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Problem Statement

Business Description

Mission Statement

Business Model

Products and Services

Additional Features

Revenue Model

Market Analysis

Target Market

Market Size and Segments

Unique Value Proposition

Risks and Mitigations

Identified Risks

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Financial Overview

Income Statement

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

• Initiate with Your Business Concept: Lay the Groundwork: Start by introducing your business idea into Plannit AI's Business Plan Generator. This first step is crucial, as it sets the tone for a tailored, insightful business plan that truly resonates with your vision. Capture the Essence: Our platform is designed to grasp the nuances of your concept, ensuring that the generated plan accurately reflects the core and potential of your business.
• Navigate Through the AI-Guided Questionnaire: Tailored Interactive Experience: Plannit AI’s AI-guided questionnaire is your interactive guide through the planning process. It meticulously gathers information about your business's objectives, strategies, and market positioning, ensuring a comprehensive and reflective plan. Intelligent Feedback and Suggestions: As you progress through the questionnaire, benefit from smart prompts and suggestions, ensuring that your plan is not just detailed but also strategically sound and aligned with industry standards.
• Generate Your Plan with Advanced AI: Intuitive Plan Creation: With the questionnaire complete, Plannit AI's advanced algorithms intelligently analyze your responses. They then craft a detailed, customizable, and strategically aligned business plan, providing you with a structured, coherent, and actionable format. Benefit from AI-Powered Insights: Plannit AI offers AI-driven insights and suggestions, ensuring your plan is not just a document but a strategic tool equipped with tailored AI prompts and an in-app plan editor. Get inspired by browsing through our sample business plans, a collection of successful strategies across various industries.
• Finalize Your Plan with Confidence: Dynamic Adaptation and Refinement: Plannit AI recognizes that a business plan is a living document. Our platform allows for continuous adaptation and refinement, ensuring your strategy remains agile, relevant, and aligned with your evolving business goals. Professional Presentation and Sharing: Once your plan meets your standards, utilize Plannit AI's export features to present your plan professionally. Choose between various formats for exporting your business plan, ready to impress stakeholders, attract investors, or guide your team. Review and Adapt: Ensure your business plan is a living document, ready to evolve with your growing business. Plannit AI's dynamic platform allows you to adapt your strategy as new opportunities or challenges arise.
• Roadmap for Success: At its core, a business plan acts as a strategic guide, providing detailed steps on how your business will achieve its objectives. It helps you navigate the startup phase, manage growth effectively, and tackle unforeseen challenges with a well-thought-out strategy.
• Securing Funding: For startups and businesses looking to expand, a business plan is crucial for securing loans or attracting investors. It demonstrates to potential financial backers that your business has a clear vision, a solid strategy for profitability, and a plan for delivering returns on their investment.
• Informed Decision-Making: A well-prepared business plan offers valuable insights into your market, competition, and potential challenges. This information is vital for making informed decisions, from day-to-day operations to long-term strategic shifts.
• Market Analysis and Strategy: It allows you to conduct an in-depth analysis of your target market, understand customer needs, and position your product or service effectively. The marketing strategy outlined in your business plan helps in identifying the best channels and tactics to reach your audience and achieve market penetration.
• Financial Planning: One of the most critical components of a business plan is the financial forecast. It outlines your funding requirements, expected revenue, profit margins, and cash flow projections. This section is essential for budgeting, financial management, and ensuring the financial viability of your business.
• Goal Setting and Performance Measurement: A business plan sets clear, measurable goals and objectives. It provides a framework for monitoring performance, measuring success, and making necessary adjustments to stay on track.
• Aspiring Entrepreneurs: If you're at the idea stage, looking to transform your vision into a viable business, Plannit AI offers the tools and guidance to bring your concept to life. Our platform helps you articulate your business idea, define your target market, and develop a solid plan to turn your dream into reality.
• Students and Educators: For students delving into the intricacies of business planning and educators teaching the fundamentals of entrepreneurship, Plannit AI serves as an invaluable resource. It provides a practical, hands-on tool for learning and teaching how to create detailed business plans, analyze markets, and understand financials in a real-world context.
• Startup Founders: In the dynamic startup environment, Plannit AI is the ideal partner for founders looking to pivot quickly, secure funding, or understand their competitive landscape. With our AI-driven insights and market analysis tools, startups can make informed decisions and adapt their strategies to thrive in competitive markets.
• Small Business Owners: For small business owners seeking to optimize their operations, expand their customer base, or explore new markets, Plannit AI offers targeted solutions. Our platform simplifies the planning process, enabling owners to focus on growth while managing the day-to-day challenges of running their business.
• Consultants and Freelancers: Consultants and freelancers specializing in business development, strategic planning, or financial advising will find Plannit AI a powerful addition to their toolkit. It allows them to provide clients with comprehensive, data-driven business plans and strategies, enhancing the value of their services.
• Non-Profit Organizations: Leaders of non-profit organizations can leverage Plannit AI to plan initiatives, secure funding, and manage resources more efficiently. Our platform helps non-profits articulate their mission, set achievable goals, and measure their impact, ensuring they can make a difference in their communities.
• Innovators and Inventors: Individuals looking to commercialize innovative products or technologies can use Plannit AI to navigate the complexities of bringing new ideas to market. From patent strategies to go-to-market plans, our platform covers all bases, ensuring innovators can focus on what they do best.
• Small Business Development Centers (SBDCs) and Government Agencies: Government and SBA backed entities can greatly benefit from integrating Plannit AI into their services, enhancing their ability to support a larger number of clients more efficiently. By facilitating quicker, more in-depth business plan development, these organizations can spend more time assisting with plan execution and less time on creation, ultimately serving their communities more effectively.
• Anyone with a Business Idea: Ultimately, Plannit AI is for anyone with a business idea, regardless of industry, experience, or stage of business development. Our mission is to democratize business planning, making it accessible, understandable, and actionable for everyone.
• Interactive Questionnaire and ChatGPT Integration: Plannit AI transforms the business planning process into an engaging conversation. Through our advanced ChatGPT integration, we offer a questionnaire that dynamically adapts to your responses, ensuring your plan is personalized, comprehensive, and aligned with your business goals.
• Dynamic Planning Environment: Unlike static templates provided by many, Plannit AI introduces a living platform that grows with your business. It features real-time updates, strategic insights, and a feedback mechanism that keeps your business plan current and actionable.
• Extensive Educational Resources: Our Education Center is packed with articles, guides, and sample plans to bolster your planning process. It's designed to arm you with the knowledge to navigate the complexities of your industry confidently.
• Enhanced Collaboration and Customization: Recognizing the collaborative essence of business planning, Plannit AI supports team efforts with multi-user editing, annotations, and feedback features, ensuring a comprehensive approach to your strategy.
• Customer Success Stories: Our users' achievements are a testament to Plannit AI's effectiveness. These success stories illustrate how diverse businesses have utilized our platform for strategic planning and growth.
• Tailored Business Plan Creation: Our platform stands out with its tailored approach, featuring customizable templates that directly cater to your business type and industry, making plan creation straightforward and relevant.
• Content Generation:: ChatGPT helps draft various sections of a business plan, from executive summaries to marketing strategies, by providing structured and coherent text based on the prompts given.
• Strategic Insights: It can offer suggestions on business strategies by analyzing trends and providing examples from a wide range of industries.
• Financial Planning: While it can't replace professional financial advice, ChatGPT can guide the structure of financial projections and statements, helping you consider important financial aspects of your plan.

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How to Write a Business Plan in 9 Steps (+ Template and Examples)

Every successful business has one thing in common, a good and well-executed business plan. A business plan is more than a document, it is a complete guide that outlines the goals your business wants to achieve, including its financial goals . It helps you analyze results, make strategic decisions, show your business operations and growth.

If you want to start a business or already have one and need to pitch it to investors for funding, writing a good business plan improves your chances of attracting financiers. As a startup, if you want to secure loans from financial institutions, part of the requirements involve submitting your business plan.

Writing a business plan does not have to be a complicated or time-consuming process. In this article, you will learn the step-by-step process for writing a successful business plan.

You will also learn what you need a business plan for, tips and strategies for writing a convincing business plan, business plan examples and templates that will save you tons of time, and the alternatives to the traditional business plan.

Let’s get started.

What Do You Need A Business Plan For?

Businesses create business plans for different purposes such as to secure funds, monitor business growth, measure your marketing strategies, and measure your business success.

1. Secure Funds

One of the primary reasons for writing a business plan is to secure funds, either from financial institutions/agencies or investors.

For you to effectively acquire funds, your business plan must contain the key elements of your business plan . For example, your business plan should include your growth plans, goals you want to achieve, and milestones you have recorded.

A business plan can also attract new business partners that are willing to contribute financially and intellectually. If you are writing a business plan to a bank, your project must show your traction , that is, the proof that you can pay back any loan borrowed.

Also, if you are writing to an investor, your plan must contain evidence that you can effectively utilize the funds you want them to invest in your business. Here, you are using your business plan to persuade a group or an individual that your business is a source of a good investment.

2. Monitor Business Growth

A business plan can help you track cash flows in your business. It steers your business to greater heights. A business plan capable of tracking business growth should contain:

• The business goals
• Methods to achieve the goals
• Time-frame for attaining those goals

A good business plan should guide you through every step in achieving your goals. It can also track the allocation of assets to every aspect of the business. You can tell when you are spending more than you should on a project.

You can compare a business plan to a written GPS. It helps you manage your business and hints at the right time to expand your business.

3. Measure Business Success

A business plan can help you measure your business success rate. Some small-scale businesses are thriving better than more prominent companies because of their track record of success.

Right from the onset of your business operation, set goals and work towards them. Write a plan to guide you through your procedures. Use your plan to measure how much you have achieved and how much is left to attain.

You can also weigh your success by monitoring the position of your brand relative to competitors. On the other hand, a business plan can also show you why you have not achieved a goal. It can tell if you have elapsed the time frame you set to attain a goal.

4. Document Your Marketing Strategies

You can use a business plan to document your marketing plans. Every business should have an effective marketing plan.

Competition mandates every business owner to go the extraordinary mile to remain relevant in the market. Your business plan should contain your marketing strategies that work. You can measure the success rate of your marketing plans.

In your business plan, your marketing strategy must answer the questions:

• How do you want to reach your target audience?
• How do you plan to retain your customers?
• What is/are your pricing plans?
• What is your budget for marketing?

How to Write a Business Plan Step-by-Step

1. create your executive summary.

The executive summary is a snapshot of your business or a high-level overview of your business purposes and plans . Although the executive summary is the first section in your business plan, most people write it last. The length of the executive summary is not more than two pages.

Generally, there are nine sections in a business plan, the executive summary should condense essential ideas from the other eight sections.

A good executive summary should do the following:

• A Snapshot of Growth Potential. Briefly inform the reader about your company and why it will be successful)
• Contain your Mission Statement which explains what the main objective or focus of your business is.
• Product Description and Differentiation. Brief description of your products or services and why it is different from other solutions in the market.
• The Team. Basic information about your company’s leadership team and employees
• Business Concept. A solid description of what your business does.
• Target Market. The customers you plan to sell to.
• Marketing Strategy. Your plans on reaching and selling to your customers
• Current Financial State. Brief information about what revenue your business currently generates.
• Projected Financial State. Brief information about what you foresee your business revenue to be in the future.

The executive summary is the make-or-break section of your business plan. If your summary cannot in less than two pages cannot clearly describe how your business will solve a particular problem of your target audience and make a profit, your business plan is set on a faulty foundation.

Avoid using the executive summary to hype your business, instead, focus on helping the reader understand the what and how of your plan.

View the executive summary as an opportunity to introduce your vision for your company. You know your executive summary is powerful when it can answer these key questions:

• Who is your target audience?
• What sector or industry are you in?
• What are your products and services?
• What is the future of your industry?
• Is your company scaleable?
• Who are the owners and leaders of your company? What are their backgrounds and experience levels?
• What is the motivation for starting your company?
• What are the next steps?

Writing the executive summary last although it is the most important section of your business plan is an excellent idea. The reason why is because it is a high-level overview of your business plan. It is the section that determines whether potential investors and lenders will read further or not.

The executive summary can be a stand-alone document that covers everything in your business plan. It is not uncommon for investors to request only the executive summary when evaluating your business. If the information in the executive summary impresses them, they will ask for the complete business plan.

If you are writing your business plan for your planning purposes, you do not need to write the executive summary.

2. Add Your Company Overview

The company overview or description is the next section in your business plan after the executive summary. It describes what your business does.

Adding your company overview can be tricky especially when your business is still in the planning stages. Existing businesses can easily summarize their current operations but may encounter difficulties trying to explain what they plan to become.

Your company overview should contain the following:

• What products and services you will provide
• Geographical markets and locations your company have a presence
• What you need to run your business
• Who your target audience or customers are
• Who will service your customers
• Your company’s purpose, mission, and vision
• Information about your company’s founders
• Who the founders are
• Notable achievements of your company so far

When creating a company overview, you have to focus on three basics: identifying your industry, identifying your customer, and explaining the problem you solve.

If you are stuck when creating your company overview, try to answer some of these questions that pertain to you.

• Who are you targeting? (The answer is not everyone)
• What pain point does your product or service solve for your customers that they will be willing to spend money on resolving?
• How does your product or service overcome that pain point?
• Where is the location of your business?
• What products, equipment, and services do you need to run your business?
• How is your company’s product or service different from your competition in the eyes of your customers?
• How many employees do you need and what skills do you require them to have?

After answering some or all of these questions, you will get more than enough information you need to write your company overview or description section. When writing this section, describe what your company does for your customers.

The company description or overview section contains three elements: mission statement, history, and objectives.

• Mission Statement

The mission statement refers to the reason why your business or company is existing. It goes beyond what you do or sell, it is about the ‘why’. A good mission statement should be emotional and inspirational.

Your mission statement should follow the KISS rule (Keep It Simple, Stupid). For example, Shopify’s mission statement is “Make commerce better for everyone.”

When describing your company’s history, make it simple and avoid the temptation of tying it to a defensive narrative. Write it in the manner you would a profile. Your company’s history should include the following information:

• Founding Date
• Major Milestones
• Location(s)
• Flagship Products or Services
• Number of Employees
• Executive Leadership Roles

When you fill in this information, you use it to write one or two paragraphs about your company’s history.

Business Objectives

Your business objective must be SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time-bound.) Failure to clearly identify your business objectives does not inspire confidence and makes it hard for your team members to work towards a common purpose.

3. Perform Market and Competitive Analyses to Proof a Big Enough Business Opportunity

The third step in writing a business plan is the market and competitive analysis section. Every business, no matter the size, needs to perform comprehensive market and competitive analyses before it enters into a market.

Performing market and competitive analyses are critical for the success of your business. It helps you avoid entering the right market with the wrong product, or vice versa. Anyone reading your business plans, especially financiers and financial institutions will want to see proof that there is a big enough business opportunity you are targeting.

This section is where you describe the market and industry you want to operate in and show the big opportunities in the market that your business can leverage to make a profit. If you noticed any unique trends when doing your research, show them in this section.

Market analysis alone is not enough, you have to add competitive analysis to strengthen this section. There are already businesses in the industry or market, how do you plan to take a share of the market from them?

You have to clearly illustrate the competitive landscape in your business plan. Are there areas your competitors are doing well? Are there areas where they are not doing so well? Show it.

Make it clear in this section why you are moving into the industry and what weaknesses are present there that you plan to explain. How are your competitors going to react to your market entry? How do you plan to get customers? Do you plan on taking your competitors' competitors, tap into other sources for customers, or both?

Illustrate the competitive landscape as well. What are your competitors doing well and not so well?

Answering these questions and thoughts will aid your market and competitive analysis of the opportunities in your space. Depending on how sophisticated your industry is, or the expectations of your financiers, you may need to carry out a more comprehensive market and competitive analysis to prove that big business opportunity.

Instead of looking at the market and competitive analyses as one entity, separating them will make the research even more comprehensive.

Market Analysis

Market analysis, boarding speaking, refers to research a business carried out on its industry, market, and competitors. It helps businesses gain a good understanding of their target market and the outlook of their industry. Before starting a company, it is vital to carry out market research to find out if the market is viable.

The market analysis section is a key part of the business plan. It is the section where you identify who your best clients or customers are. You cannot omit this section, without it your business plan is incomplete.

A good market analysis will tell your readers how you fit into the existing market and what makes you stand out. This section requires in-depth research, it will probably be the most time-consuming part of the business plan to write.

• Market Research

To create a compelling market analysis that will win over investors and financial institutions, you have to carry out thorough market research . Your market research should be targeted at your primary target market for your products or services. Here is what you want to find out about your target market.

• Your target market’s needs or pain points
• The existing solutions for their pain points
• Geographic Location
• Demographics

The purpose of carrying out a marketing analysis is to get all the information you need to show that you have a solid and thorough understanding of your target audience.

Only after you have fully understood the people you plan to sell your products or services to, can you evaluate correctly if your target market will be interested in your products or services.

You can easily convince interested parties to invest in your business if you can show them you thoroughly understand the market and show them that there is a market for your products or services.

How to Quantify Your Target Market

One of the goals of your marketing research is to understand who your ideal customers are and their purchasing power. To quantify your target market, you have to determine the following:

• Your Potential Customers: They are the people you plan to target. For example, if you sell accounting software for small businesses , then anyone who runs an enterprise or large business is unlikely to be your customers. Also, individuals who do not have a business will most likely not be interested in your product.
• Total Households: If you are selling household products such as heating and air conditioning systems, determining the number of total households is more important than finding out the total population in the area you want to sell to. The logic is simple, people buy the product but it is the household that uses it.
• Median Income: You need to know the median income of your target market. If you target a market that cannot afford to buy your products and services, your business will not last long.
• Income by Demographics: If your potential customers belong to a certain age group or gender, determining income levels by demographics is necessary. For example, if you sell men's clothes, your target audience is men.

What Does a Good Market Analysis Entail?

Your business does not exist on its own, it can only flourish within an industry and alongside competitors. Market analysis takes into consideration your industry, target market, and competitors. Understanding these three entities will drastically improve your company’s chances of success.

You can view your market analysis as an examination of the market you want to break into and an education on the emerging trends and themes in that market. Good market analyses include the following:

• Industry Description. You find out about the history of your industry, the current and future market size, and who the largest players/companies are in your industry.
• Overview of Target Market. You research your target market and its characteristics. Who are you targeting? Note, it cannot be everyone, it has to be a specific group. You also have to find out all information possible about your customers that can help you understand how and why they make buying decisions.
• Size of Target Market: You need to know the size of your target market, how frequently they buy, and the expected quantity they buy so you do not risk overproducing and having lots of bad inventory. Researching the size of your target market will help you determine if it is big enough for sustained business or not.
• Growth Potential: Before picking a target market, you want to be sure there are lots of potential for future growth. You want to avoid going for an industry that is declining slowly or rapidly with almost zero growth potential.
• Market Share Potential: Does your business stand a good chance of taking a good share of the market?
• Market Pricing and Promotional Strategies: Your market analysis should give you an idea of the price point you can expect to charge for your products and services. Researching your target market will also give you ideas of pricing strategies you can implement to break into the market or to enjoy maximum profits.
• Potential Barriers to Entry: One of the biggest benefits of conducting market analysis is that it shows you every potential barrier to entry your business will likely encounter. It is a good idea to discuss potential barriers to entry such as changing technology. It informs readers of your business plan that you understand the market.
• Research on Competitors: You need to know the strengths and weaknesses of your competitors and how you can exploit them for the benefit of your business. Find patterns and trends among your competitors that make them successful, discover what works and what doesn’t, and see what you can do better.

The market analysis section is not just for talking about your target market, industry, and competitors. You also have to explain how your company can fill the hole you have identified in the market.

Here are some questions you can answer that can help you position your product or service in a positive light to your readers.

• Is your product or service of superior quality?
• What additional features do you offer that your competitors do not offer?
• Are you targeting a ‘new’ market?

Basically, your market analysis should include an analysis of what already exists in the market and an explanation of how your company fits into the market.

Competitive Analysis

In the competitive analysis section, y ou have to understand who your direct and indirect competitions are, and how successful they are in the marketplace. It is the section where you assess the strengths and weaknesses of your competitors, the advantage(s) they possess in the market and show the unique features or qualities that make you different from your competitors.

