power of media assignment

Power of Media

Global media platforms, with access to over 3.8 billion people consuming their content daily, have unique opportunities to leverage their scale for positive societal impact. From the way technology is designed and used to the ways in which digital media is consumed, this initiative explores opportunities to come together across the world’s largest platforms to strengthen communities and to address societal challenges in the current context of the pandemic and socioeconomical landscape.

Launched at the Sustainable Development Impact Summit in September 2020, the World Economic Forum’s Power of Media initiative aims to help media organizations use the power of their platforms for positive impact by finding ways to enhance trust, improve diversity and representation in media, build social cohesion through entertainment, culture and sport, and build back a better and sustainable media ecosystem. The analysis will be centered around three main workstreams:

• Building a Sustainable Media Ecosystem
• Diversity and Representation in Content
• Social Cohesion through Entertainment, Culture and Sport

Goal:  Build support and increase public trust through effective awareness and education of ESG goals. Advance avenues for which brands and platforms can leverage technology, data and the power of communities for social good in health, digital literacy, justice and other areas of society.

Objectives:

•Influence a more trusted, informed and inclusive outlook on how platforms can be used for social good

•Advance public-private cooperation and bridge industry gaps between media, consumer, tech, and digital communications industries to drive new societal solutions that leverage the broad reach and power of media platforms

•Achieve tangible results in improving social justice, health, well-being, education, economic inclusion, and cohesion in society

World Economic Forum projects may be republished in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License , and in accordance with our Terms of Use .

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Lesson Plan

Dec. 11, 2021, 2:49 p.m.

Lesson plan: Decoding media bias

Estimated time, grade level, essential question.

• We The Voters film, “MediOcracy”
• CNN: http://www.cnn.com
• Fox News: http://www.foxnews.com
• MSNBC: http://www.msnbc.com

Extension Activities

• News organizations have great power—deciding which topics are important enough to cover and where to position those topics within their newspaper, TV program, or website. People can also exercise power through the news stories they choose to engage with. Have students go to Newsmap and examine the trending news stories. The larger the news story box, the more people are reading about the story. You can also choose specific topics by selecting the topic check boxes on the bottom. Discuss what this says about the informed status of the electorate.
• Another option is to have students go to All Sides to introduce them to news topics written in three distinct viewpoints: left, center, right. Discuss this as a tool to recognize bias. The site also serves as a resource that people can go to read something that may challenge their assumptions, and with which they may disagree, as suggested in the We The Voters film “MediOcracy . ”

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How2Internet: Use media literacy skills to navigate the misinformation highway

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• English & Language Arts
• news-media-literacy
• government-civics
• social-studies
• news organizations
• cable networks
• election-2020
• Super Civics

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Management Notes

Power of Media – Major Points Explained in Detail | Media and Society

Power of media.

Table of Contents

Media power refers to the enormous influence and impact that print media, broadcast media, and digital media have in shaping public opinion, disseminating information, and driving social and cultural changes. A powerful tool for communication, education, entertainment, and mobilization, the media play a significant role in modern society.

By reaching vast audiences, shaping public discourse, and influencing individual and collective behaviors, it can influence the lives of individuals and communities.

A media outlet’s power lies in its ability to gather, create, and distribute information, frame narratives, and shape public opinion. In order to promote media literacy and responsible consumption of media content, we must understand the power of media.

The power of media can be explained in the following way:

Information Dissemination:

Media acts as a primary source of information for individuals, providing news, current affairs, and factual information. Media’s power comes from its ability to gather, verify, and disseminate information to a wide audience. Keeping people informed about local, national, and global events is the responsibility of journalists and news organizations.

People are able to make informed decisions, understand complex issues, and participate in democratic processes when the media provides timely and relevant news coverage.

Agenda Setting:

The media can set the agenda and determine the issues that need to be addressed and discussed. Public opinion and conversations are shaped and directed by media outlets’ coverage of specific topics, editorials, and investigative reporting.

