functions of education in society ucsp

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Module 6 (Lesson 7 and 8) - UCSP

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UCSP MODULE #5: EDUCATION AS A SOCIAL INSTITUTION

Module #5: education as a social institution.

Most people equate education with schools, but there is a huge difference between these two.

It refers to the various ways through which knowledge is passed on to the other members of the society. This knowledge can be in the form of factual data, skills, norms, and values. On the other hand, schooling refers to the formal education one receives under a specially trained teacher.

This was what Mark Twain, author of the novels The Adventures of Tom  Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn meant when he said, “I have never let my schooling interfere with my education.” Education evolves from time to time and from country to country. For example, in the Middle Ages in Great Britain, education was reserved only for the nobility, and the kind of education they received was focused on classical subjects that had nothing to do with earning a living. Around the same time in Japan, education was open to the nobility, but it was the Zen Buddhist monasteries and the Ashikaga Gakko – which focused on Chinese medicine, Confucianism, and the I Ching – that drove it forward.        Meanwhile, in the 1900s, education became more mainstream and could be accessed by workers and commoners. In Russia, education became a key component to becoming an industrial power, hence prompting the creation of a standardized educational system that was under the control of the government.

Unlike in the earlier years when students had the freedom to choose what they wanted to learn, teachers were then required to teach based on a predefined curriculum. Often, that curriculum focused on socialist values and academic excellence. Industrialization also seems to be a major contributor to the expansion of education in the United States. Unlike socialist Russia or its mother country Great Britain, however, education in the US focused on political participation.

According to Thomas Jefferson, allowing education to focus on the value of freedom and citizen participation in governance would enable Americans to “read and understand what is going on in the world.” The US was also the first country to enact mandatory education laws. Because the government paid for education in the country, it was necessary to produce practical consequences.

As a result, each generation of students received a fixed body of knowledge which often reflected the concerns and needs of the generation. For example, modern education in the US is focused on developing skills that students will need when they enter the job market. Practical arts and art have less room in the curriculum, but computer science and coding have gained center stage.

From the short discussion, one can already see that education is an important factor in maintaining the stability of a society. Note, however, that education can happen on various fronts. There is formal education (or schooling) which refers to the complete educational ladder all children must go through from childhood up to adulthood. And then there are the alternative forms which are not controlled by the government (often called private education , indigenous education , informal learning , and self – directed learning ). With the advance of the internet, a new form of education has emerged: open education through online courses.

Regardless of these developments in education, formal education remains to be of paramount importance. Every child, in every country, has to go through it. As such, its functions remain the same. Formal education performs the following functions: socialization, social integration, social placement, cultural innovation, and latent functions such as childcare and the establishment of lasting social ties.

The Five Functions of Formal Education

• Socialization

As has been discussed above, education is used to promote the norms and values of a society from one generation to the next. In some countries, the transmission function of education is taken on by families. However, in more advanced countries, social institutions such as schools become important as the family can no longer provide the tools and important knowledge needed by the young student. This is the reason why formal education was developed.

From early childhood, students in formal education learn their native language, as well as the mathematical skill they will need to function in society. Such learning expands in secondary and tertiary education, as students are prepared to adapt to his changing realities.

As can be seen in the example of Russia and the US, education can be used to promote specific values which may be cultural or political in nature.In many countries, students are oriented towards competition, as can be evidenced by exams and the grading system adopted by formal educational institutions.

• Social Integration

Because education is used to transmit norms and values, it can also be regarded as a unifying force. It promotes desired values and ensures conformity. In cases of deviance, it provides widely known approaches to convert. For example, mandatory education laws in the US ensured that all immigrants to the country knew what was desirable and undesirable in the US society because they had to be educated in the US schools.

• Social Placement

Formal education helps students to discover approved statuses and roles that will help the society’s longevity. Educational systems consider the various talents and interests of students and attempt to provide opportunities that provide a good fit for these talents and interests. Formal education, in a way, is an equalizer. It focuses on achievement, rather than educational.

• Cultural Innovation

Educational institutions are the center of cultural innovation because they stimulate intellectual inquiry and promote critical thinking. It enables new ideas to develop, as well as provide bases for new knowledge to become accepted in the mainstream. Through schools, theories are proven; technologies are improved; and cultures can adapt to the changing society.

