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Essay on Reign Of Terror DBQ

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100 Words Essay on Reign Of Terror DBQ

Introduction.

The Reign of Terror was a period in the French Revolution, from 1793 to 1794, marked by mass executions. The Committee of Public Safety, led by Maximilien Robespierre, caused this era of extreme violence and paranoia.

Causes of the Reign of Terror

The Reign of Terror was caused by the conflict between two political factions, the Girondins and the Jacobins. The Jacobins took control and started the Reign of Terror to suppress their enemies and control the revolution.

The Role of Robespierre

Robespierre, a key figure in the Reign of Terror, believed in the use of terror to achieve revolutionary goals. He justified the executions as a means to promote equality and liberty.

Impact of the Reign of Terror

The Reign of Terror led to the execution of around 40,000 people. It instilled fear but also led to the establishment of the French Republic. It ended with the fall of Robespierre in 1794.

The Reign of Terror was a dark period in French history. It was a time of extreme violence and fear, but it also played a significant role in shaping the future of France.

250 Words Essay on Reign Of Terror DBQ

The Reign of Terror was a dark and violent period during the French Revolution. It lasted from September 1793 to July 1794. During this time, many people were arrested and executed for being “enemies of the revolution”.

The Reign of Terror started because the new French government wanted to protect the revolution. They were scared of people who did not agree with them. So, they decided to arrest and sometimes kill these people. This was their way of keeping control.

The Reign of Terror had a big impact on France. Many people were killed, including the king and queen. This caused a lot of fear and chaos. It also changed the way the government worked. The government became more powerful because they could control people through fear.

The Reign of Terror ended when Maximilien Robespierre, the leader of the government, was arrested and executed. After his death, the violence stopped, and the government became less strict. This marked the end of a very scary time in French history.

In conclusion, the Reign of Terror was a time of fear and violence in France. It was caused by the government’s desire to protect the revolution. It ended when the leader of the government was killed. This period showed how power can be used in a harmful way. It is a reminder of the importance of fairness and respect for all people.

500 Words Essay on Reign Of Terror DBQ

The reign of terror: an overview.

The Reign of Terror, also known as the Terror, was a period in the French Revolution marked by brutal repression and mass executions. It happened between September 1793 and July 1794, and it was led by the Committee of Public Safety. The aim was to protect the revolution from its enemies and to establish a democratic republic. But it ended up causing fear and death, hence the name “Reign of Terror”.

The Causes of the Reign of Terror

The Reign of Terror was caused by many factors. There was a deep conflict between two political groups, the Girondins and the Jacobins. The Jacobins, who were more radical, took control and started the Terror. France was also at war with many European countries, and there was a fear of foreign invasion. This fear led to the belief that drastic measures were needed to protect the revolution.

Maximilien Robespierre, a Jacobin leader, played a key role in the Reign of Terror. He believed that to save the revolution, it was necessary to get rid of its enemies. This led to the arrest and execution of many people, including King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette. Robespierre’s rule was so harsh that he was eventually overthrown and executed, marking the end of the Reign of Terror.

The Impact of the Reign of Terror

The Reign of Terror had a big impact on France and the world. It led to the death of thousands of people. Many were executed without fair trials. This period of violence and fear left a lasting mark on French history. It also showed the dangers of political extremism and the potential for violence in times of change.

The Reign of Terror DBQ: A Tool for Learning

A DBQ, or Document-Based Question, is a tool used in teaching history. It presents students with a question and a series of historical documents. Using these documents, students must answer the question in an essay. A DBQ on the Reign of Terror can help students understand this period better. It can show them the causes, the key figures like Robespierre, and the impact of the Reign of Terror. It can also encourage them to think critically about history and to form their own opinions.

In conclusion, the Reign of Terror was a dark period in the French Revolution, marked by fear, violence, and mass executions. It was caused by political conflict and fear of invasion. It was led by Robespierre and ended with his downfall. Despite its brutality, it is an important part of history that students can learn from through tools like the DBQ.

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The Reign Of Terror Was Unjustified Dbq Essay

the reign of terror dbq essay

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1. Battle disasters quickly inflamed revolutionaries who thought the king was in league with the enemies. On August 10, 1792, a crowd of Parisians stormed the royal palace of the Tuileries and slaughtered the king’s guards. The royal family fled to the Legislative Assembly, escaping before the mob arrived. A month later, citizens attacked prisons that held nobles and priests accused of political offenses. About 1,200 prisoners were killed; among them were many ordinary criminals. Historians disagree about the people who carried out the “September massacres.” Some call them bloodthirsty mobs. Others describe them as patriots defending France from its enemies. In fact, most were ordinary citizens fired to fury by real and imagined grievances.…

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B.One knows that when matters take more than a year to finish, then serious procedures must be taken. In a letter sent to a revolutionary government in Paris a local government is doing just that (Doc. D) “departmental advisor requests... a decree whereby the criminal court of Niort judges this case as the last resort.” This letter suggests that the Revolution is so chaotic in there city that even their own government cannot handle it. As a result they request the right to be able to execute anyone inside of France that is possibly a traitor. In short, The Reign of Terror was justified because even internal threats governments wanted to take the Revolution to extreme measures and to stop it as quickly as possible. C.Continuing with the internal threats in France there was another event happening in France as shown in the timeline provided (Doc. A) “April 1793- Counterrevolutionary revolts break out in France.” This quote implies that in order to stop all these revolts and to maintain peace the people who caused the revolts must be eliminated.D. Hence, eliminating the causes of these revolts were one of the methods used to bring back France’s strength and stability. For this reason the Reign of Terror was the ultimate way to stop the Revolution and create a new…

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Not only was the Reign of Terror a big part of the French Revolution but it was a very unjustified event, creating sins among the people. They treated the dead as heads and bodies of simple animals rather than thinking of them as once humans. “Carried it mockingly, upside down on a cart, offering it to passers-by to spit on”(59). The people then went against the churches abolishing holidays which were important to many people and their beliefs. They also killed thousands, “many of these people were guillotined”(63). They would cut the heads of criminals and even innocent without trial. The guillotine began very popular through these months, becoming the number one way of killing. “The guillotine became one of the most powerful symbols of the French Revolution… It had a sharp, angled blade, which dropped quickly on a guided track”(65). These months were very gruesome for the people of france and many families, to where no one felt safe. These murders were sins, killed without reason or trial making the Reign of Terror unjustified.…

