c assignment statements

Assignment Statement in C

How to assign values to the variables? C provides an  assignment operator  for this purpose, assigning the value to a variable using assignment operator is known as an assignment statement in C.

The function of this operator is to assign the values or values in variables on right hand side of an expression to variables on the left hand side.

The syntax of the  assignment expression

Variable = constant / variable/ expression;

The data type of the variable on left hand side should match the data type of constant/variable/expression on right hand side with a few exceptions where automatic type conversions are possible.

Examples of assignment statements,

b = c ; /* b is assigned the value of c */ a = 9 ; /* a is assigned the value 9*/ b = c+5; /* b is assigned the value of expr c+5 */

The expression on the right hand side of the assignment statement can be:

An arithmetic expression; A relational expression; A logical expression; A mixed expression.

The above mentioned expressions are different in terms of the type of operators connecting the variables and constants on the right hand side of the variable. Arithmetic operators, relational

Arithmetic operators, relational operators and logical operators are discussed in the following sections.

For example, int a; float b,c ,avg, t; avg = (b+c) / 2; /*arithmetic expression */ a = b && c; /*logical expression*/ a = (b+c) && (b<c); /* mixed expression*/

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Assignment Operators in C

In C language, the assignment operator stores a certain value in an already declared variable. A variable in C can be assigned the value in the form of a literal, another variable, or an expression.

The value to be assigned forms the right-hand operand, whereas the variable to be assigned should be the operand to the left of the " = " symbol, which is defined as a simple assignment operator in C.

In addition, C has several augmented assignment operators.

The following table lists the assignment operators supported by the C language −

Simple Assignment Operator (=)

The = operator is one of the most frequently used operators in C. As per the ANSI C standard, all the variables must be declared in the beginning. Variable declaration after the first processing statement is not allowed.

You can declare a variable to be assigned a value later in the code, or you can initialize it at the time of declaration.

You can use a literal, another variable, or an expression in the assignment statement.

Once a variable of a certain type is declared, it cannot be assigned a value of any other type. In such a case the C compiler reports a type mismatch error.

In C, the expressions that refer to a memory location are called "lvalue" expressions. A lvalue may appear as either the left-hand or right-hand side of an assignment.

On the other hand, the term rvalue refers to a data value that is stored at some address in memory. A rvalue is an expression that cannot have a value assigned to it which means an rvalue may appear on the right-hand side but not on the left-hand side of an assignment.

Variables are lvalues and so they may appear on the left-hand side of an assignment. Numeric literals are rvalues and so they may not be assigned and cannot appear on the left-hand side. Take a look at the following valid and invalid statements −

Augmented Assignment Operators

In addition to the = operator, C allows you to combine arithmetic and bitwise operators with the = symbol to form augmented or compound assignment operator. The augmented operators offer a convenient shortcut for combining arithmetic or bitwise operation with assignment.

For example, the expression "a += b" has the same effect of performing "a + b" first and then assigning the result back to the variable "a".

Run the code and check its output −

Similarly, the expression "a <<= b" has the same effect of performing "a << b" first and then assigning the result back to the variable "a".

Here is a C program that demonstrates the use of assignment operators in C −

When you compile and execute the above program, it will produce the following result −

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• Assignment Statement

An Assignment statement is a statement that is used to set a value to the variable name in a program .

Assignment statement allows a variable to hold different types of values during its program lifespan. Another way of understanding an assignment statement is, it stores a value in the memory location which is denoted by a variable name.

The symbol used in an assignment statement is called as an operator . The symbol is ‘=’ .

Note: The Assignment Operator should never be used for Equality purpose which is double equal sign ‘==’.

The Basic Syntax of Assignment Statement in a programming language is :

variable = expression ;

variable = variable name

expression = it could be either a direct value or a math expression/formula or a function call

Few programming languages such as Java, C, C++ require data type to be specified for the variable, so that it is easy to allocate memory space and store those values during program execution.

data_type variable_name = value ;

In the above-given examples, Variable ‘a’ is assigned a value in the same statement as per its defined data type. A data type is only declared for Variable ‘b’. In the 3 rd line of code, Variable ‘a’ is reassigned the value 25. The 4 th line of code assigns the value for Variable ‘b’.