Many businesses do market analysis and competitive analysis together. However, to fully understand what the competitive analysis entails, it is essential to separate it from the market analysis.

Competitive analysis for your business can also include analysis on how to overcome barriers to entry in your target market.

The primary goal of conducting a competitive analysis is to distinguish your business from your competitors. A strong competitive analysis is essential if you want to convince potential funding sources to invest in your business. You have to show potential investors and lenders that your business has what it takes to compete in the marketplace successfully.

Competitive analysis will s how you what the strengths of your competition are and what they are doing to maintain that advantage.

When doing your competitive research, you first have to identify your competitor and then get all the information you can about them. The idea of spending time to identify your competitor and learn everything about them may seem daunting but it is well worth it.

Find answers to the following questions after you have identified who your competitors are.

• What are your successful competitors doing?
• Why is what they are doing working?
• Can your business do it better?
• What are the weaknesses of your successful competitors?
• What are they not doing well?
• Can your business turn its weaknesses into strengths?
• How good is your competitors’ customer service?
• Where do your competitors invest in advertising?
• What sales and pricing strategies are they using?
• What marketing strategies are they using?
• What kind of press coverage do they get?
• What are their customers saying about your competitors (both the positive and negative)?

If your competitors have a website, it is a good idea to visit their websites for more competitors’ research. Check their “About Us” page for more information.

If you are presenting your business plan to investors, you need to clearly distinguish yourself from your competitors. Investors can easily tell when you have not properly researched your competitors.

Take time to think about what unique qualities or features set you apart from your competitors. If you do not have any direct competition offering your product to the market, it does not mean you leave out the competitor analysis section blank. Instead research on other companies that are providing a similar product, or whose product is solving the problem your product solves.

The next step is to create a table listing the top competitors you want to include in your business plan. Ensure you list your business as the last and on the right. What you just created is known as the competitor analysis table.

Direct vs Indirect Competition

You cannot know if your product or service will be a fit for your target market if you have not understood your business and the competitive landscape.

There is no market you want to target where you will not encounter competition, even if your product is innovative. Including competitive analysis in your business plan is essential.

If you are entering an established market, you need to explain how you plan to differentiate your products from the available options in the market. Also, include a list of few companies that you view as your direct competitors The competition you face in an established market is your direct competition.

In situations where you are entering a market with no direct competition, it does not mean there is no competition there. Consider your indirect competition that offers substitutes for the products or services you offer.

For example, if you sell an innovative SaaS product, let us say a project management software , a company offering time management software is your indirect competition.

There is an easy way to find out who your indirect competitors are in the absence of no direct competitors. You simply have to research how your potential customers are solving the problems that your product or service seeks to solve. That is your direct competition.

Factors that Differentiate Your Business from the Competition

There are three main factors that any business can use to differentiate itself from its competition. They are cost leadership, product differentiation, and market segmentation.

1. Cost Leadership

A strategy you can impose to maximize your profits and gain an edge over your competitors. It involves offering lower prices than what the majority of your competitors are offering.

A common practice among businesses looking to enter into a market where there are dominant players is to use free trials or pricing to attract as many customers as possible to their offer.

2. Product Differentiation

Your product or service should have a unique selling proposition (USP) that your competitors do not have or do not stress in their marketing.

Part of the marketing strategy should involve making your products unique and different from your competitors. It does not have to be different from your competitors, it can be the addition to a feature or benefit that your competitors do not currently have.

3. Market Segmentation

As a new business seeking to break into an industry, you will gain more success from focusing on a specific niche or target market, and not the whole industry.

If your competitors are focused on a general need or target market, you can differentiate yourself from them by having a small and hyper-targeted audience. For example, if your competitors are selling men’s clothes in their online stores , you can sell hoodies for men.

4. Define Your Business and Management Structure

The next step in your business plan is your business and management structure. It is the section where you describe the legal structure of your business and the team running it.

Your business is only as good as the management team that runs it, while the management team can only strive when there is a proper business and management structure in place.

If your company is a sole proprietor or a limited liability company (LLC), a general or limited partnership, or a C or an S corporation, state it clearly in this section.

Use an organizational chart to show the management structure in your business. Clearly show who is in charge of what area in your company. It is where you show how each key manager or team leader’s unique experience can contribute immensely to the success of your company. You can also opt to add the resumes and CVs of the key players in your company.

The business and management structure section should show who the owner is, and other owners of the businesses (if the business has other owners). For businesses or companies with multiple owners, include the percent ownership of the various owners and clearly show the extent of each others’ involvement in the company.

Investors want to know who is behind the company and the team running it to determine if it has the right management to achieve its set goals.

Management Team

The management team section is where you show that you have the right team in place to successfully execute the business operations and ideas. Take time to create the management structure for your business. Think about all the important roles and responsibilities that you need managers for to grow your business.

Include brief bios of each key team member and ensure you highlight only the relevant information that is needed. If your team members have background industry experience or have held top positions for other companies and achieved success while filling that role, highlight it in this section.

A common mistake that many startups make is assigning C-level titles such as (CMO and CEO) to everyone on their team. It is unrealistic for a small business to have those titles. While it may look good on paper for the ego of your team members, it can prevent investors from investing in your business.

Instead of building an unrealistic management structure that does not fit your business reality, it is best to allow business titles to grow as the business grows. Starting everyone at the top leaves no room for future change or growth, which is bad for productivity.

Your management team does not have to be complete before you start writing your business plan. You can have a complete business plan even when there are managerial positions that are empty and need filling.

If you have management gaps in your team, simply show the gaps and indicate you are searching for the right candidates for the role(s). Investors do not expect you to have a full management team when you are just starting your business.

Key Questions to Answer When Structuring Your Management Team

• Who are the key leaders?
• What experiences, skills, and educational backgrounds do you expect your key leaders to have?
• Do your key leaders have industry experience?
• What positions will they fill and what duties will they perform in those positions?
• What level of authority do the key leaders have and what are their responsibilities?
• What is the salary for the various management positions that will attract the ideal candidates?

Additional Tips for Writing the Management Structure Section

1. Avoid Adding ‘Ghost’ Names to Your Management Team

There is always that temptation to include a ‘ghost’ name to your management team to attract and influence investors to invest in your business. Although the presence of these celebrity management team members may attract the attention of investors, it can cause your business to lose any credibility if you get found out.

Seasoned investors will investigate further the members of your management team before committing fully to your business If they find out that the celebrity name used does not play any actual role in your business, they will not invest and may write you off as dishonest.

2. Focus on Credentials But Pay Extra Attention to the Roles

Investors want to know the experience that your key team members have to determine if they can successfully reach the company’s growth and financial goals.

While it is an excellent boost for your key management team to have the right credentials, you also want to pay extra attention to the roles they will play in your company.

Organizational Chart

Adding an organizational chart in this section of your business plan is not necessary, you can do it in your business plan’s appendix.

If you are exploring funding options, it is not uncommon to get asked for your organizational chart. The function of an organizational chart goes beyond raising money, you can also use it as a useful planning tool for your business.

An organizational chart can help you identify how best to structure your management team for maximum productivity and point you towards key roles you need to fill in the future.

You can use the organizational chart to show your company’s internal management structure such as the roles and responsibilities of your management team, and relationships that exist between them.

5. Describe Your Product and Service Offering

In your business plan, you have to describe what you sell or the service you plan to offer. It is the next step after defining your business and management structure. The products and services section is where you sell the benefits of your business.

Here you have to explain how your product or service will benefit your customers and describe your product lifecycle. It is also the section where you write down your plans for intellectual property like patent filings and copyrighting.

The research and development that you are undertaking for your product or service need to be explained in detail in this section. However, do not get too technical, sell the general idea and its benefits.

If you have any diagrams or intricate designs of your product or service, do not include them in the products and services section. Instead, leave them for the addendum page. Also, if you are leaving out diagrams or designs for the addendum, ensure you add this phrase “For more detail, visit the addendum Page #.”

Your product and service section in your business plan should include the following:

• A detailed explanation that clearly shows how your product or service works.
• The pricing model for your product or service.
• Your business’ sales and distribution strategy.
• The ideal customers that want your product or service.
• The benefits of your products and services.
• Reason(s) why your product or service is a better alternative to what your competitors are currently offering in the market.
• Plans for filling the orders you receive
• If you have current or pending patents, copyrights, and trademarks for your product or service, you can also discuss them in this section.

What to Focus On When Describing the Benefits, Lifecycle, and Production Process of Your Products or Services

In the products and services section, you have to distill the benefits, lifecycle, and production process of your products and services.

When describing the benefits of your products or services, here are some key factors to focus on.

• Unique features
• Translating the unique features into benefits
• The emotional, psychological, and practical payoffs to attract customers
• Intellectual property rights or any patents

When describing the product life cycle of your products or services, here are some key factors to focus on.

• Upsells, cross-sells, and down-sells
• Time between purchases
• Plans for research and development.

When describing the production process for your products or services, you need to think about the following:

• The creation of new or existing products and services.
• The sources for the raw materials or components you need for production.
• Assembling the products
• Maintaining quality control
• Supply-chain logistics (receiving the raw materials and delivering the finished products)
• The day-to-day management of the production processes, bookkeeping, and inventory.

Tips for Writing the Products or Services Section of Your Business Plan

1. Avoid Technical Descriptions and Industry Buzzwords

The products and services section of your business plan should clearly describe the products and services that your company provides. However, it is not a section to include technical jargons that anyone outside your industry will not understand.

A good practice is to remove highly detailed or technical descriptions in favor of simple terms. Industry buzzwords are not necessary, if there are simpler terms you can use, then use them. If you plan to use your business plan to source funds, making the product or service section so technical will do you no favors.

2. Describe How Your Products or Services Differ from Your Competitors

When potential investors look at your business plan, they want to know how the products and services you are offering differ from that of your competition. Differentiating your products or services from your competition in a way that makes your solution more attractive is critical.

If you are going the innovative path and there is no market currently for your product or service, you need to describe in this section why the market needs your product or service.

For example, overnight delivery was a niche business that only a few companies were participating in. Federal Express (FedEx) had to show in its business plan that there was a large opportunity for that service and they justified why the market needed that service.

3. Long or Short Products or Services Section

Should your products or services section be short? Does the long products or services section attract more investors?

There are no straightforward answers to these questions. Whether your products or services section should be long or relatively short depends on the nature of your business.

If your business is product-focused, then automatically you need to use more space to describe the details of your products. However, if the product your business sells is a commodity item that relies on competitive pricing or other pricing strategies, you do not have to use up so much space to provide significant details about the product.

Likewise, if you are selling a commodity that is available in numerous outlets, then you do not have to spend time on writing a long products or services section.

The key to the success of your business is most likely the effectiveness of your marketing strategies compared to your competitors. Use more space to address that section.

If you are creating a new product or service that the market does not know about, your products or services section can be lengthy. The reason why is because you need to explain everything about the product or service such as the nature of the product, its use case, and values.

A short products or services section for an innovative product or service will not give the readers enough information to properly evaluate your business.

4. Describe Your Relationships with Vendors or Suppliers

Your business will rely on vendors or suppliers to supply raw materials or the components needed to make your products. In your products and services section, describe your relationships with your vendors and suppliers fully.

Avoid the mistake of relying on only one supplier or vendor. If that supplier or vendor fails to supply or goes out of business, you can easily face supply problems and struggle to meet your demands. Plan to set up multiple vendor or supplier relationships for better business stability.

5. Your Primary Goal Is to Convince Your Readers

The primary goal of your business plan is to convince your readers that your business is viable and to create a guide for your business to follow. It applies to the products and services section.

When drafting this section, think like the reader. See your reader as someone who has no idea about your products and services. You are using the products and services section to provide the needed information to help your reader understand your products and services. As a result, you have to be clear and to the point.

While you want to educate your readers about your products or services, you also do not want to bore them with lots of technical details. Show your products and services and not your fancy choice of words.

Your products and services section should provide the answer to the “what” question for your business. You and your management team may run the business, but it is your products and services that are the lifeblood of the business.

Key Questions to Answer When Writing your Products and Services Section

Answering these questions can help you write your products and services section quickly and in a way that will appeal to your readers.

• Are your products existing on the market or are they still in the development stage?
• What is your timeline for adding new products and services to the market?
• What are the positives that make your products and services different from your competitors?
• Do your products and services have any competitive advantage that your competitors’ products and services do not currently have?
• Do your products or services have any competitive disadvantages that you need to overcome to compete with your competitors? If your answer is yes, state how you plan to overcome them,
• How much does it cost to produce your products or services? How much do you plan to sell it for?
• What is the price for your products and services compared to your competitors? Is pricing an issue?
• What are your operating costs and will it be low enough for you to compete with your competitors and still take home a reasonable profit margin?
• What is your plan for acquiring your products? Are you involved in the production of your products or services?
• Are you the manufacturer and produce all the components you need to create your products? Do you assemble your products by using components supplied by other manufacturers? Do you purchase your products directly from suppliers or wholesalers?
• Do you have a steady supply of products that you need to start your business? (If your business is yet to kick-off)
• How do you plan to distribute your products or services to the market?

You can also hint at the marketing or promotion plans you have for your products or services such as how you plan to build awareness or retain customers. The next section is where you can go fully into details about your business’s marketing and sales plan.

6. Show and Explain Your Marketing and Sales Plan

Providing great products and services is wonderful, but it means nothing if you do not have a marketing and sales plan to inform your customers about them. Your marketing and sales plan is critical to the success of your business.

The sales and marketing section is where you show and offer a detailed explanation of your marketing and sales plan and how you plan to execute it. It covers your pricing plan, proposed advertising and promotion activities, activities and partnerships you need to make your business a success, and the benefits of your products and services.

There are several ways you can approach your marketing and sales strategy. Ideally, your marketing and sales strategy has to fit the unique needs of your business.

In this section, you describe how the plans your business has for attracting and retaining customers, and the exact process for making a sale happen. It is essential to thoroughly describe your complete marketing and sales plans because you are still going to reference this section when you are making financial projections for your business.

Outline Your Business’ Unique Selling Proposition (USP)

The sales and marketing section is where you outline your business’s unique selling proposition (USP). When you are developing your unique selling proposition, think about the strongest reasons why people should buy from you over your competition. That reason(s) is most likely a good fit to serve as your unique selling proposition (USP).

Target Market and Target Audience

Plans on how to get your products or services to your target market and how to get your target audience to buy them go into this section. You also highlight the strengths of your business here, particularly what sets them apart from your competition.

Before you start writing your marketing and sales plan, you need to have properly defined your target audience and fleshed out your buyer persona. If you do not first understand the individual you are marketing to, your marketing and sales plan will lack any substance and easily fall.

Creating a Smart Marketing and Sales Plan

Marketing your products and services is an investment that requires you to spend money. Like any other investment, you have to generate a good return on investment (ROI) to justify using that marketing and sales plan. Good marketing and sales plans bring in high sales and profits to your company.

Avoid spending money on unproductive marketing channels. Do your research and find out the best marketing and sales plan that works best for your company.

Your marketing and sales plan can be broken into different parts: your positioning statement, pricing, promotion, packaging, advertising, public relations, content marketing, social media, and strategic alliances.

Your Positioning Statement

Your positioning statement is the first part of your marketing and sales plan. It refers to the way you present your company to your customers.

Are you the premium solution, the low-price solution, or are you the intermediary between the two extremes in the market? What do you offer that your competitors do not that can give you leverage in the market?

Before you start writing your positioning statement, you need to spend some time evaluating the current market conditions. Here are some questions that can help you to evaluate the market

• What are the unique features or benefits that you offer that your competitors lack?
• What are your customers’ primary needs and wants?
• Why should a customer choose you over your competition? How do you plan to differentiate yourself from the competition?
• How does your company’s solution compare with other solutions in the market?

After answering these questions, then you can start writing your positioning statement. Your positioning statement does not have to be in-depth or too long.

All you need to explain with your positioning statement are two focus areas. The first is the position of your company within the competitive landscape. The other focus area is the core value proposition that sets your company apart from other alternatives that your ideal customer might consider.

Here is a simple template you can use to develop a positioning statement.

For [description of target market] who [need of target market], [product or service] [how it meets the need]. Unlike [top competition], it [most essential distinguishing feature].

For example, let’s create the positioning statement for fictional accounting software and QuickBooks alternative , TBooks.

“For small business owners who need accounting services, TBooks is an accounting software that helps small businesses handle their small business bookkeeping basics quickly and easily. Unlike Wave, TBooks gives small businesses access to live sessions with top accountants.”

You can edit this positioning statement sample and fill it with your business details.

After writing your positioning statement, the next step is the pricing of your offerings. The overall positioning strategy you set in your positioning statement will often determine how you price your products or services.

Pricing is a powerful tool that sends a strong message to your customers. Failure to get your pricing strategy right can make or mar your business. If you are targeting a low-income audience, setting a premium price can result in low sales.

You can use pricing to communicate your positioning to your customers. For example, if you are offering a product at a premium price, you are sending a message to your customers that the product belongs to the premium category.

Basic Rules to Follow When Pricing Your Offering

Setting a price for your offering involves more than just putting a price tag on it. Deciding on the right pricing for your offering requires following some basic rules. They include covering your costs, primary and secondary profit center pricing, and matching the market rate.

• Covering Your Costs: The price you set for your products or service should be more than it costs you to produce and deliver them. Every business has the same goal, to make a profit. Depending on the strategy you want to use, there are exceptions to this rule. However, the vast majority of businesses follow this rule.
• Primary and Secondary Profit Center Pricing: When a company sets its price above the cost of production, it is making that product its primary profit center. A company can also decide not to make its initial price its primary profit center by selling below or at even with its production cost. It rather depends on the support product or even maintenance that is associated with the initial purchase to make its profit. The initial price thus became its secondary profit center.
• Matching the Market Rate: A good rule to follow when pricing your products or services is to match your pricing with consumer demand and expectations. If you price your products or services beyond the price your customer perceives as the ideal price range, you may end up with no customers. Pricing your products too low below what your customer perceives as the ideal price range may lead to them undervaluing your offering.

Pricing Strategy

Your pricing strategy influences the price of your offering. There are several pricing strategies available for you to choose from when examining the right pricing strategy for your business. They include cost-plus pricing, market-based pricing, value pricing, and more.

• Cost-plus Pricing: This strategy is one of the simplest and oldest pricing strategies. Here you consider the cost of producing a unit of your product and then add a profit to it to arrive at your market price. It is an effective pricing strategy for manufacturers because it helps them cover their initial costs. Another name for the cost-plus pricing strategy is the markup pricing strategy.
• Market-based Pricing: This pricing strategy analyses the market including competitors’ pricing and then sets a price based on what the market is expecting. With this pricing strategy, you can either set your price at the low-end or high-end of the market.
• Value Pricing: This pricing strategy involves setting a price based on the value you are providing to your customer. When adopting a value-based pricing strategy, you have to set a price that your customers are willing to pay. Service-based businesses such as small business insurance providers , luxury goods sellers, and the fashion industry use this pricing strategy.

After carefully sorting out your positioning statement and pricing, the next item to look at is your promotional strategy. Your promotional strategy explains how you plan on communicating with your customers and prospects.

As a business, you must measure all your costs, including the cost of your promotions. You also want to measure how much sales your promotions bring for your business to determine its usefulness. Promotional strategies or programs that do not lead to profit need to be removed.

There are different types of promotional strategies you can adopt for your business, they include advertising, public relations, and content marketing.

Advertising

Your business plan should include your advertising plan which can be found in the marketing and sales plan section. You need to include an overview of your advertising plans such as the areas you plan to spend money on to advertise your business and offers.

Ensure that you make it clear in this section if your business will be advertising online or using the more traditional offline media, or the combination of both online and offline media. You can also include the advertising medium you want to use to raise awareness about your business and offers.

Some common online advertising mediums you can use include social media ads, landing pages, sales pages, SEO, Pay-Per-Click, emails, Google Ads, and others. Some common traditional and offline advertising mediums include word of mouth, radios, direct mail, televisions, flyers, billboards, posters, and others.

A key component of your advertising strategy is how you plan to measure the effectiveness and success of your advertising campaign. There is no point in sticking with an advertising plan or medium that does not produce results for your business in the long run.

