about crime in english essay

Essay on Crime

Students are often asked to write an essay on Crime in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Crime

Understanding crime.

Crime refers to acts that violate the law. They are considered harmful and punishable by a governing authority. Crimes can range from theft to murder.

Types of Crimes

There are various types of crimes. Violent crimes include actions like assault, while theft falls under property crimes. White-collar crimes involve fraud or embezzlement.

Consequences of Crime

Crimes have severe consequences. They can lead to imprisonment, fines, or even death penalties. Moreover, they harm communities and individuals, causing fear and damage.

Preventing Crime

Preventing crime involves law enforcement, education, and community programs. Everyone can contribute to a safer society by obeying laws and reporting suspicious activities.

Also check:

• Paragraph on Crime
• Speech on Crime

250 Words Essay on Crime

Introduction.

Crime, a pervasive aspect of society, is an act that violates a law and is punishable by the state. It disruptively breaches societal norms, creating a sense of insecurity and fear. This essay delves into the nature of crime, its causes, and the role of law enforcement.

The Nature of Crime

Crime is a complex phenomenon, varying across cultures and societies. It ranges from minor offences like theft to severe ones like homicide. The nature of crime reflects societal values, as what is considered criminal is determined by the prevailing legal and moral code.

Causes of Crime

The causes of crime are multifaceted, involving biological, psychological, and sociological factors. Biological theories suggest genetic predispositions towards criminal behaviour. Psychological theories focus on the individual’s mental processes and their interaction with the environment. Sociological theories, on the other hand, emphasize societal structures and inequalities as major crime contributors.

Law Enforcement and Crime

Law enforcement agencies play a crucial role in maintaining order, preventing crime, and ensuring justice. They function as a deterrent, keeping potential criminals in check. However, their effectiveness is contingent upon their ability to adapt to evolving criminal tactics.

In conclusion, crime is a societal issue with deep roots in individual and social structures. Understanding its nature and causes is key to formulating effective strategies for prevention and control. As society evolves, so too must our approach to understanding and combating crime.

500 Words Essay on Crime

Crime, a social and legal concept, has been a part of human society since its inception. It refers to the actions that violate the norms and laws of a society, leading to harm or potential harm to individuals or the community. The study of crime, its causes, effects, and prevention, is a crucial aspect of sociology, psychology, and criminology.

Crime is a complex phenomenon, varying across societies and times. It is not static but evolves with societal norms and legal frameworks. What may be considered a crime in one society may not be in another, and similarly, what was a crime in the past might not be so today. For instance, homosexuality was once criminalized in many societies, but it is now widely accepted and decriminalized.

Types of Crime

Crimes are generally categorized into personal crimes, property crimes, inchoate crimes, statutory crimes, and financial crimes. Personal crimes involve direct harm or threat to an individual, such as assault or robbery. Property crimes involve interfering with another person’s property, like burglary or theft. Inchoate crimes are those that were started but not completed, while statutory crimes are violations of specific statutes. Financial crimes, such as fraud or embezzlement, involve the illegal conversion of property ownership.

The causes of crime are multifaceted, often interwoven with societal, psychological, and economic factors. Poverty, lack of education, substance abuse, and family violence are some common societal factors leading to crime. Psychological factors include personality disorders, low self-control, and aggression. Economic factors, such as unemployment or income inequality, also contribute significantly to crime rates.

Effects of Crime

Crime affects society in numerous ways, from creating fear and insecurity to damaging social cohesion. It impacts the economy by diverting resources towards law enforcement and away from other sectors. On an individual level, crime can lead to physical harm, psychological trauma, and financial loss.

Crime prevention strategies are as diverse as the causes of crime. They include social strategies, such as improving education and employment opportunities, and legal strategies, such as effective law enforcement and fair judicial systems. Psychological interventions, like counseling and therapy, can also play a significant role in crime prevention.

Understanding crime is essential to creating a safe and harmonious society. By examining its nature, types, causes, effects, and prevention, we can develop effective strategies to reduce crime rates and mitigate its impact on individuals and communities. It is a collective responsibility that requires the concerted efforts of individuals, communities, and governments.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

• Essay on Crime Against Women
• Essay on How to Reduce Unemployment
• Essay on Conclusion for Unemployment

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Crime Essays

by Ali (Iran)

Why has the number of police officers declined?

In some countries the number of police officers in active service is decreasing. Why is this happening and how could it affect society? The storage of police officers has been bothering some counties, this might have negative effects on the society as a whole. In my opinion there could be several factors which discourage the youth from joining the forces. Cops are essential to maintain peace and safety of the country but in the recent time few nations have been facing a shortage of police and this may be due to the rigged system some country operates on , a system which is controlled and governed by the strong and powerful leaving the protectors of the nations without any choice but to follow order or drop out of the service, it is quite evident that more than a few have opted for the later option. Another reason behind this social issues could be the selfish mindset that the new age people may hold, not wanting to work for and towards the betterment of the society and state as the patriotism in their hearts may be decreasing. Few people may also drop out due to the long and rigour process of achieving a rank and not much salary and choose to opt for a more lucrative career choice. For example, my cousin who works as head constable in the police department for the past 7 years, does not make enough to support his family and has decided to opt out of the department and go for a different career choice as a clerk. All these issues have a negative effect on the public which includes people feeling unsafe , increase in crime rates, increase in the corruption of society and could cause an imbalance in the society , people may also hold prejudice against the whole police community due to this, ruining the relationship between the protector and protectee . to conclude, the lack of officer would become a serious problem in the coming future but at the same time the government should fund the department more than now since at the end of the day , being a police officer is too a career and should be able to support the worker for the better.

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101 Crime Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

Inside This Article

Crime is a prevalent issue in society and has been a topic of interest for many researchers, scholars, and students alike. Writing an essay on crime can be a thought-provoking and engaging task, allowing you to explore various aspects of criminal behavior, law enforcement, and the criminal justice system. To help you get started, here are 101 crime essay topic ideas and examples:

• The impact of social media on crime rates.
• Exploring the rise of cybercrime in the digital age.
• The relationship between poverty and crime.
• Analyzing the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs in reducing recidivism.
• The role of mental illness in criminal behavior.
• Examining the influence of media on public perception of crime.
• The effectiveness of community policing in crime prevention.
• The reasons behind the gender disparity in crime rates.
• The role of genetics in criminal behavior.
• The impact of drugs and substance abuse on crime rates.
• Exploring the connection between domestic violence and crime.
• The effectiveness of the death penalty in deterring crime.
• Analyzing the impact of racial profiling on crime rates.
• The psychological factors that contribute to criminal behavior.
• The relationship between unemployment and crime rates.
• The effectiveness of gun control policies in reducing crime.
• The role of technology in solving and preventing crimes.
• Analyzing the impact of organized crime on society.
• The reasons behind juvenile delinquency and how to address it.
• The relationship between education and crime rates.
• The impact of hate crimes on marginalized communities.
• Exploring the concept of white-collar crime and its consequences.
• The role of criminal profiling in solving crimes.
• The impact of the war on drugs on crime rates.
• Analyzing the connection between poverty and drug-related crimes.
• The role of restorative justice in the criminal justice system.
• The reasons behind the high incarceration rates in the United States.
• Examining the concept of vigilantism and its ethical implications.
• The impact of crime on tourism and local economies.
• The role of the media in shaping public perception of crime.
• Analyzing the causes and consequences of hate crimes.
• The relationship between mental health and criminal behavior.
• The effectiveness of community-based corrections programs.
• Exploring the impact of DNA evidence on solving crimes.
• The reasons behind the phenomenon of serial killers.
• The role of socioeconomic factors in shaping criminal behavior.
• The impact of criminal records on employment opportunities.
• Analyzing the causes of gang violence and potential solutions.
• The relationship between poverty and property crime rates.
• The effectiveness of surveillance technologies in preventing crime.
• The reasons behind the high rates of recidivism among ex-convicts.
• The impact of mandatory minimum sentences on the criminal justice system.
• The role of forensic science in solving crimes.
• Analyzing the causes and consequences of police brutality.
• The relationship between substance abuse and violent crimes.
• The effectiveness of community-based crime prevention programs.
• Exploring the concept of restorative justice and its application.
• The reasons behind the high rates of drug-related crimes in urban areas.
• The impact of human trafficking on global crime rates.
• The role of criminal justice policies in reducing crime rates.
• Analyzing the connection between poverty and juvenile delinquency.
• The effectiveness of rehabilitation versus punishment in the criminal justice system.
• The reasons behind the rise of terrorism in the modern world.
• The impact of drug legalization on crime rates.
• The role of forensic psychology in solving crimes.
• Exploring the causes and consequences of hate speech crimes.
• The relationship between addiction and criminal behavior.
• The effectiveness of drug treatment programs in reducing crime rates.
• The reasons behind the high rates of domestic violence.
• The impact of police discretion on the criminal justice system.
• Analyzing the connection between child abuse and future criminal behavior.
• The role of the media in perpetuating stereotypes about crime.
• The reasons behind the high rates of sexual assault on college campuses.
• The effectiveness of community outreach programs in preventing crime.
• The impact of race and ethnicity on sentencing disparities.
• The relationship between poverty and violent crime rates.
• The role of forensic anthropology in solving crimes.
• Exploring the causes and consequences of human rights violations.
• The reasons behind the high rates of identity theft in the digital era.
• The impact of mandatory drug testing on reducing workplace crime.
• The effectiveness of drug courts in addressing drug-related crimes.
• The role of environmental factors in shaping criminal behavior.
• Analyzing the connection between child neglect and future criminal behavior.
• The reasons behind the high rates of gun violence in the United States.
• The impact of community surveillance programs on crime prevention.
• The relationship between mental health treatment and recidivism rates.
• The role of forensic entomology in solving crimes.
• Exploring the causes and consequences of human smuggling.
• The reasons behind the high rates of cyberbullying and online harassment.
• The impact of restorative justice practices on reducing prison overcrowding.
• The effectiveness of drug education programs in preventing substance abuse.
• The role of social inequality in contributing to criminal behavior.
• Analyzing the connection between child exploitation and future criminal behavior.
• The reasons behind the high rates of hate crimes against LGBTQ+ individuals.
• The impact of community-oriented policing on crime rates.
• The relationship between mental health stigma and access to treatment for offenders.
• The role of forensic odontology in solving crimes.
• Exploring the causes and consequences of human organ trafficking.
• The reasons behind the high rates of cyberstalking and online harassment.
• The impact of restorative justice on the reintegration of ex-convicts into society.
• The effectiveness of education in preventing drug-related crimes.
• The role of social disorganization theory in understanding crime rates.
• Analyzing the connection between child maltreatment and future criminal behavior.
• The reasons behind the high rates of hate crimes against religious minorities.
• The impact of community-based rehabilitation programs on reducing recidivism.
• The relationship between mental health treatment and diversion programs.
• The role of forensic toxicology in solving crimes.
• Exploring the causes and consequences of human trafficking for labor exploitation.
• The reasons behind the high rates of online fraud and identity theft.
• The impact of alternative sentencing programs on reducing prison populations.
• The effectiveness of harm reduction strategies in addressing drug-related crimes.

