thesis about lean construction

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Implementation of lean practices in the construction industry: A systematic review

2019, Building and Environment

The implementation of lean principles and approaches is gaining grounds in the construction industry globally. However, there is no clear understanding of the number and categories of lean practices implemented and the benefits associated with it in the planning, design and construction of building and infrastructure projects. This paper relied on a systematic review of published literature in Scopus, Science Direct and Google Scholar to identify and categorize the different lean practices implemented in the construction industry and the benefits derivable from them. Totally, 102 documents published between 1996 and 2018 were reviewed and their contents analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. A total of 32 different lean practices cate-gorised into design and engineering; planning and control; construction and site management; and health and safety management were identified. The review also found that the last planner system and just-in-time were the top two most implemented lean practices and about 20 different economic, social and environmental benefits were linked to the implementation of lean practices in the construction industry. This review is instructive that lean practices have good prospects for enhancing the productivity of the construction industry and achieving sustainable built environment, but a critical mass uptake and sustained implementation are required to attain these goals.

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The use of Lean Construction (LC) practices has gradually spread in the construction industry. Accordingly, mechanisms are necessary to evaluate their use so as to facilitate identifying strengths and weaknesses in the LC implementation process. This paper presents a protocol for assessing the use of LC practices, which has distinctive characteristics, such as: (a) assigning weighting factors to each practice, according to their degree of importance as attributed by the perceptions of seven experts; (b) establishing explicit conceptual links between each practice and lean principles, (c) selecting practices to be included in the protocol based on a systematic review of the LC literature; and (d) the use of multiple sources of evidence to carry out the assessment, which increases the credibility of the results. The protocol comprises 103 LC practices, distributed over 15 categories. This paper reports the application of the protocol in a residential building project, which allowed id...

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The 4th World Construction Symposium 2015: Sustainable Development in the Built Environment: Green Growth and Innovative Directions- © Ceylon Institute of Builders - Sri Lanka- ISSN: 2362-0919

Upeksha Madanayake

Lean thinking has now become a radical philosophy that has permeated and expanded in to several sectors other than just manufacturing. The concept of Lean thinking evolves the optimization of work flow related functions and the possible outcomes with its contribution to sustainable construction. Correspondingly, application of lean theories and principles in to construction sector has the potential to improve the quality of work, aggravate the function related effectiveness, minimize the cost components/ waste and increase the overall profit in both strategic and operational levels. Apparently, it appears that the lean techniques have immensely contributed for many possible cost reductions compared with the traditional project management techniques. However, few barriers for the implementation of lean principles are also on the contrary. The research aims to investigate the effects of Lean Construction applications while identifying the prevailing barriers related to the same. The research has exploited qualitative methods to explore the aforementioned research question. This paper presents an exploratory study from extent literature, predominantly based on a case study of a project management organization whereas the arguments were strengthened and underpinned by the formation of a conceptual framework to explore the contribution of implementing lean construction techniques in sustainable construction. The research findings would ultimately help different stakeholders on applying lean theories in to practice. Keywords: Integrated Project Delivery System; Last Planner; Lean Construction; Lean Manufacturing.

Harri Haapasalo

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This article will focus on a new philosophy that will revolutionize the different core of the construction sector: Lean Management in construction; Lean Construction. We aim to synthesize some works, articles and results of in-depth scientific research of this new approach

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1PG student, Sona College of Technology, Salem, Tamilnadu. 2Assistant Professor, Sona College of Technology, Salem, Tamilnadu. --------------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract The construction industry globally faced with challenges of time overrun, frequent deadlines delays, cost overrun, and material wastage. It has been observed many times that the productivity of the construction depleting which leads to rework and produces many wastes such as inventory, unnecessary transportation, over production, workers displacement, defects, over processing, waiting of materials, unused employee creativity, work accidents, etc. In order to address these challenges, the lean construction approach has been adopted in the construction industry. The main aim of Lean construction approach is helping organizations achieving the overall goals in a construction project lifecycle by adding...

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Please note you do not have access to teaching notes, an empirical study of the impact of lean construction techniques on sustainable construction in the uk.