Public Relations

A great way to reach your customers is to get the media to cover your business or product. Publicity, especially good ones, should be a part of your marketing and sales plan. In this section, show your plans for getting prominent reviews of your product from reputable publications and sources.

Your business needs that exposure to grow. If public relations is a crucial part of your promotional strategy, provide details about your public relations plan here.

Content Marketing

Content marketing is a popular promotional strategy used by businesses to inform and attract their customers. It is about teaching and educating your prospects on various topics of interest in your niche, it does not just involve informing them about the benefits and features of the products and services you have,

Businesses publish content usually for free where they provide useful information, tips, and advice so that their target market can be made aware of the importance of their products and services. Content marketing strategies seek to nurture prospects into buyers over time by simply providing value.

Your company can create a blog where it will be publishing content for its target market. You will need to use the best website builder such as Wix and Squarespace and the best web hosting services such as Bluehost, Hostinger, and other Bluehost alternatives to create a functional blog or website.

If content marketing is a crucial part of your promotional strategy (as it should be), detail your plans under promotions.

Including high-quality images of the packaging of your product in your business plan is a lovely idea. You can add the images of the packaging of that product in the marketing and sales plan section. If you are not selling a product, then you do not need to include any worry about the physical packaging of your product.

When organizing the packaging section of your business plan, you can answer the following questions to make maximum use of this section.

• Is your choice of packaging consistent with your positioning strategy?
• What key value proposition does your packaging communicate? (It should reflect the key value proposition of your business)
• How does your packaging compare to that of your competitors?

Social Media

Your 21st-century business needs to have a good social media presence. Not having one is leaving out opportunities for growth and reaching out to your prospect.

You do not have to join the thousands of social media platforms out there. What you need to do is join the ones that your customers are active on and be active there.

Businesses use social media to provide information about their products such as promotions, discounts, the benefits of their products, and content on their blogs.

Social media is also a platform for engaging with your customers and getting feedback about your products or services. Make no mistake, more and more of your prospects are using social media channels to find more information about companies.

You need to consider the social media channels you want to prioritize your business (prioritize the ones your customers are active in) and your branding plans in this section.

Strategic Alliances

If your company plans to work closely with other companies as part of your sales and marketing plan, include it in this section. Prove details about those partnerships in your business plan if you have already established them.

Strategic alliances can be beneficial for all parties involved including your company. Working closely with another company in the form of a partnership can provide access to a different target market segment for your company.

The company you are partnering with may also gain access to your target market or simply offer a new product or service (that of your company) to its customers.

Mutually beneficial partnerships can cover the weaknesses of one company with the strength of another. You should consider strategic alliances with companies that sell complimentary products to yours. For example, if you provide printers, you can partner with a company that produces ink since the customers that buy printers from you will also need inks for printing.

Steps Involved in Creating a Marketing and Sales Plan

1. Focus on Your Target Market

Identify who your customers are, the market you want to target. Then determine the best ways to get your products or services to your potential customers.

2. Evaluate Your Competition

One of the goals of having a marketing plan is to distinguish yourself from your competition. You cannot stand out from them without first knowing them in and out.

You can know your competitors by gathering information about their products, pricing, service, and advertising campaigns.

These questions can help you know your competition.

• What makes your competition successful?
• What are their weaknesses?
• What are customers saying about your competition?

3. Consider Your Brand

Customers' perception of your brand has a strong impact on your sales. Your marketing and sales plan should seek to bolster the image of your brand. Before you start marketing your business, think about the message you want to pass across about your business and your products and services.

4. Focus on Benefits

The majority of your customers do not view your product in terms of features, what they want to know is the benefits and solutions your product offers. Think about the problems your product solves and the benefits it delivers, and use it to create the right sales and marketing message.

Your marketing plan should focus on what you want your customer to get instead of what you provide. Identify those benefits in your marketing and sales plan.

5. Focus on Differentiation

Your marketing and sales plan should look for a unique angle they can take that differentiates your business from the competition, even if the products offered are similar. Some good areas of differentiation you can use are your benefits, pricing, and features.

Key Questions to Answer When Writing Your Marketing and Sales Plan

• What is your company’s budget for sales and marketing campaigns?
• What key metrics will you use to determine if your marketing plans are successful?
• What are your alternatives if your initial marketing efforts do not succeed?
• Who are the sales representatives you need to promote your products or services?
• What are the marketing and sales channels you plan to use? How do you plan to get your products in front of your ideal customers?
• Where will you sell your products?

You may want to include samples of marketing materials you plan to use such as print ads, website descriptions, and social media ads. While it is not compulsory to include these samples, it can help you better communicate your marketing and sales plan and objectives.

The purpose of the marketing and sales section is to answer this question “How will you reach your customers?” If you cannot convincingly provide an answer to this question, you need to rework your marketing and sales section.

7. Clearly Show Your Funding Request

If you are writing your business plan to ask for funding from investors or financial institutions, the funding request section is where you will outline your funding requirements. The funding request section should answer the question ‘How much money will your business need in the near future (3 to 5 years)?’

A good funding request section will clearly outline and explain the amount of funding your business needs over the next five years. You need to know the amount of money your business needs to make an accurate funding request.

Also, when writing your funding request, provide details of how the funds will be used over the period. Specify if you want to use the funds to buy raw materials or machinery, pay salaries, pay for advertisements, and cover specific bills such as rent and electricity.

In addition to explaining what you want to use the funds requested for, you need to clearly state the projected return on investment (ROI) . Investors and creditors want to know if your business can generate profit for them if they put funds into it.

Ensure you do not inflate the figures and stay as realistic as possible. Investors and financial institutions you are seeking funds from will do their research before investing money in your business.

If you are not sure of an exact number to request from, you can use some range of numbers as rough estimates. Add a best-case scenario and a work-case scenario to your funding request. Also, include a description of your strategic future financial plans such as selling your business or paying off debts.

Funding Request: Debt or Equity?

When making your funding request, specify the type of funding you want. Do you want debt or equity? Draw out the terms that will be applicable for the funding, and the length of time the funding request will cover.

Case for Equity

If your new business has not yet started generating profits, you are most likely preparing to sell equity in your business to raise capital at the early stage. Equity here refers to ownership. In this case, you are selling a portion of your company to raise capital.

Although this method of raising capital for your business does not put your business in debt, keep in mind that an equity owner may expect to play a key role in company decisions even if he does not hold a major stake in the company.

Most equity sales for startups are usually private transactions . If you are making a funding request by offering equity in exchange for funding, let the investor know that they will be paid a dividend (a share of the company’s profit). Also, let the investor know the process for selling their equity in your business.

Case for Debt

You may decide not to offer equity in exchange for funds, instead, you make a funding request with the promise to pay back the money borrowed at the agreed time frame.

When making a funding request with an agreement to pay back, note that you will have to repay your creditors both the principal amount borrowed and the interest on it. Financial institutions offer this type of funding for businesses.

Large companies combine both equity and debt in their capital structure. When drafting your business plan, decide if you want to offer both or one over the other.

Before you sell equity in exchange for funding in your business, consider if you are willing to accept not being in total control of your business. Also, before you seek loans in your funding request section, ensure that the terms of repayment are favorable.

You should set a clear timeline in your funding request so that potential investors and creditors can know what you are expecting. Some investors and creditors may agree to your funding request and then delay payment for longer than 30 days, meanwhile, your business needs an immediate cash injection to operate efficiently.

Additional Tips for Writing the Funding Request Section of your Business Plan

The funding request section is not necessary for every business, it is only needed by businesses who plan to use their business plan to secure funding.

If you are adding the funding request section to your business plan, provide an itemized summary of how you plan to use the funds requested. Hiring a lawyer, accountant, or other professionals may be necessary for the proper development of this section.

You should also gather and use financial statements that add credibility and support to your funding requests. Ensure that the financial statements you use should include your projected financial data such as projected cash flows, forecast statements, and expenditure budgets.

If you are an existing business, include all historical financial statements such as cash flow statements, balance sheets and income statements .

Provide monthly and quarterly financial statements for a year. If your business has records that date back beyond the one-year mark, add the yearly statements of those years. These documents are for the appendix section of your business plan.

8. Detail Your Financial Plan, Metrics, and Projections

If you used the funding request section in your business plan, supplement it with a financial plan, metrics, and projections. This section paints a picture of the past performance of your business and then goes ahead to make an informed projection about its future.

The goal of this section is to convince readers that your business is going to be a financial success. It outlines your business plan to generate enough profit to repay the loan (with interest if applicable) and to generate a decent return on investment for investors.

If you have an existing business already in operation, use this section to demonstrate stability through finance. This section should include your cash flow statements, balance sheets, and income statements covering the last three to five years. If your business has some acceptable collateral that you can use to acquire loans, list it in the financial plan, metrics, and projection section.

Apart from current financial statements, this section should also contain a prospective financial outlook that spans the next five years. Include forecasted income statements, cash flow statements, balance sheets, and capital expenditure budget.

If your business is new and is not yet generating profit, use clear and realistic projections to show the potentials of your business.

When drafting this section, research industry norms and the performance of comparable businesses. Your financial projections should cover at least five years. State the logic behind your financial projections. Remember you can always make adjustments to this section as the variables change.

The financial plan, metrics, and projection section create a baseline which your business can either exceed or fail to reach. If your business fails to reach your projections in this section, you need to understand why it failed.

Investors and loan managers spend a lot of time going through the financial plan, metrics, and projection section compared to other parts of the business plan. Ensure you spend time creating credible financial analyses for your business in this section.

Many entrepreneurs find this section daunting to write. You do not need a business degree to create a solid financial forecast for your business. Business finances, especially for startups, are not as complicated as they seem. There are several online tools and templates that make writing this section so much easier.

Use Graphs and Charts

The financial plan, metrics, and projection section is a great place to use graphs and charts to tell the financial story of your business. Charts and images make it easier to communicate your finances.

Accuracy in this section is key, ensure you carefully analyze your past financial statements properly before making financial projects.

Address the Risk Factors and Show Realistic Financial Projections

Keep your financial plan, metrics, and projection realistic. It is okay to be optimistic in your financial projection, however, you have to justify it.

You should also address the various risk factors associated with your business in this section. Investors want to know the potential risks involved, show them. You should also show your plans for mitigating those risks.

What You Should In The Financial Plan, Metrics, and Projection Section of Your Business Plan

The financial plan, metrics, and projection section of your business plan should have monthly sales and revenue forecasts for the first year. It should also include annual projections that cover 3 to 5 years.

A three-year projection is a basic requirement to have in your business plan. However, some investors may request a five-year forecast.

Your business plan should include the following financial statements: sales forecast, personnel plan, income statement, income statement, cash flow statement, balance sheet, and an exit strategy.

1. Sales Forecast

Sales forecast refers to your projections about the number of sales your business is going to record over the next few years. It is typically broken into several rows, with each row assigned to a core product or service that your business is offering.

One common mistake people make in their business plan is to break down the sales forecast section into long details. A sales forecast should forecast the high-level details.

For example, if you are forecasting sales for a payroll software provider, you could break down your forecast into target market segments or subscription categories.

Your sales forecast section should also have a corresponding row for each sales row to cover the direct cost or Cost of Goods Sold (COGS). The objective of these rows is to show the expenses that your business incurs in making and delivering your product or service.

Note that your Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) should only cover those direct costs incurred when making your products. Other indirect expenses such as insurance, salaries, payroll tax, and rent should not be included.

For example, the Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) for a restaurant is the cost of ingredients while for a consulting company it will be the cost of paper and other presentation materials.

2. Personnel Plan

The personnel plan section is where you provide details about the payment plan for your employees. For a small business, you can easily list every position in your company and how much you plan to pay in the personnel plan.

However, for larger businesses, you have to break the personnel plan into functional groups such as sales and marketing.

The personnel plan will also include the cost of an employee beyond salary, commonly referred to as the employee burden. These costs include insurance, payroll taxes , and other essential costs incurred monthly as a result of having employees on your payroll.

3. Income Statement

The income statement section shows if your business is making a profit or taking a loss. Another name for the income statement is the profit and loss (P&L). It takes data from your sales forecast and personnel plan and adds other ongoing expenses you incur while running your business.

Every business plan should have an income statement. It subtracts your business expenses from its earnings to show if your business is generating profit or incurring losses.

The income statement has the following items: sales, Cost of Goods Sold (COGS), gross margin, operating expenses, total operating expenses, operating income , total expenses, and net profit.

• Sales refer to the revenue your business generates from selling its products or services. Other names for sales are income or revenue.
• Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) refers to the total cost of selling your products. Other names for COGS are direct costs or cost of sales. Manufacturing businesses use the Costs of Goods Manufactured (COGM) .
• Gross Margin is the figure you get when you subtract your COGS from your sales. In your income statement, you can express it as a percentage of total sales (Gross margin / Sales = Gross Margin Percent).
• Operating Expenses refer to all the expenses you incur from running your business. It exempts the COGS because it stands alone as a core part of your income statement. You also have to exclude taxes, depreciation, and amortization. Your operating expenses include salaries, marketing expenses, research and development (R&D) expenses, and other expenses.
• Total Operating Expenses refers to the sum of all your operating expenses including those exemptions named above under operating expenses.
• Operating Income refers to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization. It is simply known as the acronym EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization). Calculating your operating income is simple, all you need to do is to subtract your COGS and total operating expenses from your sales.
• Total Expenses refer to the sum of your operating expenses and your business’ interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization.
• Net profit shows whether your business has made a profit or taken a loss during a given timeframe.

4. Cash Flow Statement

The cash flow statement tracks the money you have in the bank at any given point. It is often confused with the income statement or the profit and loss statement. They are both different types of financial statements. The income statement calculates your profits and losses while the cash flow statement shows you how much you have in the bank.

5. Balance Sheet

The balance sheet is a financial statement that provides an overview of the financial health of your business. It contains information about the assets and liabilities of your company, and owner’s or shareholders’ equity.

You can get the net worth of your company by subtracting your company’s liabilities from its assets.

6. Exit Strategy

The exit strategy refers to a probable plan for selling your business either to the public in an IPO or to another company. It is the last thing you include in the financial plan, metrics, and projection section.

You can choose to omit the exit strategy from your business plan if you plan to maintain full ownership of your business and do not plan on seeking angel investment or virtual capitalist (VC) funding.

Investors may want to know what your exit plan is. They invest in your business to get a good return on investment.

Your exit strategy does not have to include long and boring details. Ensure you identify some interested parties who may be interested in buying the company if it becomes a success.

Key Questions to Answer with Your Financial Plan, Metrics, and Projection

Your financial plan, metrics, and projection section helps investors, creditors, or your internal managers to understand what your expenses are, the amount of cash you need, and what it takes to make your company profitable. It also shows what you will be doing with any funding.

You do not need to show actual financial data if you do not have one. Adding forecasts and projections to your financial statements is added proof that your strategy is feasible and shows investors you have planned properly.

Here are some key questions to answer to help you develop this section.

• What is your sales forecast for the next year?
• When will your company achieve a positive cash flow?
• What are the core expenses you need to operate?
• How much money do you need upfront to operate or grow your company?
• How will you use the loans or investments?

9. Add an Appendix to Your Business Plan

Adding an appendix to your business plan is optional. It is a useful place to put any charts, tables, legal notes, definitions, permits, résumés, and other critical information that do not fit into other sections of your business plan.

The appendix section is where you would want to include details of a patent or patent-pending if you have one. You can always add illustrations or images of your products here. It is the last section of your business plan.

When writing your business plan, there are details you cut short or remove to prevent the entire section from becoming too lengthy. There are also details you want to include in the business plan but are not a good fit for any of the previous sections. You can add that additional information to the appendix section.

Businesses also use the appendix section to include supporting documents or other materials specially requested by investors or lenders.

You can include just about any information that supports the assumptions and statements you made in the business plan under the appendix. It is the one place in the business plan where unrelated data and information can coexist amicably.

If your appendix section is lengthy, try organizing it by adding a table of contents at the beginning of the appendix section. It is also advisable to group similar information to make it easier for the reader to access them.

A well-organized appendix section makes it easier to share your information clearly and concisely. Add footnotes throughout the rest of the business plan or make references in the plan to the documents in the appendix.

The appendix section is usually only necessary if you are seeking funding from investors or lenders, or hoping to attract partners.

People reading business plans do not want to spend time going through a heap of backup information, numbers, and charts. Keep these documents or information in the Appendix section in case the reader wants to dig deeper.

Common Items to Include in the Appendix Section of Your Business Plan

The appendix section includes documents that supplement or support the information or claims given in other sections of the business plans. Common items you can include in the appendix section include:

• Additional data about the process of manufacturing or creation
• Additional description of products or services such as product schematics
• Additional financial documents or projections
• Articles of incorporation and status
• Backup for market research or competitive analysis
• Bank statements
• Business registries
• Client testimonials (if your business is already running)
• Copies of insurances
• Credit histories (personal or/and business)
• Deeds and permits
• Equipment leases
• Examples of marketing and advertising collateral
• Industry associations and memberships
• Images of product
• Intellectual property
• Key customer contracts
• Legal documents and other contracts
• Letters of reference
• Links to references
• Market research data
• Organizational charts
• Photographs of potential facilities
• Professional licenses pertaining to your legal structure or type of business
• Purchase orders
• Resumes of the founder(s) and key managers
• State and federal identification numbers or codes
• Trademarks or patents’ registrations

Avoid using the appendix section as a place to dump any document or information you feel like adding. Only add documents or information that you support or increase the credibility of your business plan.

Tips and Strategies for Writing a Convincing Business Plan

To achieve a perfect business plan, you need to consider some key tips and strategies. These tips will raise the efficiency of your business plan above average.

1. Know Your Audience

When writing a business plan, you need to know your audience . Business owners write business plans for different reasons. Your business plan has to be specific. For example, you can write business plans to potential investors, banks, and even fellow board members of the company.

The audience you are writing to determines the structure of the business plan. As a business owner, you have to know your audience. Not everyone will be your audience. Knowing your audience will help you to narrow the scope of your business plan.

Consider what your audience wants to see in your projects, the likely questions they might ask, and what interests them.

• A business plan used to address a company's board members will center on its employment schemes, internal affairs, projects, stakeholders, etc.
• A business plan for financial institutions will talk about the size of your market and the chances for you to pay back any loans you demand.
• A business plan for investors will show proof that you can return the investment capital within a specific time. In addition, it discusses your financial projections, tractions, and market size.

2. Get Inspiration from People

Writing a business plan from scratch as an entrepreneur can be daunting. That is why you need the right inspiration to push you to write one. You can gain inspiration from the successful business plans of other businesses. Look at their business plans, the style they use, the structure of the project, etc.

To make your business plan easier to create, search companies related to your business to get an exact copy of what you need to create an effective business plan. You can also make references while citing examples in your business plans.

When drafting your business plan, get as much help from others as you possibly can. By getting inspiration from people, you can create something better than what they have.

3. Avoid Being Over Optimistic

Many business owners make use of strong adjectives to qualify their content. One of the big mistakes entrepreneurs make when preparing a business plan is promising too much.

The use of superlatives and over-optimistic claims can prepare the audience for more than you can offer. In the end, you disappoint the confidence they have in you.

In most cases, the best option is to be realistic with your claims and statistics. Most of the investors can sense a bit of incompetency from the overuse of superlatives. As a new entrepreneur, do not be tempted to over-promise to get the interests of investors.

The concept of entrepreneurship centers on risks, nothing is certain when you make future analyses. What separates the best is the ability to do careful research and work towards achieving that, not promising more than you can achieve.

To make an excellent first impression as an entrepreneur, replace superlatives with compelling data-driven content. In this way, you are more specific than someone promising a huge ROI from an investment.

4. Keep it Simple and Short

When writing business plans, ensure you keep them simple throughout. Irrespective of the purpose of the business plan, your goal is to convince the audience.

One way to achieve this goal is to make them understand your proposal. Therefore, it would be best if you avoid the use of complex grammar to express yourself. It would be a huge turn-off if the people you want to convince are not familiar with your use of words.

Another thing to note is the length of your business plan. It would be best if you made it as brief as possible.

You hardly see investors or agencies that read through an extremely long document. In that case, if your first few pages can’t convince them, then you have lost it. The more pages you write, the higher the chances of you derailing from the essential contents.