In order to set the agenda, the media must frame issues, shape narratives, and shape public perceptions. In bringing attention to neglected or marginalized topics, media can shape public opinion and bring about societal change.

Influence on Public Opinions and Attitudes:

The media has a profound impact on public opinion and attitudes, influencing how individuals perceive their surroundings. News stories, documentaries, and opinion pieces can influence public sentiment and shape attitudes regarding social, political, and cultural issues through media outlets.

In order to influence public opinion, media must be able to present information, frame stories, and evoke emotions. Public discourse and societal norms may be influenced by media, which contributes to the formation of collective beliefs, values, and behaviors.

Educational Tool:

Media serves as an educational tool, providing a platform for knowledge sharing and learning. Educational programs, documentaries, and online platforms facilitate access to information and promote lifelong learning. The media can spread education, foster critical thinking, and contribute to the dissemination of knowledge from a variety of fields, including science, history, culture, and the arts.

It is the ability of media to engage audiences through visual and interactive formats that makes complex concepts more accessible to learners and enhances their learning experience that makes it a powerful educational tool.

Entertainment and Cultural Influence:

Media plays a significant role in shaping cultural values and trends as well as serving as a powerful source of entertainment. Popular culture is shaped by movies, television shows, music, and digital content, which influence societal norms, fashion, language, and lifestyle choices.

It is in the ability of media to capture the imagination, evoke emotions, and create shared experiences that media has the power to entertain and influence cultures worldwide. In addition to reflecting and reinforcing cultural values, media introduces new ideas, challenges social conventions, and provokes social change.

Mobilization and Activism:

The media is an essential part of social mobilization and activism. It provides a platform for people and communities to advocate for change and mobilize collective action as well as raise awareness of social issues. Protest organizers, activists, and communities have become increasingly reliant on social media platforms to organize, spread, and mobilize.

By amplifying voices, connecting like-minded individuals, and generating public support for social causes, media can play a significant role in social mobilization and activism. Coverage of social movements can highlight injustice, increase awareness, and inspire people to act.

Advertising and Consumer Behavior:

The media, especially advertising, play an important role in influencing consumer behavior. Through advertisement, media influences consumer behavior, purchase decisions, and brand perception. Advertising is shaped by the media’s ability to shape consumer desires, promote products and services, and stimulate economic activity.

The use of media platforms allows companies to reach potential customers and influence their buying decisions through persuasive messaging and creative storytelling.

Influence on Democracy:

The media plays a crucial role in democratic societies, serving as a check on the government and other powerful institutions. Transparency, accountability, and citizen participation are promoted by the media, which inform the public, scrutinize policies, and encourage political debate.

In democracy, media facilitates the free flow of information, encourages diverse viewpoints, and holds those in power accountable for their actions. In order to facilitate free exchange of ideas and opinions, media freedom and independence are essential for a functioning democracy.

The media has significant power and influence, but it is also responsible for maintaining ethical standards, accuracy, and fairness. Despite media power, there are challenges associated with it, including media bias, sensationalism, misinformation, and manipulation.

In order to navigate the vast media landscape, evaluate sources, and distinguish between reliable information and misinformation, individuals must be literate in media literacy and critical thinking. The ability to understand the power of media empowers individuals to be informed consumers and active participants in shaping society.

• Influence of Media on Society – Mass Media Influence | Media and Society
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8.4 The Impact of the Media

Learning objectives.

By the end of this section, you will be able to:

• Identify forms of bias that exist in news coverage and ways the media can present biased coverage
• Explain how the media cover politics and issues
• Evaluate the impact of the media on politics and policymaking

In what ways can the media affect society and government? The media’s primary duty is to present us with information and alert us when important events occur. This information may affect what we think and the actions we take. The media can also place pressure on government to act by signaling a need for intervention or showing that citizens want change. For these reasons, the quality of the media’s coverage matters.

