case study bangla meaning

Case Study Meaning In Bengali

সাধারণ উদাহরণ এবং সংজ্ঞা সহ case study এর আসল অর্থ জানুন।., definitions of case study.

1 . নির্দিষ্ট সময়ের মধ্যে একটি নির্দিষ্ট ব্যক্তি, গোষ্ঠী বা পরিস্থিতির বিকাশের উপর গবেষণার একটি প্রক্রিয়া বা রেকর্ড।

1 . a process or record of research into the development of a particular person, group, or situation over a period of time.

2 . একটি থিসিস বা নীতি ব্যাখ্যা করতে ব্যবহৃত বা বিশ্লেষণ করা কিছুর একটি বিশেষ উদাহরণ।

2 . a particular instance of something used or analysed in order to illustrate a thesis or principle.

Examples of Case Study :

1 . উদাহরণস্বরূপ, আমাদের কেস স্টাডিতে 48 বছর বয়সী লোকটি

1 . For example, the 48 year old man in our case study

2 . আপনি কেন একটি কেস স্টাডি প্রয়োজন জানেন.

2 . You know why you need a case study .

3 . কিভাবে $2 মিলিয়ন দিয়ে অবসর নেবেন [কেস স্টাডি]

3 . How to Retire with $2 Million [ Case Study ]

4 . কিভাবে 8000 ব্লগ মন্তব্য পেতে: একটি কেস স্টাডি

4 . How to Get 8000 Blog Comments: A Case Study

5 . (একজন নির্যাতিত বিষমকামী পুরুষের কেস স্টাডি।

5 . (A case study of an abused heterosexual man.

6 . 01:19 - ফলাফল দিয়ে আপনার কেস স্টাডি শুরু করুন

6 . 01:19 – Start your case study with the result

7 . নতুন কেস স্টাডি: ইস্টার্ন ব্যাংক এবং ভালোর জন্য আমাদের সাথে যোগ দিন

7 . New Case Study : Eastern Bank and Join Us For Good

8 . প্রকৃতপক্ষে, সমকামী বিবাহের প্রচারাভিযান কনফর্মিজমে একটি কেস স্টাডি প্রদান করে, আধুনিক যুগে কীভাবে নরম কর্তৃত্ববাদ এবং সমবয়সীদের চাপ প্রয়োগ করা হয় তার একটি তীক্ষ্ণ অন্তর্দৃষ্টি যে কোন দৃষ্টিভঙ্গিকে প্রান্তিক এবং শেষ পর্যন্ত নির্মূল করার জন্য। বৈষম্যমূলক, "ফোবিক"। ,

8 . indeed, the gay-marriage campaign provides a case study in conformism, a searing insight into how soft authoritarianism and peer pressure are applied in the modern age to sideline and eventually do away with any view considered overly judgmental, outdated, discriminatory,“phobic”,

9 . কেস স্টাডি হোমস আসলে একটি স্কেচবুক।

9 . Case Study Homes is actually a sketchbook.

10 . কেস স্টাডি সারাংশ এছাড়াও স্বাগত জানাই.

10 . case study abstracts will also be welcomed.

11 . অন্য কেস স্টাডি, পারডিস, মূল্যবান প্রভাব।

11 . The other case study , Pardis, valued impact.

12 . কেস স্টাডি: আহ, সাইবারসেক্সের কালজয়ী শিল্প।

12 . Case Study : Ah, the timeless art of cybersex.

13 . Tazemasa.com এর সাথে আমাদের আজকের কেস স্টাডি!

13 . Our case study for today is with Tazemasa.com!

14 . ifpug তাত্ক্ষণিক কেস স্টাডি পুরস্কার প্রোগ্রাম চালু করেছে।

14 . ifpug is launching a snap case study award program.

15 . কেস স্টাডি #15: আপনার দর্শকদের কাছে কম বিকল্প অফার করুন

15 . Case Study #15: Offer fewer options to your visitors

16 . গ্রীসের পেলোপনিস প্রধান কেস স্টাডি গঠন করে।

16 . The Peloponnese in Greece forms the main case study .

17 . কেস স্টাডি: কীভাবে অ্যান তার পছন্দের কাজটি করার জন্য তার চাকরি ছেড়ে দেন

17 . Case Study : How Ann quit her job to do what she loves

18 . (চিত্র. কেস স্টাডি: লিন্ডা স্প্যানার একটি নতুন অ্যাপার্টমেন্ট চায়৷)

18 . (Fig. Case study : Linda Spanner wants a new apartment.)

19 . কেস স্টাডি: এসইও ছাড়া গুগলকে কীভাবে আয়ত্ত করা যায় (৪৩ দিনে)

19 . Case Study : How to Dominate Google Without SEO (in 43 Days)

20 . এবং আমি কয়েক ছোট সপ্তাহে "SEO কেস স্টাডি" এর জন্য #5 হিট করেছি।

20 . And I hit the #5 for “SEO case study ” in a few short weeks.

21 . আমাদের দল একটি কেস-স্টাডিতে কাজ করছে।

21 . Our team is working on a case-study.

22 . এটি একটি কেস-স্টাডি।

22 . This is a case-study.

23 . তিনি কেস-স্টাডি বিশ্লেষণ করেছেন।

23 . She analyzed the case-study.

24 . এটি একটি ক্লাসিক কেস-স্টাডি।

24 . This is a classic case-study.

25 . কেস-স্টাডি আকর্ষণীয়।

25 . The case-study is interesting.

26 . এই কেস-স্টাডিটি ব্যাপকভাবে উদ্ধৃত করা হয়।

26 . This case-study is widely cited.

27 . আমাদের কেস-স্টাডি পর্যালোচনা করতে হবে।

27 . We need to review the case-study.

28 . এই কেস-স্টাডি ভালভাবে বিবেচিত হয়.

28 . This case-study is well-regarded.

29 . এই কেস-স্টাডি থেকে আমরা শিখতে পারি।

29 . We can learn from this case-study.

30 . আমি এই কেস-স্টাডি দ্বারা মুগ্ধ।

30 . I'm fascinated by this case-study.

31 . এই কেস-স্টাডি নিয়ে তিনি একটি বই লিখেছেন।

31 . He wrote a book on this case-study.

32 . আমি কেস-স্টাডি পড়ার পরামর্শ দিই।

32 . I recommend reading the case-study.

33 . এই কেস-স্টাডিটি ভালভাবে নথিভুক্ত।

33 . This case-study is well-documented.

34 . কেস-স্টাডি মূল অন্তর্দৃষ্টি প্রকাশ করে।

34 . The case-study reveals key insights.

35 . তিনি কেস-স্টাডির জন্য তথ্য সংগ্রহ করেন।

35 . He collected data for the case-study.

36 . তিনি কেস-স্টাডির ফলাফল উপস্থাপন করেন।

36 . He presented the case-study findings.

37 . এই কেস-স্টাডি ব্যাপকভাবে স্বীকৃত।

37 . This case-study is widely recognized.

38 . এই কেস-স্টাডি অত্যন্ত প্রভাবশালী।

38 . This case-study is highly influential.

39 . কেস-স্টাডি আমাদের ফলাফলকে যাচাই করে।

39 . The case-study validates our findings.

40 . এই কেস-স্টাডি ব্যাপকভাবে স্বীকৃত।

40 . This case-study is widely acknowledged.