To ensure your business plan has a high conversion rate, you need to dispose of every unnecessary information. For example, if you have a strategy that you are not sure of, it would be best to leave it out of the plan.

5. Make an Outline and Follow Through

A perfect business plan must have touched every part needed to convince the audience. Business owners get easily tempted to concentrate more on their products than on other sections. Doing this can be detrimental to the efficiency of the business plan.

For example, imagine you talking about a product but omitting or providing very little information about the target audience. You will leave your clients confused.

To ensure that your business plan communicates your full business model to readers, you have to input all the necessary information in it. One of the best ways to achieve this is to design a structure and stick to it.

This structure is what guides you throughout the writing. To make your work easier, you can assign an estimated word count or page limit to every section to avoid making it too bulky for easy reading. As a guide, the necessary things your business plan must contain are:

• Table of contents
• Introduction
• Product or service description
• Target audience
• Market size
• Competition analysis
• Financial projections

Some specific businesses can include some other essential sections, but these are the key sections that must be in every business plan.

6. Ask a Professional to Proofread

When writing a business plan, you must tie all loose ends to get a perfect result. When you are done with writing, call a professional to go through the document for you. You are bound to make mistakes, and the way to correct them is to get external help.

You should get a professional in your field who can relate to every section of your business plan. It would be easier for the professional to notice the inner flaws in the document than an editor with no knowledge of your business.

In addition to getting a professional to proofread, get an editor to proofread and edit your document. The editor will help you identify grammatical errors, spelling mistakes, and inappropriate writing styles.

Writing a business plan can be daunting, but you can surmount that obstacle and get the best out of it with these tips.

Business Plan Examples and Templates That’ll Save You Tons of Time

1. hubspot's one-page business plan.

The one-page business plan template by HubSpot is the perfect guide for businesses of any size, irrespective of their business strategy. Although the template is condensed into a page, your final business plan should not be a page long! The template is designed to ask helpful questions that can help you develop your business plan.

Hubspot’s one-page business plan template is divided into nine fields:

• Business opportunity
• Company description
• Industry analysis
• Target market
• Implementation timeline
• Marketing plan
• Financial summary
• Funding required

2. Bplan’s Free Business Plan Template

Bplans' free business plan template is investor-approved. It is a rich template used by prestigious educational institutions such as Babson College and Princeton University to teach entrepreneurs how to create a business plan.

The template has six sections: the executive summary, opportunity, execution, company, financial plan, and appendix. There is a step-by-step guide for writing every little detail in the business plan. Follow the instructions each step of the way and you will create a business plan that impresses investors or lenders easily.

3. HubSpot's Downloadable Business Plan Template

HubSpot’s downloadable business plan template is a more comprehensive option compared to the one-page business template by HubSpot. This free and downloadable business plan template is designed for entrepreneurs.

The template is a comprehensive guide and checklist for business owners just starting their businesses. It tells you everything you need to fill in each section of the business plan and how to do it.

There are nine sections in this business plan template: an executive summary, company and business description, product and services line, market analysis, marketing plan, sales plan, legal notes, financial considerations, and appendix.

4. Business Plan by My Own Business Institute

My Own Business Institute (MOBI) which is a part of Santa Clara University's Center for Innovation and Entrepreneurship offers a free business plan template. You can either copy the free business template from the link provided above or download it as a Word document.

The comprehensive template consists of a whopping 15 sections.

• The Business Profile
• The Vision and the People
• Home-Based Business and Freelance Business Opportunities
• Organization
• Licenses and Permits
• Business Insurance
• Communication Tools
• Acquisitions
• Location and Leasing
• Accounting and Cash Flow
• Opening and Marketing
• Managing Employees
• Expanding and Handling Problems

There are lots of helpful tips on how to fill each section in the free business plan template by MOBI.

5. Score's Business Plan Template for Startups

Score is an American nonprofit organization that helps entrepreneurs build successful companies. This business plan template for startups by Score is available for free download. The business plan template asks a whooping 150 generic questions that help entrepreneurs from different fields to set up the perfect business plan.

The business plan template for startups contains clear instructions and worksheets, all you have to do is answer the questions and fill the worksheets.

There are nine sections in the business plan template: executive summary, company description, products and services, marketing plan, operational plan, management and organization, startup expenses and capitalization, financial plan, and appendices.

The ‘refining the plan’ resource contains instructions that help you modify your business plan to suit your specific needs, industry, and target audience. After you have completed Score’s business plan template, you can work with a SCORE mentor for expert advice in business planning.

6. Minimalist Architecture Business Plan Template by Venngage

The minimalist architecture business plan template is a simple template by Venngage that you can customize to suit your business needs .

There are five sections in the template: an executive summary, statement of problem, approach and methodology, qualifications, and schedule and benchmark. The business plan template has instructions that guide users on what to fill in each section.

7. Small Business Administration Free Business Plan Template

The Small Business Administration (SBA) offers two free business plan templates, filled with practical real-life examples that you can model to create your business plan. Both free business plan templates are written by fictional business owners: Rebecca who owns a consulting firm, and Andrew who owns a toy company.

There are five sections in the two SBA’s free business plan templates.

• Executive Summary
• Company Description
• Service Line
• Marketing and Sales

8. The $100 Startup's One-Page Business Plan

The one-page business plan by the $100 startup is a simple business plan template for entrepreneurs who do not want to create a long and complicated plan . You can include more details in the appendices for funders who want more information beyond what you can put in the one-page business plan.

There are five sections in the one-page business plan such as overview, ka-ching, hustling, success, and obstacles or challenges or open questions. You can answer all the questions using one or two sentences.

9. PandaDoc’s Free Business Plan Template

The free business plan template by PandaDoc is a comprehensive 15-page document that describes the information you should include in every section.

There are 11 sections in PandaDoc’s free business plan template.

• Executive summary
• Business description
• Products and services
• Operations plan
• Management organization
• Financial plan
• Conclusion / Call to action
• Confidentiality statement

You have to sign up for its 14-day free trial to access the template. You will find different business plan templates on PandaDoc once you sign up (including templates for general businesses and specific businesses such as bakeries, startups, restaurants, salons, hotels, and coffee shops)

PandaDoc allows you to customize its business plan templates to fit the needs of your business. After editing the template, you can send it to interested parties and track opens and views through PandaDoc.

10. Invoiceberry Templates for Word, Open Office, Excel, or PPT

InvoiceBerry is a U.K based online invoicing and tracking platform that offers free business plan templates in .docx, .odt, .xlsx, and .pptx formats for freelancers and small businesses.

Before you can download the free business plan template, it will ask you to give it your email address. After you complete the little task, it will send the download link to your inbox for you to download. It also provides a business plan checklist in .xlsx file format that ensures you add the right information to the business plan.

Alternatives to the Traditional Business Plan

A business plan is very important in mapping out how one expects their business to grow over a set number of years, particularly when they need external investment in their business. However, many investors do not have the time to watch you present your business plan. It is a long and boring read.

Luckily, there are three alternatives to the traditional business plan (the Business Model Canvas, Lean Canvas, and Startup Pitch Deck). These alternatives are less laborious and easier and quicker to present to investors.

Business Model Canvas (BMC)

The business model canvas is a business tool used to present all the important components of setting up a business, such as customers, route to market, value proposition, and finance in a single sheet. It provides a very focused blueprint that defines your business initially which you can later expand on if needed.

The sheet is divided mainly into company, industry, and consumer models that are interconnected in how they find problems and proffer solutions.

Segments of the Business Model Canvas

The business model canvas was developed by founder Alexander Osterwalder to answer important business questions. It contains nine segments.

• Key Partners: Who will be occupying important executive positions in your business? What do they bring to the table? Will there be a third party involved with the company?
• Key Activities: What important activities will production entail? What activities will be carried out to ensure the smooth running of the company?
• The Product’s Value Propositions: What does your product do? How will it be different from other products?
• Customer Segments: What demography of consumers are you targeting? What are the habits of these consumers? Who are the MVPs of your target consumers?
• Customer Relationships: How will the team support and work with its customer base? How do you intend to build and maintain trust with the customer?
• Key Resources: What type of personnel and tools will be needed? What size of the budget will they need access to?
• Channels: How do you plan to create awareness of your products? How do you intend to transport your product to the customer?
• Cost Structure: What is the estimated cost of production? How much will distribution cost?
• Revenue Streams: For what value are customers willing to pay? How do they prefer to pay for the product? Are there any external revenues attached apart from the main source? How do the revenue streams contribute to the overall revenue?

Lean Canvas

The lean canvas is a problem-oriented alternative to the standard business model canvas. It was proposed by Ash Maurya, creator of Lean Stack as a development of the business model generation. It uses a more problem-focused approach and it majorly targets entrepreneurs and startup businesses.

Lean Canvas uses the same 9 blocks concept as the business model canvas, however, they have been modified slightly to suit the needs and purpose of a small startup. The key partners, key activities, customer relationships, and key resources are replaced by new segments which are:

• Problem: Simple and straightforward number of problems you have identified, ideally three.
• Solution: The solutions to each problem.
• Unfair Advantage: Something you possess that can't be easily bought or replicated.
• Key Metrics: Important numbers that will tell how your business is doing.

Startup Pitch Deck

While the business model canvas compresses into a factual sheet, startup pitch decks expand flamboyantly.

Pitch decks, through slides, convey your business plan, often through graphs and images used to emphasize estimations and observations in your presentation. Entrepreneurs often use pitch decks to fully convince their target audience of their plans before discussing funding arrangements.

Considering the likelihood of it being used in a small time frame, a good startup pitch deck should ideally contain 20 slides or less to have enough time to answer questions from the audience.

Unlike the standard and lean business model canvases, a pitch deck doesn't have a set template on how to present your business plan but there are still important components to it. These components often mirror those of the business model canvas except that they are in slide form and contain more details.

Using Airbnb (one of the most successful start-ups in recent history) for reference, the important components of a good slide are listed below.

• Cover/Introduction Slide: Here, you should include your company's name and mission statement. Your mission statement should be a very catchy tagline. Also, include personal information and contact details to provide an easy link for potential investors.
• Problem Slide: This slide requires you to create a connection with the audience or the investor that you are pitching. For example in their pitch, Airbnb summarized the most important problems it would solve in three brief points – pricing of hotels, disconnection from city culture, and connection problems for local bookings.
• Solution Slide: This slide includes your core value proposition. List simple and direct solutions to the problems you have mentioned
• Customer Analysis: Here you will provide information on the customers you will be offering your service to. The identity of your customers plays an important part in fundraising as well as the long-run viability of the business.
• Market Validation: Use competitive analysis to show numbers that prove the presence of a market for your product, industry behavior in the present and the long run, as well as the percentage of the market you aim to attract. It shows that you understand your competitors and customers and convinces investors of the opportunities presented in the market.
• Business Model: Your business model is the hook of your presentation. It may vary in complexity but it should generally include a pricing system informed by your market analysis. The goal of the slide is to confirm your business model is easy to implement.
• Marketing Strategy: This slide should summarize a few customer acquisition methods that you plan to use to grow the business.
• Competitive Advantage: What this slide will do is provide information on what will set you apart and make you a more attractive option to customers. It could be the possession of technology that is not widely known in the market.
• Team Slide: Here you will give a brief description of your team. Include your key management personnel here and their specific roles in the company. Include their educational background, job history, and skillsets. Also, talk about their accomplishments in their careers so far to build investors' confidence in members of your team.
• Traction Slide: This validates the company’s business model by showing growth through early sales and support. The slide aims to reduce any lingering fears in potential investors by showing realistic periodic milestones and profit margins. It can include current sales, growth, valuable customers, pre-orders, or data from surveys outlining current consumer interest.
• Funding Slide: This slide is popularly referred to as ‘the ask'. Here you will include important details like how much is needed to get your business off the ground and how the funding will be spent to help the company reach its goals.
• Appendix Slides: Your pitch deck appendix should always be included alongside a standard pitch presentation. It consists of additional slides you could not show in the pitch deck but you need to complement your presentation.

It is important to support your calculations with pictorial renditions. Infographics, such as pie charts or bar graphs, will be more effective in presenting the information than just listing numbers. For example, a six-month graph that shows rising profit margins will easily look more impressive than merely writing it.

Lastly, since a pitch deck is primarily used to secure meetings and you may be sharing your pitch with several investors, it is advisable to keep a separate public version that doesn't include financials. Only disclose the one with projections once you have secured a link with an investor.

Advantages of the Business Model Canvas, Lean Canvas, and Startup Pitch Deck over the Traditional Business Plan

• Time-Saving: Writing a detailed traditional business plan could take weeks or months. On the other hand, all three alternatives can be done in a few days or even one night of brainstorming if you have a comprehensive understanding of your business.
• Easier to Understand: Since the information presented is almost entirely factual, it puts focus on what is most important in running the business. They cut away the excess pages of fillers in a traditional business plan and allow investors to see what is driving the business and what is getting in the way.
• Easy to Update: Businesses typically present their business plans to many potential investors before they secure funding. What this means is that you may regularly have to amend your presentation to update statistics or adjust to audience-specific needs. For a traditional business plan, this could mean rewriting a whole section of your plan. For the three alternatives, updating is much easier because they are not voluminous.
• Guide for a More In-depth Business Plan: All three alternatives have the added benefit of being able to double as a sketch of your business plan if the need to create one arises in the future.

Business Plan FAQ

Business plans are important for any entrepreneur who is looking for a framework to run their company over some time or seeking external support. Although they are essential for new businesses, every company should ideally have a business plan to track their growth from time to time.  They can be used by startups seeking investments or loans to convey their business ideas or an employee to convince his boss of the feasibility of starting a new project. They can also be used by companies seeking to recruit high-profile employee targets into key positions or trying to secure partnerships with other firms.

Business plans often vary depending on your target audience, the scope, and the goals for the plan. Startup plans are the most common among the different types of business plans.  A start-up plan is used by a new business to present all the necessary information to help get the business up and running. They are usually used by entrepreneurs who are seeking funding from investors or bank loans. The established company alternative to a start-up plan is a feasibility plan. A feasibility plan is often used by an established company looking for new business opportunities. They are used to show the upsides of creating a new product for a consumer base. Because the audience is usually company people, it requires less company analysis. The third type of business plan is the lean business plan. A lean business plan is a brief, straight-to-the-point breakdown of your ideas and analysis for your business. It does not contain details of your proposal and can be written on one page. Finally, you have the what-if plan. As it implies, a what-if plan is a preparation for the worst-case scenario. You must always be prepared for the possibility of your original plan being rejected. A good what-if plan will serve as a good plan B to the original.

A good business plan has 10 key components. They include an executive plan, product analysis, desired customer base, company analysis, industry analysis, marketing strategy, sales strategy, financial projection, funding, and appendix. Executive Plan Your business should begin with your executive plan. An executive plan will provide early insight into what you are planning to achieve with your business. It should include your mission statement and highlight some of the important points which you will explain later. Product Analysis The next component of your business plan is your product analysis. A key part of this section is explaining the type of item or service you are going to offer as well as the market problems your product will solve. Desired Consumer Base Your product analysis should be supplemented with a detailed breakdown of your desired consumer base. Investors are always interested in knowing the economic power of your market as well as potential MVP customers. Company Analysis The next component of your business plan is your company analysis. Here, you explain how you want to run your business. It will include your operational strategy, an insight into the workforce needed to keep the company running, and important executive positions. It will also provide a calculation of expected operational costs.  Industry Analysis A good business plan should also contain well laid out industry analysis. It is important to convince potential investors you know the companies you will be competing with, as well as your plans to gain an edge on the competition. Marketing Strategy Your business plan should also include your marketing strategy. This is how you intend to spread awareness of your product. It should include a detailed explanation of the company brand as well as your advertising methods. Sales Strategy Your sales strategy comes after the market strategy. Here you give an overview of your company's pricing strategy and how you aim to maximize profits. You can also explain how your prices will adapt to market behaviors. Financial Projection The financial projection is the next component of your business plan. It explains your company's expected running cost and revenue earned during the tenure of the business plan. Financial projection gives a clear idea of how your company will develop in the future. Funding The next component of your business plan is funding. You have to detail how much external investment you need to get your business idea off the ground here. Appendix The last component of your plan is the appendix. This is where you put licenses, graphs, or key information that does not fit in any of the other components.

The business model canvas is a business management tool used to quickly define your business idea and model. It is often used when investors need you to pitch your business idea during a brief window.

A pitch deck is similar to a business model canvas except that it makes use of slides in its presentation. A pitch is not primarily used to secure funding, rather its main purpose is to entice potential investors by selling a very optimistic outlook on the business.

Business plan competitions help you evaluate the strength of your business plan. By participating in business plan competitions, you are improving your experience. The experience provides you with a degree of validation while practicing important skills. The main motivation for entering into the competitions is often to secure funding by finishing in podium positions. There is also the chance that you may catch the eye of a casual observer outside of the competition. These competitions also provide good networking opportunities. You could meet mentors who will take a keen interest in guiding you in your business journey. You also have the opportunity to meet other entrepreneurs whose ideas can complement yours.

Exlore Further

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• Business Plan : Guide et exemples à déc ...

Business Plan : Guide et exemples à découvrir !

Que vous soyez un créateur d’entreprise ou un porteur de projet de reprise d’entreprise, vous avez besoin d’un business plan solide. Il présente tous les aspects, allant du développement du produit ou du service, aux stratégies de marketing, stratégie commerciale, prévisions financières sans oublier la comptabilité.

Le business plan vous aide à concevoir votre modèle économique de manière précise et claire, identifiant votre marché cible et clients potentiels.

Dans cet article, vous trouverez tout ce que vous devez savoir pour élaborer votre propre business plan, en mettant en place votre plan de trésorerie et prévisionnel financier, afin de maximiser vos chances de transformer votre idée en une future entreprise. En bonus, téléchargez notre modèle de business plan gratuit pour vous accompagner dans sa réalisation.

Qu’est-ce qu’un business plan ?

Un business plan (ou plan d’affaires) est une représentation intégrale de votre projet de création d’entreprise. Il décrit en profondeur comment vous envisagez de concrétiser votre concept.

Cela englobe plusieurs éléments, tels que l’idée d’entreprise elle-même, les opportunités potentielles sur le marché, la stratégie commerciale, le plan d'action pour les premières années, ainsi que les bilan prévisionnel et compte de résultat prévisionnel.

Pourquoi est-il nécessaire de rédiger un business plan ?

Aujourd’hui, un business plan est incontournable pour obtenir des financements, que ce soit des subventions à la création d’entreprise ou des fonds provenant de programmes d’aide. Les projets d’entreprise engendrent souvent des coûts élevés qui ne peuvent pas être couverts par les seuls fonds personnels. C’est pourquoi les entrepreneurs cherchent souvent à obtenir un prêt auprès d’une banque ou d’un investisseur, qui demanderont généralement à voir un business plan afin d’avoir une vue d’ensemble de votre plan de trésorerie et de votre prévisionnel financier.

Mais un business plan n’est pas seulement crucial pour les investisseurs. Les autres partenaires commerciaux ont également besoin de confiance en votre entreprise pour envisager une collaboration. Un business plan bien rédigé peut être un atout majeur dans ce contexte.

Enfin, le business plan est également très important pour vous-même et pour votre projet de création d’entreprise. Lancer une startup avec une nouvelle idée d’entreprise implique de gérer une multitude de tâches et de responsabilités.

Avoir un business plan vous permet de garder une vue d’ensemble de tous ces aspects, vous permettant de suivre votre feuille de route initiale et de vous assurer que toutes les tâches importantes sont prises en compte. Le business plan devient alors une véritable boussole pour la création d’entreprise.

Comment élaborer un Business Plan performant ?

Si vous avez une idée d’entreprise innovante que vous êtes impatient de concrétiser, l’élaboration de votre Business Plan est la prochaine étape cruciale. Un Business Plan structuré, détaillé et convaincant est essentiel. Bien que l’organisation de votre Business Plan reste à votre discrétion, certaines structures prouvées sont à considérer.

Voici un aperçu de ce qu’un Business Plan efficace pourrait ressembler : 

Executive Summary  : Cette section cruciale, située au début de votre Business Plan, résume toutes les informations vitales en une ou deux pages. Les investisseurs examinent souvent ces premières pages pour décider de la lecture complète du document. Assurez-vous de répondre ici de manière concise et claire à toutes les questions essentielles. Notez que bien que l’ Executive Summary soit placé au début, il est rédigé en dernier.