MEDIA EFFECTS AND BIAS

Concerns about the effects of media on consumers and the existence and extent of media bias go back to the 1920s. Reporter and commentator Walter Lippmann noted that citizens have limited personal experience with government and the world and posited that the media, through their stories, place ideas in citizens’ minds. These ideas become part of the citizens’ frame of reference and affect their decisions. Lippmann’s statements led to the hypodermic theory , which argues that information is “shot” into the receiver’s mind and readily accepted. 114

Yet studies in the 1930s and 1940s found that information was transmitted in two steps, with one person reading the news and then sharing the information with friends. People listened to their friends, but not to those with whom they disagreed. The newspaper’s effect was thus diminished through conversation. This discovery led to the minimal effects theory , which argues the media have little effect on citizens and voters. 115 By the 1970s, a new idea, the cultivation theory , hypothesized that media develop a person’s view of the world by presenting a perceived reality. 116 What we see on a regular basis is our reality. Media can then set norms for readers and viewers by choosing what is covered or discussed.

In the end, the consensus among observers is that media have some effect, even if the effect is subtle. This raises the question of how the media, even general newscasts, can affect citizens. One of the ways is through framing : the creation of a narrative, or context, for a news story. The news often uses frames to place a story in a context so the reader understands its importance or relevance. Yet, at the same time, framing affects the way the reader or viewer processes the story.

Episodic framing occurs when a story focuses on isolated details or specifics rather than looking broadly at a whole issue. Thematic framing takes a broad look at an issue and skips numbers or details. It looks at how the issue has changed over a long period of time and what has led to it. For example, a large, urban city is dealing with the problem of an increasing homeless population, and the city has suggested ways to improve the situation. If journalists focus on the immediate statistics, report the current percentage of homeless people, interview a few, and look at the city’s current investment in a homeless shelter, the coverage is episodic. If they look at homelessness as a problem increasing everywhere, examine the reasons people become homeless, and discuss the trends in cities’ attempts to solve the problem, the coverage is thematic. Episodic frames may create more sympathy, while a thematic frame may leave the reader or viewer emotionally disconnected and less sympathetic ( Figure 8.16 ).

Link to Learning

For a closer look at framing and how it influences voters, read “How the Media Frames Political Issues” , a review essay by Scott London.

Framing can also affect the way we see race, socioeconomics, or other generalizations. For this reason, it is linked to priming : when media coverage predisposes the viewer or reader to a particular perspective on a subject or issue. If a newspaper article focuses on unemployment, struggling industries, and jobs moving overseas, the reader will have a negative opinion about the economy. If then asked whether they approve of the president’s job performance, the reader is primed to say no. Readers and viewers are able to fight priming effects if they are aware of them or have prior information about the subject.

COVERAGE EFFECTS ON GOVERNANCE AND CAMPAIGNS

When it is spotty, the media’s coverage of campaigns and government can sometimes affect the way government operates and the success of candidates. In 1972, for instance, the McGovern-Fraser reforms created a voter-controlled primary system, so party leaders no longer pick the presidential candidates. Now the media are seen as kingmakers and play a strong role in influencing who will become the Democratic and Republican nominees in presidential elections. They can discuss the candidates’ messages, vet their credentials, carry sound bites of their speeches, and conduct interviews. The candidates with the most media coverage build momentum and do well in the first few primaries and caucuses. This, in turn, leads to more media coverage, more momentum, and eventually a winning candidate. Thus, candidates need the media.