Similar Words

Case Study meaning in Bengali - Learn actual meaning of Case Study with simple examples & definitions. Also you will learn Antonyms , synonyms & best example sentences. This dictionary also provide you 10 languages so you can find meaning of Case Study in Hindi, Tamil , Telugu , Bengali , Kannada , Marathi , Malayalam , Gujarati , Punjabi , Urdu.

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case study MEANING IN BENGALI

यह शब्द ( case study ) अभी हमारे डाटाबेस मे नही है ।.

• शब्द ( case study ) के अ़क्षरों मे गलती।
• यह शब्द ( case study ) डाटाबेस मे ना हो ।

इस शब्द को डिक्शनरी कम्युनिटी में पूछने के लिए - यहाँ क्लिक करें

Hinkhoj english bengali dictionary: case study.

case study - Meaning in Bengali. case study definition, pronuniation, antonyms, synonyms and example sentences in Bengali. translation in Bengali for case study with similar and opposite words. case study ka bengali mein matalab, arth aur prayog

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case study Meaning in Bengali

কেস স্টাডি,

• Similer Words
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Similer Words:

Case study শব্দের বাংলা অর্থ এর উদাহরণ:.

শহুরে ইতিহাস: একটি কেস স্টাডি দীপালি বড়ুয়া তার বইয়ে লিখেছেন: "ডিগ্রুগড়কে ১৮৪০ সালে জেলা সদর দপ্তর । “ইকোনমিক মুবিলিটি এ্যান্ড সোশাল চেঞ্জ : এ কেস স্টাডি অব দ্য সানটাল্স,” রাজশাহী ইউনিভার্সিটি স্টাডিজ, পার্ট-১, ভলি-১৮, ১৯৯০ । তিনি অনেক পুরস্কারপ্রাপ্ত এবং বেস্টসেলিং কেস স্টাডি লিখেছেন যা ম্যানেজমেন্ট বিষয়গুলি পড়ানোর ক্ষেত্রে ব্যবহৃত হয় । এবং আগা খান বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ে শিক্ষার সময় বুলবুল অনেক গবেষণা পত্র এবং কেস স্টাডি লিখেছিলেন । কেস স্টাডি । পুনর্বিবেচনার পল্লী দারিদ্র্য: বাংলাদেশ কেস স্টাডি হিসাবে ১৯৯৫, (মাহবুব হোসেনের সাথে) এসইজে ইন্টারন্যাশনাল ইন্ডিয়া প্রাইভেট । রাম জন্মভূমি বনাম বাবরি মসজিদঃ হিন্দু-মুসলিম সংঘাতের একটি কেস স্টাডি । দৃষ্টিভঙ্গি (আখিরাত ও কেয়ামত) বেগলি, ওয়েইন ই, দ্যা গার্ডেন অব দ্যা তাজমহল: এ কেস স্টাডি অব মুগল আকিটেকচারাল প্ল্যানিং এন্ড ‍সিম্বলিজম, ইন: ওয়েসকোট, জেমস এল; । একাধিক কেস স্টাডি করে দেখা গেছে শরীরে এই খনিজটির ঘাটতি দেখা দিলে অল্প সময়ের মধ্যেই ব্লাড । মুফতি মুহাম্মদ তাকি উসমানির পদ্ধতি : সহিহ বুখারীর লেনদেন অধ্যায়ের একটি কেস স্টাডি " । ডুজনবেরি, এবং লরেন্স এম হ্যালসিওন লেখকদের একটি দলের উৎপাদনশীলতার উপর কেস স্টাডি চালিয়ে দেখেছেন, দলটি তথ্য আদান প্রদান অব্যহ রেখে সহযোগীতা মূলক লেখার । সংজ্ঞা অনুসারে, এটির উচ্চাকাঙ্ক্ষায় অবশ্য মাইক্রোহিস্টোরিটিকে সাধারণ কেস স্টাডি থেকে যতটা সম্ভব আলাদা করা যায় কারণ মাইক্রোহিস্টোরি "ছোট জায়গায় বড় । মহিলাদের প্রবেশাধিকার : পাকিস্তানে উচ্চ শিক্ষায় মহিলাদের প্রবেশের একটি কেস স্টাডি । Encyclopedia Brotannica [online]. বার্ডলাইফ ইন্টারন্যাশনাল মূল পাতা বার্ডলাইফ ইন্টারন্যাশনাল: বিশ্বের পাখি প্রজাতিসমূহের বর্তমান অবস্থা ( কেস স্টাডি ) । নিউরোসাইকোলজি অভ কগনেটিভ ফাংশান, ১৯৮২ অ্যানিমেল ইন্টেলিজেন্স, ১৯৮৫ ব্লাইন্ডসাইট: কেস স্টাডি অ্যান্ড ইমপ্লিকেশনস, ১৯৮৬ আইএসবিএন ০১৯৮৫২১২৯৪ থট উইথআউট ল্যাঙ্গুয়েজ, ।   মুহাজির থেকে মুজাহিদ, সাহায্যের মাধ্যমে যুদ্ধের রাজনীতি: (এনডাব্লিউএফপিতে আফগান শরণার্থীদের একটি কেস স্টাডি ) । ভট্টাচার্য চিরঞ্জীব বনৌষধি (আয়ুর্বেদ) গেরাল্ডিন ফোর্বস পজিটিভিজম ইন বেঙ্গল: আ কেস স্টাডি ইন দ্য ট্রান্সমিশন অ্যান্ড অ্যাসিমিলেশন অফ অ্যান আইডিওলজি (বঙ্গবিদ্যা) । দিনাজপুর-রংপুর জেলার শিক্ষা বিবর্তন,ড. মুহম্মদ মনিরুজ্জামান জমিনদারস্ অব বাঙলা : কেস স্টাডি অব সিলেক্টেড রংপুর জমিনদারস্ ১৯৭৩-১৯৫০,ড. মুহম্মদ মনিরুজ্জামান্,প্রকাশনিঃ । বিচ্ছিন্ন কিছু কেস স্টাডি রতিকালীন মাথাধরার সাথে সুনির্দিষ্ট কিছু ড্রাগে যেমন এমিওডারনে, সুডোএফেড্রিন । উপস্থাপনার বিশ্লেষণ” শিরোনামে ২০১৫ সালে ফারহানা ইসমাইল কর্তৃক Ask Imam এর কেস স্টাডি সম্পন্ন হয়েছে ।

case study's Usage Examples:

A case study involves an up-close, in-depth, and detailed examination of a particular case or cases, within a real-world context.

, descriptive-longitudinal case study ), research problem, hypotheses, independent and dependent variables, experimental.

Responses to Child Sexual Abuse's report into Case Study 28 – Catholic Church authorities in Ballarat: This case study exposed a catastrophic failure in the leadership.

The Big Integer case study was in use prior to 2000.

It was replaced by the Marine Biology case study .

Foundation, and is a case study in several B-schools including Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad and SPJIMR.

The case study reveals, Divya Bhaskar.

Highway 19 was a case study for The Saskatchewan Center for Excellence in Transportation and Infrastructure.

One case study analysis connected the fantasy with sexual masochism, and suggested that.

Freud published a case study about Dora, Fragments of an Analysis of a Case of Hysteria (1905 [1901].

subject of a lengthy profile on the Alberta Online Encyclopedia, as a case study of a Franco-Albertan settlement.

Foundation, and is a case study in several B-schools including Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat and SVNIT.

