research article about engineering

Engineering

Spiderweb Thread Inspires Ultrasmall Microphones

Sound recording could take a cue from arachnid acoustics

Elizabeth Anne Brown

An Autonomous Logging Machine Could Make Forestry Safer

Forestry is deadly. Could automating some logging tasks help?

Susan Cosier

Ever Larger Cargo Ships Threaten Bridges, Ports and Other Structures

Cargo ships, like the one that caused the Baltimore bridge to collapse, are getting dangerously big

Robin Lloyd​

Baltimore Bridge Collapse Will Teach Engineers to Build Safer Infrastructure

The loss of Baltimore’s Francis Scott Key Bridge after a cargo ship collision will teach engineers how to design structures better able to withstand disasters

Michael J. Chajes, The Conversation US

A Structural Engineer Explains Why the Baltimore Bridge Collapsed

A large container ship “totally removed” a critical pier from Baltimore’s Francis Scott Key Bridge

Ben Guarino

Collaborating in Person May Spark More Innovative Research

Bringing people together virtually doesn’t seem to boost disruptive research

Simon Makin

The Amazing Aerial Adventures of Lilian Bland, the ‘Flying Feminist’

In 1910 an Anglo-Irish woman named Lilian Bland built a plane with little to no encouragement from her family or aviation enthusiasts. Shortly after the plane took off, she quit flying and moved on to her next challenge

Katie Hafner, Johanna Mayer, Elah Feder, The Lost Women of Science Initiative

Forgotten Electrical Engineer's Work Paved the Way for Radar Technology

Sallie Pero Mead made major discoveries about how electromagnetic waves propagate that allowed objects to be detected at a distance

Erica Huang, Katie Hafner, The Lost Women of Science Initiative

Scientists Discover How to Convert CO 2 into Powder That Can Be Stored for Decades

A team of scientists has figured out how to convert planet-warming carbon dioxide into a harmless powdery fuel that could be converted into clean electricity

John Fialka, E&E News

Tech Billionaires Need to Stop Trying to Make the Science Fiction They Grew Up on Real

Today’s Silicon Valley billionaires grew up reading classic American science fiction. Now they’re trying to make it come true, embodying a dangerous political outlook

Charles Stross

Ultrasound Enables Remote 3-D Printing—Even in the Human Body

For the first time, researchers have used sound waves to 3-D print an object from a distance—even with a wall in the way

Rachel Berkowitz

Light Can Travel Backward in Time (Sort Of)

Light can be reflected not only in space but also in time—and researchers exploring such “time reflections” are finding a wealth of delightfully odd and useful effects

Anna Demming

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Hybrid feature selection method for predicting software defect

To address the challenges associated with the abundance of features in software datasets, this study proposes a novel hybrid feature selection method that combines quantum particle swarm optimization (QPSO) an...

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Providing a hybrid approach to increase the accuracy of intrusion detection systems in computer networks

Intrusion detection is a critical obstacle in the realm of security and data mining methodologies. Consequently, researchers have extensively investigated the quest for the swiftest and most precise means of i...

Drowsiness detection in real-time via convolutional neural networks and transfer learning

Drowsiness detection is a critical aspect of ensuring safety in various domains, including transportation, online learning, and multimedia consumption. This research paper presents a comprehensive investigatio...

Enhanced Whale Optimization Algorithm for task scheduling in cloud computing environments

The escalation of cloud services, driven by their accessibility, improved performance, and cost-effectiveness, has led cloud service providers to consistently seek methods to expedite job completion, thereby b...

Investigating the effect of changing the geometric characteristics on the seismic behavior of the yielding shear panels

The use of different types of shear panels as a large group of yielding dampers has been investigated. Acceptable seismic behavior such as stiffness and high deformation capacity, appropriate lateral resistanc...

Numerical analysis of a protective coating for mining industry feed chute

The selection of materials for the protective coating of a crusher’s feed chute significantly influences the mean time between failures (MTBF) and operational costs associated with the mass production of sulfu...

Investigations on solar PV integration and associated power quality challenges in distribution systems through the application of MCS and GA

In the forthcoming decades, significant advancements will shape the construction and operations of distribution systems. Particularly, the increasing prominence of photovoltaic (PV) systems in the power indust...

