.

Print Options:

Check your university guidelines when deciding whether to print single or double sided. If printing double sided, be careful as some pages should not be printed back to back. For example, new chapters should start on the right hand page (of a double spread) so blank pages may be required.

What Paper Quality is Suitable?

Paper thickness is measured in grams per square metre (gsm). Although there is no ideal paper thickness, too thin and you risk your dissertation feeling low quality. Too high and you risk your dissertation pages feeling like cardboard, and again pointing to low quality.

Popular UK Services:

Ryman is an affordable thesis binding service, with a range of options for dissertations and theses. Ryman often have stored on University campuses or nearby, so you can check the services provided by your local store (as an alternative to ordering online).

Doxdirect is an online service which offers a large amount of customisation when choosing a thesis binding option. The door to door service also offers a wide range of delivery and production options so you get your bound thesis in your hand as quick as possible.

Thesis Online has been around for a long time (established in 1920), and have a very good reputation. They offer an online thesis binding service and have a hand online calculator which allows you to modify your binding, printing, and deliver options and see the impact on cost in real-time.

Things to Note:

Whichever service you use to bind your thesis or dissertation, there are a few important things to remember:

When using an online service check the turnaround time. Most services take around a week to print, bind, and deliver, though faster services are available at a cost. Some universities have an onsite printing service that students can use. These services likely offer binding options which satisfy your department’s dissertation submission requirements.

An electronic copy and physical copy of your dissertation will be read differently. Whilst consecutive pages are easy to compare on a computer screen, a physical copy may have pages printed on opposite sides of a single page (if double page printed) which makes side by side comparisons difficult. This is something to consider if your text frequently refers to images or tables overleaf.

Most thesis printing services only accept PDF file formats. Ensure that when you convert your dissertation to PDF that you review the document to ensure no errors occur during conversion.

Check your university dissertation guidance on margin requirements. It is also important to factor in margins when considering binding options. Typically a minimum margin of 2.5cm is required on the side of the page to be bound.

Although it comes with an additional cost, it may be useful to purchase personal copies of your bound thesis. You can then bring your bound copy to your Viva , and ensure that what you and your examiners are looking at are identical.

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Thesis & Dissertation Printing

Book1one will give your thesis or dissertation the professional look it deserves..

If you are looking for a world class company to print and bind your thesis or dissertation, you will find that Book1One will give your document the high quality attention it requires and deserves. Graduate students from all over the country have used our services, and we are listed at many colleges and universities as a reliable resource for hardcover and softcover thesis and dissertation book printing. 

We understand that theses and dissertations comprise a special category in the book publishing world. They represent the culmination of a large body of work and achievement at a very high academic level – and are recognized symbols of professional accomplishment.

Cloth and Faux Leather Color Choices:

NOTE: Colors may not display accurately due to differences in monitor settings

Why choose Book1One to print your thesis or dissertation?

• We offer a number of cover options.  At Book1One, you can select from three cover options for hardcover books: a full-color printed cover, a cloth cover with foil stamping, or a faux (imitation) leather cover with foil stamping. The cloth and faux leather book coverings come in four different colors: black, navy blue, dark red, and green. The color choices are shown in the right side on this webpage. Foil stamping, printed on the front cover and spine, can be either a gold or silver color. Softcover theses and dissertations come with a full color printed cover.
• We have no minimum quantity requirements.  In most instances, the number of printed copies needed for a thesis or dissertation are low. The size of thesis/dissertation orders we receive vary from a high of around ten to a low of one copy. We can print as many or as few copies of your thesis or dissertation at an affordable price and with the same amount of attention we give to larger book orders.

We can offer you a special service regarding foil stamping.

If your foil stamping involves basic text and numbers, such as book title, author’s name, school and date, Book1One can assemble your cover for you at no additional cost to use. If you wish us to provide this service to you, when you place your order, upload a PDF file indicating what you would like printed on your front cover and spine and approximate positioning. We will fit and center the type using the Time New Roman font. For more on foil stamping click  here .

Get an instant price quote without having to call or email!

Book1One is one of very few book manufacturers who has a website price calculator that will enable you to obtain an accurate price quote without having to place a phone call or submit an email. It’s fast, easy, and our customers love it!

Simply insert the specifications of your book project and, with one click, see what the price of your project will be.

Placing your order is as easy as 1-2-3!