The case study reveals, Jagat Darpan.

gradually learned some basic social skills, but even by the end of their case study , she still exhibited many behavioral traits characteristic of an unsocialized.

survey; scrutiny; examination; resurvey;

inability; classicism; Romanticism; unrestraint; indiscipline;

case study 's Meaning in Other Sites

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"Find the accurate English to Bangla and Bangla to English translation with our comprehensive dictionary. Get definitions, synonyms, and examples of usage in both English and Bangla. Our database is constantly updated for the most accurate results."

English to Bengali dictionary

An English to Bengali dictionary is a reference resource that provides translations from English to the Bengali language. It is designed for speakers of English who want to learn or improve their Bengali language skills. The dictionary typically includes definitions for English words, along with their Bengali translations and pronunciation guides. It may also include additional information such as usage examples, grammar rules, and cultural notes. An English to Bengali dictionary is a valuable tool for anyone who wants to communicate effectively and accurately in Bengali, whether for personal or professional reasons. It can be used as a supplement to language classes, or as a standalone resource for self-study.

Most Searched Word (English To Bangla)

Wondering which English words Bengalis search for the most? Look no further! This section reveals the top 15 English words that Bengalis are curious about. We've listed them alongside their Bengali meanings, making it a handy resource for anyone who wants to bridge the language gap.

কুড়ি , বিশ, ২০

ওহে; আরে; শুনুন

Invisible to the naked eye

খালি চোখে অদৃশ্য, নগ্ন চোখে, খালি চক্ষু

প্রতিরূপ নকল মূর্তি বা কাঠামো

যৌনসংগম; যৌনসংগম করা; রমন করা ; উপগত হওয়া

ছদ্মনামযুক্ত অবস্হা ; নামহীনতা ; নাম নাই এমন অবস্থা

Deputy minister

উপমন্ত্রী; ডেপুটি মন্ত্রী

ভোটদাতা / ভোট দিবার অধিকারী / নির্বাচক / ভোটদাতা

Phantasmagory

ফ্যান্টাসমাগরি

Ambassador At Large

অ্যাম্বাসেডর অ্যাট লার্জ

ব্যথা ; যন্ত্রণা

Tie the knot

যৌনসংগম; যৌনসংগম করা;

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The Bengali language has a rich history that dates back over a thousand years. It evolved from Old Bengali in the 10th century and became the dominant language of the region during the medieval period. Under British colonial rule, Bengali underwent significant changes and modernizations, and after independence it became the official language of Bangladesh and a recognized language in India. Today, Bengali is spoken by over 250 million people and continues to evolve and develop as a vital part of the cultural heritage of South Asia. There is a growing movement to preserve and revitalize the language and promote its use in education and society.

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Translation of case – English–Bengali dictionary

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case noun ( SITUATION )

• We don't usually accept late applications , but in this case we will make an exception .
• The newspaper photo apparently showed him in Rome but it was a case of mistaken identity .
• As is often the case with children , Amy was completely better by the time the doctor arrived .
• He may possibly decide not to come, in which case there's no problem .
• In special cases the manager will stretch the rules .

case noun ( PROBLEM )

• He has been cited as the co-respondent in the divorce case.
• The court's decision on this case will turn the clock back 50 years .
• The lack of evidence means that the case is unlikely to go to court .
• The jury took five days to deliberate on the case.
• His lawyers have decided not to proceed with the case.

case noun ( CONTAINER )

• The crown, decorated with diamonds and other precious stones , was exhibited in a special case.
• Inside the small wooden case is a gold-chain necklace .
• Don't forget to put the thermometer back in its case.
• I emptied the closet and put my belongings into the black overnight case.
• "Can you lift this case?" "It depends on how heavy it is."
• I've lashed your case to the roof rack.
• The boys brought a few cases of beer .

case noun ( ARGUMENT )

• The case against her was circumstantial.
• You can argue the case either way.
• The shareholders seem to think that the executive board is overstating the case for a merger .
• They paid a high-powered attorney to plead their case .
• Once again he tried to press his case for promotion .

(Translation of case from the Cambridge English–Bengali Dictionary © Cambridge University Press)

Examples of case

Translations of case.

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Word of the Day

injury to someone caused by severe cold, usually to their toes, fingers, ears, or nose, that causes permanent loss of tissue

Keeping up appearances (Talking about how things seem)

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• case (SITUATION)
• in that case
• (not) the case
• in any case
• (just) in case
• in case of something
• case (PROBLEM)
• case (CONTAINER)
• case (ARGUMENT)
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Translation of "case" into Bangla

খাপ, খোল, ঘটনা are the top translations of "case" into Bangla. Sample translated sentence: As was the case in Jeremiah’s day, the eternal God, Jehovah, continues to be the only Source of life-giving waters. ↔ যিরমিয়ের দিনে যেমন হয়েছিল, অনন্তকালীন ঈশ্বর, যিহোবাই একমাত্র জীবনদায়ী জলের উৎস হয়ে থাকবেন।

An actual event, situation, or fact. [..]

English-Bangla dictionary

Less frequent translations

• অক্ষরের ছাঁদ

Show algorithmically generated translations

Automatic translations of " case " into Bangla

Translations with alternative spelling

abstract feature of a noun phrase that determines its function in a sentence, such as a grammatical case and a position.

"Case" in English - Bangla dictionary

Currently we have no translations for Case in the dictionary, maybe you can add one? Make sure to check automatic translation, translation memory or indirect translations.

computer-aided software engineering. [..]

"CASE" in English - Bangla dictionary

Currently we have no translations for CASE in the dictionary, maybe you can add one? Make sure to check automatic translation, translation memory or indirect translations.

Images with "case"

Phrases similar to "case" with translations into bangla.

• nominative case কর্তা কারক
• in case যদি
• case of death মৃত্যু
• case sensitivity case
• locative case অধিকরণ কারক
• Agartala Conspiracy Case আগরতলা ষড়যন্ত্র মামলা
• Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde ডক্টর জেকিল অ্যান্ড মিস্টার হাইড

Translations of "case" into Bangla in sentences, translation memory

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English to Bangla Meaning of case - কেস

কেস, মামলা, ঘটনা, ধৈর্যশীল, মক্কেল, সংক্ষিপ্ত, ঘটা, জিনিস, উদাহরণ, খাপ, বক্স, বাক্স, সিন্দুক, ট্রাঙ্ক, স্থল, জমি, জায়গা, সাইট, অবস্থান, পোর্টম্যান্ট্, থলে, ঢাকনা, কঙ্কাল, ফ্রেমওয়ার্ক, ফ্রেম, ছাঁচ, ফ্যাব্রিক, আইন, কর্ম, আবরণ, অবস্থা, শর্ত, লেপ, আচ্ছাদন, ঘোমটা, চিত্রণ, নজির, প্রতিজ্ঞা, কারণ, কোষ, যোনি, টিপ্পনি, আধার, খোল, রাখা, গহ্বর, চামড়া, ইতিহাস

...on any information about the CASE .

An unsolved pimping CASE .

But, in that CASE ,

In which CASE , we should be

Or in your CASE , the old community-college try.

Meaning and definitions of case, translation in Bangla language for case with similar and opposite words. Also find spoken pronunciation of case in Bangla and in English language.

What case means in Bangla, case meaning in Bangla, case definition, examples and pronunciation of case in Bangla language.