In the 1980s, campaigns learned that tight control on candidate information created more favorable media coverage. In the presidential election of 1984, candidates Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush began using an issue-of-the-day strategy, providing quotes and material on only one topic each day. This strategy limited what journalists could cover because they had only limited quotes and sound bites to use in their reports. In 1992, both Bush’s and Bill Clinton’s campaigns maintained their carefully drawn candidate images by also limiting photographers and television journalists to photo opportunities at rallies and campaign venues. The constant control of the media became known as the “bubble,” and journalists were less effective when they were in the campaign’s bubble. Reporters complained this coverage was campaign advertising rather than journalism, and a new model emerged with the 1996 election. 117

Campaign coverage now focuses on the spectacle of the season, rather than providing information about the candidates. Colorful personalities, strange comments, lapse of memories, and embarrassing revelations are more likely to get air time than the candidates’ issue positions. Donald Trump may be the best example of shallower press coverage of a presidential election. Some argue that newspapers and news programs are limiting the space they allot to discussion of the campaigns. 118 Others argue that citizens want to see updates on the race and electoral drama, not boring issue positions or substantive reporting. 119 It may also be that journalists have tired of the information games played by politicians and have taken back control of the news cycles. 120 All these factors have likely led to the shallow press coverage we see today, sometimes dubbed pack journalism because journalists follow one another rather than digging for their own stories. Television news discusses the strategies and blunders of the election, with colorful examples. Newspapers focus on polls. In an analysis of the 2012 election, Pew Research found that 64 percent of stories and coverage focused on campaign strategy. Only 9 percent covered domestic issue positions; 6 percent covered the candidates’ public records; and, 1 percent covered their foreign policy positions. 121

For better or worse, coverage of the candidates’ statements get less air time on radio and television, and sound bites, or clips, of their speeches have become even shorter. In 1968, the average sound bite from Richard Nixon was 42.3 seconds, while a recent study of television coverage found that sound bites had decreased to only eight seconds in the 2004 election. 122 The clips chosen to air were attacks on opponents 40 percent of the time. Only 30 percent contained information about the candidate’s issues or events. The study also found the news showed images of the candidates, but for an average of only twenty-five seconds while the newscaster discussed the stories. 123

This study supports the argument that shrinking sound bites are a way for journalists to control the story and add their own analysis rather than just report on it. 124 Candidates are given a few minutes to try to argue their side of an issue, but some say television focuses on the argument rather than on information. In 2004, Jon Stewart of Comedy Central’s The Daily Show began attacking the CNN program Crossfire for being theater, saying the hosts engaged in reactionary and partisan arguing rather than true debating. 125 Some of Stewart’s criticisms resonated, even with host Paul Begala, and Crossfire was later pulled from the air. 126

The media’s discussion of campaigns has also grown negative. Although biased campaign coverage dates back to the period of the partisan press, the increase in the number of cable news stations has made the problem more visible. Stations like FOX News and MSNBC are overt in their use of bias in framing stories. During the 2012 campaign, seventy-one of seventy-four MSNBC stories about Mitt Romney were highly negative, while FOX News’ coverage of Obama had forty-six out of fifty-two stories with negative information ( Figure 8.17 ). The major networks—ABC, CBS, and NBC—were somewhat more balanced, yet the overall coverage of both candidates tended to be negative. 127 Coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic also featured differences, which had an effect on the public. In the spring of 2020, a study of public opinion on the origins of the virus and likelihood of a vaccine being developed, revealed that respondents who watched FOX News were much more likely to believe the virus was created in a lab and much less likely to have confidence that a vaccine would be developed to stop the disease, whereas respondents who relied on MSNBC believed the virus originated in nature and were quite confident a vaccine would be developed. 128

Due in part to the lack of substantive media coverage, campaigns increasingly use social media to relay their message. Candidates can create their own sites and pages and try to spread news through supporters to the undecided. In 2012, both Romney and Obama maintained Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube accounts to provide information to voters. Yet, on social media, candidates still need to combat negativity, from both the opposition and supporters. Stories about Romney that appeared in the mainstream media were negative 38 percent of the time, while his coverage in Facebook news was negative 62 percent of the time and 58 percent of the time on Twitter. 129 In the 2016 election cycle, both party nominees heavily used social media. Donald Trump’s scores of tweets became very prominent as he tweeted during Clinton’s convention acceptance speech and sometimes at all hours of the night. Clinton also used Twitter, but less so than Trump, though arguably staying better on message. Trump tended to rail on about topics and at one point was even drawn into a Twitter battle with Senator Elizabeth Warren (D-MA). Hillary Clinton also used Facebook for longer messages and imaging. Trump took social media posts to a new level, both in terms of the number of posts and the intensity. In January 2021, he was permanently suspended from the Twitter platform due to "the risk of further incitement of violence" in the wake of the January 6th attack on the U.S. capitol building. In contrast, Biden has used social media quite sparingly, both during his campaign and after becoming president.