Construction Innovation

ISSN : 1471-4175

Article publication date: 6 January 2014

The contribution of lean construction techniques in sustainable construction cannot be over emphasised, as sustainable development is now enshrined in government policy. In addition, lean construction is now faced with the challenges of sustainable development, continuous improvement, waste elimination, a stronger user focus, increased value for money along with high quality management of projects and supply chains, and improved communications. This paper presents an exploratory study from extant literature and the results of the use of questionnaire survey among construction participants to explore the contribution of implementing lean construction techniques in sustainable construction.

Design/methodology/approach

Surveys of UK-based construction professional were conducted. The data collected were analysed with SPSS 19.0 version software using the percentile method, Cronbach ' s α reliability test, Kruskal Wallis test, Kendall ' s coefficient of concordance and one sample t -test.

Results from this study indicate that there are several benefits associated with implementation of lean construction and sustainable construction. The overall perspective of professionals within the construction industry, according to questionnaire survey, shows that benefits such as improved corporate image and sustainable competitive advantage, improved process flow and productivity, improvement in environmental quality and increased compliance with customer ' s expectations are realised following integration of principles of lean construction and sustainable construction within construction industry. Just-in-time, visualisation tool, value analysis, daily huddle meetings and value stream mapping are the most common lean tools/techniques for enabling sustainability. This study also identified several areas of linkage between lean and sustainability such as waste reduction, environmental management, value maximisation, and health and safety improvement among others.

Originality/value

The originality of this paper lies in its consideration of lean construction principles to better understand its impact on sustainable construction. This research contributes to the awareness of the benefits that can be derived from the implementation of lean construction in sustainable construction within the construction industry.

• Sustainability
• Sustainable construction
• Lean construction

Ogunbiyi, O. , Goulding, J.S. and Oladapo, A. (2014), "An empirical study of the impact of lean construction techniques on sustainable construction in the UK", Construction Innovation , Vol. 14 No. 1, pp. 88-107. https://doi.org/10.1108/CI-08-2012-0045

Emerald Group Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2014, Emerald Group Publishing Limited

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A Plethysm Formulation for Operadic Structures and its Relationship to the Plus Construction

We first introduce several families of monoidal categories with plethysm products as their monoidal products and use this to describe operadic structures as plethysm monoids. In order to link this approach with the classical theory, we give a generalization of the Baez-Dolan plus construction. We then show that an operadic structure can be defined as a plethysm monoid if its associated Feynman category is a plus construction of a unique factorization category.

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• Doctor of Philosophy
• Mathematics

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• West Lafayette

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Additional committee member 2, additional committee member 3, additional committee member 4, usage metrics.

• Category theory, k theory, homological algebra

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Eyeing Trump, but on the Fence: How Tuned-Out Voters Could Decide 2024

Politically disengaged Americans are increasingly Trump-curious, but President Biden has a shot at winning some of them back. Reaching them in a changed media environment will be his challenge.

• Share full article

By Katie Glueck and Nick Corasaniti

Joe Perez is exactly the type of voter President Biden and former President Donald J. Trump are fighting over: A 22-year-old Hispanic man in Las Vegas who grew up leaning Republican, he also supports abortion rights and was turned off by the Capitol rioters on Jan. 6, 2021.

But Mr. Perez — unenthusiastic about a Biden-Trump rematch, overwhelmed by the news and disillusioned by politics — is tuning out.

“If you ask me right now what’s going on with, like, the presidential race, or the situation in Gaza or Ukraine or whatever, I don’t think I can answer,” said Mr. Perez, who supported Mr. Trump in 2020 and is intrigued by Robert F. Kennedy Jr. now. “I’m not trying to follow that anymore.”

Instead, said Mr. Perez, a valet who hopes to become a firefighter, “I’m just going to have to roll with the punches, because I don’t think I’m going to make a difference.”

In fact, people like him could be quite important.

Politically disengaged Americans are emerging as one of the most unpredictable, complex and potentially influential groups of voters in the 2024 race. They are fueling Mr. Trump’s current polling leads but in many cases hail from traditionally Democratic communities, giving Mr. Biden a chance to win some of them back — if he can get their attention.