Corps principal  : Cette section approfondit votre idée commerciale, présente l’équipe fondatrice et détaille votre plan d’implémentation . Nous y reviendrons dans un moment.

Partie financière : Cette partie, d’une importance capitale pour les investisseurs, décrit les coûts initiaux et les dépenses mensuelles, les prévisions de revenus et le montant du financement requis. Vous pouvez vous faire aider d’un expert-comptable pour sa rédaction.

Annexe  : Enfin, incluez toutes les annexes pertinentes comme des fiches techniques, des estimations de coûts, des plans de projet , et idéalement, les CV des fondateurs.

Rédiger un business plan: En quoi un logiciel de gestion de projet pourrait vous aider ?

Ainsi, Asana vous aide à orchestrer efficacement le processus de création de votre business plan, assurant un travail fluide et coordonné.

Les éléments clés à mettre dans un Business plan

Maintenant, passons en revue la structure détaillée du Business Plan et les éléments cruciaux qui devraient y figurer. 

1. Le concept commercial

Ce chapitre est dédié à une description détaillée de votre modèle économique et secteur d’activité.

Quels sont les produits ou services que vous proposez ? Quel problème résout votre offre ? Comment les clients bénéficient-ils précisément de vos produits ou services ? Quels sont vos avantages concurrentiels ?

2. Cible, Distribution et Concurrence

 Cette section de votre Business Plan aborde votre public cible, la distribution de vos produits ou services, et la concurrence.

Cible  : Décrivez votre public cible en détail. Vous pourriez, par exemple, décrire un persona typique de votre clientèle, y compris l’âge, le revenu, les hobbies, les intérêts, etc. Une analyse de marché peut être extrêmement utile ici.

Distribution  : Vous pouvez planifier votre distribution en fonction de votre public cible. Quels sont les canaux de distribution et les stratégies de marketing que vous allez utiliser ? Comment comptez-vous fidéliser vos clients à long terme ?

Concurrence  : Il est essentiel de considérer les concurrents avec lesquels vous serez en compétition. Identifiez vos concurrents majeurs et décrivez en quoi votre offre est unique ou meilleure.

3. L'équipe Fondatrice

 Dans cette section, il s’agit de faire la présentation de l’équipe fondatrice.

Quelles sont leurs qualifications et compétences clés qui les rendent capables de diriger une entreprise dans ce domaine ?

Parlez de votre motivation et pourquoi vous souhaitez créer cette entreprise et poursuivre cette idée.

4. Vision et Objectifs

En lien avec la section précédente, présentez ici la vision de votre entreprise et les objectifs que vous souhaitez atteindre. Indiquez les objectifs à court, moyen et long terme, montrant comment vous envisagez d’atteindre votre vision.

5. Organisation

Cette partie du Business Plan concerne l’organisation de l’entreprise. Précisez ici la forme juridique de votre entreprise, son nom, et répondez à d’autres questions importantes, telles que l’emplacement de votre entreprise, la constitution de l’équipe, le nombre d’employés nécessaires, etc. 

6. Analyse SWOT

Dans votre Business Plan, envisagez d’ajouter une analyse SWOT . Celle-ci vous permet d’identifier vos forces et faiblesses, ainsi que les opportunités et les menaces liées à votre idée d’entreprise.

7. La partie financière

La partie financière du Business Plan est le cœur du document : elle comprend une planification financière détaillée (avec le plan de financement initial et le plan de financement à 3 ans), une prévision de rentabilité, un plan de liquidités, des relevés de coûts, des sources de revenus, le seuil de rentabilité, etc.

Enfin, l’annexe de votre Business Plan devrait inclure toutes les informations pertinentes supplémentaires, comme les résultats d’ études de marché , les fiches techniques, et même votre CV.

Quelles sont les exigences à respecter pour un Business Plan ?

La rédaction de votre Business Plan doit être faite avec soin. Il s’agit non seulement d’un outil de guidage pour vous, mais également d’un document clé pour convaincre vos futurs financeurs.

Par conséquent, il est crucial que votre Business Plan réponde aux exigences suivantes :

Simplicité du langage  : il est particulièrement important pour les concepts d’affaires complexes d’éviter les jargons techniques et de garder un langage aussi simple et précis que possible. Votre plan doit être compréhensible même pour les investisseurs peu familiers avec votre secteur.

Structure claire  : un Business Plan doit être bien structuré et suivre une logique cohérente. Cela permet aux lecteurs d’avoir une vision globale optimale de votre idée et de son potentiel de réalisation.

Réalisme  : en ce qui concerne des éléments tels que le potentiel de marché et les prévisions de chiffre d’affaires, il est primordial de rester réaliste. Une projection de revenus trop ambitieuse peut s’avérer risquée et avoir des conséquences négatives.

Mettre en avant les bénéfices clients  : le principal objectif est de démontrer que votre concept d’entreprise offre des avantages significatifs pour le client. Simplement imiter des idées existantes ne vous garantira pas une réussite ou une singularité à long terme. Un bon Business Plan souligne clairement ce qui vous rend unique et vous différencie de la concurrence.

Erreurs courantes

Tous les Business Plans ne se concrétisent pas. De même, ils ne réussissent pas tous à convaincre les bailleurs de fonds de croire en votre idée et de fournir les fonds nécessaires.

C’est pourquoi il est impératif d’éviter les erreurs suivantes :

Révisions insuffisantes : vos plans et vos chiffres prévisionnels évolueront à mesure que vous avancerez dans vos recherches. N’hésitez pas à retravailler certaines parties de votre Business Plan en incluant les besoins de financement à court et à moyen terme.

Manque d’études de marché  : les études de marché sont essentielles car elles permettent de recueillir des retours préliminaires sur la réception de votre idée par les clients, sur vos concurrents et sur ce qui vous distingue. Si ces éléments sont absents ou insuffisamment décrits dans votre Business Plan, cela risque de refroidir les bailleurs de fonds.

Les avantages pour le client ne sont pas mis en avan t : votre Business Plan ne doit pas se limiter à parler de vos produits et de leurs caractéristiques. Ce qui importe, c’est comment les clients perçoivent ces caractéristiques. Il est donc nécessaire de ne pas être trop centré sur le produit, mais plutôt sur le client.

Les fondateurs ne sont pas mis en lumière  : il est également essentiel de mettre en avant l’équipe de fondateurs, ou vous-même en tant que fondateur. Une idée n’est rien sans l’équipe qui va la concrétiser. De nombreux bailleurs de fonds investissent parce qu’ils sont convaincus par la vision et la motivation des fondateurs. N’oubliez pas d’évoquer également les partenaires potentiels dans cette partie qui doit être rédigée avec soin.

Bénéficiez de notre modèle gratuit de Business Plan

Un Business Plan bien structuré est la fondation solide dont chaque entreprise a besoin pour se lancer avec succès. Il vous donne une feuille de route pour votre projet, tout en mettant en lumière les forces uniques de votre concept d’affaires face à la concurrence. De plus, un Business Plan solide est votre meilleur allié pour convaincre les investisseurs de soutenir votre vision.

C’est pourquoi nous mettons à votre disposition un exemple de Business Plan gratuit . Conçu pour vous aider à structurer vos idées, ce modèle vous offre un cadre clair et facile à suivre pour définir vos objectifs et tracer votre chemin vers le succès.

Alors, ne laissez pas votre vision se perdre dans les détails - adoptez notre modèle de Business Plan et prenez un envol sûr vers la réussite de votre entreprise.

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How To Write a Business Plan

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Starting a business is a wild ride, and a solid business plan can be the key to keeping you on track. A business plan is essentially a roadmap for your business — outlining your goals, strategies, market analysis and financial projections. Not only will it guide your decision-making, a business plan can help you secure funding with a loan or from investors .

Writing a business plan can seem like a huge task, but taking it one step at a time can break the plan down into manageable milestones. Here is our step-by-step guide on how to write a business plan.

Table of contents

• Write your executive summary
• Do your market research homework
• Set your business goals and objectives
• Plan your business strategy
• Describe your product or service
• Crunch the numbers
• Finalize your business plan

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Step 1: Write your executive summary

Though this will be the first page of your business plan , we recommend you actually write the executive summary last. That’s because an executive summary highlights what’s to come in the business plan but in a more condensed fashion.

An executive summary gives stakeholders who are reading your business plan the key points quickly without having to comb through pages and pages. Be sure to cover each successive point in a concise manner, and include as much data as necessary to support your claims.

You’ll cover other things too, but answer these basic questions in your executive summary:

• Idea: What’s your business concept? What problem does your business solve? What are your business goals?
• Product: What’s your product/service and how is it different?
• Market: Who’s your audience? How will you reach customers?
• Finance: How much will your idea cost? And if you’re seeking funding, how much money do you need? How much do you expect to earn? If you’ve already started, where is your revenue at now?

Step 2: Do your market research homework

The next step in writing a business plan is to conduct market research . This involves gathering information about your target market (or customer persona), your competition, and the industry as a whole. You can use a variety of research methods such as surveys, focus groups, and online research to gather this information. Your method may be formal or more casual, just make sure that you’re getting good data back.

This research will help you to understand the needs of your target market and the potential demand for your product or service—essential aspects of starting and growing a successful business.

Step 3: Set your business goals and objectives

Once you’ve completed your market research, you can begin to define your business goals and objectives. What is the problem you want to solve? What’s your vision for the future? Where do you want to be in a year from now?

Use this step to decide what you want to achieve with your business, both in the short and long term. Try to set SMART goals—specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound benchmarks—that will help you to stay focused and motivated as you build your business.

Step 4: Plan your business strategy

Your business strategy is how you plan to reach your goals and objectives. This includes details on positioning your product or service, marketing and sales strategies, operational plans, and the organizational structure of your small business.

Make sure to include key roles and responsibilities for each team member if you’re in a business entity with multiple people.

Step 5: Describe your product or service

In this section, get into the nitty-gritty of your product or service. Go into depth regarding the features, benefits, target market, and any patents or proprietary tech you have. Make sure to paint a clear picture of what sets your product apart from the competition—and don’t forget to highlight any customer benefits.

Step 6: Crunch the numbers

Financial analysis is an essential part of your business plan. If you’re already in business that includes your profit and loss statement , cash flow statement and balance sheet .

These financial projections will give investors and lenders an understanding of the financial health of your business and the potential return on investment.

You may want to work with a financial professional to ensure your financial projections are realistic and accurate.

Step 7: Finalize your business plan

Once you’ve completed everything, it's time to finalize your business plan. This involves reviewing and editing your plan to ensure that it is clear, concise, and easy to understand.

You should also have someone else review your plan to get a fresh perspective and identify any areas that may need improvement. You could even work with a free SCORE mentor on your business plan or use a SCORE business plan template for more detailed guidance.

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The takeaway

Writing a business plan is an essential process for any forward-thinking entrepreneur or business owner. A business plan requires a lot of up-front research, planning, and attention to detail, but it’s worthwhile. Creating a comprehensive business plan can help you achieve your business goals and secure the funding you need.

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Comment faire un business plan ? Modèle gratuit !

Téléchargez notre modèle vierge de business plan et suivez nos conseils pour bien le remplir !

Vous êtes sur le point de lancer votre projet et cherchez comment faire un business plan ? Découvrez ce qu’est un business plan, pourquoi il est important d’en faire un et notre modèle de business plan gratuit à télécharger (modèle vierge). Suivez nos conseils et exemples pour bien le remplir !

Qu’est-ce qu’un business plan ?

Le business plan (plan d’affaires, en français) est un dossier synthétique qui présente un projet de création ou de reprise d’entreprise, en définissant sa stratégie commerciale et financière. Vous pouvez en quelque sorte le considérer comme un CV ou un “book” destiné à structurer et à vendre votre projet.

La création d’un business plan intervient après les recherches documentaires, la prospection, les études et des démarches que vous avez pu mener en amont comme : 

• Le choix d’une forme juridique pour votre entreprise
• La réalisation d’une étude de marché (ou d’un sondage en ligne )
• L’évaluation de vos ressources et de votre business model (modèle économique)

Pour le réaliser, vous aurez plusieurs choix que nous vous présenterons par la suite, mais vous pouvez aussi utiliser notre modèle de business plan gratuit.

Pourquoi faire un business plan ?

Un business plan vous sert d’abord à vous-même : il permet de structurer votre projet de création d’entreprise et de mettre à plat vos idées. Il n’est pas obligatoire. Vous n’êtes donc pas contraint de vous coller à sa conception, assez chronophage.

Dans certains cas de figure, le business plan ne présente pas vraiment d’intérêt. Par exemple, si vous venez de créer votre micro-entreprise et vendez une prestation de  services depuis votre domicile, un business plan se révélera sûrement inutile. À l’inverse, ce document nous paraît incontournable si vous souhaitez créer une boutique en ligne , par exemple ou bien ouvrir un restaurant.

Rappelez-vous : il s’agit aussi d’un outil de communication. Voici quelques exemples concrets pour lesquels on risque fort de vous demander un business plan : 

• lorsque vous désirez ouvrir un compte ou obtenir un prêt bancaire ou un autre financement ;
• lorsque vous recherchez des fournisseurs ;
• lorsque vous comptez vous associer et/ou trouver des partenaires ;
• lorsque vous souhaitez lever des fonds.

Concernant ce dernier point, on peut penser à une start-up qui se lance, souhaite financer son développement et/ou accélérer sa croissance. Faire un business plan doit permettre à l’investisseur de savoir s’il peut s’engager avec elle. Va-t-il y trouver son compte ? Est-ce un projet rentable ? Quels risques prend-il en investissant avec cette startup ?  Un business plan est là pour le séduire et le convaincre. Mais c’est également un outil qui doit inspirer confiance et rassurer sur l’équilibre financier de votre projet, mais aussi et surtout sur les perspectives de bénéfices.

Le business plan a aussi une utilité en interne. Grâce à lui, votre entreprise peut contrôler le pilotage de certaines opérations, tester différentes hypothèses, et réajuster au besoin en le mettant à jour, puisqu’il fournit un cadre de comparaison (ce dont vous manquez cruellement à votre lancement).

Enfin, si vous souhaitez reprendre un commerce ou une entreprise, vous pouvez aussi mettre sur pied un business plan. La trame de base est la même que pour un projet de création d’entreprise, sauf que vous devez aussi intégrer des éléments spécifiques sur l’entreprise que vous allez racheter (ex : historique, clientèle, produits, bilan financier etc.).

Modèle de business plan gratuit et conseils pour le remplir

Les modèles de business plan télécharger.

Vous êtes ici pour ça, donc ne faisons pas durer le suspense. Vous trouverez ci-dessous un modèle de business plan vierge à télécharger gratuitement. Nous l’avons décliné sous plusieurs formats, en fonction de vos besoins :

• Modèle de business plan gratuit word téléchargeable ici
• Modèle de business plan gratuit powerpoint (en cours de création)

Le format Word est idéal pour réaliser un business plan simplifié. Il vous suffira de remplir les différentes parties en suivants nos conseils et en l’adaptant au business d’un food-truck.

Nous vous fournissons uniquement le modèle Word, mais sachez que certains acteurs comme par exemple Créer-mon-business-plan fournissent des modèles beaucoup plus complets pour quelques dizaines d’euros qui vous permettront de recevoir à la fois un modèle Word et un outil Excel pour simuler les projections financières de votre projet de food-truck, ainsi que de l’aide pour le remplir.

Enfin, certains cherchent un modèle de business plan en PDF. Aucun intérêt à notre avis, il sera beaucoup plus facile de le modifier sous Word et d’en télécharger ensuite une version finalisée en PDF.

Exemple de trame du business plan

Le modèle de business plan que nous vous fournissons gratuitement intègre la trame suivante :

C’est un bon exemple de business plan simple et une trame relativement classique, que vous pouvez adapter développer certaines catégories ou au contraire en passer certaines sous silence, selon votre projet.

Nos conseils pour un business plan simple et efficace

Maintenant que vous avez en tête la structure et les éléments incontournables du business plan, il est temps de vous livrer quelques conseils pour concevoir un business plan simple et efficace. Ces conseils valent que vous utilisiez notre modèle ou non.

• Misez sur la clarté et la simplicité. N’en faites pas trop, en particulier si vous présentez un projet avec beaucoup de jargon technique. Mettez-vous toujours à la place de votre lecteur et n’entrez pas trop dans les détails. Adressez-vous à lui avec ses mots.
• Pensez à faire concis et synthétique . Il n’y a pas de règle préétablie sur le sujet, mais on estime qu’un business plan ne devrait pas contenir de 20 à 25 pages. 
• Aérez votre texte en faisant des paragraphes et organisez vos idées avec des parties et des sous-parties regroupées au sein d’un sommaire.
• Ajoutez des visuels lorsque c’est pertinent (ex : diagrammes, graphiques, images)
• Faites-vous relire . Il n’y a rien de pire que de se retrouver à parcourir un document truffé de fautes d’orthographes. Soyez vigilant là-dessus !
• Pensez aussi aux annexes . Elles vous permettent de joindre des documents complémentaires sans alourdir le coeur de votre business plan.
• Etayez votre propos en citant vos sources . Expliquez tous vos calculs et tableaux de chiffres. Justifiez tout ce que vous avancez, en particulier vos projections financières. 

Rappelez-vous, l’objectif du business plan est de convaincre votre interlocuteur, alors produisez un document sérieux et béton, qui ne laisse aucune place au doute. 

4 erreurs à ne pas commettre dans votre business plan

Que vous utilisiez notre modèle de business plan ou non, voici les 4 principales erreurs à éviter lors de la rédaction de votre plan d’affaires :

• Bâcler la forme du business plan
• Mal présenter l’équipe
• Ne pas être exhaustif dans l’étude de marché et de la concurrence
• Négliger le modèle économique et la stratégie commerciale

Comment faire un business plan ?

Les différentes parties.

Chaque business plan est propre à chaque projet. Si sa structure et sa présentation peuvent varier, il doit néanmoins comporter des éléments essentiels que l’on a regroupés en 2 grands domaines (+ 1 bonus) :

• La présentation de votre projet et de votre entreprise : c’est le modèle de business plan que nous vous avons fourni
• Les projections financières : en général un fichier excel

La présentation de votre projet et de votre entreprise 

Dans cette partie du modèle de business plan, vous allez notamment expliquer les modalités opérationnelles de votre business plan en suivant une trame : 

• Le statut de votre entreprise : date de création, forme juridique, nombre d’actionnaires, composition du capital etc.
• Qui vous êtes, les membres de votre équipe et vos associés : parcours, compétences, expérience. Expliquez qui fait quoi au sein de l’entreprise, tout en démontrant que vous disposez de l’ensemble des compétences nécessaires à la réussite de l’activité.
• Une synthèse de votre étude de marché . Elle contient la présentation du produit ou du service que vous souhaitez vendre, votre politique de prix, vos concurrents, le marché que vous souhaitez attaquer, vos avantages concurrentiels etc.
• Une présentation de votre business model .
• Votre stratégie et plan d’action . En premier lieu, on pense à la stratégie commerciale, qui doit présenter vos objectifs en termes de chiffre d’affaires et de croissance. Mais aussi au marketing, à la communication, à la distribution, ou encore à la gestion des ressources humaines.

Tous ces éléments sont bien évidemment inclus dans le business plan gratuit que nous vous avons fourni.

Les projections financières

C’est grâce à toutes ces projections financières que vous allez pouvoir démontrer à vos interlocuteurs la faisabilité et la solidité économique de votre projet. Votre business plan doit notamment contenir les éléments suivants : 

• Le compte de résultat prévisionnel . Il s’agit d’un des éléments-clés de votre plan d’affaires. Ce compte de résultat se présente sous la forme d’un tableau financier. Il doit déterminer le degré de rentabilité de votre entreprise, en démontrant que votre chiffre d’affaires à venir couvrira vos dépenses (charges). Les projections se font souvent sur les trois premières années d’existence de l’entreprise.
• Le seuil de rentabilité : il s’agit du chiffre d’affaires minimum à partir duquel l’activité d’une entreprise devient rentable.
• Le tableau ou plan de trésorerie : établi mensuellement, il présente les encaissements et les décaissements prévus au cours de la première année d’activité de l’entreprise.
• La capacité de financement , c’est-à-dire tous les capitaux et les sources de financement qui permettent de lancer le projet (ex : fonds propres, aides etc.).
• Le plan de financement à trois ans : il détaille vos besoins en financement sur les trois premières années d’activité. Il permet de vérifier que votre entreprise sera pérenne dans le temps.
• Le besoin en fonds de roulement (BFR) . Le BFR correspond aux sommes d’argent dépensées par l’entreprise au lancement de son activité et qu’elle ne pourra récupérer qu’après l’encaissement du paiement de ses premières factures.