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English Bengali Dictionary | ইংরেজি বাংলা অভিধান

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study - Meaning in Bengali

Study word forms & inflections, definitions and meaning of study in english.

survey , survey

অবলোকন , দৃষ্টিপাত , দেখা

• "he made several studies before starting to paint"
• "he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study"
• "she is in a deep study"

work , work

• "mastering a second language requires a lot of work"
• "no schools offer graduate study in interior design"
• "after much cogitation he rejected the offer"

bailiwick , discipline , field of study , field , field , subject area , subject field , subject

• "anthropology is the study of human beings"
• "in what discipline is his doctorate?"
• "teachers should be well trained in their subject"
• "a study in spiccato bowing"

report , report , written report

• "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale"
• "he is a quick study"

learn , read , read , take

• "She is reading for the bar exam"
• hit the books
• "He is studying geology in his room"
• "I have an exam next week; I must hit the books now"
• analyse , analyze , canvass , examine
• "analyze a sonnet by Shakespeare"
• "analyze the evidence in a criminal trial"
• "analyze your real motives"
• contemplate , meditate
• "He is meditating in his study"
• "consider the possibility of moving"

Synonyms of study

• bailiwick , discipline , field , field of study , subject , subject area , subject field
• report , written report
• learn , read , take

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What is study meaning in Bengali, study translation in Bengali, study definition, pronunciations and examples of study in Bengali.

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study meaning in Bangla | study বাংলা অর্থ

study  অধ্যয়ন

study =  অধ্যয়ন

Pronunciation  =  🔊 bb1.onclick = function(){ if(responsivevoice.isplaying()){ responsivevoice.cancel(); }else{ responsivevoice.speak("study", "uk english female"); } }; study, pronunciation in bangla  =  স্টাডি, study  in bangla : অধ্যয়ন, part of speech :  noun  , definition in english : a detailed critical inspection , definition in  bangla : একটি বিস্তারিত সমালোচনামূলক পরিদর্শন, examples in english :.

• The study of science has enriched all our lives.

Examples in Bangla :

• বিজ্ঞানের অধ্যয়ন আমাদের জীবন সমৃদ্ধ করেছে।

Synonyms of study

Antonyms of study, about english bangla dictionary.

Multibhashi’s Bangla-English Dictionary will help you find the meaning of different words from Bangla to English like meaning of Asādhāraṇa and from English to Bangla like meaning of Awesome, The meaning of stunning, etc. Use this free dictionary to get the definition of friend in Bangla and also the definition of friend in English. Also see the translation in Bangla or translation in English, synonyms, antonyms, related words, image and pronunciation for helping spoken English improvement or spoken Bangla improvement.

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English is one of the most widely spoken languages across the globe and a common language of choice for people from different backgrounds trying to communicate with each other. This is the reason why English is the second language learned by most of the people.

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Bengali is the most widely spoken language in India after Hindi. Bengali has a rich folk heritage and plays a huge role in Indian literature. Most of the all-time classic novels and poems were penned in Bengali. Even India’s national anthem is composed in Bengali.Bengal, with its rich literary heritage, has produced a lot of educated people. Thus, the English speaking lot of Bengal is much more when compared to other states.

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Study - Meaning in Bengali

Bangla academy dictionary:.

Nearby Words:

See 'study' also in:, share 'study' with others:, browse dictionary, words by topics, idioms (বাগধারা), english phrases, four letter words, translation/ expressions, proverbs (প্রবাদ বাক্য), three letter words, recent lessons, stakeholder.

একটি প্রকল্পে প্রভাব রাখতে পারেন, কিংবা সেই প্রকল্পের সাথে স্বার্থ জড়িত রয়েছে

Digital Health

স্বাস্থ্যসেবা ব্যবস্থাকে উন্নতর করার উদ্দেশ্যে রোগীর ইলেকট্রনিক হেলথ রেকর্ড ...

Circle Back

একটি ধারণা বা সিদ্ধান্তকে পুনঃবিবেচনা করার জন্য পূর্বে আলোচিত কোনো ...

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• comprehensive
• transaction

Feeling & Emotion

• cantankerous

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• Open at ( উন্মুক্ত করা বা খোলা ) Open at page 20 of English book.
• Desire for ( ইচ্ছা ) He has no desire for fame.
• Think of ( চিন্তা করা (ব্যক্তি) ) What do you think of (about) him?
• Admit into ( প্রবেশাধিকার দেওয়া ) He was admitted into the room.
• Listen to ( শোনা ) Listen to the news on the radio.
• Anxious about ( উদ্বিগ্ন ) I am anxious about my health.
• when pigs fly ( কখনও না ) I will help you when pigs fly
• A blessing in disguise ( বিপরীতে হিত ; প্রথমে খারাপ হিসেবে মনে হলেও পরবর্তীতে ভালো হয় ) Sam's motorcycle accident was a blessing in disguise because he got enough insurance money.
• By and large ( প্রধানতঃ ) People in our village are by and large farmers.
• bad debts ( অশোধ্য বা অনাদায়ী ঋন ; যে ঋন শোধ করা যাবে না )
• Take to one's heels ( ছুটিয়া পালানো ) The thieves took to their heels to see the police.
• Far and wide ( সর্বত্র ) His fame as a scholar spread far and wide

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case study bengali meaning

Case study meaning in bengali.

সাধারণ উদাহরণ এবং সংজ্ঞা সহ case study এর আসল অর্থ জানুন।., definitions of case study.

1 . নির্দিষ্ট সময়ের মধ্যে একটি নির্দিষ্ট ব্যক্তি, গোষ্ঠী বা পরিস্থিতির বিকাশের উপর গবেষণার একটি প্রক্রিয়া বা রেকর্ড।

1 . a process or record of research into the development of a particular person, group, or situation over a period of time.

2 . একটি থিসিস বা নীতি ব্যাখ্যা করতে ব্যবহৃত বা বিশ্লেষণ করা কিছুর একটি বিশেষ উদাহরণ।

2 . a particular instance of something used or analysed in order to illustrate a thesis or principle.

Examples of Case Study :

1 . উদাহরণস্বরূপ, আমাদের কেস স্টাডিতে 48 বছর বয়সী লোকটি

1 . For example, the 48 year old man in our case study

2 . আপনি কেন একটি কেস স্টাডি প্রয়োজন জানেন.

2 . You know why you need a case study .

3 . কিভাবে $2 মিলিয়ন দিয়ে অবসর নেবেন [কেস স্টাডি]

3 . How to Retire with $2 Million [ Case Study ]

4 . কিভাবে 8000 ব্লগ মন্তব্য পেতে: একটি কেস স্টাডি

4 . How to Get 8000 Blog Comments: A Case Study

5 . (একজন নির্যাতিত বিষমকামী পুরুষের কেস স্টাডি।

5 . (A case study of an abused heterosexual man.

6 . 01:19 - ফলাফল দিয়ে আপনার কেস স্টাডি শুরু করুন

6 . 01:19 – Start your case study with the result

7 . নতুন কেস স্টাডি: ইস্টার্ন ব্যাংক এবং ভালোর জন্য আমাদের সাথে যোগ দিন

7 . New Case Study : Eastern Bank and Join Us For Good

8 . প্রকৃতপক্ষে, সমকামী বিবাহের প্রচারাভিযান কনফর্মিজমে একটি কেস স্টাডি প্রদান করে, আধুনিক যুগে কীভাবে নরম কর্তৃত্ববাদ এবং সমবয়সীদের চাপ প্রয়োগ করা হয় তার একটি তীক্ষ্ণ অন্তর্দৃষ্টি যে কোন দৃষ্টিভঙ্গিকে প্রান্তিক এবং শেষ পর্যন্ত নির্মূল করার জন্য। বৈষম্যমূলক, "ফোবিক"। ,

8 . indeed, the gay-marriage campaign provides a case study in conformism, a searing insight into how soft authoritarianism and peer pressure are applied in the modern age to sideline and eventually do away with any view considered overly judgmental, outdated, discriminatory,“phobic”,

9 . কেস স্টাডি হোমস আসলে একটি স্কেচবুক।

9 . Case Study Homes is actually a sketchbook.