Assignment Statement Forms

This is one of the most common forms of Assignment Statements. Here the Variable name is defined, initialized, and assigned a value in the same statement. This form is generally used when we want to use the Variable quite a few times and we do not want to change its value very frequently.

Tuple Assignment

Generally, we use this form when we want to define and assign values for more than 1 variable at the same time. This saves time and is an easy method. Note that here every individual variable has a different value assigned to it.

(Code In Python)

Sequence Assignment

(Code in Python)

Multiple-target Assignment or Chain Assignment

In this format, a single value is assigned to two or more variables.

Augmented Assignment

In this format, we use the combination of mathematical expressions and values for the Variable. Other augmented Assignment forms are: &=, -=, **=, etc.

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Few Rules for Assignment Statement

Few Rules to be followed while writing the Assignment Statements are:

• Variable names must begin with a letter, underscore, non-number character. Each language has its own conventions.
• The Data type defined and the variable value must match.
• A variable name once defined can only be used once in the program. You cannot define it again to store other types of value.
• If you assign a new value to an existing variable, it will overwrite the previous value and assign the new value.

FAQs on Assignment Statement

Q1. Which of the following shows the syntax of an  assignment statement ?

• variablename = expression ;
• expression = variable ;
• datatype = variablename ;
• expression = datatype variable ;

Answer – Option A.

Q2. What is an expression ?

• Same as statement
• List of statements that make up a program
• Combination of literals, operators, variables, math formulas used to calculate a value
• Numbers expressed in digits

Answer – Option C.

Q3. What are the two steps that take place when an  assignment statement  is executed?

• Evaluate the expression, store the value in the variable
• Reserve memory, fill it with value
• Evaluate variable, store the result
• Store the value in the variable, evaluate the expression.

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Assignment operators are used for assigning value to a variable. The left side operand of the assignment operator is a variable and right side operand of the assignment operator is a value. The value on the right side must be of the same data-type of the variable on the left side otherwise the compiler will raise an error.

Different types of assignment operators are shown below:

1. “=”: This is the simplest assignment operator. This operator is used to assign the value on the right to the variable on the left. Example:

2. “+=” : This operator is combination of ‘+’ and ‘=’ operators. This operator first adds the current value of the variable on left to the value on the right and then assigns the result to the variable on the left. Example:

If initially value stored in a is 5. Then (a += 6) = 11.

3. “-=” This operator is combination of ‘-‘ and ‘=’ operators. This operator first subtracts the value on the right from the current value of the variable on left and then assigns the result to the variable on the left. Example:

If initially value stored in a is 8. Then (a -= 6) = 2.

4. “*=” This operator is combination of ‘*’ and ‘=’ operators. This operator first multiplies the current value of the variable on left to the value on the right and then assigns the result to the variable on the left. Example:

If initially value stored in a is 5. Then (a *= 6) = 30.

5. “/=” This operator is combination of ‘/’ and ‘=’ operators. This operator first divides the current value of the variable on left by the value on the right and then assigns the result to the variable on the left. Example:

If initially value stored in a is 6. Then (a /= 2) = 3.

Below example illustrates the various Assignment Operators:

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C Assignment Operators

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An assignment operation assigns the value of the right-hand operand to the storage location named by the left-hand operand. Therefore, the left-hand operand of an assignment operation must be a modifiable l-value. After the assignment, an assignment expression has the value of the left operand but isn't an l-value.

assignment-expression :   conditional-expression   unary-expression assignment-operator assignment-expression

assignment-operator : one of   = *= /= %= += -= <<= >>= &= ^= |=

The assignment operators in C can both transform and assign values in a single operation. C provides the following assignment operators:

In assignment, the type of the right-hand value is converted to the type of the left-hand value, and the value is stored in the left operand after the assignment has taken place. The left operand must not be an array, a function, or a constant. The specific conversion path, which depends on the two types, is outlined in detail in Type Conversions .

• Assignment Operators

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Assignment and shorthand assignment operator in C

Quick links.

• Shorthand assignment

Assignment operator is used to assign value to a variable (memory location). There is a single assignment operator = in C. It evaluates expression on right side of = symbol and assigns evaluated value to left side the variable.

For example consider the below assignment table.

The RHS of assignment operator must be a constant, expression or variable. Whereas LHS must be a variable (valid memory location).