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the reign of terror dbq essay

Show More Starting in 1793 January and ending in 1794 July these eighteen months were a time period with endless bloodshed to the french, resulting in over 20,000 deaths by the execution of guillotine. Various reason to be sentenced to death but, most causes of death was their ideas that they came up with, methods, and even threats or conflicts. People ponder over whether they think that in the end the Reign of Terror was justified or not, but in the end was it really worth to have that many people die? They could have figured out a different path to take in order to have the same results, but spared an exceptionally greater amount of innocent people. One of the reasons towards why the Reign of Terror was not reasonable was that the people were living in fear of being executed, so they did what they could to not have their life come to such a fate. People blamed others of breaking the law so they were not suspected by the government. In document D, “Already several of these bandits have been arrested,” people who have been speaking their beliefs, or standing up for what they feel is right is resulting in them being treated like criminals. The “Committee of …show more content… In document A, the government is accused by the national assembly that “The ignorance, neglect, or contempt of the rights of man are the sole causes of public calamities the corruption of the government.” In document B it states "Government denies legal counsel to accused enemies of the revolution. Law of Suspects passed which limited rights of the accused. Forced military draft. Committee of Public Safety cracks down on rebels." As people were being forced to fight and sacrifice their lives even if they did not want to. With the Reign of Terror was not justified as the people had to fight in order to end everything, when they could have tried other ways without getting hurt and

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Dark Legacy: the Impact of Ted Bundy’s Demise on Criminology and Society

This essay about the impact of Ted Bundy’s demise on criminology and society explores the profound repercussions of his reign of terror. It examines how Bundy’s actions forced law enforcement agencies to reassess their practices, sparked a national dialogue on violence against women, and deepened our understanding of the criminal psyche. While his legacy continues to shape both academia and popular culture, it emphasizes the importance of remembering the human cost of his atrocities and honoring the resilience of his victims and their families.

How it works

In the tapestry of criminal history, the name Ted Bundy is woven with threads of dread and intrigue. His legacy, shrouded in darkness, casts a long shadow over the realms of criminology and society alike. The repercussions of his demise echo through the corridors of academia, law enforcement agencies, and the collective consciousness of humanity.

Ted Bundy was not merely a serial killer; he was a cunning predator, a shape-shifter who manipulated his way into the lives of his victims. With a facade of charm and charisma, he ensnared unsuspecting young women before unleashing his brutal violence upon them.

His reign of terror spanned states, leaving a trail of devastation and death in his wake.

However, it was not Bundy’s gruesome crimes alone that left an indelible mark on criminology and society. It was the manner of his capture, trial, and eventual demise that reverberated deeply. The sheer scale of his atrocities forced law enforcement agencies to reassess their investigative methodologies and protocols. Bundy’s ability to evade capture for so long exposed glaring inadequacies in the system, catalyzing a much-needed reform of law enforcement practices.

His trial, a spectacle dubbed “The Trial of the Century” by the media, captivated the nation and offered a stark glimpse into the intricacies of the criminal psyche. Psychologists and criminologists dissected Bundy’s behavior, seeking to unravel the enigma of his mind. His case became a pivotal study in abnormal psychology, fostering a deeper comprehension of the complexities of serial killers and their motivations.

Yet, perhaps the most profound impact of Bundy’s demise was its resonance within society, particularly concerning violence against women. Bundy’s victims were predominantly young women, and his crimes served as a chilling reminder of the pervasive dangers faced by women. His case sparked a national dialogue about misogyny, gender-based violence, and the urgent need for greater safeguards for women.

In the years since Bundy’s death, his legacy has continued to shape the landscape of criminology and permeate popular culture. Countless books, documentaries, and films have sought to dissect his life and crimes, ensuring that his name remains etched in infamy for generations to come.

Nevertheless, amid the morbid fascination with Bundy the man, it is imperative not to lose sight of the victims and their families. Each life he extinguished was a tragedy, leaving behind a void that can never be filled. As we reflect on Bundy’s dark legacy, let us also honor the resilience of those who survived him and the relentless dedication of law enforcement officials who brought him to justice.

In summation, Ted Bundy’s demise left an indelible imprint on criminology and society at large. His reign of terror exposed systemic flaws in law enforcement practices, ignited a national conversation about violence against women, and deepened our understanding of the criminal psyche. Yet, amidst the fascination with Bundy himself, we must never forget the human cost of his atrocities. As we forge ahead, let us honor the memory of his victims and strive for a world where such horrors are but a distant memory.

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Reign Of Terror Dbq Essay

King Louis XVI of England needed to raise more money for his growing army and empire. After he failed to raise taxes, he called a meeting of the Estates Generals. That meeting ended up becoming a protest against the horrible conditions in France. The people of France were displeased with their living conditions and argued that France is the wealthiest country in Europe so they should be living comfortably. Austria and Prussia also form an alliance in which they decide to impose war on France. This leads to even more chaos in the country and the beginning of the Reign of Terror. Although the French formed the conscripted army which protected them from foreign threats, the entire nation fell into chaos and immense amounts of public executions …show more content…

“[In March 1793] the revolutionary Tribunal (a court of justice) was established to try all crimes against the state. Tribunal members would not be elected by the people, but appointed by the National Convention (the revolutionary government) and their power would be absolute” (Doc E). The people of France could not choose who would be monitoring their opinions and behavior toward the government which deeply upset them. “A careless word of criticism spoken against the government could put one in prison or worse” (Doc E). Citizens of France had no freedom of speech and could never openly express their opinions on the government which led to revolting and angry mobs. The author, Steven Otfinoski, wrote this passage to let the reader know all of the terrors and imposing forces that scared and held back the people of France. Their article also explains one of the reasons that the French revolted and also gives us an example of why the Reign of Terror was so awful and unjustified. There is no bias because there is no reason to be biased or make one side sound better than the …show more content…

“In October 1793, Revolutionaries decided to make an example of counter-revolutionaries in Lyons. On one day, revolutionaries destroyed 1600 homes and chopped off 12 heads in five minutes” (Doc C). The revolutionary government did not accept any type of rebellion or disagreement no matter where you are in France or what class you are. They monitored all of France and would do everything in their power to end any opposing opinions. “Historians estimate that anywhere between 80,000 and 500,000 French people on both sides died in the Vendée in 1793” (Doc C). The people of France wanted to fight for what they believed in, but the patriots and revolutionary government did everything in their power to stop that even if it resulted in mass amounts of death. The map was created to show the reader that everywhere in France people were fighting back and disagreeing with the revolutionary government, but were met with fighting and destruction. The map is also biased against the mostly negative

Reasons For The Reign Of Terror Dbq

Government response was one of the reasons why the Reign of Terror was unjust because they treated their own citizens very poorly. On the map, it shows that the Reign of Terror was unjust because the government was forcing people to join the military against their will. “The Vendee region was the hub of the counterrevolution. People here fiercely fought against military draft called the levee en masse and against laws that tried to abolish Christianity in France” (Doc C). The government proved to be very strict and forced people into the military draft called the levee en masse.