10 . কেস স্টাডি সারাংশ এছাড়াও স্বাগত জানাই.

10 . case study abstracts will also be welcomed.

11 . অন্য কেস স্টাডি, পারডিস, মূল্যবান প্রভাব।

11 . The other case study , Pardis, valued impact.

12 . কেস স্টাডি: আহ, সাইবারসেক্সের কালজয়ী শিল্প।

12 . Case Study : Ah, the timeless art of cybersex.

13 . Tazemasa.com এর সাথে আমাদের আজকের কেস স্টাডি!

13 . Our case study for today is with Tazemasa.com!

14 . ifpug তাত্ক্ষণিক কেস স্টাডি পুরস্কার প্রোগ্রাম চালু করেছে।

14 . ifpug is launching a snap case study award program.

15 . কেস স্টাডি #15: আপনার দর্শকদের কাছে কম বিকল্প অফার করুন

15 . Case Study #15: Offer fewer options to your visitors

16 . গ্রীসের পেলোপনিস প্রধান কেস স্টাডি গঠন করে।

16 . The Peloponnese in Greece forms the main case study .

17 . কেস স্টাডি: কীভাবে অ্যান তার পছন্দের কাজটি করার জন্য তার চাকরি ছেড়ে দেন

17 . Case Study : How Ann quit her job to do what she loves

18 . (চিত্র. কেস স্টাডি: লিন্ডা স্প্যানার একটি নতুন অ্যাপার্টমেন্ট চায়৷)

18 . (Fig. Case study : Linda Spanner wants a new apartment.)

19 . কেস স্টাডি: এসইও ছাড়া গুগলকে কীভাবে আয়ত্ত করা যায় (৪৩ দিনে)

19 . Case Study : How to Dominate Google Without SEO (in 43 Days)

20 . এবং আমি কয়েক ছোট সপ্তাহে "SEO কেস স্টাডি" এর জন্য #5 হিট করেছি।

20 . And I hit the #5 for “SEO case study ” in a few short weeks.

21 . আমাদের দল একটি কেস-স্টাডিতে কাজ করছে।

21 . Our team is working on a case-study.

22 . এটি একটি কেস-স্টাডি।

22 . This is a case-study.

23 . তিনি কেস-স্টাডি বিশ্লেষণ করেছেন।

23 . She analyzed the case-study.

24 . এটি একটি ক্লাসিক কেস-স্টাডি।

24 . This is a classic case-study.

25 . কেস-স্টাডি আকর্ষণীয়।

25 . The case-study is interesting.

26 . এই কেস-স্টাডিটি ব্যাপকভাবে উদ্ধৃত করা হয়।

26 . This case-study is widely cited.

27 . আমাদের কেস-স্টাডি পর্যালোচনা করতে হবে।

27 . We need to review the case-study.

28 . এই কেস-স্টাডি ভালভাবে বিবেচিত হয়.

28 . This case-study is well-regarded.

29 . এই কেস-স্টাডি থেকে আমরা শিখতে পারি।

29 . We can learn from this case-study.

30 . আমি এই কেস-স্টাডি দ্বারা মুগ্ধ।

30 . I'm fascinated by this case-study.

31 . এই কেস-স্টাডি নিয়ে তিনি একটি বই লিখেছেন।

31 . He wrote a book on this case-study.

32 . আমি কেস-স্টাডি পড়ার পরামর্শ দিই।

32 . I recommend reading the case-study.

33 . এই কেস-স্টাডিটি ভালভাবে নথিভুক্ত।

33 . This case-study is well-documented.

34 . কেস-স্টাডি মূল অন্তর্দৃষ্টি প্রকাশ করে।

34 . The case-study reveals key insights.

35 . তিনি কেস-স্টাডির জন্য তথ্য সংগ্রহ করেন।

35 . He collected data for the case-study.

36 . তিনি কেস-স্টাডির ফলাফল উপস্থাপন করেন।

36 . He presented the case-study findings.

37 . এই কেস-স্টাডি ব্যাপকভাবে স্বীকৃত।

37 . This case-study is widely recognized.

38 . এই কেস-স্টাডি অত্যন্ত প্রভাবশালী।

38 . This case-study is highly influential.

39 . কেস-স্টাডি আমাদের ফলাফলকে যাচাই করে।

39 . The case-study validates our findings.

40 . এই কেস-স্টাডি ব্যাপকভাবে স্বীকৃত।

40 . This case-study is widely acknowledged.

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Case Study meaning in Bengali - Learn actual meaning of Case Study with simple examples & definitions. Also you will learn Antonyms , synonyms & best example sentences. This dictionary also provide you 10 languages so you can find meaning of Case Study in Hindi, Tamil , Telugu , Bengali , Kannada , Marathi , Malayalam , Gujarati , Punjabi , Urdu.

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Case study meaning in bengali, definition of case study.

• a careful study of some social unit (as a corporation or division within a corporation) that attempts to determine what factors led to its success or failure
• a detailed analysis of a person or group from a social or psychological or medical point of view

HinKhoj English Bengali Dictionary: case study

case study - Meaning in Bengali. case study definition, pronuniation, antonyms, synonyms and example sentences in Bengali. translation in Bengali for case study with similar and opposite words. case study ka bengali mein matalab, arth aur prayog

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case study Meaning in Bengali

কেস স্টাডি,

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Case study শব্দের বাংলা অর্থ এর উদাহরণ:.

