phd in molecular biology in uk

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PhD/MPhil Molecular Biology / Overview

Year of entry: 2024

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We require applicants to hold, or be about to obtain, an Upper Second class Honours degree, or the equivalent qualification gained outside the UK, in a related subject area for entry to a PhD programme. A Lower Second class Honours degree may be considered if applicants also hold a Master's degree with a Merit classification.

Full entry requirements

See full guidance on how to choose a project and submit an application on our websi te . You should then complete the online admissions application form to apply for this programme. Ensure you include all required supporting documents at the time of submission, or this may delay the processing of your application.

Application deadlines

You must submit your application for a postgraduate research programme before the relevant deadline to be considered. You will not be able to apply after these deadlines have passed.

• January entry: 15 October (of the year prior entry)
• April entry: 15 January (year of entry)
• September entry: 15 June (year of entry)

Programme options

Programme overview.

• Learn from some of Europe's leading researchers while undertaking your own project.
• Access some of the best research facilities in the world at both the University and in hospitals around Greater Manchester.
• Undergo training in transferable skills critical to developing early-stage researchers and professionals through the Doctoral Academy's training programme.
• Conduct research at a university ranked 6th in the UK (QS World University Rankings 2023).

For entry in the academic year beginning September 2024, the tuition fees are as follows:

• PhD (full-time) UK students (per annum): Standard £4,786, Low £11,000, Medium £17,500, High £23,000 International, including EU, students (per annum): Standard £27,000, Low £28,500, Medium £34,500, High £40,500

Further information for EU students can be found on our dedicated EU page.

Contact details

Programmes in related subject areas.

Use the links below to view lists of programmes in related subject areas.

• Biosciences

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The University of Manchester is regulated by the Office for Students (OfS). The OfS aims to help students succeed in Higher Education by ensuring they receive excellent information and guidance, get high quality education that prepares them for the future and by protecting their interests. More information can be found at the OfS website .

You can find regulations and policies relating to student life at The University of Manchester, including our Degree Regulations and Complaints Procedure, on our regulations website .

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PhD in Biological Science (EBI)

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Established in 1983, the EMBL International PhD Programme provides students with the best starting platform for a successful career in science. Characterised by first-class training, internationality, dedicated mentoring and early independence in research, it is among the world's most competitive PhD training schemes in molecular biology. All of EMBL's six outstations participate in the programme.

EMBL-EBI provides a highly collaborative, interdisciplinary environment in which research and service provision are closely allied. We are a world leader in bioinformatics research and service provision, as we are at the centre of global efforts to collect and disseminate biological data. We share a campus with the Wellcome Sanger Institute, 12 miles south of Cambridge in the United Kingdom. EMBL PhD students at EMBL-EBI are members of the University of Cambridge and one of its Colleges. They receive their degree from Cambridge University; the programme is coordinated in Heidelberg with local support at EBI. Please visit the EMBL International PhD Programme  pages to learn about how to apply. Please note all applicants must secure a place on the EMBL programme before submitting an application to the University of Cambridge.

EMBL PhD students receive theoretical and practical training and conduct a research project under the supervision of an EMBL faculty member, monitored by a thesis advisory committee. The duration of PhD studies is normally three-and-a-half to four years.

In Year 1 all new PhD students will attend the EMBL Predoctoral Core Course in Molecular Biology in Heidelberg; attend Primers for Predocs; undergo nomination of a thesis advisory committee to monitor student progress, and submit and defend a project proposal.

In Year 2 students will need to submit a second annual report to the thesis advisory committee, participate in the Bioinformatics course and predoc seminar day.

In Year 3 students will need to submit a third annual report to the thesis advisory committee.

In Years 3/4 students will need to write and submit their thesis:  PhD awarded following Degree Committee approval and successful completion of an oral examination.

The Postgraduate Virtual Open Day usually takes place at the end of October. It’s a great opportunity to ask questions to admissions staff and academics, explore the Colleges virtually, and to find out more about courses, the application process and funding opportunities. Visit the  Postgraduate Open Day  page for more details.

See further the  Postgraduate Admissions Events  pages for other events relating to Postgraduate study, including study fairs, visits and international events.

Key Information

3-4 years full-time, study mode : research, doctor of philosophy, european bioinformatics institute, course - related enquiries, application - related enquiries, course on department website, dates and deadlines:, lent 2024 (closed).

Some courses can close early. See the Deadlines page for guidance on when to apply.

Easter 2024 (Closed)

Michaelmas 2024 (closed), easter 2025, similar courses.

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PhD Postgraduate research in Molecular Biology

Why choose this course?

PhD students at the Wolverhampton School of Sciences are supervised by academics who are leading experts in their particular area of expertise. At least one academic in each supervisory team will have a track record of successful supervisions.

The Wolverhampton School of Sciences prides itself on the levels of support provided to postgraduate research students in the course of their PhD journey. Our academics meet regularly with their supervisees, and work closely with them at all stages of the project, from inception to completion.

The University of Wolverhampton provides a collegiate research environment and first-class facilities to its PhD students, including a dedicated postgraduate research room, access to the University’s Harrison Learning Centre and leading databases in the electronic resources.

Postgraduate research students are encouraged to present their research to University academics and fellow PhD students at colloquia within the Wolverhampton School of Sciences, which provide an encouraging and friendly environment for students to sharpen their research and presentation skills.

Our postgraduate research students are afforded the opportunity to develop their research skills through participation in training events organised by the Faculty of Science and Engineering and the University’s Doctoral College.

What happens on the course?

The PhD programme in the School has the following three milestones:

Registration

Progression

Examination

Applicants who satisfy the entry requirements are encouraged to complete the online 'Expression of Interest' form. If the initial application is satisfactory, a conditional offer will be issued and a potential supervisor will be allocated who will provide guidance on the research proposal development.

An interview will take place when the final draft of the research proposal is submitted for approval. The granting of the interview does not imply that the applicant will necessarily be admitted to a research degree programme. Subject to the satisfactory interview and that the Faculty Research Committee (FRC) is satisfied that: a) the research proposal is sound and has the potential to deliver a postgraduate research award; and b) the proposal is appropriately resourced, the applicant will be admitted to the research degree programme.

All students who wish to study for a PhD are required to complete a progression within 18 months (for full-time students) or 36 months (for part-time students). The student at the progression needs to produce a paper which summarises his/her achievements on the research programme and outlines future research plans (including research methods), and conduct an oral presentation of the paper at a workshop set up for the progression purpose.

An independent assessor, nominated by the FRC, reviews the paper produced, together with supervisors’ assessment, the student’s presentation and other evidence. On this basis, the assessor will provide evaluative comments and recommendations to the FRC. Upon considering all aspects, the FRC may recommend that the student a) proceed as proposed; b) proceed subject to changes or amendments being made, addressing the concerns raised; c) be placed 'at risk'; or d) change the research degree originally sought.

Towards the end of the research programme, the student will be examined on the basis of a thesis and an oral examination (viva voce). Normally two qualified examiners are appointed, at least one of whom is external to the institution. If the student is a member of staff at the University, then a second external examiner will be appointed. Following the oral examination, the examiners will make recommendations to the University’s Research Award Sub-Committee (RASC) whether the research degree sought can be awarded.

Potential Career Paths

Research degrees in the Wolverhampton School of Sciences can provide students with opportunities in a multitude of career paths, including academia, government, non-governmental organisations and the private sector.

Additional Information

Everything you need to know about this course!

Why Wolverhampton?

The University of Wolverhampton (UoW) is home to approximate 23,000 students. The UoW’s research and innovation activities have won the 2013 UK Knowledge Transfer Award, and the 2014 UK Collaborative IMPACT award. It is also the holder of the Athena Swan Bronze Award and the HR Excellence in Research Award.

What skills will you gain?

In addition to the regular supervision provided by supervisors, our PhD students will also be provided with training opportunities by the Faculty of Science and Engineering and the University’s Doctoral College.

University Research Conference – The University Research Conference is held in June for research active staff and PhD students to showcase their areas of research and exchange research initiatives. Research students are welcome to make presentations during their period of study. Research students are also encouraged to disseminate final results of their research prior to submission.

University Research Training - Students are encouraged to participate in training provided by the Doctoral College not only because of its intrinsic value but also because these sessions may facilitate meetings with post-graduates outside the school.

Teaching Skills Development - At the Wolverhampton School of Sciences, we understand that postgraduate research students wish to develop their academic CVs while with us. For this reason, research students are provided the opportunity to undergo teaching skills development. The Wolverhampton School of Sciences seeks to ensure, wherever possible, that PhD students have the opportunity to teach on relevant undergraduate modules.

Course Fees and Finance

The University is committed to a transparent fee structure , with no hidden costs, to help you make an informed decision. This includes information on what is included in the fee and how fees are calculated and reviewed

  Applicants for a research degree shall normally hold either:

 • a first or upper second class honours degree, or

 • a master’s degree, or

 • evidence of prior practice or learning that is accepted by the Dean of Research.

Applicants must demonstrate proficiency in English at least to the level of an IELTS score (or equivalent) of 7.0, with no individual element less than 6.0. The only exemption to this is for students who are not required to do so as per UKVI regulations: https://www.gov.uk/student-visa/knowledge-of-english. 

Financial support for research study:

Before applying, you should consider carefully how you will finance your studies for the duration of your programme, including tuition fees, research support fees and living costs.