If you have completed the design and layout of your thesis or dissertation and are ready to upload your print ready PDF file(s) to us and place your order, simply click on the red “Place Order” button located at the top of your screen. You will then be taken through the simple three step process of (1) creating your personal account, (2) uploading your cover and page files and (3) completing the checkout procedure.

• How Our Process Works
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OUR GUARANTEE

Our guarantee to you is that we will give your project our utmost personal attention to ensure that, when finished, your books meet the highest quality production standards.

Remember, at Book1One:

• We work with easy-to-use PDF files, and our online ordering process is a snap.
• We have no minimum order requirements – even for hardcover books.
• We have no set up fees. Your only expense is the cost to print, bind & ship your books.
• Our turnaround times are fast – five business days for softcover and plastic coil bound; 10 business days for hardcover books. And rush production is available.
• You’ll receive personal “hands-on” service. We’ll answer your emails quickly, and if you call us, you’ll get a real person.

HEAR WHAT OUR CUSTOMERS HAVE TO STAY

I just received my book order of an early 1900's scrapbook replica you printed for me - and it is perfect! I can't wait to show it to my client and display it at a networking show next month. Many thanks for a great job.

Wendy McSweeney Powhatan, VA

It has been a pleasure working with you on my photo book project. Many of my colleagues have complimented the book's photo colors and quality.

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You did a wonderful job with our book project. Everything was done exactly the way we had envisioned it.

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We received our books today, and they look fabulous! You do quite a professional job. We will certainly keep you in mind for any future projects.

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Wow! You all did an amazing job printing our proposal books. Thank you so much for your most efficient and beautiful work. We'll definitely be doing this again.

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My book looks amazing! This is the first time I have used your services, and I could not be happier. Thank you for exceeding my expectations in every way.

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I received my cookbooks today and wanted you to know how much I appreciate the wonderful printing and binding job you did. You have helped put together a 'treasured keepsake' for our family.

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I received my books today, and all I can say is OMG! They are so much more than I expected. Thank you for providing such a wonderful service and product.

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Book1One has been an amazing resource for launching my publishing business. I couldn't have done it without their timely service and high-quality results. Thanks for helping memorylanejane.com publish some amazing Life Story Books!

Lauren Befus Founder, Memory Lane Jane

I am a designer who has ordered several low-volume books for my clients from Book1One over the last few years and have been extremely pleased with the quality as well as the customer service. I have created both hard cover and soft cover books, and the website has useful templates for formatting the book layout so everything comes together seamlessly. I also love the instant quote generator on the website, it helps to see how the different options impact the pricing without having to go back and forth with an estimator or sales rep. I will definitely keep using Book1One!

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Thesis & Dissertation Binding Specialists UK

Thesis and dissertation, printing and binding specialists uk.

DB Bookbinders is the UK’s premier provider of thesis binding services.

With decades of experience in the industry, we specialise in crafting professional-grade thesis and dissertation bindings for universities and colleges across the UK.

Our expert binder team can create stunning and durable bindings that you can be proud to submit. Plus, our online thesis uploading platform is simple and straightforward, so you can get your order ready and shipped to you quickly.

We offer a wide range of binding styles to choose from, including buckram , vegan leather , and genuine leather , so you can find the perfect binding for your thesis or dissertation .

Thesis Binding UK: Your Premier Destination for Superior Thesis Presentation!

Greetings, UK students and researchers! After devoting countless hours and boundless effort into your expertly written thesis or dissertation, the last aspect you’d want to fuss over is its binding. Say goodbye to those worries! At dbbookbinders.com, we’ve got you covered with our exceptional UK thesis binding service.

Your Thesis Deserves The Best

Your inventive ideas warrant a binding that’s as distinctive as your research. That’s why we are dedicated to offering first-rate thesis binding that reflects the quality of your work. Be it a UK thesis or a dissertation, we approach each document with the care it merits. Who knows, maybe someday it’ll find a place in the esteemed British Library!

We Understand Your Needs

We’ve experienced it all. The all-night study marathons, limitless cups of tea, and the race against the clock to meet that looming deadline. We absolutely get it, and we’re here to make your life a bit smoother. Our adept team alleviates the stress of binding, giving you one less thing to worry about as you prepare to display your intellectual prowess.

We’ve Got You Covered, Literally!