No shortage of events could jolt alienated voters over the next five months, starting with a verdict in the first criminal trial of a former president in American history , which could arrive this week. Even though many of these people are historically infrequent voters, those who do cast ballots could make the difference in an inevitably close race.

But reaching them is a problem. Campaigns up and down the ballot are operating in an ever-more-fragmented media landscape where misinformation thrives — spread especially by Mr. Trump and his allies — and basic facts are often ignored, disputed or filtered through a partisan lens.

“People have really separated into their own information cul-de-sacs,” said former Representative Stephanie Murphy, a Florida Democrat. “It’s harder now to reach people than it was in previous elections because of that disaggregated or decentralized information network.”

‘When your team’s losing, you don’t read the sports page’

In a presidential election in which more than 80 percent of voters, according to a Pew Research Center survey , say they wish one or both major candidates were not running, some are opting out of straight-ahead political news entirely.

That is evident in polling about current events.

Recent New York Times/Siena College/Philadelphia Inquirer surveys found that nearly 20 percent of voters in battleground states said Mr. Biden was responsible for ending the constitutional right to abortion, even though it was Mr. Trump’s choices for the Supreme Court who helped overturn Roe v. Wade.

Almost half of the country believes the unemployment rate is at a 50-year high, a Harris poll conducted for The Guardian found , even though it is near a 50-year low.

And in a recent Politico-Morning Consult poll, voters were divided over who had done more to “promote infrastructure improvements and job creation.” Mr. Biden signed a $1 trillion infrastructure bill into law , while Mr. Trump repeatedly failed to advance the issue .

“When your team’s losing, you don’t read the sports page after the game,” said Ken Goldstein, a professor of politics at the University of San Francisco. “You have a big swath of the country that just thinks they’re losing when it comes to politics, and so the way to deal with that is to just not pay attention.”

Low-information voters are hardly a new phenomenon: Landmark studies dating back nearly 80 years have found that the public is often uninformed on key issues.

And many Americans are indeed following this contest.

A Gallup survey released this month showed that 71 percent said they had given “quite a lot” of thought to the upcoming presidential election, in keeping with findings around this time in 2020 and 2008.

‘People out here are struggling’

Voters who are paying less attention, pollsters say, tend to be younger or more working-class, and are more likely to engage late in the race, if they do at all.

“It’s not that politics is unimportant to them, but they have other priorities,” said Whit Ayres, a veteran Republican pollster. “Turning out the low-information voters who favor your candidate is one of the major tasks of political consultants.”

An NBC News poll conducted last month found that 15 percent of voters surveyed said they did not follow political news closely. Among those voters, Mr. Trump had an edge of 26 percentage points over Mr. Biden.

By contrast, among voters who primarily consume news through newspapers, national network and cable news — 54 percent of those surveyed — Mr. Biden was up by 11 points.

Mr. Trump’s commanding lead among the politically disengaged underscores how hard it may be for Mr. Biden to translate his record and vision into a galvanizing and attention-grabbing message for these voters, some of whom are firmly committed to Mr. Trump.

But some Democrats also see an opportunity.

“A single piece of information might have a radical impact on them, because they are by definition low-information,” former Mayor Bill de Blasio of New York said.

Pointing to subjects like Mr. Trump’s record on abortion rights or Mr. Biden’s work to lower the cost of insulin for older people, he added: “That doesn’t take a lot of explaining. It takes focusing people, it takes jolting them, but these are not complex points to get across.”

Mr. Trump also remains unpopular , and Democrats are betting that he will grow weaker as more voters see reminders of what they disliked about him.

Republicans, however, note that most Americans drew conclusions about Mr. Trump and Mr. Biden years ago — and that many voters are not following the former president’s provocations closely.

“Trump, I think he gets up there and talks a lot of stuff,” said Carla Williams, 50, of Detroit.

But Ms. Williams, who said she was often too busy with her work at an auto factory and a hotel to follow the news closely, said she was considering him anyway. She faulted Mr. Biden, whom she said she supported in 2020, for the high cost of living.