Robespierre led the French Revolution known as “The Reign of Terror”. The new government would execute large numbers of individuals whom they believed to be enemies of the revolution. So, the Reign of Terror was unjustified, for it not only violated the Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen in multiple cases, specifically articles two and ten, but also caused the death of thousands. Although the Committee of Public Safety had good intentions, it ended up doing more harm than good as they invaded people’s lives and disregarded their rights as human beings.

Reign Of Terror Dbq

The main goal for the “Reign of Terror” was to get rid of Frances enemies of the war that was happening and protect the country from foreign invaders. There was another name for the “Reign of Terror” it was “The Terror.” This happened during the “French Revolution” between the ninth month of later seventeen hundred and the seventh month of the later seventeenth hundred. The Government decided to make the “Terror” the order of the day on September fifth. This was against those suspected of being enemies or against them.

The Reign Of Terror Was Justified Dbq Essay

A quote from a letter written by a government official from the local government of the town Niort in Western France to the National Convention (Doc D) states, “It is with greatest of sorrow that we inform you that six patriots have already fallen victim to this rabble…” This quote from the letter in Doc D shows how the rabble or crowd of counterrevolutionaries were aggressive and becoming unruly. A quote from the book Triumph and Terror: The French Revolution written by Stecen Otfinoski in 1993 (Doc E) states, “ The purpose was to protect the public safety from enemies both in and outside of France… In the countryside, the slow tribunals were replaced with ruthless commissions that killed an estimated 35,000-40,000 people. Many of these people were guillotined.”

Dbq French Revolution

The acts of the French Revolution were completely justified and essential for the prosperous future of France and Europe. The revolution resulted in many historical movements and the uproar that would bring freedom and liberty to France and Europe. Although some of the ideas and concepts could be seen as excessive, they were all necessary. Everything from the Bastille invasion to the establishment of the Committee of Public Safety, to even the Reign of Terror. The Bastille invasion was one of the main defining movements that would set the foundation for the French Revolution, it marked the moment commoners would enter and become pawns of the French Revolution.

Reign Of Terror Justified Dbq

Because the patriots posed as a threat, “forty of their number were killed” (Document D). This issue should have been dealt with differently; there is a way to stop uprisings like this other than killing people. Also, the government abolished “Sunday worship, Christmas, and Easter” (Document C). This is not fair for the French citizens who normally participate in these events. The people should be free to follow their own beliefs.

The Reign of Terror was a climatic event of violence that insured the death of many people. The Reign of Terror was one of the most historical events during the French Revolution because it helped save France from invasion by other countries, and in that sense preserved the Revolution. During this time, there were many public executions and mass killings of suspects in September 1793 through July 1794. In total 300,00 people were arrested, 17,000 were executed, and 10,000 presumably died in prison. The Reign of Terror was also organized by the twelve-man committee of safety.

The Reign Of Terror Dbq Analysis

The Reign of Terror did not support the ideals of the revolution. Unfortunately for French citizens, they were not able to elect tribunal members. The tribunal members, who have absolute power were “appointed by the National Convention” (Document E). French people were rejected in their own country, which is proven by the statement that “conspirators are, in its eyes, only strangers”(Document G). The original ideals were made to protect the people of France but instead they were killing

Was The Reign Of Terror Justified Analysis

“The French army had three purposes in mind: to protect the new government at home; to spread the revolutionary ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity beyond its borders; to punish the French émigrés.” (Map from various sources; Caption 2, Document B). The French army didn’t want to just stop the attacks of foreign monarchies, but they wanted to spread liberty, equality, and fraternity as well. They started useless fights, destroying the peace between the monarchies. “In 1793, a revolutionary campaign was launched against the Catholic Church.

To What Extent Was King Louis XVI Responsible For The French Revolution?

King Louis XVI, who was the ruler at the time, was a main contributor to these problems that led France to its downfall. The country had a massive lack of resources and food, which led King Louis XVI to borrow more money than he could afford, thus putting the country in immense debt. Despite the very visible crisis overthrowing the country, the king was incapable of accepting his mistakes and refused to change his ways. He maintained the unjust voting system, known as the Estates-General, and worsened the taxing system in order to pay off his debts. The people, especially those of the Third Estate, were clearly angry and dissatisfied with the state of the country, which led them seek out a movement for what was right.

The Development Of The Terror In France Was Due To Counter Revolution

The suspicion that nobility and obstinate clergymen were planning to destabilize the state grew with the outbreak of war in April 1792 and the execution of the king in January 1793. However, there were other variables at work. Due to the necessity for soldiers and resources during the conflict, levies were implemented, causing unrest and dissatisfaction among the populace. Furthermore, the Terror reflected the influence of the sans-culottes, who pushed for severe measures against perceived adversaries of the Revolution. Furthermore, the federal insurrection was a reaction to centralization rather than a true counter-revolution.

French Revolution Justified Dbq Analysis

Nearly 10,000 French army officers and aristocrats (nobles) were ready to join the foreign invasion (Doc C). France was facing a real crisis with only two years into the revolution. The Reign of Terror was bloody, but it clarified the goals of all French citizens- join the army, protect the revolution, and resist the return to feudalism and the Old Regime. The map addresses that France had external threats, in August 1792, 80,000 Austrian and Prussian armies were marching towards France to suppresses the French Revolution. That was not the only problem France had though, they also had internal troubles, 10,000 French army officers and aristocrats had moved to the Austrian-controlled Netherlands to form armies and they allied themselves with France’s foreign enemies.