Our binding options cater to all needs and budgets. Whether you’re seeking a traditional hardcover for your UK thesis or a sleek, modern design for your dissertation, we’ve got a variety of options sure to make a profound impression on your professors and peers.

Easy Ordering and Fast Turnaround

With our easy-to-use online ordering system, getting your thesis or dissertation bound has never been more straightforward. And because we understand that time is paramount, we’re committed to delivering your order promptly, without compromising on quality.

DB Bookbinders a Proven Track Record

Don’t just take our word for it. Ask around! We’ve been in this industry for decades, and our reputation vouches for our credibility. We’ve assisted innumerable students like you in presenting their theses and dissertations with elegance, and we’re eager to do the same for you.

So, UK scholars, it’s time to give your hard work the presentation it deserves. With dbbookbinders.com by your side, you can stride into your future confidently, knowing that your thesis or dissertation is bound for greatness!

Remember, your UK thesis binding or dissertation binding journey starts here. Explore our options, place your order, and join the ranks of successful scholars who’ve entrusted us with their pivotal work.

Specialising in crafting professional-grade thesis and dissertation bindings for universities and colleges across the United Kingdom, we bring decades of experience to the table. Our expert binder team can create stunning and durable bindings that you can be proud to submit. Plus, our online thesis uploading platform is simple and user-friendly, enabling you to get your order ready and shipped to you swiftly.

We offer a wide range of binding styles, including buckram, vegan leather, and genuine leather, so you can find the ideal binding for your thesis or dissertation.

Don’t delay – get started now and create a binding that will leave a lasting impression. At DBBookbinders, we’re binding the future, one thesis at a time.

Thesis Order Form 2023

Buckram Thesis sh.1004

Buckram thesis sh.16.

Buckram Thesis sh.144

Buckram Thesis sh.70

Bible Restoration & Repairs (Quotation)

Buckram Thesis sh.68

Buckram Thesis sh.214

Excellent work and great service. Highly recommended!

Beautifully finished!

Amazing finished product. Great service along the way and very professional. Highly recommended!!

DB Bookbinders did a great job printing and binding my thesis. There was an issue with the ordering form's file upload but easily solved via email. Thank you!

Dissertation Printing and Binding

Thesis and dissertation faq's still have questions we have answers.

There’s a lot to weigh up! We’ve put together a couple of handy guides to help you know what to look for when you’re getting your thesis, dissertation or design folio bound.

Thankfully, we’ve written a handy guide to knowing what to know before you go to a bookbinder. Have a read of ‘Five Things You Need to Know’ by clicking the button below.

Get your bound Thesis delivered to the following UK Universities

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DB Bookbinders delivers thesis binding and printing services across all major areas of the United Kingdom

• Oxfordshire
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Ph.D. Printing & Binding

✓ 24h online printing service

✓ Live preview of your binding

✓ 3D look inside function

Express delivery:

configure now

Inhaltsverzeichnis

• 1 Why Choose BachelorPrint
• 2 Our Bindings
• 3 Comparison Of Bindings
• 4 100% Real Reviews

Why Choose BachelorPrint

FREE express delivery

Load your PhD thesis into our online shop, choose your binding and send your order. You will receive your perfect PhD binding with free express delivery.

INNOVATIVE look inside function

Check your Phd thesis a final time online with the look inside function. Thanks to it, you can browse through your pages before printing and binding.

Online 3D configuration

Configure the perfect binding for your PhD with our 3D configurator. Every change in your settings is shown in the live preview + price calculation and estimated date of delivery.

Our Bindings

We, at BachelorPrint, offer you numerous types of bindings. Nevertheless, it is imperative to ensure that the work is properly and professionally bound, especially if it’s a significant paper. If you have your Ph.D. thesis bound, we strongly recommend thermal binding. It’s our most popular binding among students. This is due to the exceptional relationship between money and quality.

Tip: The way your work is bound should show how much it means to you. The better the binding, the better it will be. However, do make sure whether your university has special requirements for the submission before ordering your work!

Leather Book Bindings

Premium Leather Binding

Refinements, standard leather binding, excellence at its finest.

Configure Now

Thermal Binding

Spiral binding, metal spiral binding, plastic spiral binding.

Advantages Of An Online Printing Service

Order from the comfort of your own home

You can print and bind your Ph.D. thesis from home easily and quickly. There’s no more searching for a copy or print shop, no more annoying trips through the city, no more waiting in long lines. Just set up your desired binding and get your Ph.D. thesis the next day with our free express delivery.