Government loans (Home Fee Status):

Government loans are available for postgraduate research students of up to £28,673, to cover fees and living expenses. More information can be found at Doctoral-loans website.

Studying in the UK: Guidance for EU students

For 2021/22 new entrants, EU, other EEA and Swiss nationals will no longer be eligible for home fee status and financial support from Student Finance England.

Self-funded:

We are able to take payments in instalments, to spread out the cost of your studies, and it is possible to switch between full-time and part-time modes of study. For more information go to How to pay.

Postgraduate Research Loyalty Discount:

To students progressing from an undergraduate programme and/or a taught postgraduate programme to a postgraduate research programme, where both courses are University of Wolverhampton Awards.

There is no time limit on how long ago you completed your degree and/or Masters level qualification, as long as the new award is at a higher level.

Research councils:

The UK Research and Innovation funds postgraduate study in all subject areas on a discretionary basis.

University Research Studentships:

Other sources:

Dennis Turner Opportunity Fund.

You can find more information on the University’s Funding, cost, fee and support pages.

01902 32 22 22

[email protected]

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Make it happen

Related courses, your recently viewed courses recently viewed.

Molecular Biosciences (Microbiology) Integrated PhD

Most students complete this programme in 4 years full-time.

This is a specialised PhD Programme that follows an agreed research training model in molecular microbiology.

Students will develop an understanding of the molecular and cellular basis of life, and its applications in health, medicine or food biosecurity, preparing you for a career in research or industry.

Biosciences research has a huge impact on helping people live longer and healthier lives. With the World Economic Forum identifying healthcare as one of the top 10 Global Challenges for 2030, there is a growing demand for specialists in this field. This course provides you with an understanding of the molecular basis of biological systems and focuses on applying this knowledge to improve human health and disease, food biosecurity and sustainable biotechnologies.

With the successful completion of the programme, you will graduate with the specialist knowledge and employability skills for a career in academic, clinical, industrial or commercial sectors anywhere in the world. Recent examples of graduate roles include a Healthcare Scientist, an Analyst, a Production Technician and an Agricultural Engineer.

Find out what our research graduates go on to do

Find out about the department's research subgroup activities.

• Programme structure

Most students complete this programme in 4 years. You cannot take less than 3 years to finish your research and the maximum time you are allowed is normally 5 years.

Occasionally we make changes to our programmes in response to, for example, feedback from students, developments in research and the field of studies, and the requirements of accrediting bodies. You will be advised of any significant changes to the advertised programme, in accordance with our Terms and Conditions.

Your academic progress and general welfare will be monitored by your supervisor.

Academic milestones

• Registration
• Taught phase
• Candidature
• Confirmation
• Give notice of intention to submit a thesis / portfolio
• Submission for examination
• Examination (Viva Voce)
• Examiners report
• Final submission of thesis / portfolio
• Programme content
• Doctoral skills online
• Doctoral skills workshop
• Interaction and networking
• Laboratory sessions
• Online resources
• Practical sessions
• Research project
• Supervisory team
• Video materials

Taught content

For the Integrated PhD in Molecular Biosciences (Microbiology) programme you will be enrolled on the MSc Molecular Biosciences (Microbiology) in your first year. You will take courses at Master’s-level, where you will be expected to undertake training through two research projects and critically analyse research through seminar presentations and written work.

The unique course structure is designed in consultation with clinical and industrial partners to give you the specialist knowledge and practical skills needed for a career in molecular biosciences. You’ll gain extensive research experience by carrying out two research projects, working in dedicated postgraduate labs and with researchers from the Department of Life Sciences and our new Milner Centre for Evolution .

The course also includes a ‘Broadening horizons’ unit, giving you the opportunity to further strengthen your employability by doing a project addressing the challenges of global environment sustainability. You’ll apply your skills related to either entrepreneurship, teaching, media and communication, or public engagement.

Your MSc will be awarded upon successful completion of both the MSc and doctoral research stage of the programme. In the event you successfully complete the MSc but do not transfer to the research stage, your MSc will be awarded at the end of year 1.

Research content

Progression to your research stage in year 2 will be subject to successful completion of the MSc (with a minimum overall programme average of 50%, including 50% in the dissertation), and acceptance by a lead supervisor for the research project. Your thesis proposal and interdisciplinary supervisory team will be decided by the end of the first year. In years 2 through 4 you will conduct your PhD thesis research.

Although the registration period for an integrated PhD programme at the University of Bath is 5 years it is expected that you will submit your PhD thesis within 4 years of commencing your studies.

Professional Development

Professional development is a crucial element of doctoral study, not only in supporting your research but also as part of your longer term career development. Our DoctoralSkills workshops and courses will help you build your skills and help you succeed in your doctorate.

Read more about professional development support

Assessment methods

• Data analysis practical
• Dissertation (MSc route only)
• End point assessment
• Multiple choice examination
• Online assessment
• Practical work
• Presentations
• Written examination

Assessment description

Most research students who ‘do a PhD’ register in the first instance as probationer for the programme of PhD. Confirmation of PhD registration is subject to your passing an assessment process, which normally involves submission of written work and an oral examination.

Candidates are expected to carry out supervised research at the leading edge of their chosen subject, which must then be written up as a substantial thesis.

The final stage of the PhD programme is the oral or viva voce examination, in which students are required to defend the thesis to a Board of Examiners.

• Entry requirements

Academic requirements

At least an upper second class honours degree or equivalent.

English Language requirements

• IELTS: 6.5 overall with no less than 6.0 in all components
• The Pearson Test of English Academic (PTE Academic): 62 with no less than 59 in any element
• TOEFL IBT: 90 overall with a minimum 21 in all 4 components

You will need to get your English language qualification within 24 months prior to starting your course.

If you need to improve your English language skills before starting your studies, you may be able to take a pre-sessional course to reach the required level.

Two references are required. At least one of these should be an academic reference from the most recent place of study.

• Fees and funding

Fees and funding information for Molecular Biosciences (Microbiology) Integrated PhD

Your tuition fees and how you pay them will depend on whether you are a Home or Overseas student.

Learn how we decide fee status

Tuition fees are liable to increase annually for all University of Bath students. If you aren't paying your fees in British pounds, you should also budget for possible fluctuations in your own currency.

Find out more about student fees

Extra costs

A training support fee of £5,000 per annum is required in addition to the tuition fees - this applies from the second year of the programme onwards (this fee does not apply to your first year).

Funding options

Find funding for doctoral research

Payment options

You can pay your tuition fees by Direct Debit, debit card, credit card or bank transfer.

Paying your tuition fees

• Application information
• Programme title Molecular Biosciences (Microbiology) Integrated PhD
• Final awards MSc and PhD
• Mode of study Full-time
• Course code RSBB-AFM51
• Department Department of Life Sciences
• Location University of Bath Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY

3 months prior to the intended start date (for international applicants) or 2 months prior to the intended start date (for home applicants). For example, for an end of September start, the deadline is 30 June (international) and 31 July (home).

• Regulator The Office for Students (OfS)

Applicant profile

See our guide about how to apply for doctoral study

Selection process

All applicants need to take part in an interview and decision making process before being accepted onto this programme.

Immigration requirements

This PhD is covered by the UK Foreign & Commonwealth Office (FCO) Academic Technology Approval Scheme (ATAS). If you are an international student, you may require an ATAS certificate to join this course and you can find out more about the visa requirements for studying in the UK .

For additional support please contact the Student Immigration Service for matters related to student visas and immigration.

• Programme enquiries

Doctoral Admissions

• Apply for this programme
• Related programmes
• Molecular Biosciences (Bioinformatics) Integrated PhD full-time

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MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology

One of the world's leading research institutes, our scientists are working to advance understanding of biological processes at the molecular level - providing the knowledge needed to solve key problems in human health.

International PhD Programme

Main applications for the LMB PhD programme are now closed.

Every year the LMB International PhD Programme offers 20-30 new graduate students from the UK and all over the world the opportunity to engage in cutting-edge research.

At the LMB, we aim to train the scientific leaders of the future: we seek the best students, give them rewarding and challenging research projects and provide a supportive environment with access to world-leading experts and state-of-the-art facilities.

LMB postgraduate students are registered for their PhD with the Postgraduate School of Life Sciences at the University of Cambridge – leading to a University of Cambridge PhD degree. Students registered with the University also become a member of one of the University’s colleges. This relationship, between the LMB and the University of Cambridge, gives our postgraduate students membership of two of the world’s leading research institutions.

To apply you will need to complete an application via the University of Cambridge Applicant Portal .

Before that you should browse the LMB research pages, familiarise yourself with the research projects on offer and consults our FAQs and useful links pages.

If any of your queries are not answered on these webpages please  contact us .

To receive tweets on our latest news, updates and events, please follow us: @LMB_PhD

EMBL International PhD Programme

Unique in the world and waiting for you!

The EMBL International PhD Programme (EIPP), originally established in 1983, provides PhD students with an excellent starting platform for a successful career in science by  fostering early independence and interdisciplinary research .

EMBL is dedicated to  promoting excellence  in the molecular life sciences throughout Europe. To achieve this goal, we inspire and train talented young scientists to become skilled and creative future leaders in academia, industry and other sectors.