Social Inequality In The French Revolution

The French Revolution, which lasted from 1789 to 1799, was primarily a response to the poor leadership of King Louis XVI who had been ruling France at the time. A number of commoners took to the streets of Paris to protest against the monarchy after years of alienation and paying abundance of tax and fees. The bourgeoisie was also out of touch with the rigid social structure orchestrated by the regime as they were often excluded from law-making decisions and other political rights that were given exclusively to noblemen. Shortly after the monarchy had been abolished, the church became victimized at the hands of the revolutionaries who recognized the institution as a chunk of the Ancien Regime that needed to be destroyed. On that note, the French

Rebellion Against Government: Is Rebellion Justified?

The people of France tried to resolve issues peacefully but the king cared only about his power and acted at the expense of the citizens. According to the French Revolution portion of the Encyclopedia Britannica Online, the bourgeoisie wanted to have political power and the peasants did not want the feudal system to continue (French Revolution 2). A large meeting was held to discuss and solve issues, but, “rumors of an ‘aristocratic conspiracy’ by the king and the privileged to overthrow the Third Estate led to the Great Fear of July 1789.” (French Revolution 2). With the king of France being unwilling to actually resolve any conflicts, the only choice that was left was to overthrow the government as a whole and rebuild it into being a more fair and just system.

The Successes And Failures Of The French Revolution

This enormous massacre of people went against Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity, all of which the national assembly declared were every man 's right. Much of the killing can be blamed on Robespierre and King Louis XVI. Although it was mostly a failure, some achievements can be seen through the Revolution. The French Revolution helped the French people become a more equal and socialist state. This showed Europe that the French were capable of revolting and they were not afraid to stand up for what they believed.

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Is Ticketmaster’s Reign of Terror Really About to End?

Portrait of Nia Prater

On Thursday, the U.S. Department of Justice announced that it had filed an antitrust lawsuit against Live Nation Entertainment Inc., the parent company of Ticketmaster, alleging that the firm has monopolized the live-entertainment industry, resulting in higher tickets prices and fees for consumers. The federal government was joined by the attorneys general of 29 states and Washington, D.C., in its suit. Here’s what we know about the suit and its prospects in court.

What does the lawsuit allege?

U.S. Attorney General Merrick Garland announced the federal government’s lawsuit at a Thursday-morning press conference, accusing Live Nation of violating the Sherman Antitrust Act. “We allege that Live Nation has illegally monopolized markets across the live concert industry in the United States for far too long. It is time to break it up,” he said.

In the 128-page lawsuit filed in the Southern District of New York, the Justice Department describes Live Nation and its subsidiary Ticketmaster as “the gatekeeper for the delivery of nearly all live music in America today.” The federal government alleges that Live Nation has acquired smaller regional promoters and retaliated against venues that have worked with its rivals as a way to consolidate its power in the industry. The Feds also accuse the company of using exclusive contracts to lock in venues and bar them from using rival ticketing companies as well as using its ownership of major venues to force artists to use its promotions services or risk not being able to play the venue.

The filing refers to the plethora of fees that music lovers are forced to pay whenever they purchase a ticket to a show, calling them a “Ticketmaster Tax” that the government says “far exceed fees in comparable parts of the world.” Fan complaints about Ticketmaster reached new heights during the chaotic ticket rollout for Taylor Swift’s Eras Tours.

The government also alleges that Live Nation formed a partnership with Oak View Group, a potential competitor that it accuses of “influencing venues and artists for the benefit of Live Nation,” including helping to flip six venues to Ticketmaster. Doing so, the government says, violates the merger between Live Nation and Ticketmaster that it approved in 2010, which included a consent decree that barred the company from pressuring or retaliating against venues over use of its services. That decree was extended in 2019 after the federal government alleged that Live Nation had violated the order.

“Taken individually and considered together, Live Nation’s and Ticketmaster’s conduct allows them to exploit their conflicts of interest — as a promoter, ticketer, venue owner, and artist manager — across the live music industry and further entrench their dominant positions,” the suit reads.

What is the government seeking?

The Justice Department wants to force Live Nation to divest from Ticketmaster “along with any additional relief as needed to cure any anticompetitive harm.” It’s also calling for the dissolution of Live Nation’s ticketing agreement with the Oak View Group and for the company to provide necessary relief to “restore competitive conditions” in the markets affected by Live Nation’s actions. The lawsuit also requests a jury trial in the matter, which is uncommon for antitrust cases pursued by the government.

The timeline for a potential trial is unclear, but it would be a lengthy one. An antitrust case filed by the Justice Department against Google in 2020 over its search engine just wrapped up closing arguments earlier this month.

What has Live Nation said?

In a statement, Live Nation Entertainment rejected the Justice Department’s claims, saying that the lawsuit does nothing to address concerns from consumers and that the company’s 1.4 percent annual net profits are “the opposite of monopoly power.”

“ We will defend against these baseless allegations, use this opportunity to shed light on the industry, and continue to push for reforms that truly protect consumers and artists,” it read.

  • u.s. justice department
  • live nation
  • ticketmaster
  • merrick garland

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Reign Of Terror Dbq Essay

The French Revolution began in 1789 as an attempt to form a new government in France.For quite a long time outright ruler had ruled the French country with little thought for most of the people.The execution of Louis XVI offered path to a year-long stretch of the French Revolution known as "The Reign of Terror ". Should people be oppressed for his or her convictions? The Reign of Terror kept going under two years, from the execution of Louis XVI in January 1793 to past due July 1794. Amid those eighteen months, in excess of 20,000 French individuals have been executed with the aid of guillotine . Guillotines have been tremendous falling slicing edges that were utilized by political enthusiasts known as radicals to execute traditionalists, who had been people that needed to hold the old methods. It isn't always proper for people to be abused for his or her convictions. The Reign of Terror in France became not supported. This claim can be reinforced by way of taking a gander at 3 zones: outer chance, the inner chance, and the techniques. …show more content…

One case of this is "homes of worship are quickly shut by using progressive government" which isn't always right, considering the fact that people need to have the potential to pick out what they have confidence in (document A). another case is that the "Legislature denies lawful course to blamed foes for the transformation" (report A). people need to be seemed however when they accept uniquely in contrast to something is left of most people. This demonstrates the rule of Terror was no longer supported, in light of the fact that individuals are rebuffed for their

The Reign Of Terror Essay

had been formed. As they met at the church of St. Louis, the King was delayed

Not Justified DBQ

One of the reasons the Reign of Terror was not justified was because of the brutal methods they used to execute and hurt people. During the French Revolution the guillotine became a powerful image. It was a sharp angled blade that would drop and decapitate the victim(Document F). It was also known as a “humane” way to execute criminals. However when detailed paintings are released showing blood filling the streets of France, and people being beheaded it was difficult for people to believe it was a humane way of killing someone. . In an art piece called “Nine Émigrés go to the Guillotine” shows tons of people watching and interested in someone getting their head chopped off ha. Also this shows that people were fascinated by the gruesome killing

Reign Of Terror DBQ

Have you ever heard of the Reign Of Terror? The Reign Of Terror was during the French Revolution.Maximilien De Robespierre used extreme methods to punish those who didn't agree with him. The Reign Of Terror wasn't Justified. The methods Robispierre used were barbaric and unjust.