Numerous possibilities & all in one place

At BachelorPrint, you can choose from countless high-quality types of bindings. Additionally, you can customize them with many options and features. For instance, we offer ribbon markers, book corners, or individual embossing. In the end, you decide how your Ph.D. thesis should look.

If you are uncertain about the final appearance of your binding, this is no issue for us. With the help of our live preview and the look inside function, you can peruse through your Ph.D. thesis and verify its fitment.

Ordered today, delivered tomorrow!

Fast delivery anywhere you want!

Comparison Of Bindings

We’ve had over 100,000 satisfied customers since 2016

The customer is king! This is why we strive to fulfill all of your wishes and value your opinion. You can check out our Google reviews or even our Instagram channel to look at our previous customers who have all left satisfied.

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You Still Have Questions?

Simply contact our customer service team or check out the FAQs below

How long does Ph.D. binding take?

When you decide on Ph.D. binding with BachelorPrint, we recommend you to order in the online print shop before the countdown above runs out if you want your Ph.D. thesis to be produced on the same day. With the free express delivery, you get your binding within 24–72 hours (depending on your location).

Need additional information? Head over to the online print shop for an exact delivery day calculation.

What does Ph.D. printing cost?

The most important factor for most students when Ph.D. printing is the price. The price includes factors such as the type of binding and the number of pages when printing and binding your Ph.D. thesis. You can get an idea of the costs with the help of the following contribution:

For example, if you want to print a 20-page Ph.D. thesis with premium leather binding and additional embossing, the calculated price would be $64.80. This is 45% less compared to other market prices! Plus: with BachelorPrint, you get a free express delivery!

At BachelorPrint, we use 100 g/m² premium paper as standard for printing and the same price per page for color and black/white printing.

You can calculate the exact price for printing and binding your Ph.D. thesis here: Print shop

Why should I do my Ph.D. binding online?

BachelorPrint as an online printing service offers you several advantages:

• Production of your Ph.D. thesis within one day. Order before the countdown above has run out, and we deliver the next day (depending on your location)
• Free delivery
• No minimum order value
• 3D live preview in the BachelorPrint print shop
• Individual embossing with university logo
• Free “type of work” embossing (e.g., bachelor’s thesis, master’s thesis, dissertation)
• High-quality bindings
• Free 100 g/m² premium branded paper

Which binding is recommended for a Ph.D. thesis?

For important work, such as the Ph.D., we recommend high-quality, elegant bindings. For this reason, the premium leather binding is our recommendation. The leather binding not only looks chic and high quality, but it is also a real eye-catcher. You’ll make a great first impression with the leather binding.

Where can I order the Ph.D. binding for my thesis?

For your Ph.D. binding, you can either go to a copy shop or simply order your Ph.D. thesis from an online print shop . Both have their advantages and disadvantages.

The advantages of the online print shop are: You can conveniently place your order from home, configure your binding, and see the end product in our 3D live preview. Then simply order and get your Ph.D. binding with free express delivery!

How can I save money when printing a Ph.D. thesis?

BachelorPrint offers the best value for money. Additionally, we present you with no delivery costs and a free embossing position (type of work position).

Do you want to save extra money? Check our page for free printing !

Which paper for printing and binding a Ph.D. thesis?

For important academic works such as the Ph.D., 80 g/m² paper or 100 g/m² paper is often used. At BachelorPrint, we use 100 g/m² paper as a standard, as it is not only more robust but also feels better when you leaf through it. However, if you want to print and bind your Ph.D. thesis double-sided, we recommend you even use 120 g/m² paper to ensure that the text does not show through.

If you want to know more about choosing the right paper for your Ph.D. thesis, follow this link to our article: Which paper for thesis printing & binding?

Do you have further questions about the printing and binding of your Ph.D.? Contact us: [email protected] 724 281 3937 Free 24h Customer Service  

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Thesis Print & Bind

We can print your thesis from a supplied PDF onto 100gsm, acid-free, archive quality paper. If you wish to print your thesis yourself, please print on paper no thicker than 120gsm.

We offer hard cover binding with a wide range of colours to choose from , with your choice of lettering on spine only or spine and cover. We also offer soft cover binding with plastic spiral, clear cover and card back. Please allow a minimum of 7 working days for hard cover binding and 3 days for soft cover binding. Should you require an express service (for an additional fee), please contact our office during business hours.