These crime essay topic ideas provide a broad range of subjects to explore and analyze. Choose a topic that aligns with your interests and research the subject thoroughly to develop a well-informed and compelling essay. Remember to support your arguments with evidence, statistics, and relevant examples to strengthen your essay and provide a comprehensive understanding of the chosen crime topic.

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Home Essay Samples

Essay Samples on Crime

Even if you are not majoring in Criminology, Law, or Forensic studies, dealing with the subject of crime can be inevitable. It’s always helpful if you can start your writing through the lens of legislation. It will help your readers understand more about the crime. See our free crime essay examples that will address numerous issues and disciplines. For example, some assignments below also focus on a cultural part of the crime like wearing a hoodie and dealing with racial prejudice. You will find several historical crime topics included to help you cover a wider range of things. If you would like to address similar topics, these free samples will help you choose a subject. You can use these as a template for your writing. These are also helpful as you learn how to structure essays on crime. See how each introduction tends to provide a brief explanation before resulting in a thesis statement. If you are working with a case study or court hearings, you can seek similar case studies to help yourself compare things. You must choose your topic first and then look through our free samples on crime to see how things have been approached in practice.

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Sample Essay on Rising Crime Rates

Posted by David S. Wills | Nov 21, 2022 | Model Essays | 0

There are many common IELTS topics that you frequently see in task 2 of the writing test, and one of those is the topic of crime. Today, we are going to look at a sample essay relating to this subject and I’ll point out some useful ideas in terms of vocabulary and structure.

Analysing the Question

Before you start any IELTS essay, you should spend a moment thinking about the question. This is important because sometimes they can be trickier than they initially appear.

Here’s our question for today:

In many countries, the level of crime is increasing and crimes are becoming more violent. Why do you think this is and what can be done about it?

Fortunately, this is not a difficult question. The meaning is pretty straightforward and I think most people could grasp what they need to do. Ultimately, you need to do two things:

• Say why crime is increasing in frequency and level of violence
• Suggest some solutions to this problem

This is what’s known as either a “ cause and solution essay ” or “problem and solution essay.” Either way, you have two parts – either a cause or a problem and then a solution to that problem.

It is important you don’t focus only on one part. Also, in this particular question, don’t overlook the fact that it’s about both rising crime levels and rising violence levels.

Generating Ideas

This isn’t the easiest question to answer. Actually, it took me a while to think of some good ideas for it because, to the best of my knowledge, crime (and especially violent crime) has actually been decreasing in recent decades! Look at this line graph:

Of course, that’s just for Western Europe, and in some parts of the world the opposite trend can be observed. Here, we can see that some places have, sadly, seen a rise in homicides (that means the same as murder):

Considering the question, I had to think creatively. In those places that I don’t really know about, what factors could have caused rising crime levels and in particular rising violent crime rates?

To answer questions like this, it’s not enough just to be good at English. You need to have a good general knowledge and that means you should read widely, listen to podcasts, watch the news, and become an informed world citizen.

I have a whole article on learning to generate great ideas for IELTS essays.

Structuring your Essay

When it comes to cause and solution essays, I typically structure them like this:

There may be other great ways to structure your essay, but this is my preference. It allows me to write sample answers quickly and effectively, putting forth my position as clearly as possible in a very short time.

Think about it: You have two things to write, so why not put one in each of your body paragraphs? Simple!

I will structure this essay as follows:

In this sort of essay, it can be hard to write an introduction and in particular an essay outline . That’s because you aren’t putting forth any opinion and instead you’re hinting at the ideas that you will explain later.

I want to make clear in my essay that this is not an easy situation to explain and that it will also be hard to fix! Don’t worry. You can be honest. It’s better to give a nuanced explanation than to simply say, “We need the government to solve it.” That is simplistic and lacks intelligence.

Finally, remember to include a conclusion that summarises your ideas without repeating them.

Vocabulary about Crime

I have a whole article on the IELTS topic of crime and punishment . It gives lots of vocabulary and even includes a helpful video that can make learning more interesting!

In this essay, I will use the following words and phrases:

Remember that you can always learn more crime-related vocabulary by searching on Google News or just reading the newspaper each day. I highly recommend that you check out websites such as BBC News and The Guardian . You will see a lot of articles about crime there.

Sample Band 9 Answer

In some parts of the world, crime rates are increasing and the types of crime are becoming more violent. This can be attributed to urbanisation and the deterioration of traditional values and, in order to fix it, societies will need to work to give people more opportunities.

Whilst crimes rates are plummeting in most parts of the world, in some places they are on the rise. Obviously, the reasons for this depend on the individual location, but generally it seems to happen because people are moving from traditional ways of living to big cities. The problem is that, in small communities, people have purpose and accountability. In other words, a young man would be known by all the people in his village and have a job to do in order to contribute to that society. However, when the village disbands and he goes to the big city, it is not easy to make a good living. He might become part of a gang or become addicted to drugs. Without accountability and in the comparatively anonymous environment of the big city, he could easily become engaged in desperate and violent crimes.

Fixing this sort of problem is never easy, but there are various approaches. Certainly, it helps to improve policing but perhaps the problem can be stopped at its root if people are given more education and opportunity. These people would likely not turn to crime if they were supported as part of a community. Again, this is not an easy thing to facilitate, but it is possible through different approaches. Ultimately, the aim needs to be maintaining social values and giving people a sense of responsibility and purpose. When people have these things, they are much less likely to engage in violent crimes.

In conclusion, there are myriad reasons for crime rates increasing but perhaps urbanisation and the loss of traditional values are to blame. Giving people purpose and making them accountable for their own actions could counteract this.

As I mentioned above, I felt surprised that this question talked about rising crime rates but it does make sense when you think that certain countries or parts of countries are indeed experiencing this problem. Thus, I tried to put my feelings forward with careful explanations.

You will see that my body paragraphs are quite complex. That’s because this is not a simple topic. I don’t feel it’s possible to get a band 9 for Task Response without explaining just how complex the causes and solutions to crime are. It is not an easy issue to discuss.

You will see that I’ve avoided any bizarre vocabulary. Long-term readers of this blog will know that such an approach is not helpful. The best thing is to use the right word, whatever that may be. Aim for accuracy rather than obscurity.

About The Author

David S. Wills

David S. Wills is the author of Scientologist! William S. Burroughs and the 'Weird Cult' and the founder/editor of Beatdom literary journal. He lives and works in rural Cambodia and loves to travel. He has worked as an IELTS tutor since 2010, has completed both TEFL and CELTA courses, and has a certificate from Cambridge for Teaching Writing. David has worked in many different countries, and for several years designed a writing course for the University of Worcester. In 2018, he wrote the popular IELTS handbook, Grammar for IELTS Writing and he has since written two other books about IELTS. His other IELTS website is called IELTS Teaching.

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Crime As A Social Problem: How To Write An Essay?

Table of Contents

Nevertheless, the key to solving the problem lays deeply in it and only through research of every aspect of the problem it can be found. That is exactly why this topic is so popular! You have endless scopes to discover, various information to collect, numerous questions to find answers to, and freedom to compose any personal topic dealing with crime.

But still, all essays on crime are similar to their aim – to discover and to help. You need to realize that any cause-effect connections you may find can indeed help to understand the problem better, develop new methods of preventing, reducing or dealing with crimes and criminals and reveal many other useful things.

How to write crime essay?

Writing an essay on crime is almost the same as writing any other essay. However, remember that you need to be extremely precise with the information you include in your essay – it’s better to check the trustworthiness and accuracy of everything you decided to take on the Internet. What’s more, it is a good idea to rely on statistics and numbers.

Moreover, it is better to choose a specific topic for your essay – that’s how you make it informative and newsworthy. Picking too broad topic will result in writing about everything and nothing. At the same time, choosing a narrow topic may be difficult to write due to the lack of available information.

So, analyze your topic and find the golden middle. These are the main differences in a crime essay.

Here are some basic recommendations:

• Come up with the topic – not too narrow, not too broad, most importantly – interesting for you.
• Write an outline and stick to it – any essay needs to be structured both for easier writing and for better perception.
• Be interested in what you write about.

The best structure for the essay on crime

Any essay should contain three parts – introduction, main body, and conclusion. They may also consist of paragraphs for better understanding while reading. So when you have finally decided on your topic, it is nice to make an outline – it is where all parts of your essay will be highlighted.

Here is a free example of an outline for the essay “Correlations of criminal behavior”:

1. Introduction – here you present all the background information needed to understand your ideas, it is the basis of your research. You may also give some definitions if needed.

2. The main body – to state all your ideas.

• Gender – discover who does more crimes, men or women. Try to explain or find explanations for the question “why”.
• Race and immigration – examine people of which race is more likely than others committing crimes. Also, explore how can the status of immigrant influence criminality.
• Early life – enumerate which factors in early life may be associated with committing crimes later. These may include trauma, family size and relations, alcohol and drug addiction in the family, bullying, low school performance, and many others.
• Religion – there are a few studies about how religiosity may influence criminality. Discover whether religion increase or decrease crime, how and why. Maybe, different religions have different effects.
• Political ideology – explore various political ideologies and how they encourage people to behave themselves. Are there any which obviously push people into committing a crime?
• Psychological traits – explain how psychological background may influence a person. Describe some mental illnesses which may make people aggressive and destructive. Find some statistics to prove your statements.
• Socioeconomic factors – examine people of which social or economic status are more prone to commit a crime, why? Explain also how the economic situation in family, city, and country may influence criminality. You may even write a poverty and crime essay.