The EIPP provides comprehensive interdisciplinary training, maintaining a careful balance between theory and practice, close mentoring and creative freedom, collaborative teamwork and independence. These key characteristics make the EIPP a  role model , which has inspired similar programmes at research institutions throughout Europe and the world.

The  enriching  encounter of different nationalities, the  friendly and collaborative atmosphere , and the  passion for science  is what unites EMBL’s diverse staff and provides the ideal setting to forge long-lasting connections and make studying at EMBL a unique formative experience.

Acceptance rate of applicants                                                      

New PhD students admitted each year

Nationalities represented among PhD students

Average time to submission of thesis                                          

First-author papers  per  PhD student                      

Completion rate of thesis among PhD students                            

Application

Two recruitment rounds are organised each year across all EMBL sites. The application deadlines and all relevant information are published well in advance.

Registration for the 2024 PhD Summer Recruitment is now closed.

The next call for applications will open in September 2024.

Programme Overview

Explore the structure and content of the EMBL International PhD Programme.

Research at EMBL

Find out more about the cutting-edge Research Topics investigated across our different Research Units .

The complexity of current biological research questions increasingly calls for interdisciplinary approaches . To prepare our students for this challenge, the EIPP puts great emphasis on bringing together different fields of expertise: we actively encourage candidates with backgrounds in chemistry, physics, mathematics, molecular medicine, computer science or engineering to apply and work closely with biologists to answer fundamental questions in life sciences.

PHD Symposium

Since its first edition in 2000, the annual EMBL International PhD Symposium in Heidelberg developed into a well-recognized and highly appreciated scientific event.

It is always EMBL’s first year PhD students who take on the responsibility for the conceptual development and organization of the meeting. The symposia provide a great platform for networking and scientific exchange, featuring lectures by top-level scientists as well as plenty of opportunities for young researchers to present their work. 

See the full list of past symposia

Upcoming symposium

Power of Many: Collective Behaviour Across Scales

20 – 22 November 2023 EMBL Heidelberg

Monika Lachner

Interim Head of EICAT

Fulvio Grigolato

Project and Programme Manager

Postdoctoral Programme

ORCID: 0000-0001-5989-7260

Anna-Kreetta Alasalmi

Programme Officer / Training & Events

ORCID: 0000-0002-9375-5407

Programme Officer / Graduate Recruitment

EMBL Graduate Office

EMBL Heidelberg Meyerhofstraße 1 69117 Heidelberg Germany

Tel: +49 6221 387-8612/8896 Fax: +49 6221 387-8400 Email:   [email protected]

PhD Dynamic Molecular Cell Biology (Wellcome Trust)

One of the UK's leading institutes using advanced cell imaging to assist the study of cell biology

  Why study dynamic molecular cell biology?

Our understanding and treatment of human disease is increasingly dependent on research undertaken by cell biologists.

While human genomics can identify gene mutations and perturbed levels of gene expression that lie at the heart of complex diseases, simply identifying these genes is, by itself, insufficient to understand the disease process.

In order to understand gene function in a cellular and tissue/organism context, and to fully appreciate a cellular process, it is vital to examine its dynamics in living cells, tissues and organisms. Only then is it possible to validate new protein targets for which rational drug design may help reduce aspects of the disease pathology.

How to apply

Why study at Bristol?

The University of Bristol is one of the UK’s leading institutes using advanced cell imaging to assist the study of cell biology. Underpinned by these core facilities, we have designed our programme to provide an intentionally broad research framework, drawing on the expertise of a wide range of specialists across the faculty. This gives you the freedom to focus on research that most interests you while being able to explore varied, supporting aspects of cellular and molecular biology.

We offer you the invaluable opportunity of joining an exceptional scientific environment at the beginning of your research career, helping you to develop the intellectual and practical knowledge required to study modern cell biology and, importantly, how to apply and translate this to human disease.

What funding does the programme provide?

This programme is fully-funded by the  Wellcome Trust . The Trust provides funding to cover PhD programme fees at UK/EU student rate, research expenses, a stipend for living expenses, contribution towards travel and a contribution towards transferable-skills training.

Programme details

Key admissions information, including overview, structure, core research areas, eligibility criteria and more.

Our students

• Student profiles
• Research outputs
• Achievement Roundup! (January - June 2023) 13 June 2023
• Wellcome Away Day 2022! 3 November 2022
• Wellcome Trust student achievement round-up – 2022 (January - July) 21 July 2022

A great programme where the first-year rotations allow you to experience different labs and learn a whole range of interesting techniques before settling into your PhD project.

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Biological Sciences PhD

Awards: PhD

Study modes: Full-time

Funding opportunities

Programme website: Biological Sciences

Upcoming Introduction to Postgraduate Study and Research events

Join us online on the 19th June or 26th June to learn more about studying and researching at Edinburgh.

Choose your event and register

Research profile

Based in King's Buildings Campus at the University of Edinburgh, our staff and students within the School of Biological Sciences are the modern inheritors of a 400-year-old reputation for excellence with Nobel laureates among our notable alumni.

Currently at the leading edge in teaching, research and innovation, we are ranked top 5 in the UK and top 30 in the world for biological sciences in both the QS and Times Higher Education world university rankings (2024).

Key to our success is the highly dynamic and supportive research environment we offer our postgraduate research community; we offer students the tools and confidence they need to make a lasting, positive impact in our world.

Within the School our research is clustered into six large research institutes:

• Institute of Cell Biology
• Institute of Ecology and Evolution
• Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences
• Institute of Immunology & Infection
• Institute for Stem Cell Research (Centre for Regenerative Medicine)
• Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology

Join our community and undertake a specialised research project under the guidance of two experienced and well-published supervisors. Our staff have a wide range of research interests and we strongly encourage interdisciplinary research, working closely with physical sciences, engineering, medical and veterinary sciences.

Programme structure

Our PhD programmes are available as full-time or part-time study. The full-time route is 36 months and part-time 72 months, with study normally commencing in October. Both modes of study have an optional additional 12 months, commonly used to write up the final thesis.

The first year of PhD studies is probationary. Your supervisor will identify your training needs and invite you to attend relevant training as appropriate. To successfully progress onto the next year of study students must pass an annual review.

Annual reviews

Students submit a 10-week report and a 10-month report, both assessed by the thesis committee. Each committee comprises of the student's supervisory team, the committee chair, and up to two additional academic staff members.

The 10-week report is a short report outlining the project, with the 10-month report an extended version that includes a literature survey. While meeting their thesis committee, students deliver an oral presentation of their work.

Students complete a presentation during the School’s annual Poster Day. Academic staff and peers review presentations, with feedback discussed with the thesis committee during a 2nd year review meeting.

Students deliver a presentation to academic staff and their peers, traditionally during their Institute’s annual symposium. They also submit a thesis plan for their 3rd year review meeting that contains a timetable for completion, content listings of each chapter, completed work and highlighting outstanding tasks.

To be awarded a PhD, students must submit their final thesis and defend it in an oral examination (assessed according to the University's regulations).

Training and support

We encourage support in a range of academic subjects, transferable skills and personal development. All students who join the programme will have access to our core training and development programme or our specialist cohort-programmes (e.g. EASTBIO).

Our training environment is highly dynamic, with students learning through hands-on, laboratory-based projects as well as guided reading, one-to-one supervision, group seminars, societies and workshops.

The University of Edinburgh Main Library, open to all students, has one of the largest and most important collections in Britain. It has some two million items including the latest publications, key texts, and rare books.

The School of Biological Sciences is based wholly within King's Buildings and in close proximity to the Noreen and Kenneth Murray Library, well stocked with specialist literature, subscription databases and group study rooms and silent study spaces.

Students, dependent on their field of study, will also have access to a range of specialist laboratories and equipment, and state-of-the-art facilities. Examples include:

• imaging facilities including the Central Optical Instrumentation Laboratory (COIL) and Collaborative Optical Spectroscopy Micromanipulation & Imaging Centre (COSMIC)
• advanced flow cytometry facilities, including sorting and analysis
• cutting-edge proteomics facility and automated drug-screening platforms
• Edinburgh Genomics, a University-based sequencing and bioinformatics facility
• multiomics facilities
• the Edinburgh Genome Foundry
• cell culture facilities
• expertise in genomic editing (animal and plant)
• animal and plant facilities

The School also has strong collaborative links to the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh to give access to an even broader range of facilities and expertise.

Postgraduate students are given their own desk space in shared student offices and have similar access to facilities available to academic and support staff. Wireless network access is available in many parts of the University campus.

Career opportunities

The School of Biological Sciences offers training events and support for all our postgraduate research students in both academic and key life skills. In collaboration with the University’s Institute of Academic Development (IAD), we also provide a supportive training programme for students hired as tutors and demonstrators.

Entry requirements

These entry requirements are for the 2024/25 academic year and requirements for future academic years may differ. Entry requirements for the 2025/26 academic year will be published on 1 Oct 2024.

A UK 2:1 honours degree, or international equivalent, in a relevant subject. You should have some research experience and be able to demonstrate that you have a good understanding of the field you propose to study.

International qualifications

Check whether your international qualifications meet our general entry requirements:

• Entry requirements by country
• English language requirements

Regardless of your nationality or country of residence, you must demonstrate a level of English language competency at a level that will enable you to succeed in your studies.