• Latent Functions of Formal Education

As more families have both parents working at the same time, schools tend to become an institution of child care. As children have to be in school, parents can have time to perform their economic duties without being burdened with childcare duties. Another latent function of formal education is the establishment of social relationships that would have a lasting impact on the life of a child.

We have heard of students ascribing their success to their teachers or successful businesspeople who rely on their social networks to promote their businesses. Many of the social ties a child forms in the course of their schooling are lasting social networks and would impact various aspects of their lives.

Education as a Human Right

The status of education as a human right is no new thing. Many international conventions such as the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights , the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women , and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities have reaffirmed this right. Despite the consensus on the importance of education, human rights advocates continue to campaign for it due to two reasons:

• When children receive basic primary education, they will be able to learn the basics of literacy and numeracy, and hence, gain the basic social and life skills they need to be an active member of society and live a fulfilling life; and
• Many children around the world still do not have access even to basic primary education.

Three Facets of the Right to Education

The right to education goes beyond having the capacity to go to school. Article 26 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights underscores three basic rights in relation to education.

• Education enables individuals to exercise all their rights. Through basic education, individuals are able to know about their rights and are able to assert them. They are able to get good paying jobs, participate fully in the political process, care for their environment, cooperate with their fellow men, and fight for equality and justice.
• All children have a right to quality education. It is not enough that children are able to access education. Instead, they must be afforded with an education that meets their needs and prepares them for future challenges in their adulthood. In this aspect, learning outcomes are important indicators of success.
• All children must be given the same educational opportunities. Socio-economic background, capacities, and location should not be a factor in a child’s education. Wherever the child is living, there should be schools that are able to provide him or her with an education that is at par with international standards. Children with disabilities should be allowed to go to school. The curriculum, their teachers, and class activities have to be adapted to fit their needs.

Education in the Philippines

As of 2013, the Philippine Statistics Authority shows that there are almost 10,000 private education institutions operating in the country. 20.1% of them are offering pre-school education; 17.5% of them are engaged in primary education; 25.6% are in secondary education, and 26% are involved in tertiary education. Because the lack of teachers and educational facilities are perennial problems in the Philippines, having these many private schools might sound like a good idea. But Kishore Singh , the UN special rapporteur on the right to education believes that the rise in private education is an indication of the government’s failure to meet their obligation in ensuring universal, free, and high-quality education for their citizens. With private schools, Singh continues, education becomes a privilege for the well-to-do and could lead to continued marginalization and exclusion of those who are already marginalized. It creates social inequality and is a clear infringement of the human rights law.

The problem with privatization of education does not end with basic education. As state colleges are rare in many countries, there is unequal access to higher education. In the Philippines, until recently, a family must have at least PHP50, 000 per child per year in order to send their children to a state university. While free college education in the country is currently being implemented, there is no assurance as to how long it will continue. Moreover, most state universities and colleges can only accommodate a number of students, and a vast majority of secondary school graduates must enter private universities for tertiary education.

As of 2015, tuition fees in private universities range from PHP 50,000 to almost PHP200, 000 per semester, depending on the school the students choose to enroll in. Statistics also show that the average family income for the same year was only at PHP 22,000 per month with 41.9% of the family’s total expenditures allotted for food. If an average Filipino family has two to three children, it is clear that very few can afford to send their children to good schools.

Even with the Philippines’ difficulties in providing adequate educational opportunities for all its citizens, we are still better off compared to other countries. As an example, in 2017, it has been reported that about 1.75 million Syrian children are out of school due to the continuing hostilities in their country. As refugees flock Turkey, Jordan, and Lebanon, these countries’ capacities to provide free, basic education are seriously at risk.

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40 Facts About Elektrostal

Written by Lanette Mayes

Modified & Updated: 21 May 2024

Reviewed by Jessica Corbett

Elektrostal is a vibrant city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia. With a rich history, stunning architecture, and a thriving community, Elektrostal is a city that has much to offer. Whether you are a history buff, nature enthusiast, or simply curious about different cultures, Elektrostal is sure to captivate you.