Experimental characteristic evaluation of micro hole EDM drilling of Ni 51.58 Ti 48.34 alloy with copper electrode and response optimization using GRG assisted with GA

Nitinol, a biocompatible material, is gradually becoming famous for its superelasticity, shape memory and corrosion resistance behaviours. However, the lower machinability due to the strain-hardening effect an...

Optimization of porosity behavior of hybrid reinforced titanium metal matrix composite through RSM, ANN, and GA for multi-objective parameters

Titanium matrix composites (TMCs) have high specific strength and stiffness, and high-temperature TMCs can reduce weight by up to 50% when compared with monolithic super alloys while preserving equal stiffness...

Effect of material characteristics of lead rubber isolators on seismic performance of box girder bridge

Near-field (NF) earthquakes have distinct ground motions, forward directivity pulses, and fling-step motions, causing structural responses to differ from far-field (FF) earthquakes. Seismic isolation is regard...

Assessment of using different ozone-friendly R22 alternative refrigerants in residential air conditioners in a high-ambient temperature country

The performance of a vapor compression refrigeration system (VCRS)-based residential air conditioner operating in a high-ambient temperature (HAT) country was investigated using six zero-ODP (ozone depletion p...

Investigation on mechanical and thermal behaviour of graphene bonded carbon/Kevlar hybrid fabric polymer composites

The present research is aimed to understand the influence of graphene-reinforced carbon/Kevlar hybrid fabric epoxy composites. Samples HG0, HG2, HG4, and HG6 are fabricated using four layers of fabric mat and ...

Geographic coordinate validation and assignment using an edge-constrained layout

Electric grids with buses that are mapped to geographic latitude and longitude are useful for a growing number of applications, such as data visualization, geomagnetically induced current calculations, and mul...

Thermal analysis of fire effects on fire doors using the finite element method

The goal of this paper is to use the finite element method and computer simulation to prove the effectiveness in assessing the fire resistance of building construction elements, specifically on the example of ...

Analysis of the influence of water qualities on the strength of concrete

Concrete is commonly employed in construction for its tremendous compressive strength, despite its low tensile strength. This study aimed at analyzing the strength of concrete when mixed with water of varying ...

Process simulation, optimization, and cost analysis of a proposed sulfur recovery unit by applying modified Claus technology

Removing sour gas from any suitable gas sweetening technology in a cost-effective and environmentally responsible manner is a major challenge. This paper discusses how to safely and economically dispose of sma...

Multiscale evaluation of tunnel construction safety risk: a case study of an offshore tunnel construction in Ningbo

Based on the WBS-RBS method, in this study, the risk factors corresponding to the construction risk events of an offshore tunnel foundation pit in Ningbo were identified, and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation...

Study on the resistance coefficient of hot dry rock cuttings in Herschel-Bulkley fluid: experiments and modeling

Most hot dry rock geothermal wells are small angle directional wells, and rock cuttings easily accumulate at the bottom of the borehole to form a cuttings bed, causing accidents such as drill sticking, reducin...

Plastic behavior and shakedown limit of defected pressurized pipe under cyclic bending moment

Pipelines subjected to thermal or mechanical loads may fail due to plastic strain accumulation which leads to ratcheting . In this research, cyclic plastic behavior and shakedown limit are investigated experimenta...

Multi-objective design optimization of polymer spur gears using a hybrid approach

Polymer gears are used in applications requiring small to moderate loads to effectively transmit power and use the limited place available as possible. Various commercial standards have been provided designers...

Design for community happiness—an approach and framework

The paper addresses the emerging notion of “happiness” and “community happiness” as means and an objective in site planning and community design highlighting its complexities and illusive nature in terms of sc...

Improved smart energy-based routing approach for IoT networks in wireless sensor nodes

An emerging communication and network domain called the Internet of Things (IoT) uses nodes that function like actual real-world objects. Both moving and fixed nodes are possible for these. Maintaining node st...

Artificial intelligence-based adaptive anomaly detection technology for IaaS cloud virtual machines

As infrastructure-as-a-service clouds quickly grow, an increasing number of businesses and people are moving their application development to the cloud. The purpose of the research is to solve the problem of i...

The unconfined compressive strength estimation of rocks using a novel hybridization technique based on the regulated Gaussian processor

The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of rocks is a crucial factor in geotechnical engineering, assuming a central role in various civil engineering undertakings, including tunnel construction, mining oper...