3. Conclusion – make a derivation of everything you have stated. Keep in mind that no new ideas or statements are needed here.

4. References – add a list of the sources you have used in your essay (if needed).

Causes of crime essay

It is doubtless that the government and authorities try to prevent crimes (which is a great idea, by the way!).

Nevertheless, it is still occurring.

The problem with this is that the majority of people can’t understand where it all comes from. To cope with the problem we need to spread the awareness of why crime is done because “just insanity” isn’t usually the answer.

If you decided to write such an essay, here are some ideas for you to consider in your essay:

• Physical abnormalities – it is still believed that people who encounter some features of appearance are more likely to commit a crime. It is stated that these people have smaller heads, bigger jaws, and ears and are of a certain weight and height. Another determining factor is race.
• Mental illnesses and psychological disorders – there are some illnesses which make people generally more aggressive.
• Social and economic factors – it is a well-known fact that people of lower social status commit more crimes. The same is with the economy – the poorer the country is, the more crime is committed.
• Income and education – it was revealed that educated people are less likely to commit a crime compared to those who are uneducated. What is more, unemployment is regarded as one of the most widespread reasons for crime.
• White-collar crime – it is a prevalent crime among deputies and high officials. They include bribery, abuse of status, bureaucracy, and others.

Hate crime essay: what’s best to cover?

Hate crime is committed against a group of people or someone who belongs to it. As a rule, race and religion are the main factors. Hate crime itself is a violent act towards a person or a group of people due to their affiliation with a group or organization.

Thousands of people all around the world are suffering since they just profess the religion someone doesn’t like, have another color of skin or encounter some even less noticeable differences. Consider writing a does the death penalty deter crime essay in this context.

Thus this type of crime is indeed worth highlighting. Here is a free sample for you to pick some ideas.

Cybercrime essay: several hints

Cybercrime is a relatively new problem which develops with the Internet and technologies. Only fifteen years ago there wasn’t such a problem. However, it is expected that the global cost of cybercrime will surmount $6 trillion!

Most widespread types of cybercrime include fraud, hacking, identity theft, scamming, computer viruses, ransomware, DDoS attack, botnets, spamming, phishing, social engineering, malvertising, cyberstalking, software piracy, cyberbullying and many others.

This is why the topic is really up-to-date. So you may look through this free example to know where to begin this broad topic.

Final thoughts

All in all, crime is a newsworthy scope to explore and write essays on. Unfortunately, crimes are constantly occurring, and there are lots of information and statistics you may need to discover some specific questions.

Don’t hesitate to examine something you’re really interested in, no matter how “important” it is considered! Good luck!

Can’t wait to fight all the crime around the globe? We’ll help! Order your perfect essay on crime and cut yourself free for anything you have on your mind.

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Crime and punishment IELTS model essay with vocabulary

Our band nine sample essays give you the opportunity to learn from successful essays that show off the best structure, vocabulary and grammar. This IELTS essay on crime and punishment explores the advantages and disadvantages of harsh punishment for criminals.

band Nine Sample Essay

In some countries, crimes are punished harshly. what are some advantages and disadvantages of this approach.

Several nations have opted to implement a system of strict penalties, such as long jail sentences and execution, for crimes. In this essay, I will explore the advantage that this is a good deterrent with the disadvantage that this harms rehabilitation .

Punitive measures can help deter future crime. If people can see that crimes will be punished harshly, they are far less likely to want to commit a crime . Because people consider risk versus reward before acting, making crime as risky as possible by increasing punishment can stop criminals. Conversely, when countries have light punishments for crimes like shoplifting , people in those countries might feel like it is worth the risk to do these crimes.

However, these strong punishments also increase recidivism by failing to rehabilitate people. One of the main purposes of sending people to prison is to prevent them from committing crimes when they leave; however, making prisons and other punishments too strict works against this purpose. When criminals have a heavily punitive experience, they lose self-confidence and become distrustful of authority , meaning they are more likely to be involved in crime when they leave prison. Alternatively, if prisoners have access to training and support, such as drug rehabilitation programs and anger management classes, they are far more likely to rejoin society in a productive way. 

In conclusion, the correct punishment for crimes is a complex issue. On the one hand, strong measures deter crime; on the other hand, the same measures make it more likely for prisoners to reoffend .

crime and punishment vocabulary

Although crime and punishment is a common topic in the IELTS exam, there, thankfully, is not too much vocabulary you need to know for it. Let’s take a look at some of the high level vocabulary in this answer to kick start your learning.

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The Cause of the Crime Essay

Crime is a social phenomenon that is in existence in the world today. Crime entails having a defiant behavior that leads criminal failing to follow the acceptable norms. Not all crimes in the world today are covered by law, but at times people commit crimes without the knowledge that they are committing them.

Those who commit crimes are at times looked down upon, and most of the times are made to be accountable for their actions through punishment of law. Punishment in this case may include being charged a penalty, incarceration and in worst case scenario being subjected to death.

For the longest time ever, there have been debates on why people tend to involve themselves with abnormal behavior as well as involvement in crime. To some, criminal activities are considered a sin that people get involved into due to possession by an evil spirit.

Though there have been many reasons that people come up with to try to explain why people get involved in crime, one thing stands out; the decision to get involved in crime rests in the hands of the crime committer. This paper therefore tries to bring out this point by showing that crime is a decision of the committer of the crime, and not the surrounding factors.

The action of committing crime among different people is entirely on those people who are involved in this crime. One of the schools of thought of reason why people commit crime is the rational theory.

The theory finds its bases in economics, where one has to balance the cost and the benefits that one will incur before venturing in a certain business. Just like the explanation in economics, rational choice theory focuses on how a person is thinking before engaging in a certain crime.

For one, the person has to be calculative of what he/she is going to gain when engaging in a certain crime. In this case, the person is considering the personal interest he or she has, that relates to engaging in that particular crime. When a person goes through the options that are available for him/her, he decides whether to continue with the crime or not.

Another consideration put in mind by committers of crime is whether they are going to be caught and put up to face their actions or not. In case the person feels like the rewards that he/she is going to reap out of committing the crime are more than the risk involved, more often than not these people find themselves engaging in crime to leap the foreseen reward.

As the rational choice theory shows, committing a crime is a process that takes time to resolve to engage in these activities (Briggs Para 2). Involvement in crime is dependent on the assurance that one gets from careful analysis of the rewards to be gotten from these activities.

Since it takes a lot of time and resources to get involved in crime, it is evident that involvement in crime is entirely due to decision of the person to gain the rewards that are foreseen in the involvement of crime.

Some studies have been carried out on the effect of punishment on the crime rate. During these studies, several things have been evident. To start with, if there was an increase in the number of police force operating in a certain region, crime rate was noted to have decreased by a considerable number, and in case the police force was on the decline, the crime rate was noted to increase.

The two findings are indication of the perception of people when getting involved in crime. In the first scenario, the reason why people desist from involving themselves in crime is due to the fact that they have the fear that the police force will catch up with them in case they get involved in crime.

The high number of police workforce threatens the crime committers and in turn shy away from carrying out these activities. In the other hand, fewer police personnel to crime committers means that the threat of been caught is lesser, and committing a crime may go unpunished.

In such a scenario, they tend to involve themselves more in crime as the risk that comes with it is lesser to them. The findings go ahead to show that involvement in crime is entirely dependent on the criminal’s thinking. When they think they will not be caught and can get away with committing of crime, they involve themselves with crime (Arrigo 68).

In the second scenario that involves serving time in jail from being caught in crime, the reasoning is the same. In this scenario, the severity or the length of the crime is what drives crime committers to get involvement in their actions. In case the punishment that they are expecting from committing in crime is severe, it deters the people from committing any sort of crime.

However, in an instance where these people feel that the punishment that comes with committing a crime is lesser than the conceivable benefit, involvement in crime is high, as a lesser sentence to a crime acts as a motivator of committing a certain crime.

The behavior by crime committers in this case is a show of how these people resolve on committing crime. The notable word here being deciding to commit a crime, people tend to result to involvement of crime from the resolutions they make from their risk reward analysis.

Different people have different ways of thinking. The same may be said when it comes to what people admire in their life. Ironically, there are the people in life who admire crime committers and who have high regards to people who engage in these activities.

The admiration is more, especially if the crime committers got away with the crime successfully. To these people, committing crimes is a thrill and at times may go to greater intents to commit them. Admires of crime committers get excitement that comes with involvement in crime.

They committing these crimes as long they do not get caught, which gives them a thrill to get involved in crime. In this scenario, these people have resolved to getting involved in crime from the depth of their thinking. The decision to get involved in crime in this case rests on the crime committers.

Driven by the thrill to get involved in crime, these people tend to make the decision to get involved in crime themselves without any notable pressure from an outside source. Other people commit crime due to some elements like greed, revenge, anger and pride (Bessant 96).

When crime is committed from all these motivations, the decision to commit crime entirely rests on the hands on the crime committers. It is from their own resolution that they decide that committing a crime is more desirable to them than not getting involved in crime.

For instance when it is about greed, the people involved in these crimes usually take a longer time to ensure success of their venture.

During this time, they are usually coming up with means of getting to minimize the risk associated with the act of crime and concentrating with the benefit they may gain from involvement with crime. In this case, the people are directly involved in affecting their behaviors as the malicious motive is the main driving force.

Routine activity theory is the other cause of crime, which tends to show that crime is entirely caused from the decision of the crime committers. Developers of this theory resolve that involvement in crime does not necessarily involve a criminal.

Involvement in crime in this case is a decision by the person, whether he /she may take advantage of the opportunity that presents itself of committing a certain crime. In this particular theory, a crime does not necessarily have to be a big crime, but is inclusive of the petty stealing.

There are three things that have to be there for a person to be presented with that chance of making the decision whether to commit the crime nor not. For one, opportunity has to be there, then there must be no protection in existence, and finally, the person involved must subsequently be motivated to get involved in the deed (Siegel 201).