শহুরে ইতিহাস: একটি কেস স্টাডি দীপালি বড়ুয়া তার বইয়ে লিখেছেন: "ডিগ্রুগড়কে ১৮৪০ সালে জেলা সদর দপ্তর । “ইকোনমিক মুবিলিটি এ্যান্ড সোশাল চেঞ্জ : এ কেস স্টাডি অব দ্য সানটাল্স,” রাজশাহী ইউনিভার্সিটি স্টাডিজ, পার্ট-১, ভলি-১৮, ১৯৯০ । তিনি অনেক পুরস্কারপ্রাপ্ত এবং বেস্টসেলিং কেস স্টাডি লিখেছেন যা ম্যানেজমেন্ট বিষয়গুলি পড়ানোর ক্ষেত্রে ব্যবহৃত হয় । এবং আগা খান বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ে শিক্ষার সময় বুলবুল অনেক গবেষণা পত্র এবং কেস স্টাডি লিখেছিলেন । কেস স্টাডি । পুনর্বিবেচনার পল্লী দারিদ্র্য: বাংলাদেশ কেস স্টাডি হিসাবে ১৯৯৫, (মাহবুব হোসেনের সাথে) এসইজে ইন্টারন্যাশনাল ইন্ডিয়া প্রাইভেট । রাম জন্মভূমি বনাম বাবরি মসজিদঃ হিন্দু-মুসলিম সংঘাতের একটি কেস স্টাডি । দৃষ্টিভঙ্গি (আখিরাত ও কেয়ামত) বেগলি, ওয়েইন ই, দ্যা গার্ডেন অব দ্যা তাজমহল: এ কেস স্টাডি অব মুগল আকিটেকচারাল প্ল্যানিং এন্ড ‍সিম্বলিজম, ইন: ওয়েসকোট, জেমস এল; । একাধিক কেস স্টাডি করে দেখা গেছে শরীরে এই খনিজটির ঘাটতি দেখা দিলে অল্প সময়ের মধ্যেই ব্লাড । মুফতি মুহাম্মদ তাকি উসমানির পদ্ধতি : সহিহ বুখারীর লেনদেন অধ্যায়ের একটি কেস স্টাডি " । ডুজনবেরি, এবং লরেন্স এম হ্যালসিওন লেখকদের একটি দলের উৎপাদনশীলতার উপর কেস স্টাডি চালিয়ে দেখেছেন, দলটি তথ্য আদান প্রদান অব্যহ রেখে সহযোগীতা মূলক লেখার । সংজ্ঞা অনুসারে, এটির উচ্চাকাঙ্ক্ষায় অবশ্য মাইক্রোহিস্টোরিটিকে সাধারণ কেস স্টাডি থেকে যতটা সম্ভব আলাদা করা যায় কারণ মাইক্রোহিস্টোরি "ছোট জায়গায় বড় । মহিলাদের প্রবেশাধিকার : পাকিস্তানে উচ্চ শিক্ষায় মহিলাদের প্রবেশের একটি কেস স্টাডি । Encyclopedia Brotannica [online]. বার্ডলাইফ ইন্টারন্যাশনাল মূল পাতা বার্ডলাইফ ইন্টারন্যাশনাল: বিশ্বের পাখি প্রজাতিসমূহের বর্তমান অবস্থা ( কেস স্টাডি ) । নিউরোসাইকোলজি অভ কগনেটিভ ফাংশান, ১৯৮২ অ্যানিমেল ইন্টেলিজেন্স, ১৯৮৫ ব্লাইন্ডসাইট: কেস স্টাডি অ্যান্ড ইমপ্লিকেশনস, ১৯৮৬ আইএসবিএন ০১৯৮৫২১২৯৪ থট উইথআউট ল্যাঙ্গুয়েজ, ।   মুহাজির থেকে মুজাহিদ, সাহায্যের মাধ্যমে যুদ্ধের রাজনীতি: (এনডাব্লিউএফপিতে আফগান শরণার্থীদের একটি কেস স্টাডি ) । ভট্টাচার্য চিরঞ্জীব বনৌষধি (আয়ুর্বেদ) গেরাল্ডিন ফোর্বস পজিটিভিজম ইন বেঙ্গল: আ কেস স্টাডি ইন দ্য ট্রান্সমিশন অ্যান্ড অ্যাসিমিলেশন অফ অ্যান আইডিওলজি (বঙ্গবিদ্যা) । দিনাজপুর-রংপুর জেলার শিক্ষা বিবর্তন,ড. মুহম্মদ মনিরুজ্জামান জমিনদারস্ অব বাঙলা : কেস স্টাডি অব সিলেক্টেড রংপুর জমিনদারস্ ১৯৭৩-১৯৫০,ড. মুহম্মদ মনিরুজ্জামান্,প্রকাশনিঃ । বিচ্ছিন্ন কিছু কেস স্টাডি রতিকালীন মাথাধরার সাথে সুনির্দিষ্ট কিছু ড্রাগে যেমন এমিওডারনে, সুডোএফেড্রিন । উপস্থাপনার বিশ্লেষণ” শিরোনামে ২০১৫ সালে ফারহানা ইসমাইল কর্তৃক Ask Imam এর কেস স্টাডি সম্পন্ন হয়েছে ।

case study's Usage Examples:

A case study involves an up-close, in-depth, and detailed examination of a particular case or cases, within a real-world context.

, descriptive-longitudinal case study ), research problem, hypotheses, independent and dependent variables, experimental.

Responses to Child Sexual Abuse's report into Case Study 28 – Catholic Church authorities in Ballarat: This case study exposed a catastrophic failure in the leadership.

The Big Integer case study was in use prior to 2000.

It was replaced by the Marine Biology case study .

Foundation, and is a case study in several B-schools including Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad and SPJIMR.

The case study reveals, Divya Bhaskar.

Highway 19 was a case study for The Saskatchewan Center for Excellence in Transportation and Infrastructure.

One case study analysis connected the fantasy with sexual masochism, and suggested that.

Freud published a case study about Dora, Fragments of an Analysis of a Case of Hysteria (1905 [1901].

subject of a lengthy profile on the Alberta Online Encyclopedia, as a case study of a Franco-Albertan settlement.

Foundation, and is a case study in several B-schools including Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat and SVNIT.

The case study reveals, Jagat Darpan.

gradually learned some basic social skills, but even by the end of their case study , she still exhibited many behavioral traits characteristic of an unsocialized.

survey; scrutiny; examination; resurvey;

inability; classicism; Romanticism; unrestraint; indiscipline;

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English to Bangla Meaning of case study - কেস স্টাডি

Meaning and definitions of case study, translation in Bangla language for case study with similar and opposite words. Also find spoken pronunciation of case study in Bangla and in English language.

What case study means in Bangla, case study meaning in Bangla, case study definition, examples and pronunciation of case study in Bangla language.

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Translation of case – English–Bengali dictionary

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case noun ( SITUATION )

• We don't usually accept late applications , but in this case we will make an exception .
• The newspaper photo apparently showed him in Rome but it was a case of mistaken identity .
• As is often the case with children , Amy was completely better by the time the doctor arrived .
• He may possibly decide not to come, in which case there's no problem .
• In special cases the manager will stretch the rules .

case noun ( PROBLEM )

• He has been cited as the co-respondent in the divorce case.
• The court's decision on this case will turn the clock back 50 years .
• The lack of evidence means that the case is unlikely to go to court .
• The jury took five days to deliberate on the case.
• His lawyers have decided not to proceed with the case.

case noun ( CONTAINER )

• The crown, decorated with diamonds and other precious stones , was exhibited in a special case.
• Inside the small wooden case is a gold-chain necklace .
• Don't forget to put the thermometer back in its case.
• I emptied the closet and put my belongings into the black overnight case.
• "Can you lift this case?" "It depends on how heavy it is."
• I've lashed your case to the roof rack.
• The boys brought a few cases of beer .

case noun ( ARGUMENT )

• The case against her was circumstantial.
• You can argue the case either way.
• The shareholders seem to think that the executive board is overstating the case for a merger .
• They paid a high-powered attorney to plead their case .
• Once again he tried to press his case for promotion .

(Translation of case from the Cambridge English–Bengali Dictionary © Cambridge University Press)

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• case (SITUATION)
• in that case
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একটি প্রকল্পে প্রভাব রাখতে পারেন, কিংবা সেই প্রকল্পের সাথে স্বার্থ জড়িত রয়েছে

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একটি ধারণা বা সিদ্ধান্তকে পুনঃবিবেচনা করার জন্য পূর্বে আলোচিত কোনো ...