Scheduling based on residual energy of sensors to extend the lifetime of network in wireless sensor network

The maximum amount of sensor energy is consumed during broadcasting. Hence in order to make delay with the network lifetime of a wireless sensor network (WSN), there is a need of optimum utilization of sensor ...

The use of Carica papaya seeds as bio coagulant for laundry wastewater treatment

The study aims to analyze the effectiveness of wastewater treatment by using Carica papaya seeds as bio coagulants to diminish total suspended solids (TSS) and excess phosphate. This method has some advantages be...

Modeling and assessment of the techno-economic analysis of biogas and its potential for the generation of electricity from water hyacinth biomass

The study presents the economic feasibility assessment of converting the produced biogas from water hyacinth biomass into electricity. Approximately, 0.3793 m 3 CH 4 /kgVS was generated from the water hyacinth biomas...

SKZC: self-distillation and k-nearest neighbor-based zero-shot classification

Zero-shot learning represents a formidable paradigm in machine learning, wherein the crux lies in distilling and generalizing knowledge from observed classes to novel ones. The objective is to identify unfamil...

A design of power prediction algorithm based on health assessment optimized neural network

Wind power prediction holds significant value for the stability of the electrical grid when wind power is connected to the grid. Using neural networks for wind power prediction may have some limitations, such ...

Compressive loading and response time behavior of concrete containing refractory brick coarse aggregates

This research aimed to determine compressive stress and response time of using refractory brick waste as alternative natural coarse aggregates combined with blended cement in manufacturing sustainable concrete...

Integrated encoder-decoder-based wide and deep convolution neural networks strategy for electricity theft arbitration

Integrating energy systems with information systems in smart grids offers a promising avenue for combating electricity theft by leveraging real-time data insights. Suspicious activity indicative of theft can b...

Multi-task learning with self-learning weight for image denoising

Image denoising technology removes noise from the corrupted image by utilizing different features between image and noise. Convolutional neural network (CNN)-based algorithms have been the concern of the recen...

Packing optimization of practical systems using a dynamic acceleration methodology

System design is a challenging and time-consuming task which often requires close collaboration between several multidisciplinary design teams to account for complex interactions between components and sub-sys...

Privacy and security of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) data and network: a comprehensive review

The traditional electrical grid has to be digitally improved as digitalization and effective integration of renewable energy bring better efficiency, intelligence, and safety into the grid; hence, the transiti...

Influence of tool nose angle on cutting performance in hot machining of Inconel 718

Superalloy Inconel718 is an important material for aircraft preparation because of its excellent performance at high temperatures. However, when cutting Inconel718, a large amount of cutting heat will be gener...

Numerical assessment of using FRP rebars as an alternative passive reinforcement in RC beams

Recent sustainable building strategies make the right decisions to be environmentally friendly and reduce carbon emissions. In some reinforced concrete (RC) elements, fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars have b...

Performance evaluation of the Bilate and Furfuro irrigation schemes in Silti Zone, southern Ethiopia

Many irrigation schemes are performing poorly for a number of reasons, and this should be improved to increase the efficiency and productivity of the schemes. This study attempted to determine the performance ...

Experimental study on the connection performance of single taper sleeve locking-type joint

In the pursuit of cost reduction and enhanced construction efficiency in the mechanical connection of reinforcing bars within precast assembled concrete structures, a novel-reinforcing bar connection joint is ...

Enhancing drilling operations: prioritizing wellbore integrity, formation preservation, and effective mud waste control (case study)

This study examined the issues of wellbore instability encountered during the drilling of the vertical exploration Al-Rateena-1 well, Block 25D, Al-Rawat Field, Sudan. Measurements of the wellbore diameter rev...

Non-linear vibration and bifurcation analysis of Euler-Bernoulli beam under parametric excitation

This paper presents an analysis of the non-linear vibrations of beams, which play a crucial role in various industrial and construction structures. Understanding the transverse vibrations of beams and accurate...

Enhancing unconfined compressive strength of stabilized soil with lime and cement prediction through a robust hybrid machine learning approach utilizing Naive Bayes Algorithm

The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of stabilized soil with lime and cement is a crucial mechanical factor in developing accurate geomechanical models. In the past, determining UCS required laborious lab...

3D non-linear finite element modeling of one-way RC slab strengthened with concrete overlay

Reinforced concrete (RC) slabs often require strengthening due to deterioration, increased loads, or design changes. Concrete overlay is a commonly used technique for strengthening, but predicting the behavior...

