java if else assignment

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In programming, we use the if..else statement to run a block of code among more than one alternatives.

For example, assigning grades (A, B, C) based on the percentage obtained by a student.

• if the percentage is above 90 , assign grade A
• if the percentage is above 75 , assign grade B
• if the percentage is above 65 , assign grade C

1. Java if (if-then) Statement

The syntax of an if-then statement is:

Here, condition is a boolean expression such as age >= 18 .

• if condition evaluates to true , statements are executed
• if condition evaluates to false , statements are skipped

Working of if Statement

Example 1: Java if Statement

In the program, number < 0 is false . Hence, the code inside the body of the if statement is skipped .

Note: If you want to learn more about about test conditions, visit Java Relational Operators and Java Logical Operators .

We can also use Java Strings as the test condition.

Example 2: Java if with String

In the above example, we are comparing two strings in the if block.

2. Java if...else (if-then-else) Statement

The if statement executes a certain section of code if the test expression is evaluated to true . However, if the test expression is evaluated to false , it does nothing.

In this case, we can use an optional else block. Statements inside the body of else block are executed if the test expression is evaluated to false . This is known as the if-...else statement in Java.

The syntax of the if...else statement is:

Here, the program will do one task (codes inside if block) if the condition is true and another task (codes inside else block) if the condition is false .

How the if...else statement works?

Example 3: Java if...else Statement

In the above example, we have a variable named number . Here, the test expression number > 0 checks if number is greater than 0.

Since the value of the number is 10 , the test expression evaluates to true . Hence code inside the body of if is executed.

Now, change the value of the number to a negative integer. Let's say -5 .

If we run the program with the new value of number , the output will be:

Here, the value of number is -5 . So the test expression evaluates to false . Hence code inside the body of else is executed.

3. Java if...else...if Statement

In Java, we have an if...else...if ladder, that can be used to execute one block of code among multiple other blocks.

Here, if statements are executed from the top towards the bottom. When the test condition is true , codes inside the body of that if block is executed. And, program control jumps outside the if...else...if ladder.

If all test expressions are false , codes inside the body of else are executed.

How the if...else...if ladder works?

Example 4: Java if...else...if Statement

In the above example, we are checking whether number is positive, negative, or zero . Here, we have two condition expressions:

• number > 0 - checks if number is greater than 0
• number < 0 - checks if number is less than 0

Here, the value of number is 0 . So both the conditions evaluate to false . Hence the statement inside the body of else is executed.

Note : Java provides a special operator called ternary operator , which is a kind of shorthand notation of if...else...if statement. To learn about the ternary operator, visit Java Ternary Operator .

4. Java Nested if..else Statement

In Java, it is also possible to use if..else statements inside an if...else statement. It's called the nested if...else statement.

Here's a program to find the largest of 3 numbers using the nested if...else statement.

Example 5: Nested if...else Statement

In the above programs, we have assigned the value of variables ourselves to make this easier.

However, in real-world applications, these values may come from user input data, log files, form submission, etc.

Table of Contents

• Introduction
• Java if (if-then) Statement
• Example: Java if Statement
• Java if...else (if-then-else) Statement
• Example: Java if else Statement
• Java if..else..if Statement
• Example: Java if..else..if Statement
• Java Nested if..else Statement

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You already know that Java supports the usual logical conditions from mathematics:

• Less than: a < b
• Less than or equal to: a <= b
• Greater than: a > b
• Greater than or equal to: a >= b
• Equal to a == b
• Not Equal to: a != b

You can use these conditions to perform different actions for different decisions.

Java has the following conditional statements:

• Use if to specify a block of code to be executed, if a specified condition is true
• Use else to specify a block of code to be executed, if the same condition is false
• Use else if to specify a new condition to test, if the first condition is false
• Use switch to specify many alternative blocks of code to be executed

The if Statement

Use the if statement to specify a block of Java code to be executed if a condition is true .

Note that if is in lowercase letters. Uppercase letters (If or IF) will generate an error.

In the example below, we test two values to find out if 20 is greater than 18. If the condition is true , print some text:

Try it Yourself »

We can also test variables:

Example explained

In the example above we use two variables, x and y , to test whether x is greater than y (using the > operator). As x is 20, and y is 18, and we know that 20 is greater than 18, we print to the screen that "x is greater than y".

Test Yourself With Exercises

Print "Hello World" if x is greater than y .

Start the Exercise

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Java if-else Statements

Java programming tutorial index.

If else statements in Java is also used to control the program flow based on some condition, only the difference is: it's used to execute some statement code block if the expression is evaluated to true, otherwise executes else statement code block.