Once candidates are in office, the chore of governing begins, with the added weight of media attention. Historically, if presidents were unhappy with their press coverage, they used personal and professional means to change its tone. Franklin D. Roosevelt, for example, was able to keep journalists from printing stories through gentleman’s agreements, loyalty, and the provision of additional information, sometimes off the record. The journalists then wrote positive stories, hoping to keep the president as a source. John F. Kennedy hosted press conferences twice a month and opened the floor for questions from journalists, in an effort to keep press coverage positive. 130

When presidents and other members of the White House are not forthcoming with information, journalists must press for answers. Dan Rather, a journalist for CBS, regularly sparred with presidents in an effort to get information. When Rather interviewed Richard Nixon about Vietnam and Watergate, Nixon was hostile and uncomfortable. 131 In a 1988 interview with then-vice president George H. W. Bush, Bush accused Rather of being argumentative about the possible cover-up of a secret arms sale with Iran:

Rather: I don’t want to be argumentative, Mr. Vice President. Bush: You do, Dan. Rather: No—no, sir, I don’t. Bush: This is not a great night, because I want to talk about why I want to be president, why those 41 percent of the people are supporting me. And I don’t think it’s fair to judge my whole career by a rehash of Iran. How would you like it if I judged your career by those seven minutes when you walked off the set in New York? 132

One of the more profound changes with President Trump compared to prior presidents revolved around his relationship with the press. Trump rarely held press conferences, choosing instead to tweet what he was thinking to the world. Whereas previous presidents spent much effort to cultivate relationships with the media in order to court public opinion, Trump instead criticized the media as untrustworthy and producing "fake news." This approach led to critical coverage of the president across all but a few press outlets. Moreover, President Trump's attack on the media led key outlets, like CNN and the Washington Post, to take action. CNN sued in federal court to get one of their news reporters (Jim Acosta) reinstated on the White House beat after he was thrown out of the West Wing. The Washington Post has run the tagline "Democracy Dies in Darkness" on its website regularly since 2017. Compared to Trump, President Biden's relationship with the press is more conventional, with regular interaction and briefings by Press Secretary Jennifer Psaki. 133

Cabinet secretaries and other appointees also talk with the press, sometimes making for conflicting messages. The creation of the position of press secretary and the White House Office of Communications both stemmed from the need to send a cohesive message from the executive branch. Currently, the White House controls the information coming from the executive branch through the Office of Communications and decides who will meet with the press and what information will be given.

But stories about the president often examine personality, or the president’s ability to lead the country, deal with Congress, or respond to national and international events. They are less likely to cover the president’s policies or agendas without a lot of effort on the president’s behalf. 134 When Obama first entered office in 2009, journalists focused on his battles with Congress, critiquing his leadership style and inability to work with Representative Nancy Pelosi, then Speaker of the House. To gain attention for his policies, specifically the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), Obama began traveling the United States to draw the media away from Congress and encourage discussion of his economic stimulus package. Once the ARRA had been passed, Obama began travelling again, speaking locally about why the country needed the Affordable Care Act and guiding media coverage to promote support for the act. 135

Congressional representatives have a harder time attracting media attention for their policies. House and Senate members who use the media well, either to help their party or to show expertise in an area, may increase their power within Congress, which helps them bargain for fellow legislators’ votes. Senators and high-ranking House members may also be invited to appear on cable news programs as guests, where they may gain some media support for their policies. Yet, overall, because there are so many members of Congress, and therefore so many agendas, it is harder for individual representatives to draw media coverage. 136