Computerized constructed wetlands allocation model (based on ecosystem services demand)

Egypt’s urban communities face many threats, including, pluvial floods, heat waves, and lack of publicly accessible urban green spaces. Nature-based solutions such as constructed wetlands (CWs) present a promi...

Multiobjective route finding in a multimode transportation network by NSGA-II

Route finding is an everyday challenge for urban residents. While many route planner applications exist, they cannot find suitable routes based on user preferences. According to user preferences, routing in a ...

Formulation and evaluation of bio-grease from the blend of chemically modified rice bran oil and Calophyllum inophyllum oil

Vegetable oils are a highly promising alternative to produce various lubricants, owing to their biodegradability and eco-friendliness. In comparison to mineral oil, these oils possess a higher flash point and ...

Research on the influence of geological factors on casing stress in casing-in-casing cementing in the horizontal section of shale gas wells

Deep shale gas development has great potential, but the frequent occurrence of shale gas well casing change problems triggered by geological factors seriously restricts deep shale gas development. In order to ...

Air-breathing Mg-Cu/CuO fuel cell

Magnesium fuel cells deliver higher electrical power output than lithium-ion batteries and have the potential to become an economically attractive alternative power source for domestic purposes. In place of no...

Current design of rectangular steel silos: limitations and improvement

This study proposes a modification for the current design approach for square and rectangular silos that accounts for silos’ wall flexibility. First, the authors investigated the effect of wall stiffness symbo...

Performance analysis of deep learning-based object detection algorithms on COCO benchmark: a comparative study

This paper thoroughly explores the role of object detection in smart cities, specifically focusing on advancements in deep learning-based methods. Deep learning models gain popularity for their autonomous feat...

Research on cooling load estimation through optimal hybrid models based on Naive Bayes

Cooling load estimation is crucial for energy conservation in cooling systems, with applications like advanced air-conditioning control and chiller optimization. Traditional methods include energy simulation a...

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Journal of Engineering and Applied Science is affiliated with the  Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University   (CUFE)

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• ISSN: 2536-9512 (electronic)

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Smart grid electricity theft prediction using cascaded R-CNN and hybrid metaheuristic optimization

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IoT-integrated smart energy management system with enhanced ANN controller for small-scale microgrid

• Alex Mariyaraj
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Control strategies and performance analysis of doubly approximation and large-scale system control using hybrid model reduction approach

• Sudhansu Kumar Mishra

Calculation of power transformer health index using the combination of principal component analysis and mass-spring-damper model

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Control of DVR using enhanced transfer delay frequency-locked loop using sine–cosine optimization

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Torque ripple minimization and speed control of switched reluctance motor drives using extremum-seeking PI controller

• Manas Ranjan Sial
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Analysis of new optimization technique MGO tuned FOIPDF controller in load frequency control

• Saurabh Chanana

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A mission to mitigate methane

By Brooke Fisher Photos: Dennis Wise/University of Washington

Former UW Vice Provost for Research Mary Lidstrom returns to her lab, ready to reduce methane emissions.

Professor Emeritus Mary Lidstrom discusses the research with undergraduate Mia Grayson.

For 16 years, Mary Lidstrom , Professor Emeritus of chemical engineering and microbiology, advocated for researchers across the University of Washington while serving as Vice Provost for Research. And now, she’s returned full-time to her own lab, eager to advocate for a promising project that aims to address climate change.

“The big impetus for me was so that I could focus 100% on this new research thrust,” says Lidstrom about stepping down from the leadership position in 2021 and also retiring from her departments shortly thereafter. “My whole career is coming together for this, that’s how I feel about it. And I have the luxury of time now.”

Undergraduates Owen Rosenbluth and Naomi Kern look at an agar plate containing bacteria.

While the project is breaking ground in many respects, and isn’t without challenges, Lidstrom is full of optimism for what her team aims to accomplish — reducing methane in the atmosphere on a global scale. To do so, she plans to utilize bacteria that can consume the greenhouse gas, which accounts for 30% of global warming emissions. Spearheading the effort, Lidstrom’s lab is joined by collaborators from the University of Utah, Northwestern University, Auburn University and Michigan Technological University. Funding comes from the National Science Foundation and the Carbon Technology Research Foundation.