Decision to get involved in the crime rests on the person who is presented with the opportunity, and he/she may take or leave it. If the person resolves to take it, he/she is personally liable for his/her actions as there is no pressure around. At this point, the choice the person makes determines the action he/she takes.

Self-control is one of the important characters that a person should always have. The decision to commit crime is not always dependent on how the person can control himself when presented with an opportunity to commit crime.

The moral principles that a person upholds are very important when it comes to committing of crime. Though having low self-control has a considerable effect on how a person behaves when presented with an opportunity to commit crime, the moral principle has a very big part to play in any case.

Rational choice theory is keen to show the morals that one upholds play a very important part in deciding whether to get involved in crime or not. It is the motivation that someone has that leads to the person behaving the way he or she does.

Bad motivation in this case leads to the person in question getting involved in the wrong activity of committing crimes. Some of the incidents of crime are usually calculated, and whichever the drive, which may include greed and pride, some people result to criminal activities without any other influence but from their own choices.

Therefore, though debates may pop up as to why people get involved in incidences of crime, at the end of the day it is the decision of the person to do what he feels like, as the choice lies in his/her hands.

Works Cited

Arrigo, Bruce. Social Justice, Criminal Justice . Califonia: Wadsworth, 1999.Print.

Bessant, Judith. Sociology Australia . Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 2002. Print.

Briggs, Steven. Important Theories in Criminology: Why People Commit Crime . Web.

Siegel, Larry J. Criminology: Theories, Patterns, and Typologies . Massachusetts: Lowell, 2011. Print.

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IvyPanda. (2019, March 28). The Cause of the Crime. https://ivypanda.com/essays/the-cause-of-the-crime/

"The Cause of the Crime." IvyPanda , 28 Mar. 2019, ivypanda.com/essays/the-cause-of-the-crime/.

IvyPanda . (2019) 'The Cause of the Crime'. 28 March.

IvyPanda . 2019. "The Cause of the Crime." March 28, 2019. https://ivypanda.com/essays/the-cause-of-the-crime/.

1. IvyPanda . "The Cause of the Crime." March 28, 2019. https://ivypanda.com/essays/the-cause-of-the-crime/.

Bibliography

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2 (page 5) p. 5 What is crime?

• Published: April 2018
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‘What is crime?’ considers the definitions of crime. Should the focus be simply on violations of legal codes or should we extend it to violations of moral and social codes? The relativity of crime is also discussed: not everything that was once criminal remains so, and vice versa, and not everything considered criminal in one place is treated as criminal everywhere else. Is criminal justice effective? Through the process of criminal justice, criminals are constructed, but asking questions about what and who becomes labelled as a ‘crime’ or a ‘criminal’ necessarily invites one to contemplate the importance of power. Who makes the rules? Who do the rules affect, or protect?

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✍️Essay on Cybercrime: Free Samples in 100, 200, 300 Words

• Updated on  
• Apr 26, 2024

The 21st century is a digital age, where any and every task is done on the internet. All thanks to the developments in technology which have been the main factor to ease human life on earth and maybe on other plants in future. But with the benefits of technology, there are several harmful effects, one of them which has recently gained popularity; Cyber Crime. 

Cybercrime has emerged as pervasive and evolved as one of the most dangerous threats to humans. There are several users on the internet who indulge in illegal and criminal activities, using computers and networks. To guide you through this hot debate topic, below we have discussed essays on cybercrime.

Table of Contents

• 1 Essay on Cybercrime in 100 Words
• 2 Essay on Cybercrime in 200 Words
• 3 Essay on Cybercrime in 300 Words
• 4 Short Essay on Cybercrime

Also Read: Essay on Student Life

Essay on Cybercrime in 100 Words

Cybercrime involves illegal activities like hacking, ransomware, cyberbullying, online fraud, etc. People who are involved in cybercrime or any similar activities are called hackers, scammers or fraudsters. Cybercrime leads to financial loss for individuals who have fallen victim to one. Cybercrime often invades a person’s privacy by stealing their personal details, including sensitive data, photos, and communication records, which can be used for blackmailing or any malicious purpose.

There are several governmental and non-government organizations which are working 

To tackle cybercrime by raising awareness among the masses, cyber security training, implementing robust security protocols, and enacting comprehensive cybercrime laws.

Also Read: I Love My India Essay: 100 and 500+ Words in English for School Students

Essay on Cybercrime in 200 Words

Cybercrime is a criminal activity done online using a computer, network and internet. With the increasing use of the internet and mobile phones, the number of criminal activities has also gained pace.  These criminal-minded people steal the personal details of a person, which leads to financial losses and damages the reputation of the victims. Various scams and fraudulent schemes are offered on the internet like online auctions, advance fees, or any investment scam, which are all aimed at deceiving individuals into parting with their money.

Cybercrime is not limited to financial losses or reputational damage, a more discrete term has emerged; cyberbullying.  In cyberbullying, a person is harassed, humiliated, or threatened online. This can have severe psychological and emotional consequences. Ethical hackers or white hat hackers can help organizations identify vulnerabilities in their systems before malicious hackers exploit them. 

Cybercrime doesn’t have any boundaries and is an international issue and international cooperation is crucial for tracking and prosecuting cybercriminals who operate across borders. To combat cybercrime effectively, a multi-faceted approach is required, involving education, technology, legislation, and international cooperation. As technology continues to advance, our efforts to combat cybercrime must keep pace to protect our increasingly interconnected world.

Also Read : Essay on Winter Season

Essay on Cybercrime in 300 Words

Economists have termed cybercrime as ‘ A Hidden Threat to the Digital World.’ Modern humans are relying on the internet for their day-to-day activities and every macro and micro activity. In this sense, the term cybercrime comes to the front. Cybercrime refers to criminal activities conducted through the use of computers, networks, and the Internet. 

Cybercrime consists of various malicious activities like hacking, phishing, ransomware attacks, identity theft, online fraud, and cyberbullying. Hackers, fraudsters, scammers, criminals, and even state-sponsored actors exploit vulnerabilities in digital systems to steal sensitive information, disrupt operations, and cause financial and emotional harm to victims.

The consequences of cybercrime are far-reaching. Financial losses run into 10 digits annually, affecting individuals and organizations alike. Personal privacy is invaded as cybercriminals steal sensitive data, photos, and communication records. In cases of cyberbullying and harassment, victims suffer reputational damages, psychological distress, and emotional trauma, particularly in cases of cyberbullying and harassment.

It’s necessary to look for a multifaceted approach to deal with cybercrime, some of which are.

• Raising public awareness through campaigns where people are informed about the risks of cybercrime and educate them on best practices for online safety.
• Individuals and organizations should implement robust security protocols, regularly update software, and use multi-factor authentication to protect their digital assets.
• Governments should enact and enforce cybercrime laws, providing law enforcement agencies with the resources and expertise needed to prosecute cybercriminals effectively.
• Looking at the global nature of cybercrime, international collaboration is vital. Countries should work together to share threat intelligence and cooperate in the investigation and prosecution of cybercriminals.
• Ethical hackers can help organizations identify and rectify vulnerabilities in their systems before malicious actors exploit them.

Tackling cybercrime requires proactive measures, including education, strong cybersecurity practices, legislation, international cooperation, and the active involvement of ethical hackers.

Also Read: Essay on Green Energy PDF: 150 and 250 Words

Short Essay on Cybercrime

Find the short essay on cyber crime from below:

Cybercrime is an illegal and unethical activity which is done by hackers and fraudsters to gain financial or any other benefits for themselves.

To tackle cybercrime, several measures can be taken. Some of these measures are education and public awareness, research and innovation, ethical hacking, etc.

To write an essay on cybercrime, you need to give details on how it works and the level of danger it poses to humans. Cybercrime consists of various malicious activities like hacking, phishing, ransomware attacks, identity theft, online fraud, and cyberbullying. Hackers, fraudsters, scammers, criminals, and even state-sponsored actors exploit vulnerabilities in digital systems to steal sensitive information, disrupt operations, and cause financial and emotional harm to victims.

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Shiva Tyagi

With an experience of over a year, I've developed a passion for writing blogs on wide range of topics. I am mostly inspired from topics related to social and environmental fields, where you come up with a positive outcome.

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Cyber Crime Essay

The unlawful act of gaining unauthorised access to computer systems or digital devices is known as cybercrime. A detailed grasp of how to stop or recover from cyberattacks is provided by cyber security. Online courses offer guidance on how to avoid, safeguard against, and recover from cybercrime risks. Here are a few sample essays on the topic ‘Cyber Crime’.

100 Words Essay on Cyber Crime

200 words essay on cyber crime, 500 words essay on cyber crime.

Cybercrime is the most discussed problem in the twenty-first century. The usage of cellphones and the internet is increasing dramatically over the world, which is generating questions about consumers' security and privacy. Because of this, it is crucial for all users to understand cybercrime and security. Cybercrime is defined as organised criminal conduct carried out by attackers online. Cybercrime comes in numerous forms, such as fraud, computer viruses, cyberstalking, and others. Due to these, businesses and government organisations are spending more on maintaining and employing professionals in cybercrime.

There are millions and billions of users and websites in the vast community known as cyberspace. People utilise it for a variety of activities including e-commerce, transactions, shopping, movies, music, and video games. Anyone can simply access anything online in the current technological era owing to accessible internet connection. As a result, crime in general and cybercrime in particular have surged dramatically. Additionally, the faster internet connection has greatly boosted the rate of data circulation. All of these problems are responsible as to why cyber security has grown to be a significant issue for society.

The government has created a number of cybercrime-related laws in an effort to curb the spread of the crime and to protect people's interests. These laws also provide defence against cybercrime. Aside from that, the government has established cyber cells in police stations to combat cybercrime as quickly as possible.

Cybercrime is an attack that can be harmful to both an individual and a business. There have been several instances where a cyber attack led to a data leak that caused a significant loss for a business or a person. These cyber-attacks could have negative effects on the country and the business. The countless instances of cyberattacks that have taken place in India and other nations have necessitated increased security measures. There are four main categories of cybercrime, according to a popular definition—hacking, money, privacy, and cyber terrorism.