Shorthand assignment operator

C supports a short variant of assignment operator called compound assignment or shorthand assignment. Shorthand assignment operator combines one of the arithmetic or bitwise operators with assignment operator.

For example, consider following C statements.

The above expression a = a + 2 is equivalent to a += 2 .

Similarly, there are many shorthand assignment operators. Below is a list of shorthand assignment operators in C.

Assignment Statement (=) in C Language

Assignment Statement in C language is a statement that assigns or set a value to a variable during program execution. Assignement statements in programming allows the programmer to change or set the value stored in variable using Assignment(=) Operator. The process of assigning the value to a variable using the assignment(=) operator is known as an assignment statement in C. Assignment(=) Operator Assigns The value or value in a variable on right hand side to the variable on the left hand side. The data type of the variable on right hand side should match to the data type of variable or constant or expression on right hand side. C Language has different (types) ways to assigns values to variable, we will learn from the diagram given below.

  Syntax :1.Basic Assignment statement

Data Type Variable_name = variable/ constant /expression; The Variable_name is assigned the values in variable or constants or expression. The data type of the variable/ constant/expression on right hand side should match to the left hand side variable Variable_name with a few exceptions where automatic type conversions are possible.

Naming Rules or conventions for Assignment Statement

Programmer need to follow some Rules while writing the Assignment Statements in C program: 1. Variable names should not begin or start with number. Variable name can a letter, underscore, non-number any character like alphabet,underscore. 2. A new value assigned to an existing variable will overwrite the previous value and assign the new value to the variable. 3. The Data type defined and the variable value must match. 4.All the statements declaration must end with a semi-colon. (;) 5. The name of variable must be meaningful and clearly describe the purpose of variable name. 6.Duplicate name of variable is not allowed i.e the name once defined can only be used once in the program. programmer cannot redefine it to store other types of value.

Example 1: C program to illustrates the use of Simple Assignment statement .

/* e.g. C program to illustrate the use of simple Assignment statement or basic of assignment statements */ #include<stdio.h> int main() { int a,b,c; float avg; a = 9 ; c = 10 ; b = c ; printf("\n a=%d",a); printf("\n b=%d",b); printf("\n c=%d",c); b = c+3; printf("\n Value of b after b=c+3-->%d",b); avg = (b+c) / 2.0; printf("\n Value of avg=%.2f",avg); a = b && c; printf("\n a=b&&c--->%d",a); a = (b+c) && (b <c); printf("\n a=(b+c) && (b <c)--->%d",a); return(0); } Output: a=9 b=10 c=10 Value of b after b=c+3-->13 Value of avg=11.50 a=b&&c--->1 a=(b+c) && (b <c)--->0

Program Explanation: 1. In the above program a,b,c is declared as integer variable to store the numbers where as avg is declared as float. int a,b,c; float avg; 2. a = 9 ; c = 10 ; b = c ; variable a is assigned value 9. variable c is assigned value 10. and b is assigned the value of c. Here value of b is 10 .i.e. b=10 3. printf("\n a=%d",a); printf("\n b=%d",b); printf("\n c=%d",c); The above statements displays the integer values of variable a,b,c a=9 b=10 c=10 4. b = c+3; printf("\n Value of b after b=c+3-->%d",b); here 3 is added in c(value of vaiable c is 10) it becomes 13 and value 13 is assigned to left hand side variable b , here b is 13 i.e. b=13. the printf() displays output " Value of b after b=c+3--->13". 5. avg = (b+c) / 2.0; printf("\n Value of avg=%.2f",avg); After execution of a=(b+c)/2.0 the value of a is 11.50 so the output shown by printf() is "Value of avg=11.50". 6. a = b && c; printf("\n a=b&&c--->%d",a); Logical anding operation is performed on the values in the variables a and b. The value of c=10 and the value of b=13. After succesful execution of this statement value of variable a is 1 or 'true'. Any value in a variable except 'zero' (0 i.e false) is considered 'true' or 1. The variable a is assigned to the integer value 1 which is true. so a=1 && 1 is a=1 or a=true && true is a=true or a=1. printf("\n a=b&&c--->%d",a); displays output a=b&&c---->1 7. a = (b+c) && (b <c); printf("\n a=(b+c) && (b <c)--->%d",a); here expression (b+c) is true(1) and (b <c) is false(0). so the entire expression evaluates to false(0) and the value is assigned to the variable a i.e a=0. the printf() display the message " a=(b+c) && (b <c)--->0 "

2.Compound Assignment: As we learn in above section the simple assignment statement is used to assign values in right hand side variable to left hand side variable using = operator. A compound assignment operator has a shorter syntax to assign the result. A compound assignment operator or statements are used to do mathematical operation in shortcut. Two operands needs to perform the compound assignment operations. The operation is performed on the two operands before the result is assigned to the first operand. compound assignment operator are binary operators that modify the variable to their left hand side using the value or variable to their right.