Was The Reign Of Terror Justified Dbq Analysis

To begin, was The Reign of Terror justified? Does a bear poop in the woods? Yes. The Reign of Terror lasted less than two years, from the execution of Louis XVI in January 1793 to late July 1794. During those eighteen months, more than 20,000 French people were put to death by guillotine.

Compare And Contrast The Reign Of Terror Dbq

First, Robespierre declared, "Terror the order of the day" (Document B). This declaration was a start to Robespierre's idea of killing all traitors and enlightenment idealists. When one does not commit to listening to the ideas of every person, problems and conflict emerge, thus his ideas did not end in rejoice. Robespierre also didn't recognize people that had other ideals as citizensa citizens in the Republic but the republicans" (Document G). His quote means that conservatives will be the only ones receiving the perks of being a citizen. Robespierre tried to make the country united in thinking, but when civilians didn't agree with his ideas, he simply killed them, which is inhumane and unjustified in almost any case. Killing people doesn't solve any problems as more people will take their place. Robespierre didn't understand the gruesome immorality of killing as "16,000 people were guillotined during the Reign of Terror" (Document F). Executing in large amounts to prove a point isn’t a fantastic deal breaker to anyone. These examples prove the Reign of Terror was unreasonable as he did not listen to the overwhelming majority of the people and ended up massacring them to solve

Moreover, Document C relays that, “The Counterrevolutionaries included some members of the aristocracy, priests, peasants, and townspeople.” (Document C) The leaders of the Reign of Terror had a goal to punish the emigres and label all dissenters as enemies of their peaceful rule. The diversity of the countermovement shows that not just the emigres are rebelling against their abolition of superiority, and that all groups are oppressed unjustly.Withal, Document D concludes that, “At this time, counterrevolutionary activity had been increasing for more than a year. This official is reporting that soldiers already sent by the government have failed to stop the “rabble” and he is writing for more help. To make matters even more unsettling, Prussians were invading at the same time from the north.” The large number of dissenters shows that Revolutionary rule is widely abusive, and is therefore unjust. (Document D) Similarly, Document F also reports that, “Historians estimate that 16,000 people were guillotined during the Reign of Terror.” (Document F) The penalty of death is usually reserved for the most serious crimes. It cannot be that 16,000 people of the Counterrevolution are deserving of immoral public humiliation on top of death, making the methodology of the Reign of terror false. The oppression of the just Counterrevolution shows

Was The Reign Of Terror Not Justified Dbq

There was no justice to these violent acts of terror in France. The Reign of Terror started in 1749, which was started by the mean and disrespectful Robespierre. During the Reign of Terror, Robespierre was assisted by the Jacobins to torture and torment the weak and useless like the counter-revolutionaries. The Reign of Terror was not justified because of the discrimination against, the high number of executions, and the loss of natural rights.

How Did France Lose The Terror Dbq

Many people feared the French because they knew the power the French had and how much rule they could obtain. “Yet the greatest of our misfortunes was a certain fear of the concentration of authority necessary to save the state” (Document 5). The citizens’ armies were being beaten and were taken down slowly. In total, 13,347 people had died within the Terror and 10,456 of those killings were because of hostile acts against the state (Document 2). As noticed, the French use of guillotine was very successful in enforcing law and letting the people know where they stood. The French were going around and were murdering everyone who tried to go against them. They had zero tolerance and made sure nothing would stop their plans. “What a pity that a people capable of such incredible energy, should be guilty or rather be governed by those who are guilty of such unheard of crimes and cruelties” (Document 13). The French were absolutely ruthless by killing their own people but were unaware that the killings caused the significant decrease in population. The French believed that what they were doing well but did not realize they were slowly killing their own population. The French way of ruling was the greatest people have ever seen anyone rule, “But their efforts are merely the result of a system of restraint and oppression, the most terrible and gigantic, that has,

The Reign Of Terror Was Justified Dbq Analysis

Robespierre led the Reign of Terror, the new government of France executed individuals believed to be as enemies of the French Revolution (B.E.). The French government believed to reach a society that included, “Indivisibility of the Republic, Liberty, Equality, Unity, Fraternity or Death”; the government would need to eliminate the rebels of the new government (Overview). Another target was the Catholic Church, which it was considered as the old order (B.E.). During the Reign of Terror, foreign strain was building up into war against France (B.E.). There were violent battles inside and outside the country with the new government (B.E.). The Reign of Terror was justified because their goal of the government

Reign Of Terror Justified Dbq Essay

The reign of terror was the second phase of the French revolution that was responsible for approximately 40,000 deaths. It was a very controversial part of the French revolution; Many people had died even if some of them supported the revolution. Fear was a main factor in the formation of the revolution because people thought fear was the only way for France to change. The reign of terror was justified because it was necessary, group needs are more important than individual needs, and because it was successful.

The Revolution Of The Reign Of Terror

Revolutions are often started as a response to an unjust form of government, and the Reign of Terror’s new revolutionary government was no exception. Although the revolutionary government was meant to replace a tyrannical government, it quickly turned into the dictatorial government it tried to replace and in many cases stepped far outside of the bounds of lawful or just action. During late 18th century France in the time period between the execution of King Louis XVI and the execution of Maximilien de Robespierre, the Reign of Terror senselessly guillotined thousands of people. Conditions in France in 1793 and 1794 were not serious enough to justify the revolutionary government’s response due to the response to external threats, response to internal threats, and the extreme methods deployed.