Cybercrime is a type of crime in which illegal activities are carried out online or using computers. Cybercrime comes in a variety of forms which involves harassing online users. Cybercrime is the most serious and rapidly expanding type of crime in this day and age. Any person's life may be negatively impacted for a very long time by becoming a cyber victim. Cybercrimes have a wide range of repercussions on financial and investment activity in digital organisations.

One typical tactic used by criminals is to lure online users in by creating attractive websites and sending phoney emails purporting to be from banks or other organisations and asking for personal information. It makes it easier for criminals to access a person's bank account and personal data. Due to viruses, mail fraud, account hacking, and software piracy, people have been victims of cybercrimes. They also run into problems with unauthorised access mailing, threats from pornographic emails, and video transmission.

Types of Cyber Crime

Cyberstalking | It is the use of electronic communication to track down a person or to make repeated attempts to get in touch with them in order to foster personal interaction despite their blatant lack of interest. Anyone who monitors the internet, email, or any other form of electronic communication is guilty of stalking.

Phishing | It is a sort of fraud that includes collecting personal data from recipients of emails that seem to be coming from a reliable source, including Customer ID, IPIN, Credit/Debit Card number, Card expiration date, CVV number, etc.

Vishing | It is an attempt when criminals attempt to obtain personal information over the phone, such as Customer ID, Net Banking password, ATM PIN, OTP, Card expiration date, CVV, etc.

Smishing | It is a sort of fraud that employs text messages sent to mobile devices to entice victims into dialling a fake phone number, going to a fake website, or downloading harmful software.

Impersonation And Identity Theft | This includes the dishonest or fraudulent use of another person's electronic signature, password, or other distinctive identification trait.

Virus, Worms, Trojan | A computer virus is a programme designed to infiltrate your computer, corrupt your files and data, and spread itself. Worms are malicious software applications that repeatedly duplicate themselves on local drives, network shares, etc. Trojan is a malicious programme that mimics a legitimate application. Trojans offer unauthorised people and applications access to your computer through a backdoor entry, allowing them to steal sensitive data.

How to Prevent Cyber Crime

Backup every piece of information—data, systems, and considerations—to make it easier for businesses to recover from unforeseen events with the help of prior data.

Pick a firewall that offers protection from viruses, malware, and dishonest hackers.

Never divulge private information to a stranger since they might exploit it for fraud.

To avoid cybercrime, check your security settings—in order to determine if someone has logged into your computer, a cyber firewall analyses your network settings.

Antivirus software aids in identifying potential threats and malware before they infect a computer system. Never use software that has been cracked since it poses a serious risk of data loss or malware attack.

Keep your information protected when accessing untrusted websites—information can readily bypass the data through phishing websites.

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Introduction to Crime Essay: Structure and Format

Table of Contents

All writings on crime have the same objective – to find and assist. Any cause-and-effect relationships you uncover can help you understand the problem more.

It can also develop new techniques for preventing, minimizing, or dealing with crimes and criminals and expose numerous other relevant information.

This article features the best way to report your crime essay. Just follow the essay structure guidelines and start writing!

How to Write a Proper Crime Essay

Writing an essay on crime is nearly identical to writing any other essay. However, you must be specific with the content you provide in your essay.

Endeavour to verify the credibility and accuracy of any Internet sources you use. It is also prudent to rely on data and numbers.

In addition, choosing a narrow topic for your essay is preferable, as this will make it more interesting and newsworthy. If you select a topic that is too wide, you will end yourself writing about everything and nothing. Choosing a restricted topic, however, may be challenging due to the scarcity of available knowledge.

Therefore, study your issue and locate the sweet spot. Let’s get unto how to properly outline a crime esssay.

Outline: Introduction to Crime Essay

Every essay should have three sections: introduction , body, and conclusion.

They may also have paragraphs to facilitate reading comprehension. When you have finally decided on a topic, creating an outline is a good idea. This is where you will emphasize each section of your essay. Here is a free sample of an essay outline.

1. Introduction

This is where you give all the background information needed to understand your ideas. It is the foundation of your research. You could also explain what the words mean, if necessary.

2. Body section

The main body is where you put all of your ideas. Find out if more men or women commit crimes. Try to answer the question “why” or find an answer. 

Race and immigration

Look at which groups of people are more likely to commit crimes. Also, look into how being an immigrant can affect criminal behavior.

List the things that may have happened in a person’s early life that led them to commit crimes later. Trauma, family size and relationships, alcoholism and drug addiction, bullying, and poor school achievement might cause this.

A few studies have looked at how religion might affect criminal behavior. Find out if religion makes crime worse, how, and why. Maybe the effects of different religions are different.

Political ideology

Look into different political ideas and how they influence people to act. Are there any that seem to make people want to break the law? 

Psychological traits

Talk about how a person’s psychological background can affect them. Give some examples of mental illnesses that can make people violent or destructive. Find some numbers to back up your claims. 

Socioeconomic factors

Look at which groups of people are more likely to commit a crime and why. Explain how the economy in the family, the city, and the country may affect criminal behavior. You could even write an essay about poverty and crime.

3. Conclusion

In your conclusion, wrap up everything you’ve said. Remember that you don’t need to say or think anything new here.

4. References

Add a list of the sources you used in your essay (if required).

Argumentative Essay on the Root Causes of Criminal Behavior

Of course, the government and law enforcement agencies work to reduce crime (which is a great goal, by the way).

But it continues to happen.

Most people don’t have a clue as to its origins, and that’s a big concern. Because “just mad” is rarely the answer, we need to raise our understanding of the reasons behind criminal behavior.

Here are a few things to think about if you decide to write such an essay:

1. Certain physical traits

People still think that people with certain physical traits are more likely to commit crimes. It is said that these people have smaller heads, more prominent jaws and ears, and a certain height and weight. 

2. Illnesses of the mind and psychological disorders

Some illnesses make people more likely to be violent. For instance, some people with schizophrenia be psychotic or possess psychotic symptoms.

3. Social status

Those considered outcasts or someone with a hard life are more likely to have a more challenging time succeeding. This is why you have the lower social groups committing crimes against those considered higher in the social strata.

4. Poor Economies

The same is true for the economy. When a country is poor, there is more crime. It was found that people with less education are more likely to commit a crime than people with more education.

5. Unemployment

Also, unemployment is considered one of the most common reasons people break the law. If people cannot find employment, they may commit crimes as an alternative to getting a job.

6. White-collar crime

White-collar crime is common among deputies and high-ranking government officials. They include taking bribes, abusing power, being too busy, and other things.

The criminal justice system is an exciting topic for research papers and analytical essays.

Crime is, unfortunately, ever-present, and there is a wealth of data and statistics from which you may draw answers to your specific issues.

While crime rates are rising in every community, I believe both governments and individuals can improve. On the one hand, governments can take several significant steps to minimize or even eliminate various forms of crime.

To begin, governments can increase the number of police officers in every community to keep an eye on citizens and deter criminal behavior. Secondly, the state can use cutting-edge technologies like surveillance cameras in all public areas to prevent illegal activity.

Strong sanctions like incarceration, physical punishments, or financial fines may reduce crime since they dissuade people of all ages.

Members of the society can also play a significant role in reducing crime rates. The vast majority of people are willing to help the government maintain a secure society, from my experience.

Ordinary people may play a crucial role in crime-prevention efforts simply by reporting issues to the police. When citizens are invested in reducing violent crime in their cities, it provides the government with an opportunity to take preventative measures.

In a nut shell, all members of society, including governments and people, must prevent crime for a community to be safe.

Abir Ghenaiet

Abir is a data analyst and researcher. Among her interests are artificial intelligence, machine learning, and natural language processing. As a humanitarian and educator, she actively supports women in tech and promotes diversity.

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Essay on Crime Prevention

Crime is a global problem affecting each and every country. Every country suffers from increased crime rates which result to insecurities and a negative impact on the economy. This increased crime rate is fueled by poverty, parental negligence, low self-esteem, alcohol, and drug abuse, resulting from the lack of proper moral values (Topalli & Wright, 2014). Moral values are responsible for determining what is right and wrong and also establish what is socially acceptable. They are ideas considered by society as important and contribute to one’s general personality, and thus, without them, an individual is lost. It is significant to prevent crimes to raise the quality of life of all citizens. Preventing crimes also results to long-term benefits as it reduces social cost resulting from crimes and the costs involved with the formal criminal justice system. In order to prevent these crimes, there is the need to develop evidence-based and comprehensive approaches addressing several factors impacting crimes, including moral values on growing children.

Crimes result from negative moral values, and thus there is a need to promote positive youth development and wellbeing. Horace Mann believes that this prevalence of crime in society could be reduced by moral instruction in schools (Spring, 2019). He argues that for the crime rate to reduce, the moral value of the general public needs to be shaped accordingly. According to him, the most accurate method of doing this is by incorporating moral instruction in the education system. He referred to this method as putting a police officer in every child’s heart. This would enable the child to be conscious of the evil in society and be aware of good and bad. This would guide them as they grow up and prevent them from engaging or committing any crime.

The American Education book portrays crime as a global nuisance, and the more accurate and effective method to prevent it is through education. Mann suggests in this book that the number of police required by society would significantly be reduced by schooling. Thus, education is portrayed as a source of knowledge and a significant tool that would help reduce crime rates remarkably. It is supposed to do this by allowing students to acquire more educational attainment that leads to high paying jobs and thus higher earnings, which increases the opportunity cost of crime and consequently reducing crime. Mann also believes that education would reduce the crime rate by affecting individuals’ personality traits associated with crime. This is done by making students become patient, disciplined and moral. Despite this being a more suitable method of preventing crimes in society, it is not as effective as Mann and other researchers rate it.

Mann theory of preventing crime through schooling is a considerate method, but it is not enough to do so. There is no causal relationship between crime rates and school attendance (Lochner, 2020). It is assumed that schooling and crime rates are related, and thus if school attendance is increased, a consequent crime reduction would be noticed. However, this is wrong, and Mann theory has not proved a reality. According to Joel et al. (2021), the percentage of 5-to 17-years-old students increased from 82.2 in 1959-1960 to 91.9 percent in 2004-2005. The average days of attendance also increased from 160.2 in 1959-1960 to 169.2 in 1999-2000. There was also a rapid increase in violent crimes in 1960-2000 from 160.9 to 506.5 per 100,000 residence (Spring, 2019). As the number of students attending school and the attendance days increased from 1960 to 2004, so did the crime rate. This is proof that the crime rate is irrespective of the number of students going to school and the average days of attendance, and thus Mann theory is ineffective.