Si la partie présentation de l’entreprise est assez facile à remplir, comme vous pouvez le voir dans l’exemple de business plan que nous vous avons fourni gratuitement, la partie financière est plus complexe. Pour cette partie, nous vous recommandons de vous faire accompagner.

Bonus : l’executive summary

L’executive summary – résumé opérationnel, en français – est un teaser d’une à deux pages qui doit donner envie de lire la suite de votre business plan et de découvrir votre projet. Il se place au début d’un plan d’affaires et doit mettre en avant de façon synthétique les informations les plus importantes :

• Votre projet et les problèmes qu’il résout
• Votre stratégie
• Votre offre avec votre avantage concurrentiel
• Votre business model
• Votre marché etc.

Vous disposerez ainsi d’une vision globale de tous les éléments à mettre en avant, ce qui vous facilitera la tâche.

Faire un business plan : quelles sont vos options ?

Plusieurs options s’offrent à vous pour réaliser un business plan : le faire vous-même sans aide tierce, utiliser un logiciel en ligne, ou faire appel aux services d’un professionnel. Chaque solution présente des avantages et des inconvénients.

Option n°1 : faire votre business plan gratuitement (mais vous-même)

Première possibilité pour faire votre business plan : vous y coller seul, sans l’aide d’un logiciel ou d’un professionnel. Pour cela, vous pouvez partir de notre modèle de business plan gratuit et vierge, ou bien d’un modèle de business plan déjà pré-rempli pour certains secteurs. En fonction de vos besoins, utilisez le format Excel, PDF et PowerPoint. 

Créer son business plan en partant de zéro présente d’abord un avantage financier. Vous n’avez aucun frais à prévoir si vous choisissez un modèle de business plan gratuit. Cette solution est idéale pour les entreprises aux budgets serrés, mais elle présente un autre avantage non négligeable : cela vous force à réfléchir en profondeur sur votre projet de création d’entreprise. Par contre, préparez-vous à y passer du temps. La conception d’un business plan est chronophage et peut se révéler fastidieuse, surtout lorsque l’on attaque les prévisions financières.

Notez enfin que certains acteurs (comme Créer-mon-business-plan par exemple), proposent à la fois des modèles de business plan payants à télécharger et la possibilité de le réaliser en ligne. Comptez quelques dizaines d’euros pour un modèle de business plan thématisé (c’est à dire adapté à votre secteur), ce qui à notre avis peut valoir le coup pour éviter de repartir de notre modèle de business plan vierge :

• Choix parmi des dizaines de modèles de business plan
• Business plan au format Word de 10 à 20 pages
• Exemples de textes fournis tout à long du modèle
• Volet financier au formt Excel.

C’est donc un bon compromis entre le business plan gratuit et l’accompagnement (en ligne ou par un professionnel).

Option n°2 : faire son business plan en ligne

La deuxième option consiste à se faire accompagner un peu plus en réalisant son business plan en ligne , à l’aide d’un logiciel dédié. De nombreux sites sont en concurrence sur le marché.

Voici les avantages à utiliser un outil en ligne : 

• Vous disposez de modèles de business plans payants prêts à l’emploi, adaptés à différents corps de métiers.
• Tous les modèles sont centralisés sur la même interface : vous gagnez du temps dans le processus de création. On vous aide à mettre en forme le document, à créer le prévisionnel financier etc.
• Pas besoin d’avoir de connaissances en comptabilité.
• Vous pouvez bénéficier de ressources complémentaires pour concevoir votre plan d’affaires, comme un accompagnement en ligne avec un conseiller.
• Certains logiciels de business plan sont gratuits.

En ce qui concerne les inconvénients, ces modèles de business plan ne sont pas gratuits (mais ils sont complets). Ensuite, en fonction du logiciel que vous choisirez, vous n’aurez pas le droit à du conseil et vous ne pourrez pas déléguer la partie rédactionnelle. Il faudra quand même consacrer du temps pour l’écriture et avoir un minimum de bases pour élaborer votre business plan. Ceci-dit, ces logiciels fournissent de nombreux conseils et des exemples de business plan pour vous aider à remplir le vôtre de manière efficace.

Option n°3 : passer par un professionnel

Si vous cherchez de l’aide pour faire votre plan d’affaires personnalisé sans utiliser un modèle de business plan, rien ne vous empêche de vous attacher les services d’un professionnel. On pense notamment aux professionnels suivants :

• L’expert-comptable local
• L’expert-comptable en ligne
• Les experts et consultants en business plan (ex : les spécialistes de la fiscalité, les avocats d’affaire).

Grâce à un professionnel du business plan, vous vous assurez de gagner du temps et disposez des conseils et du savoir-faire d’un expert. On le recommande en particulier aux projets complexes qui font appel à de nombreuses donnés financières.

Par contre, ce genre de service implique un coût financier plus important qu’avec un logiciel en ligne. Sans compter que vous risquez quand même de devoir collaborer à la partie descriptive du document. Un expert saura parfaitement jouer avec les chiffres, mais il aura besoin de vous pour comprendre la genèse de votre projet ainsi que tous les tenants et aboutissants.

Au cours de vos recherches, pensez aussi à vous rapprocher des structures d’accompagnement de créateurs, de certaines legaltech , des Chambres de commerce et d’industrie ( CCI ), ou encore des Chambres de métiers et de l’artisanat ( CMA ).  Ces différents organismes professionnels proposent souvent des formations et ateliers autour du business plan et pourront vous accompagner dans la construction de votre plan d’affaires.

Au final, quelle que soit la méthode choisie, gardez bien cela en tête : comme le dit l’expression, “on n’a qu’une seule chance de faire bonne impression.” Alors appliquez-vous, et utilisez nos conseils pour réaliser un business plan solide !

Combien coûte un business plan ?

Le coût d’une business plan dépend de l’option que vous allez choisir. Si vous vous utilisez notre business plan gratuit, vous n’y passerez que du temps. Si vous choisissez un modèle payant, vous en aurez pour entre 50 et 100€ environ. Si vous optez pour un logiciel de business plan en ligne , les prix varient d’une solution à l’autre.

La solution la moins économique consiste à passer par un professionnel. Les tarifs dépendent de la complexité et de la technicité du projet. Pour vous donner un ordre d’idées, on a recensé des tarifs partant de 300€ et pouvant aller jusqu’à 4 000€.

Un business plan gratuit, c’est possible ?

Faire un business plan gratuitement, oui, c’est possible en utilisant un modèle de business plan et en y passant du temps, ou bien via certains organismes comme la CCI.

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How to Write a Great Business Plan

• William A. Sahlman

Every seasoned investor knows that detailed financial projections for a new company are an act of imagination. Nevertheless, most business plans pour far too much ink on the numbers–and far too little on the information that really matters. Why? William Sahlman suggests that a great business plan is one that focuses on a series of questions. These questions relate to the four factors critical to the success of every new venture: the people, the opportunity, the context, and the possibilities for both risk and reward. The questions about people revolve around three issues: What do they know? Whom do they know? and How well are they known? As for opportunity, the plan should focus on two questions: Is the market for the venture’s product or service large or rapidly growing (or preferably both)? and Is the industry structurally attractive? Then, in addition to demonstrating an understanding of the context in which their venture will operate, entrepreneurs should make clear how they will respond when that context inevitably changes. Finally, the plan should look unflinchingly at the risks the new venture faces, giving would-be backers a realistic idea of what magnitude of reward they can expect and when they can expect it. A great business plan is not easy to compose, Sahlman acknowledges, largely because most entrepreneurs are wild-eyed optimists. But one that asks the right questions is a powerful tool. A better deal, not to mention a better shot at success, awaits entrepreneurs who use it.

Which information belongs—and which doesn’t—may surprise you.

Few areas of business attract as much attention as new ventures, and few aspects of new-venture creation attract as much attention as the business plan. Countless books and articles in the popular press dissect the topic. A growing number of annual business-plan contests are springing up across the United States and, increasingly, in other countries. Both graduate and undergraduate schools devote entire courses to the subject. Indeed, judging by all the hoopla surrounding business plans, you would think that the only things standing between a would-be entrepreneur and spectacular success are glossy five-color charts, a bundle of meticulous-looking spreadsheets, and a decade of month-by-month financial projections.

• William A. Sahlman is the Dimitri V. D’Arbeloff-MBA Class of 1955 Professor of Business Administration at the Harvard Business School.

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Top 10 des meilleurs logiciels de Business Plan [Gratuits & Payants]

La rédaction du business plan est sans doute l’une des étapes les moins enthousiasmantes pour un entrepreneur web. Et pourtant, le business plan sert de feuille de route détaillée pour la création, le développement ou la croissance d’une entreprise. Il faut en passer par là que ce soit pour vérifier la faisabilité de votre projet ou pour convaincre vos partenaires financiers (banques, investisseurs). De la même façon qu’un cahier des charges ( cahier des charges fonctionnel et cahier des charges technique ).

Il existe depuis quelques années des logiciels de business plan, c’est-à-dire des services accessibles sur le web qui vous aident à construire, structurer et rédiger votre business plan. Bonne nouvelle, non ?

Nous allons voir ce que proposent ces outils avant de vous présenter les 10 meilleurs logiciels de Business Plan du marché : 5 payants et 5 gratuits.

Pourquoi utiliser un logiciel business plan ?

Les logiciels de business plan vous permettent de rédiger votre plan d’affaires de façon professionnelle, rapide et économique. Comme un retroplanning , créer un business plan à partir d’un tableur Excel est tout à fait possible. Toutefois, c’est particulièrement long et cela demande une certaine pratique.

C’est un moment important dans la gestion de votre projet . Aussi bien pour une TPE, une PME ou un freelance qui souhaite se lancer. Vous pouvez également faire appel à un cabinet comptable, ou à un consultant spécialisé, pour déléguer ou être accompagné dans la conception de votre business plan, mais les honoraires facturés sont considérables.

Les logiciels de Business plan vous évitent ces pertes de temps sur Excel, ainsi que de consacrer un budget élevé pour cette tâche avant même de démarrer votre projet d’entreprise.

Voici les principales fonctionnalités que vous pouvez retrouver dans la plupart des outils de Business plan :

• Guide de rédaction et modèles prédéfinis pour ne rien oublier
• Réalisation de prévisionnels financiers
• Mise en forme professionnelle de votre business plan prêt à être soumis à vos partenaires financiers

Avec ces outils vous pouvez élaborer très facilement un business plan convaincant.

Créer mon business plan.fr

CréerMonBusinessPlan.fr propose un logiciel de business plan en ligne gratuit qui permet de rédiger un plan d’affaires sans failles accompagné de simulations financières. Vous disposez de 84 modèles pré-enregistrés pour différents secteurs d’activité, afin de produire un business plan cohérent avec votre projet.

Ce logiciel accompagne les entrepreneurs et autres, du démarrage à la fin de la rédaction de votre business plan afin de n’oublier aucun élément. De fait, vous disposez d’un document professionnel qui retiendra l’attention de votre banquier et de vos investisseurs.

Avantages :

• Création d’un business plan complet
• Modèles adaptés à de nombreux secteurs d’activité avec des données recommandées en fonction de votre domaine
• Business plan personnalisable

Inconvénients :

• Absence d’outils d’analyse permettant de mesurer les risques potentiels et les erreurs dans votre plan d’affaires

Découvrez Créer mon business plan.fr

Previ’start

Previ-start est un logiciel de business plan gratuit conçu pour les dirigeants des entreprises et de startups. Il vous permet d’éditer tous les tableaux financiers de votre business plan. Le logiciel vous guide de A à Z. Vous commencez par renseigner votre activité ou par choisir un modèle d’activité. Previ’start vous calcule les ratios de votre secteur.

Vous pouvez ensuite renseigner vos données prévisionnelles/réelles dans les différents tableaux personnalisables proposés dans l’interface (chiffre d’affaires et charges).

Previ’start produit ensuite automatiquement vos calculs financiers et sociaux, sur la base des données renseignées manuellement dans vos tableaux.

Tous vos tableaux sont exportables en Word, PDF ou Excel de 1 à 5 ans. Vous pouvez utiliser les tableaux de bord standards proposés par le logiciel ou bien créer vos propres tableaux de bord sur mesure.

Previ’start est accessible 90 jours pour 29 euros. Cette version vous permet de commencer à utiliser le logiciel sans engagement. Si vous souhaitez poursuivre, Previ’start propose une formule à 129€ par an. Signalons pour terminer que Previ-start offre une période d’essai gratuit à tous ses clients.

• Une interface d’utilisation à la fois simple, moderne et complète.
• Des tableaux de bord sur l’étagère nombreux et variés.
• L’automatisation des calculs financiers et sociaux.
• Une très bonne gestion de la sécurité (SSL, FireWall, double authentification, cryptage, serveurs basés en France…).
• Un support client aux petits soins.
• Des tarifs légèrement supérieurs à la moyenne du marché

Découvrez Previ’start

The Business Plan Shop

The Business Plan Shop propose un modèle de business plan à télécharger gratuitement afin de faire une présentation power point de votre plan d’affaires, ainsi qu’un outil qui vous permet de créer votre business plan en ligne sur-mesure.

Les exemples et les instructions donnés étape après étape vous guident de A à Z dans la conception complète de votre business plan. Le fichier obtenu sera téléchargeable sous format word ou pdf.

Une version gratuite de 7 jours vous permet de commencer à créer votre business plan. Si vous êtes convaincu par The Business plan shop, et que vous souhaitez prolonger votre utilisation, vous devez souscrire à un abonnement mensuel de 25€ / mois pour un usage ponctuel et limité dans le temps, ou alors à un abonnement annuel à 13,75€ / mois.

• Facile d’utilisation
• Guides tutoriels étapes par étapes
• Les tarifs sont abordables
• Export du business plan sous de nombreux formats (Word, PDF, etc…)
• Pas d’analyse des conséquences de différents scénarios
• Pas d’analyse des axes à améliorer

Découvrez The Business Plan Shop

Fisy met à votre disposition un modèle de prévisionnel financier personnalisable totalement gratuit . Ce prévisionnel vous servira de base et d’illustration chiffrée pour concevoir votre business plan. Les formules pré-enregistrées peuvent être adaptées selon vos besoins. Il s’agit d’un outil particulièrement facile à utiliser et à modifier.

• Modèle financier totalement personnalisable et fiable
• Facile à utiliser
• Pas d’accompagnement pour la rédaction du business plan
• Rédaction de la partie financière du business plan uniquement
• Pas d’analyse des conséquences de certains scénarios, ni d’informations sur de possibles axes d’amélioration

Découvrez Fisy

Le logiciel de gestion de projet de référence pour les TPE/PME

GESTION DE PROJET

GESTION DES TACHES

CCI Business Builder

Développé par la Chambre du Commerce et de l’Industrie, CCI Business Builder est plus qu’un logiciel de business plan . Il se présente sous la forme d’un assistant gratuit en ligne qui vous aiguille sur chaque étape de la création de votre entreprise.

Non seulement vous pouvez l’utiliser pour créer votre business plan, mais également pour faire votre étude de marché, choisir votre forme juridique, et préparer vos demandes de financements, etc… Vous avez accès à de nombreuses ressources, et à des conseillers prêts à répondre à vos interrogations pour vous guider dans la création de votre entreprise.

CCI Business Builder vous permet de créer un prévisionnel financier entièrement personnalisé afin d’appuyer votre plan d’affaires de données chiffrées.

Avec cet assistant de création d’entreprise complet, aucune information essentielle ne manquera à votre dossier de financement et à votre business plan.

• Outil complet pour créer votre entreprise
• Possibilité d’accompagnement de la part d’un conseiller de la CCI
• Accès à un réseau de partenaires financiers
• L’accompagnement par un conseiller est payant (mais peut bénéficier d’une prise en charge par des collectivités territoriales par exemple)

Découvrez CCI Business Builder

MindView est un logiciel de Business plan qui vous guide entièrement vers la réalisation d’un plan d’affaires auquel votre banque et vos futurs partenaires ne trouveront rien à redire .

Avec cet outil complet vous allez pouvoir créer des rapports statistiques, et résumer votre business plan sous la forme d’un diagramme de Gantt, ou sur une ligne de temps afin de démontrer le potentiel de votre projet sur le long terme. Vous délivrez ainsi à vos investisseurs des informations claires et précises.

Vous pourrez obtenir votre business plan sous format Word ou Power Point. Une version d’essai de 30 jours est proposée gratuitement, puis vous pourrez souscrire à un abonnement avec engagement annuel à partir de 16,50€/mois.

• Possibilité de synthétiser votre business plan en diagramme de Gantt ou en ligne de temps
• Possibilité d’obtenir votre business plan sous Word ou Power Point
• Analyse des axes à améliorer
• Richesse des fonctionnalités disponibles (modèles, analyses, statistiques…)
• Disponibilité d’un SAV
• 30 jours d’essai gratuits
• Abonnement avec engagement d’un an minimum
• Nécessité de retoucher le document Word obtenu pour une mise en page convenable

Découvrez MindView

Live Plan est un outil de business plan américain très connu et réputé pour l’exhaustivité de ses fonctionnalités . Avec Live Plan vous avez la possibilité de créer un business plan illustré non seulement de graphiques, mais aussi d’infographies qui dynamisent la présentation de votre offre et de vos données financières.

Son interface permet de mesurer en temps réel vos performances économiques par rapport aux objectifs que vous vous êtes fixés. Le logiciel Live Plan est disponible à partir de 15$ /mois avec un engagement annuel.

• Logiciel de business plan ultra-complet
• De nombreuses possibilités de présentation et d’illustration adaptées en fonction votre activité
• Capacités d’analyses et d’hypothèses variées afin d’anticiper toutes sortes de situation et de conséquences possibles
• Facile à utiliser (pour les anglophones)
• Logiciel en anglais
• Personnalisation du business plan limitée
• Engagement annuel

Découvrez Live Plan

Pimento Map

Pimento Map est conçu pour valider votre business plan gratuitement. Une fois que vous avez élaboré votre business plan, il vous suffit de répondre aux 18 questions posées sur le site pour obtenir votre « pimento score ». Celui-ci définit la faisabilité de votre projet et vous indique les axes d’amélioration à envisager.

Même s’il ne vous permet pas de créer votre plan d’affaires, avec Pimento Map vous êtes assuré de mettre entre les mains de vos investisseurs un business plan complet et percutant.

• Explication détaillée des points à améliorer
• Évaluation rapide
• Pas de guide ou de modèle pour créer votre business plan

Découvrez Pimento Map

En renseignant les informations de base concernant votre projet, Enloop génère automatiquement votre business plan (en anglais). Une version gratuite vous permet d’obtenir un business plan très simple, sans graphiques ni images. Pour un business plan complet avec des illustrations, et des données chiffrées, vous avez accès à des formules d’abonnement à partir de 19,95$ / mois.

• Création automatique de votre business plan
• Facile à utilisé
• Rapide à configurer et à générer un business plan
• Abonnement nécessaire pour un business plan présentable
• Business plan rédigé en anglais

Découvrez Enloop

BPI France Création

BPI France Création met à disposition des créateurs d’entreprises de nombreuses ressources gratuites qui permettent de s’informer et d’être aiguillé vers une création ou une reprise d’entreprise rentable. L’organisme propose des tableaux financiers réalisés de façon automatique afin de créer plusieurs business plans, et de comparer plusieurs scénarios possibles.

En plus de ce guide à la création de votre plan de financement d’entreprise, vous avez accès aux coordonnées de partenaires locaux publics et privés susceptibles de financer votre création d’entreprise.