The Reign Of Terror Is Justified Dbq Essay

Crowds surrounded the platform which held the guillotine which would soon kill the king of France, King Louis XVI. Blood covered the floor as the kings head slowly rolled off, followed by clapping and cheering. Little did the people know, once Louis XVI was executed, it led to the start of the 18-month period of the French Revolution which later earned the name “The Reign of Terror”. From 1793-1794 The Reign of Terror took place, certainly fulfilling the name given. Led by chief prosecutor named Maximilien Robespierre, this time in France’s history would be filled with blood and guts and a whole lot of inequality. For something to be considered justified, it must be done for, or marked by a good or legitimate reason. The Reign of Terror was

Robespierre And The American Revolution

Maximilien Robespierre was the father and the corrupter of our beloved revolution. Whether you admired him or despised him, he got executed exactly 2 years ago. Before the revolution, Robespierre was a strong voice against the death penalty. He followed the philosophy of John Locke. After the revolution set its course and beheaded the king, the Committee of Public Safety was founded by Robespierre. The committee started with the purpose of the protection of the citizens, but it had a discourse. Who can forget the slash of the guillotine over the innocent necks? A simple action of calling an individual “mademoiselle” could’ve gotten you killed. Robespierre used fear to have control over the people, but was there a good reason to fight fear with

Comparison Of Robespierre And The French Revolution

One of the most prominent details of the Terror is the fact that thousands of people were sent to the guillotine during this time period. Many of these unfortunate souls had done nothing wrong outside of voicing their opinions. However, if Robespierre and the French government got word of this person’s actions and deemed their thoughts even just a little too radical or counter-revolutionary, they were executed. One of the most critical tenets of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution was the freedom to voice one’s opinion and not be punished or silenced by authority. This idea is echoed in the tenth and eleventh articles of the Declaration of the Rights of Man, which state that freedom of speech, the press, religion, etc. and the freedom to express one’s opinions openly are among the most important natural rights of men, and that those using this right should not be silenced so long as their views aren’t disrupting the order of society.

Guillotine In A Tale Of Two Cities Essay

Oppression was a highly protruding fact in the 19th century. One could even consider it a calamity. It completely overwhelmed the way people in France lived. Various implements were executed in order to "control" the people during this time period. Within those implements was the disastrous mechanism known as the guillotine.

Related Topics

  • French Revolution
  • Louis XVI of France
  • Maximilien Robespierre
  • Reign of Terror

the reign of terror dbq essay

This Man Did Not Invent Bitcoin

For years, Craig Steven Wright, an Australian cryptocurrency enthusiast, claimed to be Satoshi Nakamoto, the mysterious creator of Bitcoin. Then the courts got involved.

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David Yaffe-Bellany

By David Yaffe-Bellany

Reporting from High Court in London

  • Published May 21, 2024 Updated May 28, 2024

For much of its existence, the cryptocurrency company nChain was governed by a golden rule of office politics: It was not a good idea to challenge Craig Steven Wright, the chief science officer.

Listen to this article with reporter commentary

At nChain’s London offices, Dr. Wright, an Australian computer scientist, was treated as a sort of philosopher king. He wore three-piece suits and drove a Lamborghini. A middle manager would tape Dr. Wright’s ramblings about obscure technical matters and then share the recordings with a staff of researchers, who were instructed to turn his musings into patents.

In 2017, Martin Sewell, an nChain employee, circulated a skeptical memo documenting technical errors in a series of papers that Dr. Wright had published about economics and computer science. A manager called Mr. Sewell into his office and told him that he had to stop.

The deference to Dr. Wright “was just this extraordinary arrangement,” Mr. Sewell recalled. “Like he was some sort of god of everything.”

Indeed, Dr. Wright’s authority rested on a claim to a kind of divine significance — that he was the mysterious creator of Bitcoin, the original cryptocurrency.

In 2008, a person using the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto published a white paper explaining the basics of Bitcoin, a clever idea that eventually became the foundation of a multitrillion-dollar industry. Then, as abruptly as he had emerged, he vanished. Satoshi, who’s known by his first name, controls an estimated 1.1 million Bitcoins , a $75 billion stash that has sat untouched for more than a decade.

The mystery of Satoshi’s identity has long obsessed crypto experts, who analyze every record of his communications with the reverence of Talmudic scholars. Various candidates have been proposed as possible Satoshis, only for them to deny any role in Bitcoin’s creation.

Craig Steven Wright wearing a gray striped suit and tie walking on a sidewalk with two people ahead of him.

Dr. Wright, by contrast, has gone to extraordinary lengths to prove that he is Satoshi. He has presented himself as Bitcoin’s inventor in interviews and social media posts, laying out evidence for virtually anyone who would listen. In lawsuits tried in three countries, he has testified that he wrote the original white paper. After a small-time crypto personality challenged his claims in 2019, Dr. Wright sued for defamation in England. He followed that up with an aggressive suit against software developers working to improve Bitcoin’s code, accusing them of violating his intellectual property rights.

“A few will be bankrupted, lose their families and collapse,” he declared.

Dr. Wright had a financial interest in squelching their work: He and a gambling tycoon had joined forces to promote an alternative digital currency, Bitcoin Satoshi Vision , that they claimed was a pure, uncorrupted version of Bitcoin, with better practical applications.

This year, Bitcoin’s price surged to an all-time high , renewing optimism that crypto is destined for widespread adoption. But the industry is still tarnished by a procession of recent financial scandals that cost investors billions in savings. The mystery of Satoshi is the last remnant of a more innocent time in its history, when crypto was a renegade, communal system that seemed to have materialized out of thin air.

Dr. Wright’s claim to Satoshi-dom wasn’t simply an antagonistic legal strategy: It was a threat to the purity of that founding myth. This year, several of crypto’s most powerful companies mobilized to stop Dr. Wright from bringing cases. An influential group led by Coinbase, the largest U.S. exchange, and Block, a company started by the Twitter founder Jack Dorsey, took him to trial in High Court in London.

They were seeking a judicial declaration: We may never know for sure who invented Bitcoin, but it wasn’t Craig Wright.

A Financial Lifeline

Among the mysteries about Satoshi Nakamoto that Dr. Wright has tried to explain is the mystery of Satoshi’s name.