The basic format of if else statement is:

Figure - Flowchart of if-else Statement:

Example of a Java Program to Demonstrate If else statements

Program Output:

The Java Tutorials have been written for JDK 8. Examples and practices described in this page don't take advantage of improvements introduced in later releases and might use technology no longer available. See Java Language Changes for a summary of updated language features in Java SE 9 and subsequent releases. See JDK Release Notes for information about new features, enhancements, and removed or deprecated options for all JDK releases.

Equality, Relational, and Conditional Operators

The equality and relational operators.

The equality and relational operators determine if one operand is greater than, less than, equal to, or not equal to another operand. The majority of these operators will probably look familiar to you as well. Keep in mind that you must use " == ", not " = ", when testing if two primitive values are equal.

The following program, ComparisonDemo , tests the comparison operators:

The Conditional Operators

The && and || operators perform Conditional-AND and Conditional-OR operations on two boolean expressions. These operators exhibit "short-circuiting" behavior, which means that the second operand is evaluated only if needed.

The following program, ConditionalDemo1 , tests these operators:

Another conditional operator is ?: , which can be thought of as shorthand for an if-then-else statement (discussed in the Control Flow Statements section of this lesson). This operator is also known as the ternary operator because it uses three operands. In the following example, this operator should be read as: "If someCondition is true , assign the value of value1 to result . Otherwise, assign the value of value2 to result ."

The following program, ConditionalDemo2 , tests the ?: operator:

Because someCondition is true, this program prints "1" to the screen. Use the ?: operator instead of an if-then-else statement if it makes your code more readable; for example, when the expressions are compact and without side-effects (such as assignments).

The Type Comparison Operator instanceof

The instanceof operator compares an object to a specified type. You can use it to test if an object is an instance of a class, an instance of a subclass, or an instance of a class that implements a particular interface.

The following program, InstanceofDemo , defines a parent class (named Parent ), a simple interface (named MyInterface ), and a child class (named Child ) that inherits from the parent and implements the interface.

When using the instanceof operator, keep in mind that null is not an instance of anything.

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Home » Java Tutorial » Java if-else

Java if-else

Summary : in this tutorial, you will learn how to use the Java if-else statement to execute a block of code if a condition is true and another code block if the condition is false.

Introduction to the Java if-else statement

The Java if-else statement evaluates a condition. If the condition is true , it executes a code block that follows the if keyword. If the condition is false , it executes another code block that follows the else keyword.

Here’s the syntax of the if-else statement:

In this syntax:

• if : This keyword marks the beginning of the if-else statement.
• (condition) : This is a condition that the if-else statement will evaluate. It can be true or false .
• {} This is the first pair of curly brace containing the code block that the if-else statement will execute if the condition is true .
• else : This else keyword introduces the alternate code block to be executed if the condition is false .
• {}: The second pair of curly braces enclose the block of code that the if-else statement will execute if the condition is false .

Java if-else statement examples

Let’s take some examples of using the Java if-else statement.

1) Simple Java if-else example

The following example shows how to use the if-else statement to display different messages based on the value of a variable temperature :

In this example, we have an integer variable temperature with a value of 25 . The if-else statement checks if the temperature is greater than 30.

Since this condition is false , the if-else statement executes the code block in the else part that displays the message "It's not too hot." .

2) Using the if-else statement to find the max of two numbers

The following uses the if-else statement to find the maximum number of two numbers:

How it works.

First, declare two integer variables x and y , and initialize their values to 10 and 20 respectively.

Second, declare the max variable that holds the maximum number.

Third, check if x is greater than y , and assign the x to the max if the condition is true. Otherwise, assign the value of y to max .

Finally, display the value of the max variable, which is 20 in this case.

Nest if-else statement

Like the if statement, you can nest an if-else statement inside an if or if-else statement.

In theory, you can have an unlimited level of nestings. But in practice, you should avoid nesting the if-else statement to make the code easier to understand.

Here’s the syntax for using nested if-else statements:

The following example illustrates how to use the nested if-else statement to find the maximum number of three numbers:

• First, define three integer variables x , y , and z and initialize their values to 10, 20, and 30 respectively.
• It checks if x is greater than y .
• If yes, it further checks if x is greater than z . If true, x is assigned to max , otherwise z is assigned to max .
• If x is not greater than y , it checks if y is greater than z . If true, y is assigned to max , otherwise z is assigned to max .
• Finally, print the value of max , which represents the maximum among x , y , and z . In this case, it will print 30, as z is the maximum value.
• Use Java if-else statement to execute a block of code if a condition is true or another block of code if the condition is false .
• Avoid nesting too many if-else statements to make your code more readable and easier to understand.