• Répertoire de partenaires financiers potentiels
• Plans financiers pré-paramétrés par des experts de la création d’entreprise
• Il ne s’agit pas réellement d’un logiciel de business plan mais plutôt d’une plateforme d’accompagnement pas à pas

Découvrez BPI France Création

Comme vous pouvez le constater, la majorité des outils de business plan possèdent une version d’essai gratuite. N’hésitez pas à en tester plusieurs avant de faire votre choix. Vous pouvez aussi vous diriger vers un modèle business plan gratuit excel , et si le cœur vous en dit, partagez-nous votre retour d’expériences en commentaires.

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How to Make an Ecommerce Business Plan for Your Startup

Darren DeMatas

February 28, 2024

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So you’ve decided that you want to quit your day job and start your very own ecommerce empire. That’s great!

But before you become the next Jeff Bezos  (and definitely before you quit your job!), it’s worth spending some time thinking about a business plan. In this article, we’ll dive into the key elements of an ecommerce business plan, which is very different than writing traditional business plans.

Why You Should Create a Business Plan

We know that starting an ecommerce business is exciting, and it can be tempting to jump right in without constructing a business plan. READ: PLEASE DON’T DO THIS.

If you haven’t put your ideas, questions and concerns on paper, then you haven’t given your business model enough thought .

Taking the time to write a business plan might seem like a lot of work, but it can save you a lot of time and money in the long run by better preparing you for potential challenges and opportunities that you’ll face as a first-time entrepreneur. Think of it as a roadmap for your new business venture.

It’s exciting to start your own ecommerce business. However, you want to be well prepared and not jump into anything without having a solid, foolproof ecommerce business plan in place.

After all, you wouldn’t jump out of a plane without a parachute, so why start a business without a safety device in place? That safety device is your business plan.

The business plan is the brainstorming process that ensures your concept and goals are realistic.

This is more than just mental notes. True business plans take your ideas , questions, and concerns and put those in writing.

As you start creating your business plan, you’ll soon understand that it’s more than a single piece of paper with handwritten details on it. It’s a clearly constructed format of how your business will be created, how it will operate, and what you hope the future holds in terms of a successful ecommerce business.

When you write your business plan, be sure to have a target audience in mind. Are you going to look for investors or put a Kickstarter campaign into motion and use this as your descriptive platform? If so, make sure that your business plan contains everything the audience would want to know about your business (and more!). Many traditional funding solutions require a business plan in order to give you capital. However, there are alternative solutions, such as  Payability  that specialize in ecommerce and don’t require credit checks, a business plan, or any complicated paperwork. They can also get you approved in as little as 24 hours.

When your business plan is completed, you should have achieved the following goals:

• Knowledge:  A greater sense of knowledge of the business aspects.
• Resources:  The resources you’re going to need to make your business successful, such as partners, money, employees, etc.
• Road Map: Have clear set goals to take you from the very beginning of your business and onward.
• Viability: In other words, is your business possible? Will you have enough profit margins to keep the doors open long-term?

Now that you know why you should create a business plan, it’s time to move on to how you can create your business plan and get started putting your ecommerce business into motion.

How to Start an Ecommerce Business Plan

At the very beginning of the planning stages, it’s a good idea to develop a framework for your business model. This business model will continue to evolve as you create each section of your ecommerce business plan, so don’t strive for a perfect completed plan on the first try. You will be making tweaks to the plan of certain steps along the way.

There are many ways to sell products online and different business models  to pursue. Research and learn from successful ecommerce business examples in the market. The exact business model you follow will be one that makes the most sense with your resources, skills, and interests.

In order to create the best online business plan with your product in mind, you need to figure out the following things:

What are you selling?

The first step to creating an online business is to learn the absolute basics of what you can sell.

• Physical products: Clothing , shoes, home goods
• Digital products: Software as a Service products, ecourses, ebooks
• Services: Consulting services, home cleaning

Who are you selling to?

• Business-to-Business (B2B): You are selling to organizations, corporations, and non-profits rather than individual customers
• Business to Consumer (B2C): This means you are selling to individual consumers rather than businesses
• Marketplace: You are acting as a middleman by bringing businesses and (B2B or B2C) customers to one website.

How are you sourcing your product?

• Manufacture in-house: You make your product or service in-house
• Third-party manufacturer: You outsource the manufacturing of your product or service to a third-party manufacturer
• Dropship: You partner with a dropship manufacturer. Basically, this means that they make your product, package it and ship it directly to your customer while your company handles the entire customer relationship.
• Wholesale : You buy goods or services from other companies in bulk and re-sell those products on your online store

Additional References

• Entrepreneurship: Business & Marketing Plans
• Small Business and Entrepreneurship
• Entrepreneurship Resources
• Business Plan Resources

Executive Summary

The executive summary will be written according to your goals, and it’s recommended that this is done at the very end of your business plan completion. This will ensure that you include all of the important factors about your business and present your ideas in a concise and complete way.

Some of the features you’ll include in the executive summary include information showing that you’ve done your research, you have concrete sales forecasts, and the main details about your brand.

Business Model

When you’re figuring out your business model, you have to consider four different areas:

• Monetization strategy
• Product/industry
• Target market
• Sales channel

Monetization Strategy

The monetization strategy delves into the methods you are going to use to sell your products.

This strategy will look at different product monetization methods, including white label, private label , affiliate marketing, wholesale, dropshipping, and even selling ads.

Product/Industry

The product industry section is where you summarize your main niche.

For example, “Vegan Skincare Products.”

Target Market

In the target market section, you will write a sentence or so on who your target market, or ideal customer, is in the community.

If you’re selling vegan skincare products, your target customers might be women who embrace the vegan lifestyle and use natural skincare products in their daily beauty regimen.

Sales Channel

The sales channel refers to where you’re going to sell your products.

For example, you might be selling your products on your own website, and this should be entered in this section.

Business Overview

This next section covers your company overview.

This section of your business plan will cover various features of your company, including the following:

• Company type
• Domain name
• Value proposition
• Brand traits

The brand name section lists your business name or brand name.

This is an extremely important aspect of your business plan as it’s what will set the tone for everything that follows.

Pick a brand name that’s simple yet unique and is something that can be used in a wordplay manner, if desired, but not pun-worthy.

Company Type

The company is how your business operates. For example, you might label your business as an LLC , S-corporation, sole proprietor, or some other type of business organization.

The best way to determine how you should categorize your company is to speak to your accountant. There are various tax and legal aspects to forming your business in a certain way.

Speak with the professionals in the company and corporation formation field to determine how to label your company and which company type best benefits your business in a variety of ways.

Domain Name

This section is where you list your domain name.

Choose a domain name that is memorable and embraces the overall traits and features of your business.

And, when choosing a domain name, be sure to think of SEO aspects when doing so. You’ll find out just how much all of these things tie together and ensure a frequently-visited website is the end result.

Keep in mind that with ecommerce, the domain name is just as important as the brand name. Maybe even more so!

Value Proposition

A value proposition is a short, crisp statement that will gauge how clear your idea is. Write this section as if you had one minute to explain your business to a potential investor or customer and then practice it over and over again.

The value proposition can be used on your ecommerce store as your company description.

Here’s a good example: Say you’re looking to start a hiking company called Atlas Hiking Co. which sells premium performance hiking shirts. A possible company description could be the following:

Atlas Hiking Co. is a lifestyle hiking company that produces high-performance hiking shirts for outdoor lovers. Our proprietary SPF40 fabric is one of the lightest fabrics on the market, providing mountain lovers with maximum comfort, both from a breathability and sun-protection standpoint. Our product is made in the U.S.A. and a portion of our profits are donated to preserve national parks around the country.

Pay special attention to all the sensory words !

The mission statement in your business plan is the “why” of it all.

For example, why you started the business, why you are selling the products you are selling, etc., can all be added to this section of your business plan.

You can make this portion as simple or detailed as you like. Just make sure to properly and clearly explain your business mission.

The vision part of the business plan is your “how” in the grand scheme of things. It is the dream you have for your company and the path you’re going to take to realize that dream.

When you write the vision portion of the business plan, think long-term. What are you hoping to achieve, not just in the near future but for the long haul of the life of your business?

Look into the future and plan out where you see your business in 5, 10, even 20 years from now.

This will help you construct the rest of your business plan if you know where you want your business to head, now and in the future.

Brand Traits

The brand traits section is a short section in your company overview.

Basically, in the brand traits section you’re going to want to list three to five words that describe your brand.

Think of your brand personality and describe it using a few separate powerful words.

The personnel section lists all individuals, including yourself, who will be involved in the daily operations of your business. You can create a separate section for a full operations plan or add that later.

Some business owners choose to handle all duties on their own or with a partner, while others will hire individuals to fill the following roles:

• CEO (usually the business owner)
• Management team
• Customer service/logistics
• PR/Social media specialist
• SEO manager
• Advertising manager

Competitive Market Analysis

Here’s a fact you can bank on: there has never been a successful e-commerce entrepreneur that didn’t understand his/her target market cold.

That’s why this section is one of the most important in the entire business plan. It will force you to understand the industry in which you operate, the overall industry analysis and outlook, the existing competition, and your target customer demographic.

Market Segment

The market segment portion of the business plan will help you to put your ideas down on paper, make them more focused, and get your team together.

This area will include your niche selection, target market, and competitive analysis.

Niche Selection

The niche section  provides an overview of your niche, why you selected it, whether there’s a micro niche included, and the type of niche you’ve chosen.

The purpose of this section is to crystalize the ideas that you have and make sure they are understandable and viable.

The target market section covers an overview of your target market plus describes your market segments.

Ask yourself who your  target customer  is (population size, age, geography, education, ethnicity, income level) and consider whether consumers are comfortable with buying your product category online.

When listing the target market information, make sure to mention your target audience size as this is important for ensuring that your audience will be adequately covered.

Competitive Analysis

With the competitive analysis portion of your market analysis, you want to list your market leader and direct and indirect competitors.

After you mention who these entities are, you need to list the characteristics of each one, such as domain name, business model, monthly traffic, and pricing range.

However, before you even get started in writing this section, you need to spend several hours researching your target market.

Here are some of the most efficient ways to research a particular market:

Industry reports

Google is your best friend. Look for any recent industry reports on your market of choice. This will give you a good sense of how much growth the industry is experiencing, why this growth is happening, and what are the largest customer segments. In our example of Atlas Hiking Co., we should research the outdoor apparel market.

Let’s say that through our research of the outdoor apparel industry, we discovered that there was a huge boom in youth hiking apparel. Perhaps parents were increasingly concerned about their kids’ exposure to UV rays while hiking, so they began to spend more money on their kids. We could use this valuable information to guide our business strategy.

There’s only so much you can read online. Go to a nearby store that sells similar products to yours and interview the store representative. The store rep has interacted with hundreds of interested customers, which can lead to thousands of valuable insights! It’s amazing how these insights can translate into a meaningful business opportunity.

Here’s an example:

If I were going into Billy’s Outdoor Store to research the outdoor apparel market, I would probably ask Billy the following:

• What are your best-selling products?
• What are your worst-selling products?
• Find products similar to yours and ask the representative his/her favorite features on products similar to yours.
• How much are customers generally willing to spend on these types of products?
• Do customers make repeat orders of any of these products?
• Do you get a lot of customers that are looking to buy last-minute hiking gear before they go on a hike?

Competition

Create an Excel spreadsheet of all of your competitors. In your spreadsheet, you should have the following columns:

• Competitor Name
• Price point
• Product Description
• Key Features (e.g., fabric, waterproof, slim fit, etc.)

What is the competition missing? Is there a gap in the offering? Where you can add some additional value?

After conducting the competitor analysis, Atlas Hiking Co. might find that the competition’s hiking shirts offer very few features at a low price point, but no one offers a luxury hiking shirt with additional features at a higher price point.

This is just an example of the types of insights one can gain from market research which can drastically alter your business model.

Keyword Research

By using Google’s keyword planner  and trends pages, you can get a good sense of how in demand your product is and whether it’s trending upward or downward. Google is great for a general idea, just don’t bank on it.

Some other keyword tools you can use for keyword research include Ahrefs, JungleScout, and Viral Launch. Check out this list  for more ideas.

Trade shows

Are there nearby trade shows that you can go to? Again, creating connections with other people in your industry is a surefire shortcut to countless hours of reading on the internet. Trade shows are also a great opportunity to talk to competitors, meet manufacturers, and better understand where things are heading in your industry.

Once you finish researching the relevant industry, you should summarize your findings by answering the following questions:

General Industry

• How big is the overall industry?
• How big is the specific sub-industry in which you intend to operate?
• Where has most of the historic growth in the market come from?
• Why is this the right time to enter this market?
• What are the sub-segments that are poised for future growth (e.g., youth apparel)?
• How crowded is the product category with competition?
• How is your competition distributing its product (online, retail, wholesale, etc.)?
• What’s missing from the competition’s product offering?

Products and Offers

So we know we want to sell hiking shirts, but how do you research specific products?

But for some of us, we’re not quite sure what we should sell. To succeed in online retail, you need a product that is trending upwards in a growing niche.

Different types of products

Some of the different types of products include the following:

• Convenience products: Frequent purchase products, little effort on buying
• Shopping products: Less frequently purchased in between purchases, little more effort and planning, shop around
• Specialty products: Strong brand preference and loyalty, will buy no matter what the price

The various types of niches include the following:

• Hobby niches
• Lifestyle niches
• Problem niches
• Weird/embarrassing niches

Existing products

Come up with detailed specifications for each product or service you intend to sell. If it’s a hiking shirt we’re selling, we would want to have:

• Detailed sketches of the shirt
• Fabric weight, materials, type
• Key features (e.g., pre-shrunk, water-proof, SPF 40)

Future product pipeline

What are other products that you have in the pipeline? Perhaps once you’ve successfully sold hiking shirts, you’re able to leverage your manufacturing relationships to provide hiking socks and shorts. Include that information in this section.

The products and services section will cover the various selling categories of items.

These product offerings will include the following:

• Core product

Each product group will have its own purpose in your sales catalog. For example, tripwire is the product that brings customers to your ecommerce store or online marketplaces  while the core product is your main seller.

Knowing what products you’ll include within each section allows you to have a firm grasp on what your main product will be and how the other types of products will work alongside your main product.

This section will also cover the search volume and Amazon pricing range.

You’ll need to calculate your true costs. You have to make sure you don’t overestimate your margins.

To tabulate your total true costs, you need to write down the costs in the following areas:

• Target price
• Supplier cost of the product
• Total cost per unit
• Net profit per unit
• Profit margin per unit

Once you complete the pricing portion, you’ll have everything on one sheet and readily accessible whenever you need it.

Marketing Plan and Operations

So, now you’ve concluded that you have a great business idea, and it’s in a growing market. That’s fantastic – but how are you going to drive traffic to your ecommerce website and get customers to buy it ? And how much can you afford to spend on your product?

Marketing  is everything. It’s important that your marketing efforts match your business model.

If you have a website and no marketing, your site won’t have any visitors. With no visitors, you will make no sales. Then how do you grow and sell your ecommerce business (if that’s your long-term goal)? Even with the best possible products, nobody will buy them if they aren’t directed to them in some way.

In order to come up with a marketing strategy, you need to first know your customer inside out. You should be able to answer such questions as:

• How old is your customer?
• Where does your customer live?
• What is the population of your customer base?
• What is their education level?
• What is their income level?
• What are your customer’s pain points?

With so many channels to reach your customer, which one is best for you?

Once we know pretty much everything there is to know about our target customer, we can shift focus to our marketing strategy. You want to choose marketing strategies that equal positive conversion rates. What channels should you use to grab the attention of your customer demographic? Some of the key marketing channels include:

Paid Marketing

• Pay-per-click – this online marketing typically involves using Google Shopping campaigns  and managing a product data feed.
• Affiliate sales networks – Allowing other blogs and websites to sell your product for a cut of the revenue. List the different affiliate sale networks that you plan to promote through.
• Facebook ads ⎯ Ads posted on Facebook to draw in buyers through social media means.
• Influencer marketing ⎯ Hiring industry influencers to get the word out about your product through their social media platforms and contacts.

Organic Marketing

• Social media (Facebook, Instagram , Pinterest, etc.): What is your strategy for social media, and where will you dedicate your attention?
• Search Engine Optimization : Create and promote awesome content so people find your product organically through search.
• Content marketing: Figure out how you’ll use content marketing in your business. Consider various article topics that will persuade your target audience to buy your products.
• Blogger networks: could be organic or paid through affiliate sale programs.
• Key bloggers: Develop a list of the key bloggers in your product category. For Atlas Hiking Co., this might be an influencer that blogs about the best hiking trails in America.

Finding the optimal mix of these advertising tools depends 100% on your customer segment as well as your product type. For example, a SaaS product targeting millennials will require an entirely different marketing strategy than an e-commerce physical product targeting baby boomers. Perhaps that should be a post on its own for another day!

How much should you spend to acquire a customer?

In order to understand this, we need first to discuss a concept known as customer lifetime value or LTV. In essence, this is a formula that helps you better understand how much an average customer will spend over time.

Here’s  a good read on how to calculate LTV.

It’s important to remember that for new businesses, you don’t have a lot of data on customer purchase habits so it’s a good idea to be more conservative with your assumptions in calculating LTV.

Let’s say, for Atlas Hiking Co., I determine that the average LTV per customer is $300. This means that over time, the average customer will spend $300. Let’s say, on average, if I receive $300 in revenue, $100 of that will translate to gross profit before I factor in my marketing costs (basically, I’m just subtracting the cost of making the shirts).

Knowing that my gross profit is $100 per shirt is a critical piece of information because it tells me that I can spend up to $100 in marketing to acquire a customer and still be profitable!

Some of the marketing options include social media marketing and content marketing.

Think about your business model and then line up your marketing budget. Your marketing budget may include the following items:

• Sales/branded content
• SEO/blog content
• Facebook/Instagram ads
• Influencer marketing
• Marketing tools
• Niche advertising

Choosing The Right Technology

With so much technology and SaaS products out there, it’s important to understand the various moving parts and diagram how they all integrate with one another.

Some of the different elements include:

• Shopping Cart Platforms  – e.g., Shopify , BigCommerce , WooCommerce , or any open-source platform
• Hosting – Nexcess , BigScoots , Kinsta , WPX
• Payment Processo r – e.g., Stripe, Paypal
• Fulfillment Center – e.g., Amazon, ShipBob
• Apps – e.g., Zipify, BuildWooFunnels, Gelato
• Accounting & Taxes  – e.g., Quicken, Xero
• Marketing Automation – e.g., Klaviyo , Mailchimp
• Marketing Tools – e.g.  Buzzstream, Ahrefs
• Customer Loyalty Programs  – e.g., Antavo, Smile

Come up with a detailed list of the different products and services you need to run your business as well as the monthly and per-transaction cost of each of them. This will be important in understanding the impact of these services on your margins.

Matching your business model to your technology is essential, too. Certain website platforms are better suited for specific sales models.

Email marketing is another type of technology that should be carefully considered and matched up correctly with your business model.

Keep in mind that it takes, on average, 6-7 interactions with a brand before someone makes a purchase, so you need to keep using technology to get them back to your website.

As you explore the technology options and find out ways to draw potential customers in and keep them happy while they’re there, here are some key points to keep in mind:

• What you say about yourself and your products with your website content
• How you respond to questions on live chat and email support
• How to make use of chatbots
• How you connect on social media
• The information you send through email marketing
• What bloggers and influencers say about your brand
• How existing customers review your company
• How you advertise
• How you establish loyalty beyond sales

After you figure out your technology methods, you have to come up with a technology budget.

The business plan must also include the operations side of things. Determine who will be your manufacturer, secondary manufacturer, and shipping and fulfillment  provider.

When looking at supply chain costs and options, ShipBob  is an ecommerce fulfillment provider you can consider.

Financial Plan

When figuring out your financial plan, evaluating and pinpointing your startup costs  is essential.

The focus of the financial plan is how long it will take for you to make your money back. You also need to figure out if you need a business loan .

Traffic and conversion rates will help you determine how long it will be until you start making money back.

You’ll also want to use an income statement to detail financial information.

This section is used for financial projections, such as forecasting sales, expenses, and net income of the business. Ideally, you’ll want to create a monthly Excel balance sheet showing the following:

• Projected revenue:  First, come up with your projected number of units sold and then come up with your projected revenue (Projected Revenue = # of Units Sold * Average Sales Price).
• Fixed expenses:   these are expenses that are fixed no matter how much you sell. Typically, these relate to monthly SaaS subscriptions, employee salaries, or rent.
• Variable expenses  – these expenses change in direct proportion to how much you sell. Common examples include the cost of goods sold and credit card payment processing fees.