Before Bitcoin was invented, Dr. Wright, 53, worked as an I.T. security consultant in Australia, but he claims that his interest in creating a new monetary system arose from extensive academic study. At one point, he testified in court, he was enrolled in 19 universities at once, pursuing five doctorates simultaneously. (“I actually wrote three papers last night,” he said at that trial in 2021.) The surname Nakamoto, he claimed, was an homage to a Japanese philosopher whose writing he admired.

Much of what is known about Satoshi Nakamoto comes from hundreds of messages he exchanged with early collaborators, including Gavin Andresen, an American software developer who helped promote Bitcoin in the media. In emails and forum posts, Satoshi wrote about his commitment to privacy and his frustrations with the financial establishment, while revealing little about his background. None of his correspondents ever met him in person.

Then in 2011, with no warning, Satoshi went silent , cutting off communication. “I wish you wouldn’t keep talking about me as a mysterious shadowy figure,” he told Mr. Andresen in their final email exchange .

Over the next few years, his identity became a tech-industry obsession. “You can’t help but be pulled into this black hole — the gravity of it is so enormous,” said Andy Greenberg, a longtime tech reporter who has written a book about cryptocurrencies . “Satoshi’s identity is one of the greatest mysteries in the history of technology.”

Hardly anyone had heard of Dr. Wright until 2015, when Mr. Greenberg co-wrote an article for Wired arguing that Dr. Wright was probably Satoshi. The article was based partly on private emails and transcripts supplied by an anonymous leaker: “I did my best to try and hide the fact that I’ve been running bitcoin since 2009,” Dr. Wright said in one transcript. “By the end of this I think half the world is going to bloody know.” (The article included a caveat: “Either Wright invented bitcoin, or he’s a brilliant hoaxer who very badly wants us to believe he did.”)

Wired did not reveal its source, and Dr. Wright has denied he was behind the leak. At the time, he was operating on the margins of the crypto industry. He had written some blog posts about Bitcoin, and made it onto a conference panel in Las Vegas.

He was also in serious financial trouble. By early 2015, months before Wired published its article, he was locked in disputes with the Australian tax office, which accused him of backdating documents and conducting “sham transactions,” court records show.

Dr. Wright needed a lifeline. A former colleague put him in touch with Calvin Ayre, a businessman who had made a fortune in the sports betting industry and wanted to invest in crypto. A Canadian, Mr. Ayre was worth at least $1 billion in the early aughts, according to Forbes . In 2012, the U.S. Justice Department charged him with operating an illegal online gambling business. He pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor and avoided prison time.

Before Wired’s article came out, Dr. Wright met with Mr. Ayre in Vancouver, British Columbia, where they discussed “all things Bitcoin,” according to an account that Mr. Ayre gave in 2022. He and a business partner made plans to offer financing to Dr. Wright and publicize his Satoshi claim. The eventual deal, outlined in court documents in London, included a loan of 2.5 million Australian dollars to resolve Dr. Wright’s tax problems. It also made Dr. Wright the chief scientist of a new company, which would have “exclusive rights to Craig’s life story.”

But when the Wired article appeared that December, it drew a skeptical reaction. Dr. Wright hadn’t given an interview, which meant some crucial questions remained unanswered. Forbes pointed out that Dr. Wright’s résumé appeared to exaggerate his credentials. And in any case, there was only one definitive way to prove that he had written the white paper: The genuine Satoshi would have access to cryptographic keys unlocking his Bitcoin stash.

Dr. Wright’s sponsors devised a plan to prove that the Satoshi claim was genuine. In 2016, they flew Mr. Andresen to London, hoping to secure the endorsement of Satoshi’s old collaborator, who was one of the most trusted figures in the Bitcoin world. In a hotel conference room, Dr. Wright gave a demonstration meant to show Mr. Andresen that he controlled Satoshi’s private keys.

Mr. Andresen, still groggy after his overnight flight from Boston, was impressed. In a blog post titled “Satoshi,” he gave his endorsement, saying Dr. Wright’s demonstration proved he had invented Bitcoin.

“I saw the brilliant, opinionated, focused, generous — and privacy-seeking — person that matches the Satoshi I worked with,” Mr. Andresen wrote .

Dr. Wright’s backers saw an opportunity to profit. He was “the goose that lays the golden egg,” one of them told the author Andrew O’Hagan . Soon, Dr. Wright was supposed to make the cryptographic proof public and end the Satoshi mystery forever. But when the day arrived for the big reveal, Dr. Wright didn’t offer any proof. Instead, he published a jargon-heavy blog post about the mechanics of “digital signatures.”

Crypto aficionados dismissed Dr. Wright as a charlatan. “I’m starting to doubt myself and imagining clever ways you could have tricked me,” Mr. Andresen wrote in an email to him.

Mr. Andresen did not respond to requests for an interview. But his correspondence with Dr. Wright left him even more confused, he testified at a deposition years later. “I don’t recall thinking anything other than maybe Craig Wright is crazy,” he said.

Why Claim to Be Satoshi?

Hardly anyone knows as much about Craig Wright as Arthur van Pelt. A prolific blogger , Mr. van Pelt is the dominant figure in a small but enthusiastic corner of the internet where obsessive historians of the Satoshi saga dissect Dr. Wright’s legal campaign.

Mr. van Pelt returns repeatedly to a key psychological question: What would motivate someone to insist that he invented Bitcoin if he hadn’t?

Over the years, Mr. van Pelt said in an interview, he has weighed various possible answers, from fame and money to family trauma. In one lawsuit, Dr. Wright ordered up a medical declaration from a psychologist who had diagnosed him with autism and who described his struggles with a “volatile” and “abusive” father.

“The feeling that Craig Wright has is that he has never been enough,” Mr. van Pelt said.

Even after Dr. Wright failed to produce the evidence, he retained a band of loyal online followers. He didn’t have access to Satoshi’s private keys, he claimed in court, because he had smashed a hard drive containing them; he described it as an impulsive decision, partly related to his autism.

Mr. Ayre stood by him, and in 2018, he and Dr. Wright launched Bitcoin Satoshi Vision, which trades at about $70 per coin, a tiny fraction of Bitcoin’s price. Dr. Wright oversaw its development from the offices of nChain, a company that Mr. Ayre funded as a vehicle for converting his partner’s ideas about crypto into a portfolio of patents.