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• At large ( স্বাধীন ) The anti-socials are still at large.
• put a spoke to ones wheel ( কারও উন্নতিতে বাধা হওয়া )

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A case study is an in-depth, detailed examination of a particular case within a real-world context. For example, case studies in medicine may focus on an individual patient or ailment; case studies in business might cover a particular firm's strategy or a broader market; similarly, case studies in politics can range from a narrow happening over time like the operations of a specific political ...

Case study is an important ... This is a video based on the appropriate discussion with the help of relevant examples of case and also the issues of case study.

Definition of case study. a careful study of some social unit (as a corporation or division within a corporation) that attempts to determine what factors led to its success or failure. a detailed analysis of a person or group from a social or psychological or medical point of view.

case study meaning in Bengali - ; | case study এর বাংলা অর্থ, What is the definition of case study in Bengali? What is the meaning of case study in Bengali?

This video is made to show the way of analyzing case study. besides it, this video is a Bangla tutorial and covers various tools of case study, identifying t...

English to Bangla Dictionary: case study. Meaning and definitions of case study, translation in Bangla language for case study with similar and opposite words. Also find spoken pronunciation of case study in Bangla and in English language.

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Using one of our 22 bilingual dictionaries, translate your word from English to Bengali

case translate: একটি নির্দিষ্ট পরিস্থিতি বা কিছুর উদাহরণ, সমস্যা \ মামলা, আইনি মামলা, জিনিসপত্র রাখার বাক্স…. Learn more in the Cambridge English-Bengali Dictionary.

A case study is a detailed study of a specific subject, such as a person, group, place, event, organization, or phenomenon. Case studies are commonly used in social, educational, clinical, and business research. A case study research design usually involves qualitative methods, but quantitative methods are sometimes also used.

Study meaning in Bengali - পড়া অধ্যায়ন গবেষনা বা অনুশীলন করা; অধ্যায়ন; পড়ার ঘর; | English - Bangla & English (E2B) Online Dictionary. ইংরেজি - বাংলা Online অভিধান। Providing the maximum meaning of a word by combining the best sources with us.

Case Study Explanation in Bengali / Definition of Case Study in Bengali নির্দিষ্ট সময়ের মধ্যে নির্দিষ্ট ব্যক্তি, গোষ্ঠী বা পরিস্থিতি বিকাশের ক্ষেত্রে গবেষণা প্রক্রিয়া বা ...

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• Open access
• Published: 23 May 2024

Investigating racial/ethnic differences in procedure experience in obstetrics & gynecology trainees at a single academic institution: a retrospective cohort study

• Patricia GiglioAyers 1 , 2 ,
• Christine E. Foley 1 , 2 ,
• Beth Cronin 1 , 2 &
• Dayna Burrell 1 , 2  

BMC Medical Education volume  24 , Article number:  561 ( 2024 ) Cite this article

95 Accesses

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Discrimination is common in medical education. Resident physicians of races and ethnicities underrepresented in medicine experience daily discrimination which has been proven to negatively impact training. There is limited data on the impact of resident race/ethnicity on OB/GYN surgical training. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of race/ethnicity on procedural experience in OB/GYN training.

A retrospective analysis of graduated OB/GYN resident case logs from 2009 to 2019 was performed at a single urban academic institution. Self-reported race/ethnicity data was collected. Association between URM and non-URM were analyzed using t-tests. Trainees were categorized by self-reported race/ethnicity into underrepresented in medicine (URM) (Black, Hispanic, Native American) and non-URM (White, Asian).

The cohort consisted of 84 residents: 19% URM ( N  = 16) and 79% non-URM ( n  = 66). Difference between URM and non-URM status and average case volume was analyzed using t-tests. There was no difference between non-URM and URM trainees and reported mean number of Total GYN (349 vs. 334, p  = 0.31) and Total OB (624 vs. 597, P  = 0.11) case logs. However, compared with non-URM, on average URM performed fewer Total procedures (1562 vs. 1469, P  = 0.04). Analyzing individual procedures showed a difference in average number of abortions performed between URM and non-URM (76 vs. 53, P  = 0.02). There were no other statistically significant differences between the two groups.

Conclusions

This single institution study highlights potential differences in trainee experience by race/ethnicity. Larger national studies are warranted to further explore these differences to identify bias and discrimination, and to ensure equitable experience for all trainees.

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Introduction

Discrimination is common in medical education, with nearly 60% of medical trainees experiencing at least one form of harassment or discrimination during their training [ 1 ]. Race/ethnicity has been proven to negatively impact medical student experiences and evaluations [ 2 , 3 ]. Although data remains limited, a rising number of studies explore the impact of race/ethnicity on residency training.

Resident physicians of races & ethnicities underrepresented in medicine endure daily microaggressions and biases [ 4 ]. In general surgery, up to 24% of residents report experiencing discrimination based on race/ethnicity or religion, with highest rates (70%) reported among Black residents [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Black surgical residents are 4.2 times more likely to experience high levels of perceived daily discrimination [ 7 ]. Discriminatory acts include being mistaken for another person of the same race, mistaken for nonphysicians, and experiencing different standards of evaluation [ 5 ]. Compared with their White counterparts, non-White residents experience increase feelings of isolation and judgement [ 8 ]. Surgical residents who experience discrimination also reported higher rates of burnout, thoughts of attrition, and suicidal thoughts [ 5 , 6 ]. A recent study investigating the relationship between gender, race/ethnicity and general surgery resident case volume cites a correlation between racial/ethnic categories underrepresented in medicine (URM) (identified as Black, Hispanic or Native American) and lower operative volumes at graduation [ 9 ].

Data regarding the impact of race/ethnicity on training in Obstetrics and Gynecology (OB/GYN) is limited. OB/GYN is reported to have the highest percentage of trainees from racial and ethnic backgrounds underrepresented in medicine at 19% among the surgical subspecialties [ 10 ]. However, recent data from 2022 demonstrated there is a greater proportion of White physicians at the fellowship level compared to residency level [ 11 ]. This trend persists in academic medicine, with a higher proportion of white physicians in leadership positions and with higher academic ranks [ 12 ]. Despite multiple initiatives by national organizations within OB/GYN to address racial and ethnic disparities [ 13 , 14 ], studies exploring racial disparities and discrimination are sparse in OB/GYN literature. To the authors knowledge, there is no published data on the impact of race/ethnicity on resident surgical training in OB/GYN. Specifically, there is no data on the impact of race on the fundamental metric of surgical volume during gynecology residency training. The aim of this study was to begin by exploring the impact of race/ethnicity on OB/GYN procedural experience in residency training at a single institution.

A retrospective analysis of graduated OB/GYN resident procedural case logs per the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) from 2009 to 2019 at a single institution was performed. The research was deemed exempt by the IRB and was determined to be non-human subjects research. Self-reported race/ethnicity as limited by ERAS check boxes was collected. Trainees were categorized into URM (Black, Hispanic, Native American) and non-URM (White, Asian). The institution instructs residents to log a procedure if active participation as the primary surgeon is > 50% of the procedure. The primary outcome was total number of surgical procedures logged by a graduating resident. Secondary outcomes included procedure logs for the following ACGME categories: Normal spontaneous vaginal delivery (NSVD), Cesarean section (CS), Operative delivery (ODEL), Abdominal hysterectomy (AHYST), Vaginal hysterectomy (VHYST), Laparoscopic hysterectomy (LHYST), Minimally Invasive Hysterectomy (MIH), Total Hysterectomy (THYST), Incontinence and pelvic floor (ISPF), Laparoscopy (LAPS), Operative Hysteroscopy (OHYST), Abortion (ABORT), Transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS), Surgery for invasive cancer (SIC). Total numbers of cases, total obstetric (Total OB: CS, NSVD, ODEL), and total gynecologic (Total GYN: THYST, LAPS, OHYST) cases were collected. Residents in OB/GYN who completed the four-year residency training program were included in the analysis. Trainees who transferred training programs during residency or did not complete residency were excluded. Procedures were reported as mean number of procedures per ACGME category per group (URM vs. non-URM). Differences between URM and non-URM status and mean case volumes were analyzed using t-tests.