To place an order, please complete the form below .

Thesis Binding Order Form

• Prepare your thesis for printing * - Avoid placing the page number to the left hand corner of the page as it would be near the spine and may be cut off while binding. - For double-sided printing, please place the page number to page centre. If you place the page numbers in the bottom right hand corner of each page and printed double sided, left hand pages will have page numbers near the spine or may be cut off. - You do not have to make the left-side border bigger to factor-in binding. Standard margins (minimum 20mm) on all sides will be sufficient and required. I agree to bind the thesis as supplied by me and all the binding information provided by me are correct.
• How many "pages" does your thesis include? * 1 - 50 pages (single sided) 1 - 100 pages (double sided) 51 - 100 pages (single sided) 101 - 200 pages (double sided) 101 - 200 pages (single sided) 201 - 400 pages (double sided) Over 200 pages (single sided) Over 400 pages (double sided) For a 180-page thesis printed double-sided (will have 90 sheets of paper) - select "101-200 pages(double sided)" because you have 180 pages. For the same when printed single-sided - select "101-200 pages(single sided)".

Binding Type

• Hard cover with Lettering on Cover only ($87 each)
• Spiral binding with clear cover, card back and no lettering ($5.50 each)
• Hard cover with Lettering on Spine and Cover ($100 each)
• Hard cover with Lettering on Spine only ($87 each)
• Thesis with Lettering on Spine and Cover Quantity * Price each: $ 100.00 Quantity
• Thesis with Lettering on Cover only Quantity * Price each: $ 87.00 Quantity
• Thesis with Lettering on Spine only Quantity * Price each: $ 87.00 Quantity
• Thesis with Spiral Binding Quantity * Price each: $ 5.50 Quantity Clear cover, card back and no lettering on cover

Hard cover options

• Colour * View colour samples here Black Leather Cloth Blue Leather Cloth Green Leather Cloth Maroon Leather Cloth Black Dark Blue Royal Blue Sea Blue Light Blue Special Dark Green Dark Green Light Green Lime Dark Brown Mid Brown Mud Mustard Fawn Law Buckram Cream Yellow Orange Special Maroon Maroon Purple Red Charcoal Grey White
• Bookmark Ribbon colour - For example, if you choose "Green (Hunter) - 6mm": Green will be the colour, (Hunter) is for our internal reference, 6mm will be the approximate width of the ribbon. Yellow (Gold) - 6mm Black - 6mm Blue (Light Navy) - 6mm Green (Hunter) - 6mm Red - 7mm Maroon (Wine) - 6mm
• Lettering on Cover (include name, year if required) * PLEASE NOTE: We will not be able to add lettering to the spine as the spine is not thick enough. - Please write your thesis title and your name. Include year if required. - Lettering will be aligned to the center and printed in ALL CAPS as shown in the above sample photos, with scientific terms underlined. Italics not available.
• Lettering on Spine (include name if required) * - Provide your thesis title and your name if required. This cannot be over 67 characters including spaces, which is calculated based on your selection for "How many pages does your thesis include?" - Printed in ALL CAPS as shown in the above sample photos, with scientific terms underlined. Italics not available.
• Lettering on Spine (include name if required) * - Provide your thesis title and your name if required. This cannot be over 134 characters including spaces, which is calculated based on your selection for "How many pages does your thesis include?" - Printed in ALL CAPS as shown in the above sample photos, with scientific terms underlined. Italics not available.
• Lettering on Spine (include name if required) * - Provide your thesis title and your name. - Printed in ALL CAPS as shown in the above sample photos, with scientific terms underlined. Italics not available.
• Lettering on Cover * - Please write your thesis title and your name. - Include year if required. - Lettering on Cover will be aligned to the center and printed in ALL CAPS as shown in the above sample photos, with scientific terms underlined. Italics not available.
• Binding subtotal $ 0.00
• Do you need us to print your thesis? * No, I will provide the printed copies Yes
• Upload file * We prefer to print from PDF files to ensure layout and formatting is correct. Drop files here or Select files Max. file size: 128 MB. empty to support CSS :empty selector. -->
• How many pages in colour? Quantity * Anything that is in colour in a page, including hyperlinks, is counted as a colour page. Price each: $ 0.66 Quantity
• How many pages in Black & White? Quantity * If you supply colour pages and nominate black and white printing, colour elements will print grey. Price each: $ 0.11 Quantity
• Print subtotal $ 0.00