This article will provide you with 40 fascinating facts about Elektrostal, giving you a better understanding of why this city is worth exploring. From its origins as an industrial hub to its modern-day charm, we will delve into the various aspects that make Elektrostal a unique and must-visit destination.

So, join us as we uncover the hidden treasures of Elektrostal and discover what makes this city a true gem in the heart of Russia.

Key Takeaways:

• Elektrostal, known as the “Motor City of Russia,” is a vibrant and growing city with a rich industrial history, offering diverse cultural experiences and a strong commitment to environmental sustainability.
• With its convenient location near Moscow, Elektrostal provides a picturesque landscape, vibrant nightlife, and a range of recreational activities, making it an ideal destination for residents and visitors alike.

Known as the “Motor City of Russia.”

Elektrostal, a city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia, earned the nickname “Motor City” due to its significant involvement in the automotive industry.

Home to the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Elektrostal is renowned for its metallurgical plant, which has been producing high-quality steel and alloys since its establishment in 1916.

Boasts a rich industrial heritage.

Elektrostal has a long history of industrial development, contributing to the growth and progress of the region.

Founded in 1916.

The city of Elektrostal was founded in 1916 as a result of the construction of the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Located approximately 50 kilometers east of Moscow.

Elektrostal is situated in close proximity to the Russian capital, making it easily accessible for both residents and visitors.

Known for its vibrant cultural scene.

Elektrostal is home to several cultural institutions, including museums, theaters, and art galleries that showcase the city’s rich artistic heritage.

A popular destination for nature lovers.

Surrounded by picturesque landscapes and forests, Elektrostal offers ample opportunities for outdoor activities such as hiking, camping, and birdwatching.

Hosts the annual Elektrostal City Day celebrations.

Every year, Elektrostal organizes festive events and activities to celebrate its founding, bringing together residents and visitors in a spirit of unity and joy.

Has a population of approximately 160,000 people.

Elektrostal is home to a diverse and vibrant community of around 160,000 residents, contributing to its dynamic atmosphere.

Boasts excellent education facilities.

The city is known for its well-established educational institutions, providing quality education to students of all ages.

A center for scientific research and innovation.

Elektrostal serves as an important hub for scientific research, particularly in the fields of metallurgy , materials science, and engineering.

Surrounded by picturesque lakes.

The city is blessed with numerous beautiful lakes , offering scenic views and recreational opportunities for locals and visitors alike.

Well-connected transportation system.

Elektrostal benefits from an efficient transportation network, including highways, railways, and public transportation options, ensuring convenient travel within and beyond the city.

Famous for its traditional Russian cuisine.

Food enthusiasts can indulge in authentic Russian dishes at numerous restaurants and cafes scattered throughout Elektrostal.

Home to notable architectural landmarks.

Elektrostal boasts impressive architecture, including the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord and the Elektrostal Palace of Culture.

Offers a wide range of recreational facilities.

Residents and visitors can enjoy various recreational activities, such as sports complexes, swimming pools, and fitness centers, enhancing the overall quality of life.

Provides a high standard of healthcare.

Elektrostal is equipped with modern medical facilities, ensuring residents have access to quality healthcare services.

Home to the Elektrostal History Museum.

The Elektrostal History Museum showcases the city’s fascinating past through exhibitions and displays.

A hub for sports enthusiasts.

Elektrostal is passionate about sports, with numerous stadiums, arenas, and sports clubs offering opportunities for athletes and spectators.

Celebrates diverse cultural festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal hosts a variety of cultural festivals, celebrating different ethnicities, traditions, and art forms.

Electric power played a significant role in its early development.

Elektrostal owes its name and initial growth to the establishment of electric power stations and the utilization of electricity in the industrial sector.

Boasts a thriving economy.

The city’s strong industrial base, coupled with its strategic location near Moscow, has contributed to Elektrostal’s prosperous economic status.

Houses the Elektrostal Drama Theater.

The Elektrostal Drama Theater is a cultural centerpiece, attracting theater enthusiasts from far and wide.

Popular destination for winter sports.

Elektrostal’s proximity to ski resorts and winter sport facilities makes it a favorite destination for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter activities.