“What this takes to make it successful is both microbiology and engineering. Since I can combine the two, and have 50 years of experience in this field, I felt that if I really wanted to do something about climate change, this was what I could do,” says Lidstrom, who celebrated her half-century research milestone this past fall.

A bacteria breakthrough

For nearly three years, Lidstrom’s lab has been working to address two primary challenges associated with harnessing bacteria for methane mitigation. The first of these was to find the right methane-eating bacteria, known as methanotrophs, for the job.

A surprising byproduct that results from the bacteria converting methane to CO2 is a protein-rich biomass product. When bacteria consume methane, they produce more cells, similar to how humans grow by eating food. The cells can be dried and used to supplement feed for fish and livestock, for which there is an existing market.

“The bacteria use methane as their main source of food and have specialized metabolic pathways to do this that we’ve studied for decades. They are very unique in their capabilities,” Lidstrom explains. “So the idea is that we need bacteria that are really good at doing this, and we need an engineered system, a bioreactor, that can be deployed out in the field to remove methane.”

Turning to the extensive bacteria collection in her lab, Lidstrom started screening strains, some of which were isolated from Lake Washington, looking for an ideal candidate that could consume methane at low concentrations. While she’d assumed that the “workhorse” strain commonly used in her lab wouldn’t be suitable, that wasn’t the case.

A diagram depicts the process that will clean methane-enriched air utilizing a modular bioreactor positioned near high-emission sites. Air would be drawn inside the bioreactor, cleaned by methane-consuming bacteria, and then released back into the atmosphere. Click on the image for a larger version.

“It really surprised me,” says Lidstrom about the pivotal finding, which is detailed in a PNAS paper published last summer. “I thought that because the strain grows well at high methane, it wouldn’t grow well at low. That wasn’t true — It is the champion.”

Compared to the majority of bacteria that are well-nourished when methane concentrations are around 5,000 parts per million (ppm), the strain that the researchers identified, Methylotuvimicrobium buryatense , can remove methane extremely well at concentrations as low as 200 ppm. Below 1,000 ppm is when most bacteria feel starved

“You can think about it in the same way that if people have a diet of 5,000 calories a day, it’s not a starvation problem. But if you try and cut back to 1,000 calories and below, they don’t do very well. It’s roughly in the same ballpark,” Lidstrom explains.

Optimizing the bacteria

Enlisting undergraduates

In the lab, three undergraduates work alongside Lidstrom and two senior scientists. The research topic is especially engaging for the students, says Lidstrom, who has a passion for mentorship.

“Climate change is the reason why I chose chemical engineering,” says Naomi Kern, a junior in chemical engineering. “Getting to apply my knowledge to help the environment is really fulfilling. I feel like I’m doing something to help.”

While the strain of bacteria that the researchers identified is capable of growing in low methane environments, it needs to consume methane more quickly for the process to be effective on a large scale. This is where the second big challenge comes in.

Surprisingly, even at higher output methane sites where the technology is anticipated to be located — such as landfills, agricultural lands, manure piles, oil and gas wells, coal mines and wetlands — the gas still supplies only a moderate level of nourishment to the bacteria.

“Around these sites that are leaking methane into the atmosphere, the methane is higher than in the air we breathe. It’s still hard for the bacteria, but they are ok, especially this really good strain we have,” Lidstrom says. “Whereas in the air we breathe, they can’t make a living off of it, it’s way too low.”

Since they’ll be sustained by a modest amount of food even at the elevated methane sites, the bacteria will operate at a slow pace. Therefore, the plan is to genetically modify the bacteria to enable them to work faster. In addition, to optimize their performance using minimal additives, undergraduate Naomi Kern, a junior in chemical engineering, is exploring ratios of electrolytes. For example, she is adjusting potassium and sodium levels to determine if it impacts the growth rate.

“I’m seeing if perhaps we can give them some energy savings, so they can spend more energy consuming methane,” Kern says.

Applying lessons from leadership

A close-up of a bioreactor. The cellulose beads provide a support structure for the bacteria to grow.

Big picture thinking and team building are skills that Lidstrom honed during her tenure as Vice Provost for Research. As a result of this strategic mindset, she’s already considering how to best commercialize the technology and conduct community outreach.

“Even if you develop this amazing technology and get it ready to go, people may not want it sitting in their community. It’s important to understand what people care about and to work with community leaders — you have to get engagement,” explains Lidstrom.