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Recursive Tight-Binding Green’s Function Method: Application to Ballistic and Dissipative Transport in Semiconductor Nanostructures

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• Fernando Sols 5  

Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((NSSB,volume 342))

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The purpose of this chapter is to present a specific numerical application of Green’s functions in tight-binding structures. The numerical technique is conventionally called the recursive Green’s function method. It was first introduced by ( 1981 ) to study electron transport in disordered systems and, since then, it has been widely used by many authors as a practical tool to simulate quantum transport in a variety of structures. The Green’s function must be defined in a tight-binding structure, which means that the space must be discretized in sites that represent either real atoms with strongly localized orbitals, or fictitious sites that fill the space with a sufficiently high density. The use of tight-binding Green’s functions (TBGF’s) has some practical advantages. For example, hard-wall boundary conditions are simply simulated by the absence of sites. Impurities are conveniently included by introducing sites with unequal diagonal energy. In particular, diagonal disorder may be introduced by making the site energy a random variable. It is also useful for describing transport in geometries with hard-wall boundaries defined by straight segments and right angles (or angles whose tangent is the ratio of low integers). Among its possible shortcomings, we may mention that the recursive TBGF method is not particularly suited to study transport in structures defined by geometrical parameters one may want to vary continously, such as the angle between two wires or the length of a given segment. For this type of purposes, a wave-function matching method ( Schult et al., 1989 ) may be more advantageous [see, for example, ( 1990 ) for a study of electron transport through a circular bend linking two leads with an arbitrary angle]. Within a recursive TBGF scheme, these difficulties can be overcome in principle by introducing a sufficiently dense grid, but the computational cost may easily become prohibitive.

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Sols, F. (1995). Recursive Tight-Binding Green’s Function Method: Application to Ballistic and Dissipative Transport in Semiconductor Nanostructures. In: Ferry, D.K., Grubin, H.L., Jacoboni, C., Jauho, AP. (eds) Quantum Transport in Ultrasmall Devices. NATO ASI Series, vol 342. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1967-6_16

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Analyzing the emergence of covid variant kp.2 and its potential impact.

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Mutating virus variant and cell mutation variants as a health risk concept and new coronavirus ... [+] outbreak or covid-19 viral cells mutations and influenza background as a 3D render.

It is clear that SARS-CoV-2, the agent of the Covid-19 epidemic, is here to stay. Like influenza, an easily transmissible respiratory virus, SARS-CoV-2 mutates to evade the immune system of those who have been previously vaccinated, infected, or both. The question remains: how dangerous is each new version of SARS-CoV-2? Again, like the Flu, if you have been previously vaccinated, infected, or both, new variants are not so dangerous, but if you have not, emerging versions of SARS-CoV-2 could be life-threatening for those vulnerable.

As Summer approaches, another series of new strains is on the horizon. While these are derived from the original Omicron and share many similarities, they are sufficiently different to spark a new wave of Covid-19 cases.

One new variant, KP.2, could lead the surge during the upcoming summer. This recently identified variant is mainly spreading in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom, with rising levels in Singapore, New Zealand, and Australia. As of now, there have been 1,816 reported cases of KP.2 in the GISAID SARS-CoV-2 database, indicating that potentially thousands, if not tens of thousands, of individuals, have already been infected with this variant, as sequencing efforts have been significantly limited in recent years.

KP.2 belongs to a group recently characterized as the FLiRT variants. This name is derived from the technical designations of two critical mutations in their spike proteins: the F456L mutation and the R346T mutation.

The FLiRT grouping is a subset of variants on the Omicron tree, which has primarily fueled SARS-CoV-2 infections over the previous two years. KP.2 is structured similarly to previous major Omicron variants, including BA.2.86, JN.1, and XBB.1.5.

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The variability of Omicron is extensive. As with Influenza for many years, the past is prologue with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Over time, new variants emerge containing unique mutations, not only in the spike protein, but throughout the whole of the virus genome. Below is a diagram demonstrating the web of Omicron variants that have emerged over the past several months. KP.2 and its FLiRT variant grouping are found in the top right corner, shaded in light green.

FIGURE 1: Diagram depicting the evolutionary nature of SARS-CoV-2, as demonstrated by the ... [+] proliferation of Omicron variants. KP.2 and family are found in the top right corner.