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• Java One Line if Statement
• Java Howtos

Ternary Operator in Java

One line if-else statement using filter in java 8.

The if-else statement in Java is a fundamental construct used to conditionally execute blocks of code based on certain conditions. However, it often requires multiple lines to define a simple if-else block, which may not always be ideal, especially for concise and readable code.

Fortunately, Java provides a shorthand form called the ternary operator, which allows us to write a one-line if-else statement.

The ternary operator in Java, denoted as ? : , provides a compact way to represent an if-else statement. Its syntax is as follows:

Here, condition is evaluated first. If condition is true, expression1 is executed; otherwise, expression2 is executed.

Example 1: Assigning a Value Based on a Condition

This code uses the ternary operator to determine if a student has made a distinction based on their exam marks.

If marks is greater than 70 , the string Yes is assigned to the distinction variable and the output will be:

If marks is less than or equal to 70 , the string No is assigned to the distinction variable and the output will be:

Example 2: Printing a Message Conditionally

This code defines a Boolean variable isRaining with the value true and uses a ternary operator to print a message based on the value of isRaining .

If isRaining is true , it prints Bring an umbrella ; otherwise, it prints No need for an umbrella .

Example 3: Returning a Value from a Method

In this code, we’re assigning the maximum of a and b to the variable max using a ternary operator. The maximum value is then printed to the console.

You can try it yourself by replacing the values of a and b with your desired values to find the maximum between them.

Java 8 introduced streams and the filter method, which operates similarly to an if-else statement. It allows us to filter elements based on a condition.

Here’s its syntax:

Predicate is a functional interface that takes an argument and returns a Boolean. It’s often used with lambda expressions to define the condition for filtering.

Here’s a demonstration of a one-line if-else -like usage using the filter method in Java 8 streams.

As we can see, this example demonstrates a one-line usage of an if-else -like structure using the filter method. It first defines a list of words and then applies a stream to this list.

Within the map function, a lambda expression is used to check if each word starts with the letter b . If a word meets this condition, it remains unchanged; otherwise, it is replaced with the string Not available .

Finally, the resulting stream is collected back into a list using collect(Collectors.toList()) . The output shows the effect of this one-line if-else -like usage, modifying the words based on the specified condition.

Let’s see another example.

This example code also showcases the use of Java 8 streams to filter and print elements from a list based on a condition. The code begins by importing necessary packages and defining a class named Java8Streams .

Inside the main method, a list of strings, stringList , is created with elements 1 and 2 . The stream is then created from this list using the stream() method.

Next, the filter method is applied to this stream, utilizing a lambda expression as the predicate. The lambda expression checks if the string is equal to 1 .

If this condition is true, the string is allowed to pass through the filter; otherwise, it is discarded.

Finally, the forEach method is used to iterate over the filtered stream and print each element that passed the filter. It uses a method reference System.out::println to achieve this.

In summary, one-line if statements in Java offer a compact and efficient way to handle simple conditional logic. By understanding the syntax and appropriate usage, you can write concise code while maintaining readability and clarity.

Rashmi is a professional Software Developer with hands on over varied tech stack. She has been working on Java, Springboot, Microservices, Typescript, MySQL, Graphql and more. She loves to spread knowledge via her writings. She is keen taking up new things and adopt in her career.

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Nested if in Java

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Generally, if condition works like yes or no type. If the condition satisfies, it executes some block of code. Otherwise, it doesn’t execute the code. Let us see the syntax of the simple if condition.

Syntax :  

Nested if condition 

Nested means within. Nested if condition means if-within-if. Nested if condition comes under decision-making statement in Java . There could be infinite if conditions inside an if condition. The below syntax represents the Nested if condition.

Syntax : 

Note – If the inner condition satisfies then only outer if will be executed. Along with if conditions we can write else conditions also.

Example 1 

Code explanation :

• In the first step, we have imported the required packages.
• In the next step, we have created a class names GFG
• In the next step, we have written the main method.
• Within the main method, we have assigned values to variables.
• Using nested if conditions, we have printed a statement.
• Here two statements are true. Hence statement was executed successfully.

Example 2 :

• Here inner if the condition is not true. Hence else part is executed.

Nested if condition comes under decision-making statement in Java. It contains several branches with an if condition inside another if condition. The syntax, code examples, and explanations of Nested-if statements are covered in detail in the above article.

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