At nChain, Dr. Wright was a difficult boss, prone to shouting, four people who worked with him said. He liked to flaunt his wealth, bragging that he had more money than the entire country of Rwanda. Employees at nChain attended extravagant parties in London: At one memorable event, arranged by Mr. Ayre, guests ate sushi off the bodies of naked women, while performers in samurai costumes hovered nearby, two of the people said.

Rejected by much of the crypto industry, Dr. Wright pressed his claim to Satoshi-dom in the courts, pursuing litigation that Mr. Ayre helped finance. By 2022, his defamation battle reached Norway, where Magnus Granath, the little-known Bitcoin enthusiast who had accused him of fraud on social media, won a judgment against him. That year, Dr. Wright also sued the Bitcoin coders, claiming copyright infringement.

“He seems to have enough money and backing from others that he can make good on his threats to ruin people financially by bringing expensive litigation,” Steve Lee, a manager at Block, a company that Mr. Dorsey co-founded after Twitter, said in a court filing last year.

Mr. Lee was part of a coalition of prominent crypto companies called the Crypto Open Patent Alliance, or COPA, which was founded to stop patent rules from preventing the development of crypto technology. In 2021, Dr. Wright’s lawyers asked COPA and its members to remove the Bitcoin white paper from their websites. COPA responded by suing Dr. Wright in High Court in London, seeking a ruling that he did not invent Bitcoin.

As the litigation intensified, Christen Ager-Hanssen , a venture investor, joined nChain and helped oversee Dr. Wright’s legal affairs. Mr. Ager-Hanssen has a flair for the dramatic: He has acknowledged secretly recording meetings, and likes to compare his work to John Grisham novels. Last fall, he switched sides, saying he didn’t believe Dr. Wright’s claims.

On social media, he posted an email that appeared to show that Dr. Wright’s relationship with his sponsor was starting to sour. “Every cent spent on your cases is me pissing away my kids inheritance,” Mr. Ayre wrote . (In a post on X that was cited in court, Mr. Ayre seemed to acknowledge that the email was authentic.)

In an interview, Mr. Ager-Hanssen said Dr. Wright struck him as clever but delusional, someone who clearly enjoyed the trappings of wealth and status. Still, he said, he found it hard to understand why Dr. Wright has spent so many years trying to prove that he invented Bitcoin.

“This is my biggest question,” Mr. Ager-Hanssen said. “I believe he thinks he deserves to be Satoshi.”

A Judge Decides

At first glance, the page of notes scrawled on a Quill pad looks like an artifact of potentially historic significance. Dated August 2007, the notes summarize a meeting that Dr. Wright held with a colleague in which he discussed a new form of digital money that passes directly from person to person, without an intermediary to oversee the transaction. A list of follow-up steps mentions a “paper,” set for publication in 2008.

The notes were part of a cache of more than 100 “reliance documents” that Dr. Wright filed in High Court as evidence that he invented Bitcoin — the “identity claim,” as the judge described it. Before the trial began in February, a forensic expert hired by COPA submitted to the court an analysis finding that the vast majority of the documents had been doctored.

The notebook entry was one of them. A sworn statement from Hamelin Brands, the parent company of Quill, revealed that the pad didn’t go into circulation until 2012, four years after Bitcoin was invented. Dr. Wright took the witness stand in the first week of the trial and insisted that the company was mistaken about the provenance of its own pad.

“Dr. Wright,” COPA’s lawyer responded, “you are making this up as you go along.”

As the trial reached its conclusion in March, a few of Dr. Wright’s supporters, mostly investors in Bitcoin Satoshi Vision, gathered in the courtroom to watch his final stand. Mr. Ayre was not among them. He had written some supportive messages for Dr. Wright on X, but he spent the morning of closing arguments in a pool, drinking beer and posting clips from “The Godfather” on social media.

As Dr. Wright’s legal team tried to address the forgery claims, Mr. Ayre began texting a New York Times reporter. “Drunk and happy,” he wrote in one of dozens of typo-riddled messages. (The texts came from a number that Mr. Ayre had used in the past; it was later disconnected.)

The trial was “old powers wanting to slow innovation,” Mr. Ayre wrote. He used a series of vulgar expressions to describe his business rivals and said only a “moron” would disbelieve Dr. Wright.

“Craig is Satoshi,” Mr. Ayre declared. “He is also 14 year old kid.”

A few minutes later, the judge overseeing the proceedings, James Mellor, issued a ruling from the bench. “Dr. Wright is not the person who adopted or operated under the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto,” he said.

Crypto fans celebrated online, proclaiming the end of a “reign of terror.” Mr. Dorsey, the Twitter founder, posted the full text of Justice Mellor’s ruling. In a closing submission, COPA’s lawyers called for the court papers to be forwarded to British prosecutors, who could investigate whether Dr. Wright had committed perjury.

Once the most talkative man in the industry, Dr. Wright went silent. He did not answer calls or texts requesting an interview, and his name no longer appears on nChain’s website. (The company did not respond to messages seeking comment.)

The week after the ruling, corporate filings in England showed that Dr. Wright was transferring assets worth as much as 20 million pounds to an offshore entity. COPA argued that he might be shielding them from seizure by the court, and Justice Mellor ordered his assets frozen. COPA has “a very powerful claim to be awarded a very substantial sum,” the judge said.

This week, Justice Mellor elaborated on his conclusions in a 231-page ruling, finding that Dr. Wright had forged numerous documents. “He is not nearly as clever as he thinks he is,” Justice Mellor wrote. Dr. Wright has already dropped his defamation claim, as well as one suit he filed against Bitcoin developers. But a message posted to his X account on Monday said he planned to appeal the COPA ruling.

The mystery of Bitcoin’s creation seems likely to endure. One morning, in the final stretch of COPA v. Wright, a blond man in a baseball cap shuffled into the gallery, taking a seat among a group of reporters before striking up conversation. At first, he revealed little about himself, other than his devotion to personal security. A back brace he had started wearing after a motorcycle accident served as a convenient “stab vest,” he explained — no knife could penetrate it. For supplemental protection, he had reinforced the lining of his hat with plastic, which he planned to upgrade to Kevlar.

But why had he shown up to Dr. Wright’s trial? He leaned in to whisper a secret: He was the real Satoshi Nakamoto.

Read by David Yaffe-Bellany

Audio produced by Sarah Diamond .

David Yaffe-Bellany writes about the crypto industry from San Francisco. He can be reached at [email protected]. More about David Yaffe-Bellany

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