English language tests

We accept the following English language qualifications at the grades specified:

• IELTS Academic: total 6.5 with at least 6.0 in each component. We do not accept IELTS One Skill Retake to meet our English language requirements.
• TOEFL-iBT (including Home Edition): total 92 with at least 20 in each component. We do not accept TOEFL MyBest Score to meet our English language requirements.
• C1 Advanced ( CAE ) / C2 Proficiency ( CPE ): total 176 with at least 169 in each component.
• Trinity ISE : ISE II with distinctions in all four components.
• PTE Academic: total 62 with at least 59 in each component.

Your English language qualification must be no more than three and a half years old from the start date of the programme you are applying to study, unless you are using IELTS , TOEFL, Trinity ISE or PTE , in which case it must be no more than two years old.

Degrees taught and assessed in English

We also accept an undergraduate or postgraduate degree that has been taught and assessed in English in a majority English speaking country, as defined by UK Visas and Immigration:

• UKVI list of majority English speaking countries

We also accept a degree that has been taught and assessed in English from a university on our list of approved universities in non-majority English speaking countries (non-MESC).

• Approved universities in non-MESC

If you are not a national of a majority English speaking country, then your degree must be no more than five years old* at the beginning of your programme of study. (*Revised 05 March 2024 to extend degree validity to five years.)

Find out more about our language requirements:

• Academic Technology Approval Scheme

If you are not an EU , EEA or Swiss national, you may need an Academic Technology Approval Scheme clearance certificate in order to study this programme.

Fees and costs

Scholarships and funding.

School of Biological Sciences PhD funding

Research scholarships for international students

Edinburgh Doctoral College Scholarship

Search for scholarships and funding opportunities:

• Search for funding

Further information

• Postgraduate Research Administrator
• Phone: +44 (0)131 650 5525
• Contact: [email protected]
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Select your programme and preferred start date to begin your application.

PhD Biological Sciences - 3 Years (Full-time)

Application deadlines.

We encourage you to apply at least one month prior to entry so that we have enough time to process your application. If you are also applying for funding or will require a visa then we strongly recommend you apply as early as possible, and before the funding deadline.

• How to apply

You must submit two references with your application.

You should submit two references with your application. Before applying you should identify potential supervisors from the School of Biological Sciences and discuss your proposal.

You can find more information on how to apply at our website:

• Postgraduate research at the School of Biological Sciences

Find out more about the general application process for postgraduate programmes:

94 Best universities for Molecular Biology in the United Kingdom

Updated: February 29, 2024

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Below is a list of best universities in the United Kingdom ranked based on their research performance in Molecular Biology. A graph of 4.64M citations received by 110K academic papers made by 94 universities in the United Kingdom was used to calculate publications' ratings, which then were adjusted for release dates and added to final scores.

We don't distinguish between undergraduate and graduate programs nor do we adjust for current majors offered. You can find information about granted degrees on a university page but always double-check with the university website.

1. University of Oxford

For Molecular Biology

2. University of Cambridge

3. University College London

4. University of Edinburgh

5. Imperial College London

6. University of Birmingham

7. University of Manchester

8. University of Dundee

9. University of Glasgow

10. Newcastle University

11. King's College London

12. University of Nottingham

13. University of Bristol

14. University of Leicester

15. University of Sheffield

16. University of Leeds

17. University of Liverpool

18. University of Wales

19. University of Sussex

20. University of Aberdeen

21. University of London

22. University of Southampton

23. Queen Mary University of London

24. Cardiff University

25. University of Warwick

26. St George's, University of London

27. University of St Andrews

28. University of York

29. Ulster University

30. Queen's University Belfast

31. University of Reading

32. University of Bath

33. University of East Anglia

34. University of Strathclyde

35. Durham University

36. University of Kent

37. University of Surrey

38. University of Hertfordshire

39. Middlesex University

40. Swansea University

41. Keele University

42. Royal Veterinary College University of London

43. Aberystwyth University

44. Aston University

45. University of Essex

46. University of Portsmouth

47. University of Exeter

48. Royal Holloway, University of London

49. Bangor University

50. Birkbeck, University of London

51. University of Bradford

52. Loughborough University

53. Lancaster University

54. University of Hull

55. Brunel University London

56. Oxford Brookes University

57. Nottingham Trent University

58. University of Stirling

59. Royal Agricultural University

60. University of the West of England

61. University of Salford

62. Cranfield University

63. University of Plymouth

64. Manchester Metropolitan University

65. London School of Economics and Political Science

66. De Montfort University

67. Northumbria University

68. Courtauld Institute of Art, University of London

69. Liverpool John Moores University

70. University of Brighton

71. University of Wolverhampton

72. Heriot-Watt University

73. University of Central Lancashire

74. Sheffield Hallam University

75. Edinburgh Napier University

76. University of Westminster

77. University of Greenwich

78. City, University of London

79. Glasgow Caledonian University

80. University of Huddersfield

81. Robert Gordon University

82. University of Sunderland

83. Leeds Beckett University

84. University of East London

85. University of Bedfordshire

86. Kingston University

87. Coventry University

88. University of Lincoln

89. London Metropolitan University

90. University of the West of Scotland

91. Bournemouth University

92. Anglia Ruskin University

93. Teesside University

94. London South Bank University

The best cities to study Molecular Biology in the United Kingdom based on the number of universities and their ranks are Oxford , Cambridge , London , and Edinburgh .

Biology subfields in the United Kingdom

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I am Professor of Head and Neck Pathology and a Clinical Academic Histopathologist in Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine at the University of Liverpool, UK and Liverpool Universities NHS Foundation Trust, Working in the Liverpool Head and Neck Centre. I completed my PhD at the CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research (Glasgow) and clinical training at Glasgow Royal Infirmary. I moved to the University of Sheffield in 2009 where I established a research group focussing on the transcriptional changes seen in the various stages in the development of oral precancer and cancer with a particular interest in the control of cellular immortalization of keratinocytes and aspects of the tumour microenvironment. I moved to the Liverpool Head and Neck Centre in 2022. I am the author of over 120 peer reviewed articles and have also contributed to several books, including the 2022 WHO Classification of Tumours of the Head and Neck, and am a co-author of the 5th edition of Soames and Southam’s Oral Pathology.

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What Jobs Can You Get With A Biology Degree - A New Scientist Careers Guide

• Career guides

“What can I do with a biology degree?” is a question biology students often ask themselves. Everything from microscopic proteins and the DNA within the cells of all living organisms to how we interact with complex ecological systems on Earth falls under the realm of biology. Some of the major types of biology include molecular biology , anatomy, physiology and ecology .

With science becoming more interdisciplinary, new careers in biology are emerging as well. Indeed, a degree in biology provides you with knowledge and skills highly relevant to countless industries. 

Graduating from the best universities for biology in the UK, as ranked in the 2024 league table by the Complete University Guide, can lead to lucrative career opportunities. Top universities include Cambridge, University College London (UCL), Oxford, Imperial College London and Durham.

Popular areas where your biology degree will be highly valued include pure biology and life sciences , clinical science , technology and engineering , and environmental science . This article discusses the top three highest paying jobs with a biology degree in each of these fields.

Pure biology and life sciences

Traditional jobs for biology graduates typically involve teaching, research or health promotion. In these fields, you could inspire future biological scientists and conduct high-impact research. With experience and excellence, you could even become a pioneer in whichever area you work in, helping progress the field of biology as a whole.  

• Headteacher

Job role: Headteachers run schools and ensure their success. They are the face of the school and they set out the school’s values and agenda, devise strategies for areas of improvement, comply with health and safety standards, manage finances and foster relationships with students, parents, teachers and, sometimes, politicians. You can still continue to teach biology as a headteacher.

Route: With a biology degree, you could start teaching biology at school once you complete the qualified teacher status (QTS). Get involved with senior roles within your school and help with running the school. Ideally, complete the National Professional Qualification for Headship. After several years of experience as a senior teacher, you could become a headteacher. 

Average salary (experienced): £131,000  

• Professor of biology

Job role: Teaching biological sciences at higher education level is no small feat. Senior lecturers and academics at universities are typically pioneers in their area of interest and have contributed greatly to research, especially at renowned institutions.

Route: Once you have graduated with a BSc in biology, you usually need a Master’s to enter a PhD programme. After working as a research scientist, getting involved in lecturing and doing high-impact research as a postdoc for several years, you could apply for professorship. Senior academics usually end up doing research in a niche area of biology.

Average salary (experienced): £55,000; over £100,000 at certain universities e.g. Cambridge  

• Sports physiologist

Job role: Sports and exercise scientists apply their knowledge of human physiology to help people enhance their sporting performance and improve their overall health. Their working environment may include sports centres, hospitals or research facilities. Many work privately, seeing a range of clients including athletes.

Route: A degree in physiology or biology is typically required; a Master’s or PhD specifically in sports physiology or exercise science can further enhance your employability. After you have established a good reputation, you could manage your own consulting company or work exclusively for high-profile athletes.

Average salary (experienced): £60,000

Naturally, biology is at the heart of medicine and healthcare . Expertise in fields such as genetics , microbiology and biochemistry are driving innovation in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. If you completed a biology degree, you could do a Master’s, clinical training or placements to qualify for a range of clinical careers.  

• Pathologist

Job role: Pathologists process and examine tissue samples collected from patients to aid the diagnosis of medical conditions. They work with high-tech machines and microscopes and are usually based in hospital labs.