Preliminary designs depict the bioreactor, which would house the methane-consuming bacteria, as a shipping container-like structure. To slow global warming by 2050, Lidstrom’s goal is to deploy the technology by 2030, with scale-up projections showing it will take approximately 20 years to reduce methane emissions.

“We’ve made a lot of progress in the last three years. Getting to do deep dives into these areas to me is very exciting,” Lidstrom says. “I’ll be working on this until I can’t — it builds on my whole career.”

Professor Emeritus Mary Lidstrom and Lian He, senior scientist, looking at a bioreactor.

A diagram depicts the process that will clean methane-enriched air utilizing a modular bioreactor positioned near high-emission sites. Air would be drawn inside the bioreactor, cleaned by methane-consuming bacteria, and then released back into the atmosphere.

Climate action

Faculty, students and staff across the College of Engineering are working to address the climate crisis through research, teaching and collaboration.

Originally published January 29, 2024

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IBM research leader to deliver keynote at AI chat series

research news

By CORY NEALON

Published May 29, 2024

UB’s chat series exploring artificial intelligence’s evolving role in society will continue as representatives from some of the nation’s leading businesses discuss how they are utilizing the technology.

The UB | AI Chat Series event, titled “Exploring the Future of AI for Maximum Industry Impact,” will be held May 31 at the Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences on the Buffalo Niagara Medical Campus.

It will feature officials from IBM, Linde, Rich Products, Moog and M&T Bank, and include a keynote address by Darío Gil, senior vice president at IBM.

As director of IBM Research, Gil leads more than 3,000 researchers in one of the world’s largest and most influential corporate research labs. He directs innovation strategies in hybrid cloud, AI, semiconductors, quantum computing and exploratory science, among other duties, according to his IBM bio.

Gil will also participate in the event’s panel discussion, to be moderated by Kemper Lewis, dean of the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences. Other panelists include:

• Allison Brashear, vice president for health sciences and dean of the Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences.
• Jose Pinto, director of Linde’s Americas Digital Team.
• Mihir Rajopadhye, chief data and analytics officer at Rich Products.
• George Small, chief technology officer at Moog.
• Chris Tolomeo, senior vice president and head of banking services at M&T.

The event will also include AI research demonstrations featuring UB’s cutting-edge work in medicine, medical devices, climate change, materials science, pharmaceutical science, and computer science and engineering.

The UB | AI Chat Series began last fall and has included discussions with SUNY Chancellor John B. King Jr., National Science Foundation Director Sethuraman Panchanathan and others.

It comes as UB plays as increasingly larger role — regionally, nationwide and globally — in pursuing AI for the social good. That includes being home to Empire AI, a $400 million statewide consortium and supercomputing center to be located on the North Campus. Empire AI, which includes SUNY, CUNY, private colleges and universities, and private foundations, is designed to put New York State at the forefront of the AI revolution.

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Research articles

Autonomous mining through cooperative driving and operations enabled by parallel intelligence

Long Chen and colleagues show a fully autonomous open-pit mine. Heterogenous machinery and tasks are coordinated using parallel learning and digital twins.

• Fei-Yue Wang

A physically motivated voltage hysteresis model for lithium-ion batteries using a probability distributed equivalent circuit

Leonard Jahn et al. propose a probability-distributed equivalent circuit model that is capable of simulating open circuit voltage hysteresis and path dependency of rate capability in lithium-ion batteries with low computational cost.

• Leonard Jahn
• Patrick Mößle
• Michael A. Danzer

Post-earthquake rapid resealing of bedrock flow-paths by concretion-forming resin

Yoshida and colleagues present a technique for sealing bedrock flow paths using concretion-forming resin, which is inspired by the natural process of spheroidal concretion formation in natural calcite. The approach shows high speed and durability, also proving a good performance in withstanding seismic activity.

• Hidekazu Yoshida
• Koshi Yamamoto
• Richard Metcalfe

Architecture for sub-100 ms liquid crystal reconfigurable intelligent surface based on defected delay lines

Robin Neuder and colleagues investigate liquid crystals for phase tuning in reconfigurable intelligent surfaces based on defected delay lines. This approach enables liquid crystal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces that can be optimized towards wide bandwidth, low loss, and fast response time simultaneously.

• Robin Neuder
• Alejandro Jiménez-Sáez

Open-source interactive design platform for 3D-printed microfluidic devices

Yushen Zhang and colleagues report an open source, interactive software platform for the efficient and convenient design of 3D printable microfluidic devices. The approach incorporates a design-for-manufacturing function, facilitating device fabrication using commercial consumer-grade printers.