Syntax: expression1+= expression2; These type of expression can also be written in expanded form, that is expression1=expression1+expression2;

+= Operator is called compound assignment operator. C Language provides the following list of compound Assignment Operators. 1.   += plus equal to += is Addition and Assignment operators. It add the value of the variable1 and variable2 and assigns the result to variable1. e.g. X+=Y In the above expression the addition of values in X and Y is performd and assigns result to X. The expression X+=Y is same as X=X+Y 2.   -= minus equal to -= is Subtraction and Assignment operators. It Subtract the value of the variable2 from variable1 and assigns the result to variable1. e.g. X-=Y In the above expression the subtraction is performd,the value of X is subtracted from the value in X and assigns result to X. The expression X-=Y is same as X=X-Y 3.   *= Multiplication equal to *= is Multiplication and Assignment operators. It Multiply the value of the variable1 and variable2 and assigns the result to variable1. e.g. X*=Y In the above expression the Multiplication is performd,the value of X is Multiplyed to the value in Y and assigns result to X. The expression X*=Y is same as X=X*Y 4.   /= Division equal to *= is Division and Assignment operators. It Divides the value of the variable1 byvariable2 and assigns the result to variable1. e.g. X/=Y In the above expression the Division is performd,the value of X is Divided by the value in Y and assigns result to X. The expression X/=Y is same as X=X/Y 5.   %= Modulus equal to %= is Modulus and Assignment operators. It Divides the value of the variable1 byvariable2 and assigns the remainder to variable1. e.g. X%=Y In the above expression the Division is performd,the value of X is Divided by the value in Y and assigns remainder to X. The expression X%=Y is same as X=X%Y 6.   &= Bitwise and equal to &= is Bitwise AND and Assignment operators. It performs the bitwise AND with variable1 and variable2 and assigns the result to variable1. e.g. X&=Y In the above expression the bitwise anding operation is performd, after executing the X&=Y expression the result is assigned to X. The expression X&=Y is same as X=X&Y 7.   |= Bitwise OR equal to != is Bitwise OR Assignment operators. It performs the bitwise OR with variable1 and variable2 and assigns the result to variable1. e.g. X|=Y In the above expression the bitwise OR operation is performd, after executing the X|=Y expression the result is assigned to X. The expression X|=Y is same as X=X|Y 8.   ^= Bitwise XOR equal to ^= is Bitwise XOR Assignment operators. It performs the bitwise XOR with variable1 and variable2 and assigns the result to variable1. e.g. X^=Y In the above expression the bitwise XOR operation is performd, after executing the X^=Y expression the result is assigned to X. The expression X^=Y is same as X=X^Y. 9.   Bitwise left shift and equal to e.g. X In the above expression the bitwise left shift operation is performd, after executing the X The expression X 10.   >>= Bitwise right shift and equal to >>= is Bitwise Right Shift and Assignment operators. It performs the bitwise Right shift with variable1 and assigns the result to variable1. e.g. X>>=Y In the above expression the bitwise right shift operation is performd, after executing the X>>=Y expression the result is assigned to X. The expression X>>=Y is same as X=X>>Y Lets Learn and practice The Assigment operator in detail using the following C program.