Moral value instruction is a vital tool to prevent crimes but implementing it only through schooling, such as Mann suggested, is not only a failing strategy but a waste of time and resources. Moral values in children need to be implemented in many different ways to ensure that they stick as they develop into adults (Damon, 2008). Implementing these moral values would ensure that they grow into morally upright adults, thus reducing crime rates. Implementing moral value through schooling is advised, but it would work with a combination of many other methods including through religion and good parenting. Religion helps in the spiritual growth of a person and emphasizes moral codes aimed to develop values such as social competence and self-control, which are major virtues in crime hating people. According to the study done by Brown and Taylor (2007) on how religion impacts child development, it was found that social competence and the psychological adjustment of third-graders were positive influenced with several religious factors. This shows that religion helps in developing children to become adults with a positive and better judgement that would keep them from engaging in any crime and thus would contribute to crime rate reduction.

Parents are responsible for their children, and they are required to guard and guide them as they contribute to their personality. According to Penn (2015), how a child turns out as an adult depends on how their parents brought them up. As a result of this, it is crucial for parents to be careful of how they handle their children. It is the responsibility of every citizen of a county to help fight and prevent crimes, and thus it is the responsibility of parents to reduce the crime rate by training their children to be better people in future. They should be consistent with rules and monitor their children behaviour to ensure that they instil good moral value in them, equipping them with the knowledge of good and evil. If a child is raised in a way that makes them hate crime, then they would not engage in any, and this would contribute to the general reduction of crime in the society.

In conclusion, the main way of preventing crime is by instilling positive moral values on growing children to ensure that they develop into morally upright adults who would not engage in criminal activities. It is assumed that to instil this moral values in children and prevent crimes in future, the best way is through schooling. But this is not the case as there is no causal relationship between crime rates and schooling, and thus schooling will not necessarily result to a reduced crime rate. In order to ensure that moral values are successfully instilled in children, schooling would have to be combined with other methods, some of which include religion and good parenting, resulting in adults who are conscious of good and evil. Increased crime rate is a problem experienced by all countries globally, and the only way to fight it is by shaping the personality of the future generation by instilling positive moral values as their driving force.

Topalli, V., & Wright, R. (2014).  Affect and the dynamic foreground of predatory street crime  (1st ed.).

Spring, J. (2019). American Education.  https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429274138

Lochner, L. (2020). Education and crime.  The Economics Of Education , 109-117.  https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-815391-8.00009-4

Joel, M., Bill, H., Jijun, Z., Xiaolei, W., Ke, W., & Sarah, H. et al. (2021).  National Center for Education Statistics: The Condition of Education 2019. NCES 2019-144 . ERIC. Retrieved 5 July 2021, from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED594978.

Damon, W. (2008).  Moral child: Nurturing children’s natural moral growth  (3rd ed.). FREE Press.

Brown, S., & Taylor, K. (2007). Religion and education: Evidence from the National Child Development Study.  Journal Of Economic Behavior & Organization ,  63 (3), 439-460.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2005.08.003

Penn, H. (2015).  Understanding early childhood  (3rd ed.). Open University Press.

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Topics: Crime

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Students are introduced to the topic of crime in this instalment of Adrian Tennant’s Topics series. The lesson is available at two language levels (Pre-intermediate and Intermediate +) and gives students practice in reading, listening and speaking skills, as well as exercises focusing on grammar and vocabulary. This lesson is free for all onestopenglish users.

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Cyber Crime Essay for Students and Children

500+ words essay on cyber crime.

Cyber Crime Essay – Everybody thinks that only stealing someone’s private data is Cyber Crime. But in defining terms we can say that ‘Cyber Crime refers to the use of an electronic device (computer, laptop, etc.) for stealing someone’s data or trying to harm them using a computer.

Besides, it is an illegal activity that involves a series of issues ranging from theft to using your system or IP address as a tool for committing a crime.

Types of Cyber Crime

Speaking in a broadway we can say that Cyber Crime are categorized into four major types. These are Financial, Privacy, Hacking, and Cyber Terrorism.

The financial crime they steal the money of user or account holders. Likewise, they also stole data of companies which can lead to financial crimes. Also, transactions are heavily risked because of them. Every year hackers stole lakhs and crores of rupees of businessmen and government.

Privacy crime includes stealing your private data which you do not want to share with the world. Moreover, due to it, the people suffer a lot and some even commit suicide because of their data’s misuse.

In, hacking they intentional deface a website to cause damage or loss to the public or owner. Apart from that, they destroy or make changes in the existing websites to diminish its value.

Modern-day terrorism has grown way beyond what it was 10-20 years ago. But cyber terrorism is not just related to terrorists or terrorist organizations. But to threat some person or property to the level of creating fear is also Cyber Terrorism.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Cyber Crime in India

Web world or cyberspace is a massive community of millions and billions of users and websites. Also, people access it for different uses like shopping, movies, music, video games, transactions, and e-commerce, etc.

In this Age of Technology and easy access to the internet, anyone can easily reach it. Because of this fast pace growth from the previous decade. Besides, the internet has opened a world of information on which anyone can connect.

Due to, this the rate of crime especially the rate of Cyber Crime has increased much fold. Moreover, the rate of circulation of data is also increased much fold due to the higher speed of internet. Above all, due to all these issues, the Cybersecurity has become a major concern for society.

Laws related to Cyber Crimes

To stop the spread of Cyber Crime and to safeguard the interest of people the government has made several laws related to Cyber Crimes. Also, these laws serve as protection against Cyber Crime. Apart from that, the government has also introduced cyber cells in police stations to counter the problem of Cyber Crime as fast as they can.

Ways of stopping Cyber Crime

Cyber Crime is not something which we cannot deal with our self. Likewise, with little use of our common sense and logic, we can stop Cyber Crimes from happening.

To conclude, we can say that Cyber Crime is a dangerous offense to someone’s privacy or any material. Also, we can avoid Cyber Crime by following some basic logical things and using our common sense. Above all, Cyber Crime is a violation of not only law but of human rights too.

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• Cyber Crime Essay

Essay on Cyber Crime

Cyber crime is the most discussed issue of the 21st century. The technology sector world wide is witnessing  a boom in the consumer of smartphones and the internet which is raising concerns with regard to the privacy and security of the users. Owing to this reason, it is highly essential for all the users to know about cyber crime  & security.  As a result, thi topic has become the most favorite topic of the examiner and can often be seen asked in the exams.  In this view, students must have information on cyber crime and stay prepared to tackle such topics in the essay question in the English paper.

Introduction

Cybercrime is a dangerous attack a company or an individual may face. There are many cases where the cyber attack has brought massive loss to the company and individuals due to the data hack. We live in a technology-driven era, and every piece of information is now fed on computers. Cybercrime involves an attack on computers and digital devices. These cyber-attacks can prove hazardous not just for the organization, but also for the nation. To date, there are many digital attack cases in India and global, pushing for more security measures. These attacks are also affecting the economy of the country if not controlled in the initial stage.

What is Cybercrime?

Cybercrime or attack is defined as the systematic criminal activity occurring digitally

and done by attackers. There are many examples of cybercrime, including fraud,

malware viruses, cyberstalking and others. Due to these, government agencies and

companies are investing more in the maintenance and hiring of cybercrime experts. 

Earlier, cybercrime was committed only by individuals or by small groups. However, now a highly complex cybercriminals network work on attacking the system for data

collection.

Three groups of cybercrimes-

This is the form of cyberstalking, trafficking, and grooming. Over the years, this

This type of cybercrime has been taken seriously by law enforcement agencies. It is

now keeping a track over every such attack on an individual.

Similar to the real world where criminals steal the property, in the cyber world,

attackers steal data. Here, the attacker steals a person's bank details and

misuse the credit card for online purchase. By using malicious software, the

attacker attacks the property to disrupt the system of the organization.

These types of crimes are denoted as cyber terrorism. This can be a terror because

the attacker can get hold of essential documents related to government

projects. An enemy nation or terrorist usually makes such attacks. There are

many cases globally where a terrorist hacks government data.

Apart from these, there is a financial crime where the hacker steals the money of the

user account holder. Moreover, they steal company data and finance.

In this type, the computer system of the person is hacked to get personal

information. In many countries, including India, hacking is a punishable act.

It is quite different from ethical hacking. In normal hacking, illegal use

different types of software to enter the system of the target person. Hacker is

then able to monitor every activity done by the person.

This Cybercrime is about violating copyright and downloading music or movies. In

India, many movies before their releases are leaked on the movie download

sites. In other words , theft is also called privacy, which can bring a huge

loss to the organization.

Cyber Stalking

It is online harassment by an individual or a group of people. Normally, these

stalkers target an individual and harass online. There are many cases of

cyberstalking in India, resulting in the target person ending up taking

Malicious Software

These are computer-based cybercrimes where virus-based software is installed in the

target people or organization computers. This is to damage the system and

corrupt the data of the target.

Laws Related to Cybercrime

In India, there are many cybercrime laws enacted to stop this threat. Be it for

the individual or the organization; these laws help to either bring down the

number of cases or eliminate these digital crimes.

Apart from these laws, as an individual, you also need to take steps to stop these

crimes. Like, not providing your login details, installing trust anti-virus

software and keeping your online profile private can help to act against such

Cybercrime is a significant threat that can bring huge loss to the individual and the

organization. It is essential to follow basic online rules to ensure the safety

of self and the organization.

Benefits of Cyber Crime Essay in English provided by Vedantu

The essay on cybercrime provided by Vedantu is prepared by highly qualified teachers which makes it a reliable source of information. This information could be utilized for a variety of reasons. Being a reliable piece of information the essay will benefit everyone curious to know about the topic.

Following are the highlights of its benefits:

Reliable information 

Adaptive to the context 

Precise language

Fulfills the requirements of the students for english exam questions 

Comprehensive and analytical. The  article digs in the depth of the issue and analyzes it through a 360 degree perspective.