Route: Relevant undergraduate degrees include biology or biomedical science. To work in the NHS, you must enrol onto the Scientist Training Programme (STP) and register with the Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC). You could additionally complete Higher Specialist Scientist Training (HSST) to obtain consultant status.

Average salary (experienced): £69,000

• Clinical scientist

Job role: Clinical scientists can work in a range of specialisms, such as neurophysiology, cardiac science or microbiology. They form a crucial part of a multidisciplinary team to deliver healthcare efficiently and safely. Your exact duties will depend on your chosen career path and may include working as a laboratory technician or seeing patients and performing tests.

Route: This job also involves completion of the STP and HCPC registration, and, optionally, HSST for consultancy. A biology degree is broad enough to allow you to move into most specialisms in clinical science. As a senior clinical scientist, you could take on managerial roles in your department or apply your expertise in biotech , e.g. quality control or research and development.

Average salary (experienced): £68,000

Job role: Geneticists analyse the genomics in all living organisms, but in a clinical setting their focus is limited to human genetics. They study genes involved in health and disease to help medical teams diagnose and offer targeted therapies for genetic conditions and cancers. 

Route: Relevant pre-STP degrees include genetics, biology or other life sciences. A Master’s or PhD is the norm, particularly in academic research. With experience, you could manage genomic research departments, become a professor or move into industries, e.g. the pharmaceutical sector.

Average salary (experienced): £58,000

Technology and engineering

As with most industries, research, medicine and agriculture are becoming heavily reliant on technology. Fields such as biotechnology, bioinformatics and biomedical engineering require excellent knowledge of biology as well as engineering and physics principles. As such, biology graduates with an interest in technological innovation can play a vital role in the biotech sector.

• Data scientist

Job role: Data science is one of the highest paying jobs in tech, particularly in life sciences that deal with large amounts of complex data. Data scientists with a background in biology perform complex data analysis for universities, research facilities or biotech companies with the aim of providing actionable insight.

Route: After a biology degree, you could either do a Master’s in data science or gain relevant experience to land a junior position. Learning advanced methods relating to machine learning and artificial intelligence can significantly boost your job prospects. With experience, you could become a principal data scientist at a biotech firm or an independent consultant data scientist.

Average salary (experienced): £82,500

• Software engineer

Job role: Software engineers with a background in biology design, build and test software for use in biological research at hospitals, labs or biotech firms. They ensure their programme meets their clients’ needs and troubleshoot any potential errors.

Route: A biology degree puts you in a good position to apply to biotech firms for junior positions as employers often prefer candidates with in-depth knowledge of the field. To gain programming skills, you can do a Master’s in software development or become self-taught. With experience, you could move into consultancy or run your own business.

Average salary (experienced): £70,000

• Biomedical engineer

Job role: Biomedical engineering combines principles from biology, physics and engineering to design medical machines and equipment, ranging from prosthetics and implants to surgical robots and scanners. Those in this field often conduct research to build new products to be used in healthcare.

Route: An undergraduate degree in biomedical engineering is the traditional route, but you can still enter this field with a biology degree if you do a relevant Master’s or gain relevant experience, e.g. working as a biological technician. 

As a senior biomedical engineer working in a specialised area, e.g. bionic eyes, you could move into industry and take on managerial roles in health-tech companies. You could also work for the NHS if you complete the STP and register with the HCPC.

Average salary (experienced): £50,000

Environmental and animal care

Biologists working in the environmental and animal care sector offer immense value when it comes to tackling global challenges such as sustainability, conservation , biodiversity and restoration. Environmental scientists can help shape policies and practices aimed at preserving natural environments and safeguarding animal welfare , ensuring a better, greener world.  

Job role: Agronomists supervise agricultural operations and offer guidance to farmers on enhancing soil health and increasing crop yields. Working environments include farms, laboratories and offices. They research soil properties, fertilisers and other substances, and innovate new farming techniques.

Route: A degree in biology with exposure to agriculture is typically sufficient to secure junior positions. Some employers prefer candidates with postgraduate qualifications in certain areas, e.g. crop technology. You could move into consultancy if you become a specialist in advanced methods such as laser weeding.

• Environmental consultant

Job role: Eco consultants investigate the effects of an organisation’s activities on the climate and vice versa. They provide guidance to organisations or governmental bodies on green energy, waste management and environmental regulations. 

Route: After your biology degree, ideally with a focus on ecology, you could complete a Master’s in environmental science to maximise your chances of landing a job and reaching consultancy level quickly. The Knowledge Transfer Partnership (KTP) may be of interest, as it offers postgraduate courses with academic and industrial research projects. With experience, you could become a chartered consultant.

Job role: Zoologists explore animals and their behaviours and may work in academia, wildlife conservation or government. They develop specialisation in one field, such as entomology (insects), ornithology (birds), herpetology (reptiles) or marine biology . Tasks vary based on the sector, but typically involve applying research methods in the field or laboratory to study animals.

Route: Aim to focus on zoology for your biology degree and gain exposure to wildlife conservation. A Master's or PhD degree can significantly enhance your prospects, particularly if you wish to conduct independent research. As you gain experience, you could manage zoology departments, become a consultant or move into environmental journalism.

Average salary (experienced): £48,000

Biology degrees provide a breadth of knowledge about all living organisms and how they interact with the world surrounding them. This, along with their critical thinking and transferable skills, make biology graduates highly employable across sectors. From analysing molecules in disease to building artificial organs or even conserving endangered species, there is no shortage of jobs involving biology .

• Explore careers | National Careers Service [Internet]. Available from: https://nationalcareers.service.gov.uk/explore-careers
• Biological Sciences Rankings 2024 [Internet]. The Complete University Guide. Available from: https://www.thecompleteuniversityguide.co.uk/league-tables/rankings/biological-sciences
• Get into teaching | Get into teaching GOV.UK [Internet]. Get Into Teaching. Available from: https://getintoteaching.education.gov.uk/
• Home | Advance HE [Internet]. Available from: https://www.advance-he.ac.uk/
• Academic jobs - Job Opportunities - University of Cambridge [Internet]. Available from: https://www.jobs.cam.ac.uk/job/?category=1
• NSHCS [Internet]. NSHCS. Available from: https://nshcs.hee.nhs.uk/healthcare-science/healthcare-science-specialisms-explained/
• NSHCS [Internet]. NSHCS. Available from: http://www.nshcs.hee.nhs.uk/programmes/stp
• Genetics Society. Education - genetics society [Internet]. Genetics Society. 2022. Available from: https://genetics.org.uk/careers/education/
• Institute of Analytics - The Future is Here! [Internet]. IoA - Institute of Analytics. Available from: https://ioaglobal.org/
• Get into tech: How to launch a career in IT | BCS [Internet]. Available from: https://www.bcs.org/it-careers/get-into-tech-how-to-build-a-career-in-it/
• Medical engineering [Internet]. Health Careers. 2019. Available from: https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-roles/healthcare-science/roles-healthcare-science/physical-sciences-and-biomedical-engineering/medical-engineering
• Agronomist [Internet]. TIAH. Available from: https://beta.tiah.org/w/agronomist
• How to become an Ecologist or Environmental Manager - CIEEM [Internet]. CIEEM. 2024. Available from: https://cieem.net/i-want-to-be/how-to-become-an-eem/
• Science & Research | ZSL [Internet]. The Zoological Society of London. Available from: https://www.zsl.org/what-we-do/science-research

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The Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Ph.D. Program

Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology is an interdepartmental Graduate Program with faculty from the Department of Pharmacological Sciences, other Departments at Stony Brook and scientists from Brookhaven National Laboratories and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories. It offers a comprehensive research and educational experience ranging from the basic biological sciences to the imaging of biological processes in cell and tissue cultures and mammals. The research interests of our training faculty include the therapeutics of cancer and infectious diseases, cardiovascular and endocrine pharmacology, neuropharmacology and drug design. The coursework in the program provides advanced knowledge in pharmacology and in biochemistry, molecular genetics, cell biology, immunology, structural and computational biology and neuropharmacology.

The quality of the education and training offered by our Program is reflected by 41 years of continuous NIH-funded training grant support, the participation of many affiliated faculty outside of the core department and outstanding outcomes for more than 140 PhD graduates who hold academic positions at top Universities and in the pharmaceutical industry. In the last fifteen years, we have graduated 61 students, with an average time to degree of 4.9 years, with over 90% of our students graduating in no more than 6 years after entering the program.

Our goal is to provide education, support and a training environment that successfully prepares students for subsequent academic or industrial career opportunities.

The MCP graduate program consider all candidates equally, regardless of state of residence, and particularly encourages applications from women, individuals with disabilities, and members of racial and/or ethnic groups currently under-represented in biomedical science.

We are looking forward to meeting you.

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The Biochemistry and Molecular Biology department does not have its own graduate program . However, students interested in earning a PhD can apply for admission to any of several interdepartmental programs and pursue thesis research with faculty in our department. These programs have been formed by faculty whose research interests unite them. Most of the programs are stand-alone and accept applicants from outside UMass, while one, the Chemistry-Biology Interface Program, is a subsidiary, accepting students who are already enrolled in a UMass graduate program and giving them an additional affiliation.

Please visit the websites linked below to learn more about each specific program. To apply, visit the  Graduate School website .