“People out here are struggling,” she said. “Everything is expensive.”

For voters who pay less attention to the news, “short-term forces” tend to play a dominant role in their thinking about politics, said Christopher H. Achen, an emeritus professor of politics at Princeton University.

“If the price of eggs goes up, they’re more likely to vote against the incumbent, even if the incumbent has nothing to do with the price of eggs,” he said.

Those are among the concerns driving Paul Ferando, 61, of Henderson, Nev., to consider voting for the first time, he said.

“You go to the grocery store, 150 bucks for one bag,” said Mr. Ferando, who works in construction and said he was too busy to closely follow the news. “It’s a joke.”

He added of Mr. Trump, “This year I might vote just to make sure he gets in.”

‘The only night where you’re not yelling at each other about the election’

Many Americans now consume political news through social media, and TikTok’s emergence has greatly accelerated that trend.

By 2023, almost a third of people aged 18 to 29 were regularly getting news from TikTok , a hub for liberal causes that has also had an uptick of pro-Trump influencers since the last election.

The nature of social media — fast-moving and sometimes driven by unreliable narrators or bad actors — means that large audiences are more vulnerable to misinformation.

“I don’t really dig into it very much,” said Dean Citroni, 30, of Newnan, Ga., who works in TV and film production and said he predominantly got political news from Facebook or TikTok. Mr. Citroni, who said he would “probably” lean toward Mr. Trump over Mr. Biden but was interested in Mr. Kennedy, added, “Somebody posts a reel of it, I’m probably looking at it, going: ‘Huh! Can’t believe that!’”

And even as young voters get much of their information from individualized social media feeds, while cable news often reinforces partisan instincts, Americans have fewer cultural connections to unite them.

The era of major-network, prime-time TV hits has given way to pay-walled streaming services. Music has moved into personalized, app-driven experiences. Instagram and TikTok algorithms pelt people with unending, individualized streams of content.

And Americans’ shared vocabulary — and shared set of facts — is shrinking.

“It used to be that you could reach practically every voter through conventional electronic media, radio and television,” said Representative Dan Kildee, a Michigan Democrat. Now, he said: “You can’t really even just reach them through the more popular social media platforms. The splintering of information, the way people consume information, it’s much more difficult.”

Darrell Hammond, the comedian and former “Saturday Night Live” cast member, said those realities were even changing the nature of political comedy.

“You’d like to think that in order to laugh at a joke, the crowd has to basically understand the premise and agree with it to some extent,” he said. “But now, you have blanket generalizations only.”

Kal Penn, an actor who worked in the Obama administration, said he challenged himself to bridge the divide through humor.

“I love making something that your crazy uncle can watch with you on Thanksgiving,” he said. “And it’s like the only night where you’re not yelling at each other about the election.”

Katie Glueck covers American politics with a focus on the Democratic Party. More about Katie Glueck

Nick Corasaniti is a Times reporter covering national politics, with a focus on voting and elections. More about Nick Corasaniti

Our Coverage of the 2024 Election

Presidential Race: News and Analysis

Donald Trump’s conviction plunges the country into unmapped political terrain , a rare moment that could reshuffle a 2024 race that has been locked in stasis and defined by a polarizing former president.

After Trump’s verdict, interviews with dozens of Democrats revealed a party hungry to tell voters that Trump’s conviction makes him unfit for office , and hopeful that President Biden will lead the way.

In his first public outing since the verdict, Trump attended a U.F.C. fight in New Jersey and reveled in the embrace of male fans .

Flip-Flopping on Abortion:  Republicans in competitive Senate races have changed their approach on the issue of abortion , softening their rhetoric, shifting their positions and even embracing policies championed by Democrats.

New Jersey Primary:  For decades, New Jersey’s House and Senate primary elections were typically low-drama affairs. But this year’s dozen contests involve considerable intrigue .

Clashing Appeals to Black Voters:  Biden and Trump both see Black outreach as critical to winning in November. But their approaches differ in fundamental and revealing ways .