The essay could also be used by the students for preparing themselves for the essay question in the English paper. This essay is an excellent guide to understand what the examiner is looking for in the exam. Moreover, the topic of cybercrime is quite a recurrent one in the exam. So the students use this essay to deal with the same topic.

The Essay on Cyber Crime is an excellent guide on averting any possibilities of a cyber attack. On today's date, one is mostly on the internet for a variety of reasons. It becomes essential for one to know important tips that can keep one safe from cyberbullies, thieves, or blackmailers. It is also important for one to understand the right course of actions to be taken in an eventuality of such an incident.

Download the cybercrime essay for students in English on the Vedantu website.

FAQs on Cyber Crime Essay

1. How Does Cybercrime Work?

Group of people or an individual commits most of these cyber-crimes. These criminals use a systematic process to hack and commit these acts. These criminal communities share strategies and tools to launch attacks. Some of the cybercrime techniques

Fast Flux - In this method, the hacker moves data quickly among computers in a botnet, making it challenging to find the right source.

Social Engineering - This method includes using lies and manipulation to trick people into revealing their personal information.

Skimmers - This involves installing a skimming tool in an ATM and stealing the information. You may find such skimming devices in ATMs.

There are some digital criminals targeting organizations to steal personal information.

2. How Cybercrime Affects Society?

Cybercrime can hugely affect society. In 2018, the US faced a loss of $600 billion. As consumers are increasingly allowing technologies to get into their lives, cyber attackers are getting better access. Some of the essential information available are-

Personal health data, sleep schedules, and geo-locations Shopping history, account information, and passive conversations noticed voice-controlled devices, Private conversations on social media accounts.

Your entire life is now available on social media, making it vulnerable to hack or cyber-attack. Attackers use different techniques including- installing malware, virus, phishing, cyberstalking, etc. These can certainly bring loss of lives and data for individuals and organizations. For society, this is a significant loss in the long run.  One needs to be very careful when presenting himself socially.

3. How to stay secure in times of cybercrime?

Cybercrime is a real threat posing to society. It is the 21st-century version of theft and blackmailing. There are certain ways one should adopt to prevent any possibilities of cybercrime. Do not disclose the banking details to random people or fill the CVV of your debit or credit cards on an unknown and unverified website. Keep your passwords always discrete. The camera of the laptop should always be covered.

4. Where can I get a cybercrime essay?

One can find a good quality cyber crime essay on Vedantu's website. The essay which is prepared by the expert teachers describes everything that one needs to know about cybercrime. It is the one-stop solution for all your requirements on the topic. Their essay is available in PDF format on the website and could be downloaded on any device. One downloaded essay could be used in offline mode too. If one finds it feasible, the printout of the PDF could also be taken out.

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The Crime and Violence in South Africa, Essay Example

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The history of South Africa has always captured our attention. Africans have gone through the hard transition of being colonized to the status when the population has been earning their survival by being under the “white” supervision. In the time before 1900 Africans seem to have failed to provide a decent living for their population by means of their own labor, agriculture and economic development.

• Why was South Africa occupied?
• What was the influence of the British colonial era?
• How were Africans treated during the era of diamonds and gold ?
• How did South Africans resist invaders of their territory?

These are the questions that have been analyzed the researches and historians in order to get a better perspective of the culture and fate of South Africa. Violence and crime in the area is often reflected by the political developments that took place at that time.

Why Was South Africa Occupied?

Researches have different opinions and explanations about why have South Africans experienced strong failure about their economy. Some say it was the influence of white rule, dislocation of social order and traditional economy. Others argue that Africans failed to adapt their economy to novel conditions of land scarcity and inability to learn from the white farmers the new and modern methods of agriculture. “It is suggested that the crucial post-mineral period was one in which non-market forces predominated; in which discriminatory and coercive means were utilized by the wielders of economic and political power to disadvantage African peasantry; and that an economy was created whose structure was such as to render ‘market forces’ highly favorable to the white, capitalist sector” [1] . According to Colin Bundy African agriculture had been strongly dependent and brought strong outcome because of capitalist developers in the area.

South Africa was the site of earliest settlement of Europeans when Dutch East India Company opened its supply base in Table Bay. Their settlements grew and encountered Khoisan and Bantu Africans. Dutch occupants were called Boers and managed to create big farms and import necessary labor. This meant that while Africa was exporting slaves, Cape Colony was importing.

Slaves were mostly brought from Madagascar, India or other parts of Africa. They were used to do physical jobs and be servants of whites. Dutch East India Company had a huge slave hostel in Cape Town. Many blacks were owned by free citizens. To become a free citizen one had to obtain his or her freedom to make living separate from the Company. Slaves of the free citizens often helped to cultivate wine, vegetables, wheat, etc. Many were employed as the home servants.

South Africans were very limited. They had to obey curfews, were not allowed to walk through streets of Cape Town. Slaves were restricted from gathering in groups on holidays, did not have access to church or public houses. The slaves that stood up against their owners or gave false claims were put to death.

What Was the Influence of the British Colonial Era?

When Great Britain gained control over Cape, it basically wanted to use the town as their port for traders’ voyages. Colonizers were looking for new lands and sources of prosperity. The British established a Cape Colony and in the next years had several wars against Xhosa in order to extend the land area and subdue the population. Britain was viewed as the power that had the abilities to set the order in the South African. Many British traders and missionaries favored the idea of extending their administration throughout the territory.

An ordinary African peasant at the beginning of nineteenth century has been living on mission stations or in a vicinity of markets. It was believed that this brought a positive influence over civilizing the natives and getting them adapted to peaceful neighbors. The British improved opportunities for farmers in terms of exporting sheep and wool. But with the abolition of slavery they did anger Boers. Passing the Hottentot Law, which meant that any black found without a pass could be taken by the white farmer, was quite controversial. It further angered Boers because it gave blacks the right to have a contract between them and white farmers and an ability to even sue them. The most critical moment happened in 1833 when British abolished the slavery throughout South Africa. The law resulted into massive migration of Boer farmers, which made rich Boers frustrated about losing the slaves.

Starting from mid-50s with the adoption of plough and other agricultural innovations, white farmers complained about the shortage of labor and initiated leasing land to Africans for cash and farming. This established a certain quasi-feudal relations between them as a short term response to white labor needs.

According to Leonard Thompson history had created a cleavage between white South Africans [2] . These people have spent a great amount of time outside of Europe. Therefore, they have acquired a rural mode of life and treated themselves as separate people. Afrikaners differed themselves from British community, thus, causing the latter at times seeking protection from Britain. However, the republics were too weak and economically unstable to command the allegiance of the colonial Afrikaners.

How Were Africans Treated During the Era of Diamonds and Gold?

Between 1870 and 1886 with the discovery of diamonds and gold there appeared new opportunities and markets for African peasants. But this did not involve everybody. There still remained a big number of poor and hungry population. The prosperity and progress of that time was not freely and equally divided among inhabitations. At this time of economic growth the struggles took place between the Boers and British as well as Europeans and indigenous population. Diamond rush turned the city of Kimberley into a big town where both blacks and whites worked independent claims. As the mines went deeper, many businessmen consolidated them into large mines. Among them were natives of Britain, Germany, etc. The mine workers who were blacks often experienced many injustices. Employees, “who composed the majority of diggers, were abused by owners, who often sold claims from beneath their feet or took over proved claims on their own account [3] ”. The land owners in order to secure the labor often tied workers to the spots by means of contracts. The wages promised rarely were real.

In 1886 second major wave took place at Pretoria where the world’s largest deposit of gold has been found. Both diamond and gold mining spots had lack of labor as their major problem. Local governments started passing laws that greatly limited the abilities of Africans to own a mine or its products. Black Africans had to live in special neighborhoods since they were forbidden to live where they wanted.

How Did South Africans Resist Invaders of Their Territory?

Resisting the British, the Transvaal Boers also saw a threat by the Zulu state. Zulu occupied dry region with small rivers and were relatively prosperous. They were the subgroup of Nguni. Series of dry years worsened the relations between the two in the struggle for water and good land and resulted into a number of wars. Zulu became a powerful African state. As long as Zulu were viewed as a threat to Boers, the latter accepted the British rule. However, after British won over Zulu, Transvaal Boers violated the conventions and fought against the British. With time Britain singed agreements with Boers on restoration of Transvaal autonomy. British people tried to annex Transvaal and tried to annex others as well. In 1886 with the discovery of gold in Witwatersrand the power in the region shifted to Boers. Blacks were still being discriminated because of the racial identity and the working class status.

There is no doubt that blacks have suffered tremendously during the colonial times. Slaves were being removed from their families, forced into physical labor and suffered numerous injustices. Even though blacks had some access to courts, their words were not enough to fights against whites. There were also encounters of slaves doing easy household chores. For instance, in Cape Town, they run errands or even acted like traders. But nevertheless, blacks were always condemned to heavy labor with the very cruel punishments from their owners. “Although they (whites) owned the majority of slave in the colony, they freed a tiny proportion [4] .”

Africans had a broad range of life experiences. They were being transformed from autonomous and self-sufficient chiefdoms into dependent peasant communities. One of the most obvious factors was the land shortage for peasantry. At the end of nineteenth century it was not necessary in Cape to have a “buffer” class of small-holders among Africans. Peasants had low access to goods because most was concentrated in the hands of traders that invaded South Africa. African chiefdoms have been subdued under the white control. In many cases these changed involved bloodshed.