As JN.1 is the most recent dominant variant, we will compare it to KP.2 throughout this article to demonstrate how KP.2 may differentiate itself from previous variants and indicate why it may ignite a new rise in cases this summer.

FIGURE 2: Gradual increase of KP.2 replacing JN.1 as the dominant variant in the United States.

Let's start with the spike protein. SARS-CoV-2 needs to attach to human cells using the ACE2 receptor, merge its membrane with the host cell membrane, and ultimately gain access to start the infection and reproduction within human cells. Importantly, this protein is the main focus for vaccines, antibodies, and antiviral treatments against Covid-19.

As with JN.1, many spike protein mutations in KP.2 are also present in earlier variants of concern, including E484K and N501Y. These variants, known as the Alpha and Beta variants of SARS-CoV-2, were first detected in early 2021.

In fact, there are only three spike protein differences between KP.2 and JN.1. Two of these are the namesake of KP.2’s FLiRT grouping.

A single mutational variation exists in the N-terminal region, which is involved in virus entry after infection. In KP.2, R346T is present, which could enhance the efficiency of viral entry and enable antibody evasion by introducing N-glycosylation sites.

In the receptor-binding domain, just one change from JN.1 could significantly impact F456L, which may enhance ACE2 binding affinity or decrease antibody binding efficiency.

Finally, V1104L has been added to the S2 subunit of the spike protein, which may improve the efficiency of the fusion of the viral envelope with the host cell membrane, allowing the viral genome to enter the cell.

FIGURE 3: Spike protein mutational profile of KP.2 compared to JN.1.

I'd like to highlight mutations occurring outside of the spike region, which could significantly impact the virus's ability to cause disease and spread. In various parts of the genetic material, there is a wide range of mutations in the Orf1ab replication-transcription complex (NSP1-16), some in the structural proteins (E, M, and N), and a few in the accessory proteins (Orf3a-8). We are drawing attention to these mutations because changes in specific proteins, especially the N protein, can considerably affect virus replication.

Below is the entire catalog of mutations found throughout the virus.

FIGURE 4: KP.2 nonspike mutation.

There is only one nonspike mutational difference from JN.1 in KP.2. It lies in the Orf1a collection, which contains 11 proteins involved in a number of replication processes. This mutation is NSP3 T1465I.

Non-structural protein three is one of the most complicated proteins in the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Among its many functions are proteolytic activity, formation of replication-transcription complexes, antagonizing host immune response, regulating viral translation, and inducing cell death. T1465I could improve any of these functions, though it is difficult to pinpoint which or to what extent.

I have noted the extensively mutated N protein. Mutations at R203K and G204R have been present in most virus variants during the pandemic and are likely to enhance the rate of viral replication. Although these mutations are identical to those in JN.1, the N protein continues to play a crucial role in the virus's pathogenicity.

The changes in the mutations, both within and outside of the spike protein, have multiple reasons: The first reason is to adjust for increased infectivity; the second is to evade neutralizing antibodies; the third is to adapt for more effective post-infection development, which includes replication supported by mutations in the N protein; and the fourth is to avoid recognition by T cells.

Furthermore, it is worth mentioning that this virus, along with most sequenced variants throughout the Covid-19 epidemic, shares three mutations with the first departing variant from the original Wuhan virus. These are D614G in the spike, P323L in NSP12, and the C241U synonymous mutation in the 5’ end of the virus.

In fact, there are numerous synonymous mutations scattered throughout KP.2, but gathering data on these mutations is much more complex than collecting data on amino acid mutations.

The synonymous mutations do not change the virus's amino acid sequence, but they do influence the tertiary structure of its RNA. Research indicates this can contribute to the virus's adaptation to the human host environment. These mutations also impact the abundance of viral proteins and the immune responses in the infected individual.

It remains to be seen whether KP.2 will cause a new wave of Covid cases akin to Alpha or Omicron in years past. Further, current data cannot confirm whether this variant is more pathogenic or viral than JN.1, particularly for those previously infected or vaccinated. For those who have not been infected or vaccinated, infection with KP.2 could be very serious, and they should exercise caution.

It is crucial to be aware of these threats before they become widespread, not after. As we enter the summer months, another wave of cases could likely occur, and KP.2 is an avenue for that.

To read more of my work, please visit www.williamhaseltine.com .

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