Molecular and Cellular Biology (MCB) Graduate Program

The  MCB Graduate Program  is an interdepartmental graduate program with participating faculty members at UMass Amherst, Amherst College, Smith College, and Mount Holyoke College. MCB faculty study a wide range of biological research problems using strategies, techniques, and systems that span the molecular life sciences.

The MCB Program is structured to help you achieve your research goals while you become well-versed in many aspects of science. It offers an exciting combination of focus and breadth.

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In the  Plant Biology (PB) Graduate Program , faculty conduct intensive research in the plant sciences in areas including evolution, ecology, development, genetics, physiology, and cellular and molecular biology. They emphasize multidisciplinary approaches ranging from practical to theoretical.

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The  Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (OEB) Graduate Program  is an interdepartmental graduate program focusing on the structure, function, diversity, and evolution of organisms. Research focuses on organisms and their functional biology, ecology, or the evolution and diversification of life.

Chemistry-Biology Interface (CBI) Training Program

The  Chemistry-Biology Interface (CBI) Training Program  is a subsidiary program to which students can apply after acceptance to one of five graduate programs at UMass. CBI bridges the "two cultures" of chemistry and biology, and brings the synthetic, mechanistic, and analytical powers of chemistry together with the new and exciting fields of biology, such as drug design, membrane function, molecular recognition, organelle assembly, and structure-function relationships in biological macromolecules.

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One CBS Student’s Mission to Inspire and Uplift the Next Generation of Scientists

• by Liana Wait
• May 14, 2024

Jessica Bolivar, a graduate student in the Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) Graduate Group, knows firsthand the difference that one person’s mentorship can make. 

During her time at UC Davis, Bolivar has made it her mission to give back and inspire the next generation of scientists by balancing her research with a slew of community-uplifting and diversity, equity and inclusion initiatives.

“One person changed my whole career path,” Bolivar said. “That’s where my passion comes from with these initiatives—I just want to inspire the next generation of students.”

I n the BMCDB graduate group, Bolivar is investigating the molecular mechanisms that cells use to deal with stress in the lab of Christopher Fraser , a professor in the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology. In the predominately biochemistry-based lab, Bolivar is taking a different angle to examine cell stress—by drawing on her passion and experience with cell imaging.

Read the full story here .

25 Inspiring Women in Plant Biology

In March, the ASPB Women in Plant Biology Committee asked you to nominate remarkable women who shape our field for recognition by the ASPB community. We recognize these 25 women to highlight their achievements and leadership, celebrate their impact in plant biology, and inspire future generations. We will continue to build a more equitable and inclusive plant biology community.

Distinguished Researchers

Anjali Iyer-Pascuzzi Biotic Interactions: Plant-Microbe Pathogenesis

Dr. Anjali Iyer-Pascuzzi, leading an all-female lab at Purdue University, has achieved significant milestones in her academic career. She currently oversees the research endeavors of six PhD students focusing on plant pathology. Anjali’s research has been diverse and impactful, ranging from investigating the effects of spaceflight and simulated microgravity on plant defense responses in collaboration with NASA to unraveling the infection strategies of various plant pathogens, including Phyllachora maydis and Ralstonia solanacearum. Her work has been recognized and cited extensively, reflecting her profound contributions to the fields of plant biology and microbiology.

“Dr. Iyer-Pascuzzi is a great mentor and creates a supportive lab environment.”

Anne Fennell Abiotic: Light & Temperature

Dr. Anne Fennell’s research on grapevine bud dormancy, cold hardiness, and chilling fulfillment has had significant impacts on the global grapevine research community. Her research focuses on Vitis riparia Michx., a north American species used in grapevine root stocks around the world. Anne has developed a large and diverse populations of intergenic crosses involving this species enabling genetic studies for various complex traits significant for grapevine production under stress. In addition, her group has developed genomic resources including a complete genome for a northern ecotype of this Native American species, that is used in breeding for cold hardiness. Her genuine care for the students and her willingness to go the extra mile in making sure students learn the latest and most practical information necessary are unique qualities that are highly appreciated by students. Anne strives to meet individuals where they are and open and enhance their interest in the world of plant science research. She maintains a diverse lab experience for undergraduates through postdocs with studies in physiology, genetics, genomics, and big data and emphasizes national and international collaborations. This vertical integration of lab members provides undergraduates an opportunity to see opportunities beyond an hourly job as team members move on to careers in higher education and industry. National collaborative grants provide all team members with training in team science in addition to their specific areas of research. Her research program in the perennial grapevine is grounded in basic plant biology and moves seamlessly from the grapevine DNA and RNA back to the field performance/phenotype to identify genotypes, genes, pathways, and genetic architecture which impact sustainable production of the grapevine. Recent research impacts include using an F2 population to identify molecular markers for root architecture and berry enological characters (malic acid, yeast assimilable nitrogen and grassy notes).

“Anne is an exemplary scientist and mentor who strives to collectively advance both the science and the people who do it.” “Anne’s genuine care for her students and her willingness to go the extra mile in making sure students learn the latest and most practical information necessary is highly appreciated.”

Aruna Kilaru Biochemistry & Metabolism

Dr. Aruna Kilaru’s career is marked by significant contributions to both research and mentorship, shaping the professional development of many. Dr. Aruna Kilaru’s career is distinguished by her groundbreaking research aimed at enhancing crop productivity through the modification of lipid metabolism for storage oil biosynthesis and stress responses. Her work delves into the intricate mechanisms underlying lipid synthesis and signaling, spanning biochemical, cellular, physiological, and molecular levels. Dr. Kilaru’s primary focus lies in elucidating the regulation of storage oil content and composition, alongside investigating lipid-mediated stress response pathways in plants. By leveraging a diverse array of cutting-edge tools, from scanning electron microscopy to “omic” approaches, she endeavors to unravel the complexities of plant lipid metabolism. Through her innovative research endeavors, Dr. Kilaru aims to provide crucial insights into developing stress-tolerant crops with improved oil content and overall yield, thus addressing pressing agricultural challenges. Dr. Kilaru’s impact extends far beyond her scientific endeavors. Her dedication to nurturing the growth of her students and her service to the American Society of Plant Biologists (ASPB) are commendable. Dr. Kilaru’s journey from a village in India to the United States serves as an inspiring example for women globally, showcasing the power of passion and determination in achieving success.

“Dr. Aruna Kilaru has made an indispensable contribution to my professional development. I extend my sincerest gratitude to Dr. Kilaru for her guidance and support.” “A great leader is like the sun, lights your days but enlightens you through the darkest of nights.”

Barbara Demmig-Adams Biochemistry: Photosynthesis & BioEnergy

Dr. Barbara Demmig-Adams is Professor of Distinction in the Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology at the University of Colorado at Boulder, USA. She is a David & Lucille Packard Fellow and member of Leopoldina (National Academy of Sciences of Germany, Austria, and Switzerland). Dr. Demmig-Adams is best known for her pioneering role in discovering that the carotenoids of the xanthophyll cycle serve in photoprotection of plants against damage from excess absorbed light. She also contributed to uncovering what limits the capacity of photosynthesis and how manipulation of this capacity may enhance photosynthetic organisms’ productivity and tolerance of challenging environments. Her recent work uses insight from plant ecophysiology to co-optimize nutritional quality and sustainability of novel food systems in the context of climate change. Together with her students, she also synthesizes literature on the benefits of plant-based nutrition (and other aspects of lifestyle medicine) for human wellness and health.

“Dr. Demmig-Adams is someone to look up to as a strong woman in STEM … to build my confidence … with continued support, constant kindness, and compassion.”

Dorothea Tholl Biochemistry & Metabolism

Dr. Dorothea Tholl is a professor in the department of Biological Sciences at Virginia Tech. She earned her PhD from the Technical University of Braunschweig, Germany, and conducted postdoctoral research at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology prior to establishing her research program in the US. Her research is focused on the biosynthesis, evolution, and function of specialized metabolites, especially volatile organic compounds, in chemical interactions of plants and animals. She has elucidated key enzymatic steps in the metabolism of plant volatiles with roles in direct and indirect defenses above and belowground. More recently, her team has made investigations in the convergent evolution of volatile metabolism in plants and animals by exploring the biosynthesis of insect pheromones. Applied projects in her lab examine the metabolism of volatile aroma compounds and defense metabolites in root crops and common flavor constituents in spices and culinary herbs. She is also interested in the metabolic engineering of insect pheromones in trap plants or microbial systems to develop novel integrated pest management strategies. Dr. Tholl has enjoyed serving her research community as president of the Phytochemical Society of North America from 2021-2022 and as a member of The Plant Cell editorial board since 2020.

“Dr. Tholl is widely known as an engaged, supportive, and enthusiastic colleague and highly effective mentor for her students and postdocs. She deserves special recognition for her efforts.”

Jane Parker Biotic interactions

Prof. Jane Parker’s career revolves around unraveling the intricate mechanisms of plant innate immunity, aiming to decipher key players and processes that enable plants to effectively combat attacking microbes while maintaining growth and physiological fitness. Jane is based at The Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research and is Associate Professor at the at the University of Cologne. Sheplays a pivotal role in advancing scientific knowledge and nurturing the next generation of researchers. Her groundbreaking research has revealed the existence of multiple layers of defense, with the EDS1 protein family and its partners identified as crucialdrivers of immune responses after pathogen recognition by host receptors. Jane’s contributions to the field are widely recognized. Additionally, her commitment to scientific excellence is evident through her active involvement in various societies, boards and editorial roles. Jane’s research achievements culminated in her election as a Fellow of The Royal Society, a member of The US Academy of Sciences, and several other esteemed scientific academies and societies.