The cohort consisted of 84 residents. Residents who self-selected the ACGME category of “none of the above” ( n  = 2) were excluded from the URM vs. non-URM analyses. There was a total of 82 residents included in the final analysis: 66 non-URM (78.57%). (Table  1 ) There were no differences between non-URM and URM trainees and reported mean number of Total GYN (349 vs. 334, p  = 0.31) and Total OB (624 vs. 597, P  = 0.11) case logs. However, URM trainees had significantly fewer Total procedures (1469 vs. 1562, P  = 0.04) than their non-URM counterparts (Table  2 ). Analyzing specific procedures showed when comparing mean number of abortions, URM trainees experienced significantly less abortions (76 vs. 53, P  = 0.02) than non-URM trainees. No differences were found between non-URM and URM trainees in all other specific individual procedure categories (Table  2 ).

Resident trainees from races and ethnicities underrepresented in medicine experience daily discrimination, however there is limited data on the impact of racial/ethnic discrimination on training and postgraduate experience within OB/GYN. The importance of identifying and addressing racial and ethnic disparities within OB/GYN and medical education is widely accepted. In 2021, the ACGME launched ACGME Equity Matters, an initiative focused on learning and improvement in areas of diversity, equity and incision, and antiracism practices [ 13 ]. In 2020 ACOG, along with leading national and international women’s health organizations, released a joint statement, “Collective Action Addressing Racism.” [ 14 ] This statement specifically cites commitment to education, recognition, and scholarship as ways to eliminate inequalities in women’s health. Despite these initiatives, published research is limited.

This single institution study highlights potential differences in trainee experience by race/ethnicity and calls for further review at training programs across our specialty. This study showed a difference in total procedure experience between URM and non-URM OB/GYN residents during the 10-year time period examined. These differences may suggest discriminatory practices which are limiting procedural experience for URM residents. These findings are similar to recently published data that demonstrated a correlation between general surgery residents underrepresented in medicine or who identified as female, and lower operative volumes at graduation [ 9 ].

Additionally, this study observed a significant difference in the number of abortion procedures logged by URM versus non-URM trainees. In our institution, trainees have the choice to opt out of abortion procedures. This choice is not recorded as a part of the operative log but may confound this particular data point. We are unaware of any correlation between a trainee’s self-identified race and choice to perform abortion procedures. Additional work is needed to evaluate the demonstrated differences on a qualitative level to better identify the root cause(s) of the variation demonstrated, including possible sociocultural influences. Further work must be done to identify unconscious and overt biases and address discrimination to ensure all residents, regardless of race/ethnicity or gender, have an equitable training experience.

This small, single institution study calls for further review of racial and ethnic differences in procedural experience at training programs across our specialty. Although OB/GYN does have the highest percent of URM trainees among the surgical subspecialties, the lower proportion of URM physicians in fellowships and in higher academic rank positions suggests persistent institutional and structural racism. Procedural case logs are an objective and nationally utilized measure which could be further analyzed to identify and ultimately address training differences. If publicly available, these case logs could hold programs accountable for ensuring equitable procedural experience. Addressing any identified differences would not only improve resident experience and skill, but also contribute to the goal of creating a racially and ethnically diverse workforce to improve patient care in OB/GYN.

There are several limitations to this study, including variation in the accuracy and reporting practices of resident procedure logs which may impact data. Although criteria at this institution exist instructing residents to log only procedures which they performed > 50% of as the primary surgeon, residents are individually responsible for tracking and logging procedures. Furthermore, the small sample size of this study at a single institution, coupled with the variation in resident surgical experience and reporting practices between OB/GYN programs nationally, prevent this study from generalizability to all OB/GYN residency programs. This study analyzes total case logs at time of graduation, and therefore does not explore how race/ethnicity may impact procedural experience across the four years of residency and does not account for variation in logging during different times of residency. The authors also recognize that increased procedural numbers do not necessarily translate to procedural competency. Although differences may suggest training inequity among URM vs. non-URM residents, variation in procedural numbers may not reflect trainee competency at time of graduation.

Differences may exist in Obstetrics and Gynecology procedural experience by trainee race/ethnicity. Larger national studies are warranted to further explore these differences to identify bias and discrimination, and to ensure equitable experience for all trainees.

Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Yuce TK, Turner PL, Glass C, et al. National Evaluation of Racial/Ethnic Discrimination in US Surgical Residency Programs. JAMA Surg. 2020;155(6):526–8. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2020.0260 .

Hu YY, Ellis RJ, Hewitt DB, et al. Discrimination, abuse, harassment, and Burnout in Surgical Residency Training. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(18):1741–52. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsa1903759 .

Khubchandani JA, Atkinson RB, Ortega G, et al. Perceived discrimination among Surgical residents at Academic Medical centers. J Surg Res. 2022;272:79–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2021.10.029 .

Wong RL, Sullivan MC, Yeo HL, Roman SA, Bell RH Jr, Sosa JA. Race and surgical residency: results from a national survey of 4339 US general surgery residents. Ann Surg. 2013;257(4):782–7. https://doi.org/10.1097/sla.0b013e318269d2d0 .

Eruchalu CN, He K, Etheridge JC, et al. Gender and Racial/Ethnic disparities in operative volumes of graduating general surgery residents. J Surg Res. 2022;279:104–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2022.05.020 .

Nieblas-Bedolla E, Williams JR, Christophers B, Kweon CY, Williams EJ, Jimenez N. Trends in Race/Ethnicity among applicants and matriculants to US Surgical specialties, 2010–2018. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2023509. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.23509 .

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Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants Hospital, 101 Dudley St, 02905, Providence, RI, USA

Patricia GiglioAyers, Christine E. Foley, Beth Cronin & Dayna Burrell

The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 222 Richmond Street, 02903, Providence, RI, USA

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Contributions

PGA and DB were involved in the conception, design, interpretation of data, and manuscript writing. CF was involved in the design of this study, analysis, and editing of the manuscript. BC contributed to the conception, design, and editing of this work. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Patricia GiglioAyers .

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The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethics, approval, and consent to participate

The ethical approval for the study and informed consent are waived by the Women and Infants Institutional Review Board due to retrospective nature of the study. All methods carried out in the study were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.

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Competing interests.

The author(s) declare(s) that they have no competing interests. Dr. Dayna Burrell has acted as a BMC Education article review in the past upon request. This data was accepted for oral presentation at the 2023 CREOG and APGO Annual Meeting. The conference took place February 27-March 1, 2023 in National Harbor, Maryland.

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GiglioAyers, P., Foley, C.E., Cronin, B. et al. Investigating racial/ethnic differences in procedure experience in obstetrics & gynecology trainees at a single academic institution: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Med Educ 24 , 561 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-024-05363-9

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Received : 07 June 2023

Accepted : 28 March 2024

Published : 23 May 2024

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-024-05363-9

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