Promotes environmental sustainability.

Elektrostal prioritizes environmental protection and sustainability, implementing initiatives to reduce pollution and preserve natural resources.

Home to renowned educational institutions.

Elektrostal is known for its prestigious schools and universities, offering a wide range of academic programs to students.

Committed to cultural preservation.

The city values its cultural heritage and takes active steps to preserve and promote traditional customs, crafts, and arts.

Hosts an annual International Film Festival.

The Elektrostal International Film Festival attracts filmmakers and cinema enthusiasts from around the world, showcasing a diverse range of films.

Encourages entrepreneurship and innovation.

Elektrostal supports aspiring entrepreneurs and fosters a culture of innovation, providing opportunities for startups and business development.

Offers a range of housing options.

Elektrostal provides diverse housing options, including apartments, houses, and residential complexes, catering to different lifestyles and budgets.

Home to notable sports teams.

Elektrostal is proud of its sports legacy, with several successful sports teams competing at regional and national levels.

Boasts a vibrant nightlife scene.

Residents and visitors can enjoy a lively nightlife in Elektrostal, with numerous bars, clubs, and entertainment venues.

Promotes cultural exchange and international relations.

Elektrostal actively engages in international partnerships, cultural exchanges, and diplomatic collaborations to foster global connections.

Surrounded by beautiful nature reserves.

Nearby nature reserves, such as the Barybino Forest and Luchinskoye Lake, offer opportunities for nature enthusiasts to explore and appreciate the region’s biodiversity.

Commemorates historical events.

The city pays tribute to significant historical events through memorials, monuments, and exhibitions, ensuring the preservation of collective memory.

Promotes sports and youth development.

Elektrostal invests in sports infrastructure and programs to encourage youth participation, health, and physical fitness.

Hosts annual cultural and artistic festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal celebrates its cultural diversity through festivals dedicated to music, dance, art, and theater.

Provides a picturesque landscape for photography enthusiasts.

The city’s scenic beauty, architectural landmarks, and natural surroundings make it a paradise for photographers.

Connects to Moscow via a direct train line.

The convenient train connection between Elektrostal and Moscow makes commuting between the two cities effortless.

A city with a bright future.

Elektrostal continues to grow and develop, aiming to become a model city in terms of infrastructure, sustainability, and quality of life for its residents.

In conclusion, Elektrostal is a fascinating city with a rich history and a vibrant present. From its origins as a center of steel production to its modern-day status as a hub for education and industry, Elektrostal has plenty to offer both residents and visitors. With its beautiful parks, cultural attractions, and proximity to Moscow, there is no shortage of things to see and do in this dynamic city. Whether you’re interested in exploring its historical landmarks, enjoying outdoor activities, or immersing yourself in the local culture, Elektrostal has something for everyone. So, next time you find yourself in the Moscow region, don’t miss the opportunity to discover the hidden gems of Elektrostal.

Q: What is the population of Elektrostal?

A: As of the latest data, the population of Elektrostal is approximately XXXX.

Q: How far is Elektrostal from Moscow?

A: Elektrostal is located approximately XX kilometers away from Moscow.

Q: Are there any famous landmarks in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to several notable landmarks, including XXXX and XXXX.

Q: What industries are prominent in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal is known for its steel production industry and is also a center for engineering and manufacturing.

Q: Are there any universities or educational institutions in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to XXXX University and several other educational institutions.

Q: What are some popular outdoor activities in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal offers several outdoor activities, such as hiking, cycling, and picnicking in its beautiful parks.

Q: Is Elektrostal well-connected in terms of transportation?

A: Yes, Elektrostal has good transportation links, including trains and buses, making it easily accessible from nearby cities.

Q: Are there any annual events or festivals in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal hosts various events and festivals throughout the year, including XXXX and XXXX.

Elektrostal's fascinating history, vibrant culture, and promising future make it a city worth exploring. For more captivating facts about cities around the world, discover the unique characteristics that define each city . Uncover the hidden gems of Moscow Oblast through our in-depth look at Kolomna. Lastly, dive into the rich industrial heritage of Teesside, a thriving industrial center with its own story to tell.

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