“I really enjoy the outstanding breakthroughs of Dr. Parker.”

Janet Slovin Genes & Genomes: Genetics

Dr. Janet P. Slovin’s illustrious career includes her pioneering research integrating molecular, biochemical, physiological, and genetic approaches to unravel plants’ fundamental mechanisms. She made significant strides in auxin regulation of plant development, identifying the first plant mutant in IAA levels and contributing to our understanding of the IAA biosynthetic pathway and turnover. Her other research achievements include proving the involvement of low molecular weight heat shock proteins in thermotolerance and, with others pioneering the assembly of the F. vesca genome sequence through one of the first “crowd-sourced” sequencing efforts. Her foresight and collaboration have provided invaluable genomic tools for the Rosaceae research community, cementing her legacy as a visionary in plant science. As a trailblazer for women in plant science, Slovin was instrumental in forming the Women in Plant Physiology/Biology within ASPB and fought for equality within the USDA, winning a significant EEOC case on discrimination. Her contributions extend to organizing the first Mid-Atlantic Plant Molecular Biology Society and participating in outreach activities.

“She was one of the true women pioneers.” “A scientist’s scientist who cares about excellent research and the value women bring to science and society. ”

Joanne Chory Signal Transduction & Hormone Biology

Joanne Chory has dedicated over 30 years to studying Arabidopsis thaliana , a small flowering mustard plant, using molecular genetics to explore how plants adapt their size, shape, and form to optimize growth and photosynthesis in various environments. By leveraging genetics, she has been able to enhance two crucial natural characteristics of plants: their root systems and their capacity to produce suberin—a carbon-rich polymer that is naturally resistant to decomposition. By enhancing a plant’s ability to capture and retain more carbon, Chory has pioneered the development of plants that not only help mitigate CO2 levels in the atmosphere but also improve soil quality and increase crop yields. Her passion for combating climate change through plant science underscores her belief in a collective global effort to address this worldwide challenge. Read more about her .

“Dr. Chory is one of the leading figures in modern plant biology research. Her lab has laid the foundation of multiple important research fields.”

Virginia Walbot Development: Reproduction

Dr. Virginia Walbot and her team have been researching maize anther development since 2005. Notably, they demonstrated that the initial step in cell fate determination involves hypoxia triggering the specification of archesporial cells, which subsequently determine neighboring cells as somatic in anther primordia. They elucidated the roles of small secreted proteins and discovered the involvement of reproductive phasiRNAs at specific stages and in particular cell types. By investigating a wide range of cell fate mutants, they have systematically organized the timeline of steps in anther ontogeny. Recently, utilizing single-cell RNA-seq, they have meticulously documented the stages from archesporial cell development through to pollen maturation and the differentiation of each somatic cell type.

“Excellent scientist and teacher.”

Alessandra Devoto Genes & Genomes: Gene regulatory networks & Signal Transduction

Professor Alessandra Devoto, a distinguished scientist with a deep-seated passion for plant molecular biology, has developed a significant career since completing her education at the University of Rome Sapienza, in Italy. After earning her BSc and MSc, she pursued a PhD in Plant Molecular Biology, which fueled her lifelong commitment to research. Since 2006, Prof. Devoto has been an influential figure at Royal Holloway University of London, where she leads groundbreaking research on plant responses to environmental stressors with an aim to enhance plant yield and adaptation. Her work, particularly in the area of jasmonates and their role in plant stress and defense mechanisms, has led to vital insights into plant growth regulation under stress conditions. Prof. Devoto has contributed extensively to the understanding of molecular pathways that can improve stress responses and has developed novel methods for analyzing phytopharmaceuticals and enhancing microbial processing of biomass. In addition to her research excellence, she is an acknowledged mentor of the next generation of scientists.

“Prof. Devoto’s tireless dedication to advancing plant stress biology and her unwavering commitment to nurturing the growth of young scientists have left an indelible mark.” “Like a sturdy oak, Prof. Devoto stands tall, providing shade and shelter to those under her mentorship. Her legacy is not merely in research papers or accolades but in the flourishing minds she has cultivated.”

Sona Pandey Signal Transduction & Hormone Biology

Dr. Sona Pandey’s group focuses on how plants impact and respond to their surroundings using examples from species ranging from mosses and model plants such as Arabidopsis to crops such as soybean and sorghum. At the mechanistic level, the group studies a class of conserved signaling proteins, the heterotrimeric G-proteins (G-proteins) which control developmental and signaling pathways regulating stress responses and yield in plants. In addition to being an accomplished researcher, Sona has a reputation in and beyond her lab as an excellent mentor. She led the Danforth Center REU program for many years, mentoring undergraduates annually and increasing DEI in the field of plant sciences.

“Sona has been a tireless leader, establishing and overseeing an excellent NSF-REU program, mentoring students, advancing equity, inclusion, and women’s issues and pursuing impactful science.” “Sona is one of the most compassionate and knowledgeable mentors I have been fortunate to work with.” “I wish to become a scientist and a human like Dr. Pandey.” “Dr. Pandey’s courage in facing adversity has been an inspiration for me and others to pursue our goals.”

Mid-Career Researchers

Carolyn Rasmussen Cell Biology: General

Research in the Rasmussen lab is focused on understanding how plant cell divisions are oriented and how division plane positioning influences plant growth and development. In addition, Dr. Rasmussen is committed to mentoring and providing research opportunities to students historically excluded from STEM. She directs the undergraduate REU Summer program at the University of California-Riverside. In addition, Dr. Rasmussen has contributed to the plant biology community through service on several committees and membership in external scientific societies.

“Dr. Rasmussen is an excellent researcher and highly deserves recognition for inspiring others.”

Tessa Burch-Smith Cell Biology

Dr. Tessa Burch-Smith has made significant strides in the field of plant biology, particularly in understanding intercellular communication through plasmodesmata in plant cells. Her research has expanded the knowledge base of how plasmodesmata function. Dr. Burch-Smith’s recent scholarly contributions include exploring the role of plasmodesmata in defense responses in Nicotiana benthamiana, as well as investigating the mechanisms of redox regulation in cell-to-cell communication, particularly in the context of viral spread within plant tissues. Each of these studies not only advances our understanding of plant biology but also underscores the complexity and importance of intercellular communication in plant resilience and adaptation. Beyond her research, Dr. Burch-Smith is lauded for her commitment to mentoring, particularly focused on supporting underrepresented minorities and individuals with disabilities in STEM fields. Her service to the plant biology community is extensive, including roles such as chair of the Science Policy Committee of ASPB, and membership on various editorial boards and conference organizing committees. This well-rounded professional portfolio showcases Dr. Burch-Smith as a dedicated scientist and mentor, making her a distinguished figure in plant biology and an exemplary leader.

“For her groundbreaking work in the field of plasmodesmata and her tireless efforts to make the pursuit of scientific careers accessible to all.”

Patricia Baldrich Genes & Genomes: Gene Regulation & Transcriptional Networks

Dr. Patricia Baldrich’s work focuses on small RNAs in plants, ranging from creating atlases of small RNAs in potatoes to detecting them in rice samples and identifying their presence in Arabidopsis apoplastic fluid. She investigates their role in gene expression regulation and plant development, with implications for biotechnology in hybrid plant improvement. At the core of Patricia’s research is the quest to unravel the mechanisms governing gene expression regulation and plant development through the lens of small RNAs.

“Dr. Baldrich opened my mind to the career possibilities in science that I had never considered before. She is incredibly dedicated to making sure those around her are promoted with her, and is an amazing advocate for her mentees and employees.”

Rachel Egger Development: Reproduction

Rachel Egger is an incredible researcher and mentor, her publication and patent record is stellar, and she leads the Reproductive Biology team at Syngenta seeds research. Recent studies by Egger and colleagues have explored innovative techniques such as cyto-swapping post haploid induction, which is critical for developing elite, transformable haploid inducers in maize. Other research delves into the application of a pathogen Trojan horse approach to manipulate maize anther cell behavior, offering insights into the cellular mechanisms underlying pre-meiotic anther development and male fertility, and establishing a framework for evaluating developmental defects at the cellular level, using both morphological and molecular data across various maize anther mutants. She has mentored students at Maize Meetings for several years and continues to connect Academia with Industry. She is a constant advocate for others.

“Rachel is a stellar researcher and mentor, connecting industry with academia and advancing women in the workplace.”

Aardra Kachroo Biotic Interactions: Plant-Microbe Immunity

Dr. Aardra Kachroo’s research aims to understand the interconnections between primary metabolic and defense signaling pathways while addressing immediate problems in agriculture. She utilizes a combination of host plants and pathogens to do both. The current focus in her lab is to understand the molecular underpinnings of a specific systemic signaling mechanism called systemic acquired resistance (SAR). When activated, SAR provides broad spectrum immunity at the whole plant level and can exhibit limited transgenerational transmission as well as to neighboring individuals. Her group is studying the overlap between SAR signaling with another recently identified root-shoot-root signaling mechanism that regulates the associations between legumes and nitrogen-fixing rhizobacteria. In addition to her research, Aardra Kachroo is both an advocate for and a mentor to others. She serves on the board of the Kentucky Association of Professional African American Women, and she served as President of the Bluegrass Indo-American Society, and as a Program Director at the National Science Foundation. She also leads a biotech company that develops sustainable and environmentally friendly pest management products for plants.