Bibliography

Bundy, Colin. “The Emergence and Decline of a South African Peasantry” (St. Antony’s College, Oxford), 369

Elphick, Richard and  Shell, Robert. “Intergroup relations: Khoikhoi, settlers, slaves and free blacks, 1652-1795”, (USA) 213

Thompson, Leonard and  Wilson, Monica. “The Oxford History of South Africa” (Oxford), 247

Turrell, Rob. “Kimberley: Labour and Compounds, 1871-1888”, (USA) 51

[1] Colin Bundy, “The Emergence and Decline of a South African Peasantry” (St. Antony’s College, Oxford), 369

[2] Leonard Thompson, Monica Wilson, “The Oxford History of South Africa” (Oxford), 247

[3] Rob Turrell, “Kimberley: Labour and Compounds, 1871-1888”, (USA) 51

[4] Richard Elphick and Robert Shell, “Intergroup relations: Khoikhoi, settlers, slaves and free blacks, 1652-1795”, (USA) 213

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Murderer implicates co-defendant while pleading guilty to woman's brutal kidnapping and death

Orlando Esiesa Tobar pleading guilty on May 24, 2024, to murdering Conzuelo “Nicole” Solorio-Romero. (Screenshot: KSL)

One of the six people charged in a Utah woman’s kidnapping and murder has pleaded guilty, even going so far as to implicate one of his co-defendants in the slaying. Orlando Esiesa Tobar, 29, admitted to helping kill Conzuelo “Nicole” Solorio-Romero, 25, in February 2021, according to Salt Lake City NBC affiliate KSL-TV .

As previously reported, the victim had been abducted and forced into a vehicle by two armed men.

Tobar’s attorney, Neal Hamilton, reportedly said it was his client with Solorio-Romero getting into a car. Jorge Rafael Medina-Reyes, 21, was allegedly in the driver’s seat.

Conzuelo-Nicole-Solorio-Romero was kidnapped and murder in February 2021. Six peoplee were charged in her death. (Image: Unified Police Department of Greater Salt Lake)

“Witnesses reported seeing Mr. Tobar escorting Ms. Romero into the residence at knifepoint, followed by Medina-Reyes and Vela,” Hamilton said. “Waiting inside the residence were Carolina Marquez, Fernando Marquez, and Ivan Acosta.”

Court papers depict the alleged killers interrogating Solorio-Romero, with Tobar having Reyes stand behind the victim.

Tobar allegedly asked the woman what she told police regarding a case which ended with federal authorities taking a “close” associate of his into custody. Authorities say Solorio-Romero denied speaking to law enforcement, but as the documents paraphrased it, Tobar allegedly said she “knew too much” and was not going to leave the apartment.

Court papers cited by Salt Lake City-based CBS affiliate KUTV provide a glimpse into what the woman knew: Solerio-Romero allegedly told one of the witnesses that “her husband did not commit suicide as the witness believed, but was murdered by these two (Tobar and Medina-Reyes).”

Tobar allegedly moved his head. Reyes shot Solorio-Romero in the back of hers, authorities said.

She was later shot again when she did not immediately die, police say.

Tobar faces 15 years to life in prison at a sentencing set for July 22. Medina-Reyes is scheduled for a possible plea change in June, according to Salt Lake City-based ABC affiliate KTVX .

The murder and kidnapping cases against Fernando Marquez and Carolina Marquez are ongoing. So are the obstruction of justice and abuse or desecration of a dead human body cases against Ivan Acosta and Cristian Morales.

More Law&Crime coverage: NBA G League player and his girlfriend kidnapped and murdered young woman who was found dead in desert, police say

The post Murderer implicates co-defendant while pleading guilty to woman’s brutal kidnapping and death first appeared on Law & Crime .

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Key stage 2 tests: 2024 English reading test materials

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AQA GCSE ENGLISH LITERATURE WRITING MACBETH ESSAYS PPT

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AQA GCSE English Literaturee - How to write a ‘Macbeth’ (William Shakespeare) essay.

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Crime Fiction and Communism

In 1971, when the Cuban government launched the Anniversary of the Triumph of the Revolution Crime Fiction award, local literary critics were acutely aware of the genre’s roots in a capitalist setting. Yet, José Antonio Portuondo considered that crime fiction could serve a purpose within a Communist framework of life, provided it underwent adaptation to suit the new context. Over the following years, Cuban journals published numerous programmatic texts aimed at guiding writers willing to produce what would be termed Revolutionary crime fiction. Similar adjustments took place in other Soviet bloc countries, albeit with varying degrees of success and popularity. While crime fiction from the Soviet Union, East Germany, and Hungary are perhaps the most well-known cases, Poland, Romania and Czechoslovakia also produced significant crime narratives. At the same, however, some Communist leaders loathed the genre: Stalin deemed it “the most naked expression of bourgeois society’s fundamental ideas on property” and Mao banned crime fiction.

Simultaneously, several prominent crime fiction writers from Capitalist backgrounds have identified themselves as Communists at various points in their lives, including Dashiell Hammett, Ed Lacy, Andrea Camilleri, Manuel Vázquez Montalbán, Maj Sjöwall, Per Wahlöö, Henning Mankell, Frédéric Fajardie, Thierry Jonquet, among others.

Likewise, a number of Marxist thinkers have analysed the genre. Antonio Gramsci, for instance, included some reflections on detective fiction in his Prison Notebooks, while Trotskyite author Ernest Mandel extensively explored the genre in his Delightful Murder. A Social History of the Crime Story (curiously omitting any mention of crime fiction from the Soviet Bloc). More recently, Stephen Knight has established the relationship between social ideology and genre conventions and Slavoj Žižek has discussed Swedish crime fiction.

Despite all of this, the relationship between crime fiction and Communism remains largely understudied and lacks comprehensive analysis.We are compiling a collection of essays that seek to address the intersection of Communism and crime fiction narratives. Essays with a multinational approach, and dealing with crime fiction generated outside Anglo-American areas are encouraged. Survey essays are discouraged. Possible areas of research may include, but are not limited, to:

Crime fiction written in communist areas

Crime fiction by communist authors living in capitalist areas

Crime fiction set in communist areas

Crime fiction dealing with communist to-post communist transition

Approaches to crime fiction by Marxist thinkers

International circulation of communist crime fiction

Crime television series in communist countries 

Crime fiction that deals with the idea of youth and communism

Youth literature, crime fiction and communism

Advice for contributors

If you are interested in contributing to this collection, we ask that you submit an abstract of up to 300 words explaining the focus and approach to your proposed essay. Include an author bio of 200 words listing your current professional affiliation as well any relevant previous publications and other qualifications. Each final contribution should be around 7000 words, including bibliography. 

Abstracts should be emailed to  [email protected] or [email protected]  

Abstract submission deadline: 15 September 2024.

Authors notified of acceptance: 29 November 2024. 

Full paper submission deadline: 1 April 2025.

About the editors

Dr Carlos Uxo is Senior Lecturer in Spanish and Latin American Studies at Monash University, Australia. He is the author of El género policial en Cuba: Novela policial revolucionaria, neopolicial y teleseries (Peter Lang: 2021), and editor of The Detective Fiction of Leonardo Padura Fuentes (Manchester Metropolitan University: 2006). He has also published close to fifty academic articles and book chapters, including “Cuban Crime Fiction: A Literature for the (Communist) Masses” (Journal of Iberian and Latin American Research, 2019) and “Crime Fiction and Authoritarianism” (Routledge Companion to Crime Fiction, 2020).

Dr Isabel Story is Senior Lecturer in Visual Communications at Nottingham Trent University, UK. She is the author of Soviet Influence on Cuban Cultural Institutions 1961-1987 (Lexington 2019) and has edited books on Cuban disaster preparedness (Disaster Preparedness and Climate Change in Cuba, 2021) and social politics (Cuba’s Forgotten Decade, 2018). She specialises in the international projection of Cuban culture and in particular in cultural relations between Cuba and the Soviet Union and East Germany, the role of cultural heritage, and international collaboration. 

'Justice brings closure': Almost 4 years later, slain woman's boyfriend arrested

This story contains mention of domestic violence. Abuse can be reported by calling the  National Domestic Violence Hotline at 1-800-799-7233 (SAFE) or 1-800-787-3224 (TTY). 

INDIANAPOLIS — Tricia Platt and her family have waited nearly four years.  

On Oct. 9, 2020, her niece, Brittany Burns, was found unresponsive in a home on the southeast side of Indianapolis. She did not survive.

People around her blamed alcohol withdrawal. Five months later, a ruling announced by the Marion County Coroner’s Office provided a much graver account : Burns' death was a homicide from asphyxia.

The grief was “unbelievable,” Platt described. From then, the yearslong, strenuous effort to make sure her niece’s killer would be put behind bars began. Calls to Indianapolis’ police department, prosecutors and potential witnesses consumed Platt’s life.  

On Thursday, she learned Indianapolis police made an arrest.  

Rakeem Thompson, Burns’ boyfriend, was jailed on a preliminary murder charge in her death.  

“Joyful,” Platt said about her feelings after the arrest. "(I’m) just so relieved.”  

According to new details in an arrest affidavit, Thompson called 911 the night Burns was found and told dispatchers he believed the 31-year-old “passed away” from alcohol withdrawal on the sofa in their home.  

Medics took Burns to a hospital, where she died 10 days later. In March 2021, the coroner’s office determined she was killed.  

Witnesses: An ‘amicable’ relationship turned violent 

Early in the investigation, a detective learned Thompson, 32, asked his property managers if he could break his lease early while Burns remained in the hospital. When asked why, he responded he wanted to move closer to his job on the west side and Burns was moving back to Chicago. The manager agreed to break the lease, the affidavit stated.  

A detective in the report said they attempted to interview Thompson from his new home. When they knocked on the door and asked him to come downtown to give a statement, he replied he “would like to get an attorney.”  

Residents near the couple’s home in the 2500 block of English Avenue estimated the couple had lived together for about a year. Their relationship seemed “amicable at first,” one witness reported.  

“As time went along, the boyfriend became disrespectful,” a witness told police.  

Neighbors told police they often heard the pair arguing and, because their window blinds were open, they saw Burns get pushed to the ground several times.  

In December 2021, one neighbor recalled hearing the couple arguing the day Burns was found unresponsive. The witness told police that several seconds into the fight, they heard a thud that shook their residence. They said police and ambulances showed up about 10 minutes later and Burns was taken to a hospital. She never came back, they said.

Court records show a warrant for Thompson's arrest was approved this week. He's scheduled to first appear in court May 28.

Closure to a case

Platt said an arrest in her niece’s case brought her to tears multiple times.  

“I’m just so relieved,” she said. “Justice helps closure."  

When Burns was born, Platt said she was the first person to hold her. She's now helping Burns again through visits with her teen son.

Contact reporter Sarah Nelson at [email protected]