2. Assignment Operator complete C Program.

#include <stdio.h> int main() {   /* Simple Assignment*/   int x,i;  int y,j;  float c=30.0;  float d=5.0;  /*Nested or Multiple Assignment */  x = i = 5;  y = j = 3;  /*Compound Assignment*/   x += y;   printf("After Add and Assign :%d \n",x);  i -= j;  printf("After Subtract and Assign :%d \n",i);  x *= y;  printf("After Multiple and Assign :%d \n",x);  c /= d;  printf("After Divide and Assign :%f \n",c);  j %= i;  printf("After Modulo and Assign :%d \n",j);  j &= i; printf("After Bitwise And and Assign :%d \n",j);  j |= i;   printf("After Bitwise OR and Assign :%d \n",j);   x ^= y;  printf("After Bitwise XOR and Assign :%d \n",a);   x   printf ("After Bitwise Left Shift and Assign :%d \n",a);  x >>= 3;  printf ("After Bitwise Right Shift and Assign :%d \n",a);   return(0); }

Output: After Add and Assign :8 After Subtract and Assign :2 After Multiple and Assign :24 After Divide and Assign :6.000000 After Modulo and Assign :1 After Bitwise And and Assign :0 After Bitwise OR and Assign :2 After Bitwise XOR and Assign :27 After Bitwise Left Shift and Assign :108 After Bitwise Right Shift and Assign :13

/** * C program to check leap year using conditional operator ? */ #include <stdio.h> int main() { int year; /* * Input the year from user */ printf("Enter any year: "); scanf("%d", &year); /* * If year%4==0 and year%100==0 then * print leap year * else if year%400==0 then * print leap year * else * print common year */ (year%4==0 && year%100!=0) ? printf("LEAP YEAR") : (year%400 ==0 ) ? printf("LEAP YEAR") : printf("COMMON YEAR"); return 0; } Output: Enter any year 2004 LEAP YEAR

/** * C program to check leap year using conditional operator ? */ #include <stdio.h> int main() { int year; /* * Input the year from user */ printf("Enter any year: "); scanf("%d", &year); /* If year%4==0 and year%100==0 then print leap year else if year%400==0 then print leap year else print common year */ (year%4==0 && year%100!=0) ? printf("LEAP YEAR") : (year%400 ==0 ) ? printf("LEAP YEAR") : printf("COMMON YEAR"); return 0; } Output: Enter any year 2004 LEAP YEAR

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Assignment operators.

Assignment operators modify the value of the object.

[ edit ] Definitions

Copy assignment replaces the contents of the object a with a copy of the contents of b ( b is not modified). For class types, this is performed in a special member function, described in copy assignment operator .

For non-class types, copy and move assignment are indistinguishable and are referred to as direct assignment .

Compound assignment replace the contents of the object a with the result of a binary operation between the previous value of a and the value of b .

[ edit ] Assignment operator syntax

The assignment expressions have the form

• ↑ target-expr must have higher precedence than an assignment expression.
• ↑ new-value cannot be a comma expression, because its precedence is lower.

[ edit ] Built-in simple assignment operator

For the built-in simple assignment, the object referred to by target-expr is modified by replacing its value with the result of new-value . target-expr must be a modifiable lvalue.

The result of a built-in simple assignment is an lvalue of the type of target-expr , referring to target-expr . If target-expr is a bit-field , the result is also a bit-field.

[ edit ] Assignment from an expression

If new-value is an expression, it is implicitly converted to the cv-unqualified type of target-expr . When target-expr is a bit-field that cannot represent the value of the expression, the resulting value of the bit-field is implementation-defined.

If target-expr and new-value identify overlapping objects, the behavior is undefined (unless the overlap is exact and the type is the same).

In overload resolution against user-defined operators , for every type T , the following function signatures participate in overload resolution:

For every enumeration or pointer to member type T , optionally volatile-qualified, the following function signature participates in overload resolution:

For every pair A1 and A2 , where A1 is an arithmetic type (optionally volatile-qualified) and A2 is a promoted arithmetic type, the following function signature participates in overload resolution:

[ edit ] Built-in compound assignment operator

The behavior of every built-in compound-assignment expression target-expr   op   =   new-value is exactly the same as the behavior of the expression target-expr   =   target-expr   op   new-value , except that target-expr is evaluated only once.

The requirements on target-expr and new-value of built-in simple assignment operators also apply. Furthermore:

• For + = and - = , the type of target-expr must be an arithmetic type or a pointer to a (possibly cv-qualified) completely-defined object type .
• For all other compound assignment operators, the type of target-expr must be an arithmetic type.

In overload resolution against user-defined operators , for every pair A1 and A2 , where A1 is an arithmetic type (optionally volatile-qualified) and A2 is a promoted arithmetic type, the following function signatures participate in overload resolution:

For every pair I1 and I2 , where I1 is an integral type (optionally volatile-qualified) and I2 is a promoted integral type, the following function signatures participate in overload resolution:

For every optionally cv-qualified object type T , the following function signatures participate in overload resolution:

[ edit ] Example

Possible output:

[ edit ] Defect reports

The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.