“Aardra Kachroo’s research at the University of Kentucky focuses on unraveling the molecular mechanisms of plant immunity. Using molecular biology and genomics, she explores how plants recognize and defend against pathogens, offering insights crucial for enhancing crop protection and global food security.” “I am privileged to receive guidance from a remarkable woman who has truly been a beacon of inspiration on my journey.” “Aardra serves selflessly to empower Women in Science and Plant Biology”

Carrie Wu Whole-Plant: Environmental & Eco physiological

Dr. Carrie Wu is a plant evolutionary ecologist who studies how the environment shapes the genetic structure and evolutionary trajectory of natural plant populations. Her research interests broadly encompass plant evolutionary ecology, local adaptation in natural plant populations, the invasion trajectory of introduced species, hybridization, and plant responses to a rapidly changing climate.

“Dr. Carrie Wu is a phenomenal role model and mentor. She was instrumental in shaping my perspective of science and nurturing my curiosity.” “Dr. Wu remains a large reason I had the courage to pursue a career in plant biology as a female scientist.”

Jeongim Kim Biochemistry: Specialized Metabolites

Dr. Jeongim Kim is an assistant professor in the Horticultural Sciences Department and a member of the Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology (PMCB) graduate program. She earned her PhD at Purdue University, focusing on auxin biosynthesis and plant abiotic stress physiology. During her post-doctoral tenure at Purdue, she delved into phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, contributing significantly to several projects aimed at enhancing biofuel production. Dr. Kim’s research encompasses a broad spectrum, from the nutritional value of muscadine genotypes to the modulation of phenolic compounds in various plant varieties. Her recent investigations shed light on topics such as aldoxime metabolism, antioxidant capacity in lettuce, and the spatio-temporal control of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. With a wealth of knowledge and a dedication to advancing plant science, Dr. Kim continues to make impactful contributions to her chosen field, plant natural products, and their abilities to enhance nutritional value or plant resilience.

“Dr. Jeongim Kim has established herself as an outstanding scientist while remaining unflinchingly kind and compassionate with her mentees. In particular, she ‘rescued’ multiple minority graduate students, who had been rejected and deemed unfit for science by some of her colleagues. She mentored brilliantly these students throughout their PhD and led them toward successful careers in academia.”

Katie Murphy Phenomics

Dr. Katherine Murphy, a Principal Investigator and Director of Phenotyping at the Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, uses high-throughput, image-based phenotyping to study how plants respond to environmental stressors, with a focus on maize and heat stress.

“What I admire most about Katie is her remarkable ability to communicate science exceptionally well. She skillfully conveys scientific concepts on multiple platforms that reach beyond the plant science community.”

Lucia Strader Development: Vegetative

Dr. Lucia Strader’s research delves into the intricacies of normal plant morphogenesis and environmental responses, which necessitate the integration of multiple signals to modulate auxin responsiveness, biosynthesis, transport, and storage forms. As a critical plant hormone, auxin governs both cell division and expansion, thereby orchestrating numerous developmental events and environmental responses. Dr. Strader’s investigations are centered around gaining a molecular understanding of auxin signaling, auxin homeostasis, and the crosstalk between auxin and other hormones. By unraveling these molecular intricacies, her research aims to provide insight into the strategies employed by plants to adapt their growth in response to various environmental factors.

“Lucia is an incredible mentor and researcher who has made exemplary contributions to the auxin biology field.”

Ru Zhang Abiotic: Light & Temperature

Dr. Ru Zhang’s research is dedicated to understanding how plants respond to high temperatures by studying green algae, with a particular focus on photosynthesis. Dr. Zhang’s lab investigates how high temperatures impact photosynthesis, aiming to identify the most heat-sensitive components of this process. Currently, her research employs Chlamydomonas, an excellent model organism for understanding how photosynthetic cells react to elevated temperatures. With the growing threat of climate change exacerbating heat stress on crops, Dr. Zhang’s work holds significant importance in enhancing crop heat tolerance, ultimately contributing to global food security. Additionally, Dr. Zhang is recognized for her mentorship and leadership qualities, actively fostering the growth and development of individuals in her lab. Beyond her lab, Dr. Zhang actively contributes to various organizations at the Danforth Center, including the International Women in Science Hub.

“Ru Zhang is an excellent mentor that truly goes above and beyond to build up the people in her lab.” “Dr. Zhang has great leadership qualities in addition to being a passionate plant science researcher. She is a role model.”

Early Career Researchers

Pallavi Singh Biochemistry: Photosynthesis & BioEnergy

Since September 2022, Pallavi has been a Lecturer at the University of Essex (UK). Her research group focuses on studying various aspects of water use strategies in crop plants. The Singh lab aims to enhance photosynthetic productivity by concentrating on the complementary requirement to balance plant water supply with carbon gain, maximizing water use efficiency. The overarching goal of their research is to develop more water-efficient crops and promote climate-smart agriculture in the face of changing climate. Pallavi Singh has revolutionized the understanding of plant grafting by discovering a pluripotent tissue that enables grafting in monocotyledons like bananas and oil palms, which can help combat diseases and reduce deforestation. Her research on C4 photosynthesis has identified how C4 genes incorporate light-responsive elements, potentially enabling the enhancement of crop yields through genetic engineering. Singh has also found significant intraspecific variation in C4 traits within Gynandropsis gynandra, paving the way for the introduction of these traits into C3 crops. Additionally, her work has elucidated the MPK3-SUB1A1 module’s role in rice submergence tolerance, offering critical insights for developing flood-resistant rice varieties.

“Originating from modest beginnings, she began her research journey in India, and now stands as a paragon of research excellence and a source of inspiration for women of color in the UK academic landscape.”

Seema Sahay Biochemistry: Photosynthesis & BioEnergy

Dr. Seema Sahay is an exceptional researcher whose career trajectory showcases resilience and dedication. She earned her degree at Aligarh Muslim University and subsequently served as an assistant professor in Mexico before transitioning to the United States, where she continued her research endeavors amidst the challenges posed by the pandemic. Dr. Sahay’s notable contributions include mapping genes that govern variation in photosynthetic performance within plant populations, shedding light on crucial mechanisms underlying plant adaptation to environmental stressors. Her research encompasses diverse areas, including genetic control of photoprotection, modulation of gene expression under stress conditions, and the effects of biostimulants on plant resilience. Dr. Sahay’s work significantly advances our understanding of plant biology and holds promise for enhancing crop performance and resilience in the face of changing environmental conditions.

“Dr. Sahay has overcome language, cultural, economic, and religious barriers to move forward our understanding of how natural genetic diversity governs photosynthesis in plants.”

Sreya Das Abiotic: Light & Temperature

Sreya Das is deeply engaged in investigating the intricate crosstalk between temperature and light signals and its impact on the regulation of plant growth and development, with a primary focus on utilizing Arabidopsis as a model organism. Her research interests span a wide range of areas, including light and temperature signaling in plants, stress biology, plant developmental biology, and epigenetics. Through her studies, Dr. Das explores how plants modulate gene expression to influence essential processes such as cell elongation, flowering time, hormone metabolism, photoreceptor sensing, and overall yield under diverse light and temperature conditions, offering valuable insights for enhancing crop performance. Furthermore, Dr. Das’s contributions extend beyond her scientific endeavors. As a senior PhD student, she has demonstrated exemplary dedication, passion, and innovation, earning recognition as the ‘Best Collaborator’ within her lab. Additionally, Sreya actively engages in volunteer work and holds leadership positions in student-led organizations focused on community outreach and empowerment, exemplifying her commitment to making a positive impact beyond academia.

“Nurturing not only seeds, but women in plant biologists also develop roots of scientific discoveries and their contributions that blossom into scientific understanding and enriching a brighter future for all.” “I am fortunate to have a colleague whose dedication, passion, and innovation embody the spirit of inspiring women.”

Surbhi Kumawat Genes & Genomes: Genome Editing

Surbhi Kumawat is a plant functional geneticist whose career focuses on the molecular basis of plant traits through the integration of quantitative genetics and genome editing. Her early work during graduate studies explored the molecular mechanisms of silicon uptake in plants. Currently, she is delving into the evolutionary dynamics of plant telomeres, using Mimulus as a model to understand why plant telomeric sequences diverge significantly from the conserved sequences found in vertebrates and Arabidopsis. Her research has also contributed significantly to genomic studies, as evidenced by her publications on topics ranging from the role of aquaporins in nutrient transport and stress responses to the implications of telomerase RNA transposition in telomere evolution. Through her work, Surbhi aims to innovate agricultural practices by developing resilient and high-yielding crop varieties, contributing to sustainable food systems and global food security.

“Surbhi has done very impressive research so far at such a young age.” “In addition to her research, which is impressive, Surbhi is also a contributor to her community.”

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1 thought on “25 Inspiring Women in Plant Biology”

Thanks for sharing this list of inspiring colleagues. Very refreshing. One can’t, however, fail to notice the total lack of anyone in plant systematics, a symptom of the progressive abandonment of organismal biology in our academic instructions, which we will one day regret.

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