This helps business owners better understand what they need to achieve to hit their profit goals. In reality, projections are usually always off the mark, but it’s good to give yourself some measurable goals to strive for.

This section should aim to answer the following questions about your product offering:

• How much product do you need to sell per year to meet your income goals for the business?
• What are the margins on your product? If you sell one hiking shirt for $50, how much do you make after paying your supplier, employees, and marketing costs?
• What is the lifetime value of a customer?
• How much can you spend to acquire customers? If you conservatively project that the average customer will spend $300 over time on your shirts, then you can afford to spend an amount less than $300 to acquire that customer using the paid marketing channels described previously.
• Do you have any big capital expenditures early on that would require you to need to bring in investors?
• Can you improve gross margins by making bigger orders from your suppliers?

There are various acquisition channels that will help your traffic to convert including:

Your revenue plan will contain a 12-month revenue forecast plan to help you map out each month of earnings.

There are different business earning models you can go through to determine how much you can make with your business.

You want to calculate how much traffic costs. This all depends on the methods you use to gain traffic to your site.

As you determine what your profit might be with your ecommerce business  or ecommerce businesses, there are certain math formulas to use:

• The profit equation
• Break-even analysis
• Units needed to achieve the profit target

You should also consider how you will use fintech companies in your ecommerce business.

What are the key elements of an ecommerce business plan?

The main components of an eCommerce business plan include the executive summary, company description, market analysis, organization and management structure, product line or service, marketing and sales strategy, financial projections, and funding request, if applicable.

How do I create a budget for my ecommerce business?

Start by estimating your initial startup costs and ongoing expenses. Consider costs like website development, inventory, marketing, shipping, taxes, and any necessary licenses or permits. It’s also important to factor in a contingency plan for unexpected costs.

How do I find the right product to sell?

Research is fundamental. Look at market trends, customer needs, and competitor products. Use tools like Google Trends or social media platforms to understand what customers are currently interested in. Always consider your passion and knowledge about the product too, as this can drive your business forward.

How can I differentiate my product from competitors?

Differentiation can come from unique product features, superior customer service, better pricing, or a compelling brand story. Understand what your competitors offer and how you can do it differently or better.

Wrapping Up Your Business Plan

Careful planning is crucial to get your e-commerce business from the planning phase to the launch phase and to ensure its successful future.

Going through the exercise of writing a business plan will cement your own understanding of your business and your market. It will also position you to take advantage of lucrative opportunities while mitigating harmful threats to your business down the line.

Your turn! Have you written a business plan for your online store? Do you have anything to add? Tell us about it in the comments below!

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Projet de création d'entreprise : comment faire un business plan

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Personne qui investit de l'argent dans une entreprise innovante à fort potentiel. Elle est expérimentée et apporte des contacts, conseils. Elle espère faire une plus-value.

Autres cas ?

Reprise d’entreprise : bâtir un business plan

Vous avez un projet de création d'entreprise ? Le business plan (ou plan d'affaires) est un document écrit qui présente en détail votre projet de création entreprise. Le business plan sera l'outil pour convaincre les banques et les investisseurs . Nous vous expliquons comment faire un business plan étape par étape .

La démarche par étapes

1 Ce qu'il faut savoir avant de faire votre business plan

À quoi sert le business plan , un guide et un outil vendeur.

Le business plan doit être vendeur , rassurant , c'est-à-dire réaliste.

Vous devez le construire à partir du terrain , de vos recherches et de votre analyse .

Il doit prouver que votre projet de création d'entreprise est sérieux .

Le business plan doit être à la fois synthétique et très précis avec des prévisions chiffrées .

Un outil adapté à chaque investisseur

Votre business plan est l' outil pour convaincre les investisseurs et tous ceux qui soutiendront votre projet.

Il s'adresse donc aux investisseurs suivants :

• Collectivités locales
• Business angels : titleContent
• Futurs associés
• Tous ceux auprès de qui vous cherchez des fonds

À savoir  

En fonction de l'investisseur à qui vous vous adressez, vous mettez certaines informations en avant.

Vous devez donc faire plusieurs versions de votre business plan selon chaque destinataire .

Les étapes du business plan

Le business plan est un document qui se construit en 5 étapes :

• Introduction ou pitch de présentation
• Présentation de votre produit (ou service)
• Présentation de votre business model (appelé aussi stratégie commerciale )
• Votre étude de marché (synthèse)
• Votre prévisionnel financier (synthèse)

2 Préparer un pitch de présentation

À quoi sert un pitch de présentation .

Le pitch de présentation du business plan est aussi appelé executive summary .

Il s'agit de la présentation de votre projet de création d'entreprise.

Il doit être condensé .

Son objectif est de convaincre un interlocuteur.

Vous devez convaincre dans un temps court .

L' objectif de cette synthèse est de prouver :

• Votre capacité à créer et diriger une entreprise
• Votre adéquation avec le projet
• Votre sérieuse préparation du projet
• Si vous êtes plusieurs associés, votre cohésion d'équipe

Il est conseillé de rédiger plusieurs versions de cette présentation selon chaque investisseur à convaincre.

• Pour convaincre un investisseur public, vous insisterez davantage sur le service que vous rendez à la société.
• Pour convaincre un business angel : titleContent , vous insisterez sur le caractère innovant de votre offre.

Ces informations doivent permettre de comprendre quelles sont vos idées , vos valeurs , ce qui vous motive , donc le sens de votre projet .

Si vous êtes plusieurs à porter le projet de création, on doit sentir la cohésion de l' équipe et la complémentarité des membres.

Cette présentation doit prouver votre capacité à créer et diriger une entreprise sur le court et le long terme .

Quel est le contenu du pitch ?

Cette présentation doit permettre de répondre aux questions suivantes  :

• Qui êtes-vous et quels sont les membres de votre équipe (collaborateurs, associés) ?
• Quel est votre projet ? Il s'agit du nom de votre entreprise, sa forme juridique, sa domiciliation, la nature de l'activité, l'histoire du projet.
• Quelle est votre cible ? Il s'agit de montrer que vous avez identifié vos futurs clients.
• Quel est l' environnement ? Il s'agit de montrer que vous avez identifié la concurrence, les contraintes, les risques, les tendances de votre marché, etc.
• Quelles sont vos ambitions de développement ? Il s'agit de montrer que vous avez une vision du projet à court , moyen et long terme .

La présentation du business plan est en partie un résumé de l' étude de marché .

3 Expliquer quel est votre produit ou service

Vous décrivez ce que vous allez vendre .

Cette description doit être précise, concise, claire.

Il faut éviter d'employer des termes trop techniques.

Vous devez être compris par des personnes qui ne connaissent rien à votre domaine d'activité.

Vous pouvez faire des schémas, dessins, etc. pour accompagner cette description du produit.

4 Définir la stratégie marketing ou business model

Qu'est-ce que le business model d'une entreprise .

Vous devez présenter comment vous allez vendre votre produit ou votre service.

Le business model s'appelle de différentes façons : une stratégie marketing , une stratégie commerciale, un " mix-marketing " ou encore un modèle économique .

Le business model de votre entreprise doit répondre aux questions suivantes :

• De quelle façon allez-vous faire la promotion et la publicité de votre entreprise, de votre produit ou service ?
• Quels seront vos tarifs ?
• Quels seront vos fournisseurs ?
• Par qui sera fabriqué votre produit ou service ?
• Quels seront vos canaux de distribution , où sera vendu votre produit ou service (internet, réseaux professionnels, boutiques etc.) ?
• Quelle sera la relation avec vos clients, comment les fidéliser ?
• Où seront stockés vos produits ?
• Quelles seront les pistes de développement de votre activité (internet, national, international, etc.) ?

Avez-vous analysé les contraintes ?

Il s'agit de prévoir ce qui peut freiner votre activité .

Vous devez identifier ce qui peut faire grimper vos coûts : stockage, production, distribution, communication.

• Le cours fluctuant des matières premières influe-t-il sur votre production ?
• Les fournisseurs du secteur ont-ils un monopole ?
• La demande vis-à-vis de votre produit est-elle saisonnière ?

Vous devez prouver que vous avez réfléchi aux solutions suivantes :

• Comment dépasser les contraintes
• Comment faire face à des pertes de bénéfices, à une hausse de vos charges, à de nouveaux concurrents, etc.

5 Rédiger la synthèse de votre étude de marché

L'objectif de l'étude de marché et de sa synthèse est d'expliquer :

• Quels sont vos futurs clients ?
• Quelle plus-value votre produit apporte-t-il sur le marché ?
• Dans quel environnement s'insère votre future activité ?

Nous vous expliquons en détail comment faire une étude de marché dans notre fiche sur l'étude de marché .

6 Rédiger la synthèse du prévisionnel financier

L'objectif d'un prévisionnel financier est de montrer que votre entreprise sera rentable .

Il est aussi appelé plan de financements ou budget prévisionnel .

Le prévisionnel financier (ou budget prévisionnel) fait partie de votre étude de marché. Il s'agit de la dernière partie de votre étude de marché.

Vous devez construire ce budget sur les 3 années à venir .

Vous devez chiffrer :

• Vos charges, les dépenses nécessaires
• Vos recettes (chiffre d'affaires)
• Vos besoins de financements
• Les fluctuations de votre activité et celles du marché

Il se déroule en 4 parties  :

• Compte de résultat
• Plan de financement
• Budget ou plan de trésorerie

Ces 4 parties correspondent à 4 tableaux chiffrés.

Nous vous expliquons en détail les 4 étapes d'un budget prévisionnel dans notre fiche sur l'étude de marché .

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Dans cet article :, créez votre business plan gratuitement .

• Principales caractéristiques du business plan de création d'entreprise
• Composition du business plan de création d'entreprise

Rédiger votre business plan en ligne

Replay webinaire bpifrance création - comment faire son business plan .

Faire un  business plan (ou plan d'affaires) consiste à rédiger un dossier solide de présentation du projet de création d'entreprise. C'est la première concrétisation de votre projet ! Ce travail utile et fructueux vous permettra de mesurer la maturité et le niveau d'aboutissement de votre projet, de vérifier son réalisme et sa rentabilité et surtout de convaincre vos interlocuteurs de vous suivre et vous soutenir : vos proches, vos partenaires, vos fournisseurs et naturellement les financeurs que vous allez solliciter.  "Un bon dossier est un dossier où souffle l'esprit d'entreprise" .

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Principales caractéristiques du business plan de création d'entreprise

Le dossier que vous allez constituer doit permettre au lecteur de :

- comprendre rapidement de quoi il s'agit, à quel besoin répond le produit ou service proposé, - savoir qui en est à l'origine, ses motivations, objectifs et atouts pour le mener à son terme, - évaluer sa valeur et le sérieux de sa préparation, - prendre position sur le projet. 

C'est pourquoi votre dossier doit être 

• Soigné : la première impression étant la bonne pour susciter un intérêt favorable chez le lecteur, votre business plan doit avoir une présentation impeccable.  
• Concis : il n'y a pas véritablement de règles en la matière. Un business plan comporte une dizaine à une trentaine de pages, hors annexes. Pour ne pas alourdir inutilement le dossier, il est judicieux de réunir toutes les pièces justificatives dans un dossier bis. En rédigeant votre business plan, pensez au lecteur ! Ce sera le plus souvent quelqu'un de très occupé et très sollicité. Le meilleur service que vous pouvez lui rendre - c'est de lui faciliter le travail, en lui confiant un document suffisamment synthétique. En effet, un banquier qui doit s'attaquer à la lecture d'un "pavé" commencera, inconsciemment ou pas, par un préjugé défavorable. Il faut donc aller à l'essentiel.  
• Complet : faire court, mais sans rien oublier de ce qui permet de juger de la faisabilité et de la viabilité du projet. Tous ces aspects doivent donc être traités dans votre business plan (voir plus loin "la composition du dossier").  
• Clair : il doit être rédigé dans un style simple et facilement compréhensible. Mettez-vous à la place d'un lecteur non initié en évitant tout jargon. Le texte doit avoir une bonne lisibilité (choix judicieux des caractères d'impression et des symboles, de la mise en page, etc.) avec une pagination correcte et un sommaire.  
• Bien structuré : il doit être ordonnancé de façon logique dans sa décomposition en parties et sous-parties. Les titres donnés aux chapitres doivent aider le lecteur dans l'appréhension de l'ensemble du sujet.  
• Précis : pour être crédible, il ne faut affirmer que des choses vérifiables. Soyez attentif à citer vos sources d'informations : références d'ouvrages ou d'études, coupures de presse, identité de l'expert dont vous rapportez les propos, etc. Faites figurer dans le dossier d'annexes, un maximum de justificatifs : copies d'articles, comptes rendus de conversations ou d'entretiens téléphoniques, ou des lettres que vous aurez demandée et su obtenir de l'expert pour qu'il confirme ses dires, etc.  
• Vendeur :  il s'agit de rester dans une teneur crédible, mais le dossier doit mettre en valeur les données essentielles du projet et plus particulièrement ses points forts. Ainsi les arguments développés, mis en caractères gras ou soulignés au moment où ils sont énoncés, seront repris en synthèse de chaque chapitre ou partie du dossier les concernant, de façon à influencer le lecteur et l'aider à structurer favorablement sa perception du projet.  
• Et n'hésitez pas à l'illustrer avec des photos et/ou vidéos de l'équipe, de vos produits et services, etc.

Composition du business plan de création d'entreprise

Il n'y a pas de règle absolue dans la présentation du contenu du business plan de création d'entreprise . Ce qui est important, c'est de respecter une certaine logique. Quel que soit l'ordre retenu, vous devrez y faire figurer les points ci-dessous. D'autres éléments pourraient être ajoutés pour des projets plus conséquents. 

1- L'executive summary Votre business plan doit s'ouvrir sur une présentation synthétique et "vendeuse" de votre projet. Cette présentation, qui ne doit pas dépasser une ou deux pages doit donner envie à votre interlocuteur de poursuivre sa lecture et de s'intéresser à votre projet. Pour cela, il doit comprendre immédiatement de quoi il est question. C'est "l'instant de découverte". Pesez vos mots, pour susciter l'intérêt du lecteur et l'inciter à poursuivre la lecture au-delà de l'executive summary !

2 - Vous et votre équipe La présentation du porteur de projet (c'est-à-dire vous) ou de l'équipe fondatrice doit se faire avec le même soin que la rédaction d'un CV d'embauche, en faisant valoir tout ce qui, dans votre expérience passée, se rattache de façon valorisante au projet en question. Cette présentation doit être "punchy". Dans certains projets, la personnalité du créateur ou la présentation de l'équipe est tout aussi importante que le projet en tant que tel. Et si vous êtes plusieurs, insistez sur la complémentarité de l'équipe !

3 - La présentation générale du projet de création d'entreprise Vous pouvez à ce stade parler de la genèse de votre projet : comment et pourquoi l'idée vous est venue ? Quelles sont les motivations qui vous poussent à vous lancer dans la création de cette entreprise ? Quels sont les objectifs que vous poursuivez ? Quels sont vos atouts pour sa réussite ?

4 - La partie économique du business plan Elle comporte plusieurs parties : - Une présentation du ou des produits et services que vous allez proposer. Attention à être compréhensible ! Évitez le jargon propre à votre profession ! - Une présentation du modèle économique (ou business model ) que vous allez adopter : décrivez comment l'entreprise délivre et partage de la valeur à destination de l'ensemble des parties prenantes. Pour en savoir plus sur  les différences entre le business plan et le business model . - Les conclusions de votre étude de marché : expliquez quel est le marché dans lequel vous vous situez, détaillez les caractéristiques des clients potentiels, indiquez quels sont vos concurrents directs ou indirects, exposez les éventuels risques liés à votre environnement économico-juridico-socio-professionnel, etc. - La  stratégie commerciale   que vous avez retenue pour vous insérer dans votre marché et développer votre activité : la segmentation opérée du marché, le choix du couple produit/marché, le positionnement retenu par rapport à la concurrence, ainsi que les décisions de mix marketing que vous avez prises (politique de produit, de prix, de distribution et de communication). - L'estimation du chiffre d'affaires prévisionnel , en vous appuyant le plus possible sur des éléments tangibles. - Les moyens à mettre en œuvre pour réaliser vos prévisions de vente : expliquez concrètement comment va fonctionner l'entreprise avec quoi et avec qui ? La rédaction de ce paragraphe doit être l'occasion de visualiser le futur marché de l'entreprise, en décomposant le processus de fonctionnement et en mettant en parallèle les équipements, les effectifs et les autres moyens, notamment incorporels, nécessaires.

5 - La partie financière du business plan  Elle comporte tous les éléments qui traduisent en termes financiers la partie économique . Sa composition dépendra naturellement du secteur d'activité et du potentiel de développement de votre projet. À titre indicatif, pour convaincre un investisseur, voici les éléments financiers que l'on retrouve fréquemment dans un business plan : - Le tableau des investissements : il indique le prix d'achat des investissements, leur date prévue d'acquisition, la durée d'amortissement comptable et la dotation annuelle d'amortissements qu'ils entraînent pour chacun des trois premiers exercices. - Le plan de financement initial : il indique les capitaux à réunir pour pouvoir lancer le projet dans de bonnes conditions. Afin de recenser correctement tous les besoins durables de financement (pour mettre en regard les ressources financières durables nécessaires), une analyse et un calcul approfondi doivent être menés pour déterminer correctement le montant du besoin en fonds de roulement . - Le compte de résultat pour les trois premières années : il permet de juger de la rentabilité future de la nouvelle entreprise. - Le plan de trésorerie sur 12 mois : ce tableau permet, sur une période relativement courte, de s'assurer que la nouvelle entreprise pourra toujours, sur la base de ce que l'on peut raisonnablement prévoir, faire face à ses engagements financiers. - Le calcul du seuil de rentabilité : il est important de connaître le chiffre d'affaires que l'entreprise devra impérativement réaliser pour couvrir l'ensemble de ses charges, et de déterminer le moment où ce seuil (point mort) sera atteint. Au-delà l'entreprise commence à faire des bénéfices. - Le plan de financement à trois ans : ce tableau est nécessaire pour apprécier l'évolution prévisionnelle de la structure financière de l'entreprise à moyen terme, car une bonne structure financière est une des conditions de pérennisation des nouvelles entreprises. - Le tableau des annuités de crédit (s'il y a emprunt à moyen ou long terme) : connaître la décomposition des remboursements d'emprunt est nécessaire pour alimenter le compte de résultat (charges financières) et le plan de financement à 3 ans (remboursement du capital emprunté).

6 -  La partie juridique  du business plan La présentation du régime juridique de la nouvelle entreprise doit servir à expliquer et justifier le choix retenu, à présenter la répartition du capital et des pouvoirs en découlant. En savoir plus sur le choix de la structure juridique

7 - Le sommaire A ne pas oublier pour faciliter la lecture du business plan ! Il est généralement placé en début de dossier, avant ou après l'executive summary.

8 - La partie documentaire Cette partie doit faire l'objet d'un dossier à part pour réunir toutes les pièces justificatives et ne pas alourdir le business plan.

Bpifrance Création met à votre disposition des outils pour vous aider dans la rédaction de votre business plan :

• Une application gratuite "Mon business plan" pour construire son business plan en ligne ( Pass Cap Créa ).
• Un modèle de business plan à télécharger et son  mode d'emploi pour vous aider à le remplir.

Ce webinaire qui s'est tenu le jeudi 25 mars 2021 avait pour objectifs de vous présenter notre outil gratuit de business plan en ligne et de vous donner des conseils pratiques pour l'élaboration de votre business plan de création d'entreprise en répondant aux questions suivantes : 

• Pourquoi faire un business plan ? 
• Pour qui faire un business plan ? 
• Quels sont les éléments indispensables à mettre dans un business plan ? 
• Quelles différences entre business plan et business model ?
• Qui peut vous accompagner à faire un business plan ?
• Consultez le replay : comment faire son business plan ?

• Téléchargez  le support de présentation  (Maj 26/03/2021)

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Avec Mon Pass Créa, j’arrive avec une idée, je pars avec une entreprise !

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