[ edit ] See also

Operator precedence

Operator overloading

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C structures, c reference, c statements.

A computer program is a list of "instructions" to be "executed" by a computer.

In a programming language, these programming instructions are called statements .

A " C program " is a list of programming statements .

The following statement "instructs" the compiler to print the text "Hello World" to the screen:

It is important that you end the statement with a semicolon ;

If you forget the semicolon ( ; ), an error will occur and the program will not run:

Many Statements

Most C programs contain many statements.

The statements are executed, one by one, in the same order as they are written:

Example explained

From the example above, we have three statements:

• printf("Hello World!");
• printf("Have a good day!");

The first statement is executed first (print "Hello World!" to the screen). Then the second statement is executed (print "Have a good day!" to the screen). And at last, the third statement is executed (end the C program successfully).

You will learn more about statements while reading this tutorial. For now, just remember to always end them with a semicolon to avoid any errors.

Coming up: The next chapter will teach you how to control the output and how to insert new lines to make it more readable.

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Next: Unions , Previous: Overlaying Structures , Up: Structures   [ Contents ][ Index ]

15.13 Structure Assignment

Assignment operating on a structure type copies the structure. The left and right operands must have the same type. Here is an example:

Notionally, assignment on a structure type works by copying each of the fields. Thus, if any of the fields has the const qualifier, that structure type does not allow assignment:

See Assignment Expressions .

When a structure type has a field which is an array, as here,

structure assigment such as r1 = r2 copies array fields’ contents just as it copies all the other fields.

This is the only way in C that you can operate on the whole contents of a array with one operation: when the array is contained in a struct . You can’t copy the contents of the data field as an array, because

would convert the array objects (as always) to pointers to the zeroth elements of the arrays (of type struct record * ), and the assignment would be invalid because the left operand is not an lvalue.

• C All Exercises & Assignments

Write a C program to check whether a number is even or odd

Description:

Write a C program to check whether a number is even or odd.

Note: Even number is divided by 2 and give the remainder 0 but odd number is not divisible by 2 for eg. 4 is divisible by 2 and 9 is not divisible by 2.

Conditions:

• Create a variable with name of number.
• Take value from user for number variable.

Enter the Number=9 Number is Odd.

Write a C program to swap value of two variables using the third variable.

You need to create a C program to swap values of two variables using the third variable.

You can use a temp variable as a blank variable to swap the value of x and y.

• Take three variables for eg. x, y and temp.
• Swap the value of x and y variable.

Write a C program to check whether a user is eligible to vote or not.

You need to create a C program to check whether a user is eligible to vote or not.

• Minimum age required for voting is 18.
• You can use decision making statement.

Enter your age=28 User is eligible to vote

Write a C program to check whether an alphabet is Vowel or Consonant

You need to create a C program to check whether an alphabet is Vowel or Consonant.

• Create a character type variable with name of alphabet and take the value from the user.
• You can use conditional statements.

Enter an alphabet: O O is a vowel.

Write a C program to find the maximum number between three numbers

You need to write a C program to find the maximum number between three numbers.

• Create three variables in c with name of number1, number2 and number3
• Find out the maximum number using the nested if-else statement

Enter three numbers: 10 20 30 Number3 is max with value of 30

Write a C program to check whether number is positive, negative or zero

You need to write a C program to check whether number is positive, negative or zero

• Create variable with name of number and the value will taken by user or console
• Create this c program code using else if ladder statement

Enter a number : 10 10 is positive

Write a C program to calculate Electricity bill.

You need to write a C program to calculate electricity bill using if-else statements.

• For first 50 units – Rs. 3.50/unit
• For next 100 units – Rs. 4.00/unit
• For next 100 units – Rs. 5.20/unit
• For units above 250 – Rs. 6.50/unit
• You can use conditional statements.

Enter the units consumed=278.90 Electricity Bill=1282.84 Rupees

Write a C program to print 1 to 10 numbers using the while loop

You need to create a C program to print 1 to 10 numbers using the while loop

• Create a variable for the loop iteration
• Use increment operator in while loop

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

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