• Yushen Zhang
• Ulf Schlichtmann

3D printed sub-terahertz photonic crystal for wireless passive biosensing

Yixiong Zhao and co-authors present a passive refractive index sensor based on the sub-terahertz photonic crystal resonator. It serves as a non-electronic, compact, and low-cost solution for distributed remote sensing, applicable in monitoring airborne pathogens for pre-infection detection.

• Yixiong Zhao
• Ali Alhaj Abbas
• Jan C. Balzer

Coded environments: data-driven indoor localisation with reconfigurable intelligent surfaces

Syed Tariq Shah and colleagues use multi-antenna reconfigurable surfaces to maximise the accuracy of wireless indoor localisation. They study the achievable performance improvement using pre-trained machine learning techniques.

• Syed Tariq Shah
• Mahmoud A. Shawky
• Qammer H. Abbasi

Ex vivo validation of magnetically actuated intravascular untethered robots in a clinical setting

Leendert-Jan W. Ligtenberg and colleagues report an X-ray guided platform for the wireless teleoperation of hemocompatible, untethered magnetic robots. The approach will enable clinicians to reach and treat vascular diseases within the body where alternative tethered flexible surgical instruments offer more limited control.

• Leendert-Jan W. Ligtenberg
• Nicole C. A. Rabou
• Islam S. M. Khalil

Compact eternal diffractive neural network chip for extreme environments

Yibo Dong et al. implement a compact and robust diffractive neural network chip with a virtually unlimited lifetime for optical inference. The chip demonstrates high accuracy and high stability even after high temperature aging, aiming at applications in extreme environments.

Ultra-low power, high-data rate, fully on-chip radio frequency on-off keying receiver for internet-of-things applications

Aasish Boora and colleagues implement low-power on-chip radio frequency receiver for high data rate Internet of Things applications. Their device can be reconfigurable to adjust power consumption to the data rate aiming at energy-efficient operation.

• Aasish Boora
• Bharatha Kumar Thangarasu
• Kiat Seng Yeo

Balancing resistor-based online electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in battery systems: opportunities and limitations

Alexander Blömeke and colleagues investigate the conditions under which the balancing resistors in battery systems can be used for impedance measurements. This helps to improve state estimation and results in safer and more sustainable battery systems.

• Alexander Blömeke
• Hendrik Zappen
• Dirk Uwe Sauer

Meso-scale seabed quantification with geoacoustic inversion

Sonnemann and colleagues use Bayesian inference to obtain seabed geoacoustic properties. Their method allows resolving up to 10 cm thin sediment layers over wide areas.

• Tim Sonnemann
• Jan Dettmer
• Stan E. Dosso

Signal improved ultra-fast light-sheet microscope for large tissue imaging

Md Nasful Huda Prince and colleagues propose a tissue imaging system with isotropic sub-micron resolution. The method intelligently delineates tissue borders and captures images faster and with enhanced signal quality.

• Md Nasful Huda Prince
• Benjamin Garcia
• Tonmoy Chakraborty

Curving THz wireless data links around obstacles

Hichem Guerboukha and colleagues present a reliable high-data-rate THz communications system when the line of sight between the transmitter and receiver is blocked. They design the near-field wavefront to generate a curved trajectory.

• Hichem Guerboukha
• Daniel M. Mittleman

Real-time polarization compensation method in quantum communication based on channel Muller parameters detection

Yongjian Tan and colleagues report a universally applicable real-time polarization compensation method for quantum communications. The approach has several advantages over current methods, including a minimum number of waveplates, faster speed, and wider applicability for various optical links.

• Yongjian Tan
• Jianyu Wang

Acoustic emission of lattice structures under cycling loading relates process parameters with fatigue properties

Lea Kollmannsperger and colleagues report the fatigue behaviour of additively manufactured lattice structures under cyclic loading, relating fatigue-induced properties to process characteristics using acoustic emission. The results can help to predict damage during operation through non-destructive testing.

• Lea S. Kollmannsperger
• Oliver Maurer
• Sarah C. L. Fischer

Electrocaloric cooling system utilizing latent heat transfer for high power density

Julius Metzdorf and colleagues present a heatpipe system that combines solid-state electrocaloric material with condensation and evaporation of ethanol fluid. The results demonstrate an enhanced cooling power density, which is one order of magnitude higher than that of traditional ceramic electrocaloric systems.

• Julius Metzdorf
• Patrick Corhan
• Kilian Bartholomé

Deep learning reduces sensor requirements for gust rejection on a small uncrewed aerial vehicle morphing wing

Haughn and colleagues develop gust rejection controllers and overcome challenges of computationally expensive modeling and expansive distributed sensing networks. With only three pressure tap sensors, small fixed wing uncrewed aerial vehicles could extend into more complex urban environments.

• Kevin P. T. Haughn
• Christina Harvey
• Daniel J. Inman

Microfluidic flowmeter based on a liquid crystal-filled nested capillary

Wang and colleagues design a flowmeter composed of a liquid crystal-filled nested capillary which demonstrates thermal stability and high sensitivity. The device measures air flow via its cooling effect resulting in a measurable spectrum shift in whispering gallery modes.

• Arun Kumar Mallik
• Yuliya Semenova

A ghost imaging framework based on laser mode speckle pattern for underwater environments

Mochou Yang and colleagues describe a a ghost imaging framework based on laser mode speckle pattern which improves imaging quality at low sampling rate. The feasibility of this method is demonstrated in a turbid water environment.

• Mo-Chou Yang
• Guo-Ying Feng

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3 Stocks to Buy Among the Top-Rated Zacks Engineering-R and D Services Industry

At the moment the Zacks Engineering-R and D Services Industry is in the top 28% of over 250 Zacks industries and many of the stocks in the space are seeing sound growth.

These companies  tend to serve as viable long-term investments as they are  critical to the research and development of engineering that focuses on solving advanced technical problems with intelligent solutions. Even better, here are three Zacks Engineering-R and D Services Industry stocks that currently sport a Zacks Rank #2 (Buy) and have seen their stocks soar in 2024. 

Sterling Infrastructure ( STRL Quick Quote STRL - Free Report )

Sterling Infrastructure’s impressive backlog and balance sheet have been boosted by the growing trend of data center developments for artificial intelligence workloads along with its subsidiary Plateau being awarded the landmark site development project for Hyundai’s Engineering America EV battery facility in Georgia last year.  

Additionally, Sterling Infrastructure has seen a spike in its transportation solutions revenue, and data centers now represent 40% of its backlog which currently stands at $961 million reflecting a 32% increase from Q1 2023. Expecting double-digit top and bottom-line growth in fiscal 2024 and FY25, Sterling Infrastructure’s stock has soared +41% year to date and is up an astonishing +451% in the last three years.

Howmet Aerospace ( HWM Quick Quote HWM - Free Report )

Providing engineered solutions for customers in the transportation and aerospace industries, Howmet Aerospace’s diversification is very compelling with its reach also extending to the automotive and industrial applications markets.

However, the company’s dominance in the aerospace market continues to stand out due to increased demand for air travel and defense spending which led to records in revenue, profit, margin, and earnings per share during the first quarter. Notably, Howmet Aerospace’s stock is up +98% YTD and has climbed +139% over the last three years. Correlating with its strong price performance, Howmet Aerospace is projected to post EPS growth of over 20% in FY24 and FY25 with double-digit sales growth in the forecast as well.

M-tron Industries ( MPTI Quick Quote MPTI - Free Report )

As a manufacturer of highly engineered frequency and spectrum control products, M-tron Industries provides solutions for test and measurement equipment, computers, servers, and networks among other energy management solutions.

With a growing niche in engineered R&D services, M-tron Industries’ increased profitability is very intriguing. To that point, annual earnings are expected to climb 58% this year to $2.03 per share compared to $1.28 a share in 2023. Plus, FY25 EPS is projected to expand another 13%. This comes as total sales are forecasted to increase 9% in FY24 and FY25 with projections edging towards $50 million. As one of the market’s top performers this year M-tron Industries stock has skyrocketed +194% YTD with MPTI now up +150% since the company went public in August of 2022.

Other Stocks to Watch

Also sporting a Zacks Rank #2 (Buy) and expected to post sound growth on thier botttom lines, Mayville Engineering ( MEC Quick Quote MEC - Free Report ) ) and Gates Industrial ( GTES Quick Quote GTES - Free Report ) ) are two other promising stocks to watch among the top-rated Zacks Engineering-R and D Services Industry. 

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