It is less clear, however, whether media coverage of an issue leads Congress to make policy, or whether congressional policymaking leads the media to cover policy. In the 1970s, Congress investigated ways to stem the number of drug-induced deaths and crimes. As congressional meetings dramatically increased, the press was slow to cover the topic. The number of hearings was at its highest from 1970 to 1982, yet media coverage did not rise to the same level until 1984. 137 Subsequent hearings and coverage led to national policies like DARE and First Lady Nancy Reagan’s “Just Say No” campaign ( Figure 8.18 ).

Later studies of the media’s effect on both the president and Congress report that the media has a stronger agenda-setting effect on the president than on Congress. What the media choose to cover affects what the president thinks is important to voters, and these issues were often of national importance. The media’s effect on Congress was limited, however, and mostly extended to local issues like education or child and elder abuse. 138 If the media are discussing a topic, chances are a member of Congress has already submitted a relevant bill, and it is waiting in committee.

COVERAGE EFFECTS ON SOCIETY

The media choose what they want to discuss. This agenda setting creates a reality for voters and politicians that affects the way people think, act, and vote. Even if the crime rate is going down, for instance, citizens accustomed to reading stories about assault and other offenses still perceive crime to be an issue. 139 Studies have also found that the media’s portrayal of race is flawed, especially in coverage of crime and poverty. One study revealed that local news shows were more likely to show pictures of criminals when they were African American, so they overrepresented Black people as perpetrators and White people as victims. 140 A second study found a similar pattern in which Latino people were underrepresented as victims of crime and as police officers, while White people were overrepresented as both. 141 Voters were thus more likely to assume that most criminals are African American and most victims and police officers are White, even though the numbers do not support those assumptions.

Network news similarly misrepresents the victims of poverty by using more images of African Americans than White people in its segments. Viewers in a study were left believing African Americans were the majority of the unemployed and poor, rather than seeing the problem as one faced by many races. 142 The misrepresentation of race is not limited to news coverage, however. A study of images printed in national magazines, like Time and Newsweek , found they also misrepresented race and poverty. The magazines were more likely to show images of young African Americans when discussing poverty and excluded the elderly and the young, as well as White and Latino people, which is the true picture of poverty. 143

Racial framing , even if unintentional, affects perceptions and policies. If viewers are continually presented with images of African Americans as criminals, there is an increased chance they will perceive members of this group as violent or aggressive. 144 The perception that most recipients of welfare are working-age African Americans may have led some citizens to vote for candidates who promised to reduce welfare benefits. 145 When survey respondents were shown a story of a White unemployed individual, 71 percent listed unemployment as one of the top three problems facing the United States, while only 53 percent did so if the story was about an unemployed African American. 146

Word choice may also have a priming effect. News organizations like the Los Angeles Times and the Associated Press no longer use the phrase “illegal immigrant” to describe undocumented residents. This may be due to the desire to create a “sympathetic” frame for the immigration situation rather than a “threat” frame. 147

Media coverage of women has been similarly biased. Most journalists in the early 1900s were men, and women’s issues were not part of the newsroom discussion. As journalist Kay Mills put it, the women’s movement of the 1960s and 1970s was about raising awareness of the problems of equality, but writing about rallies “was like trying to nail Jell-O to the wall.” 148 Most politicians, business leaders, and other authority figures were men, and editors’ reactions to the stories were lukewarm. The lack of women in the newsroom, politics, and corporate leadership encouraged silence. 149

In 1976, journalist Barbara Walters became the first woman coanchor on a network news show, The ABC Evening News . She was met with great hostility from her coanchor Harry Reasoner and received critical coverage from the press. 150 On newspaper staffs, women reported having to fight for assignments to well-published beat s , or to be assigned areas or topics, such as the economy or politics, that were normally reserved for male journalists. Once women journalists held these assignments, they feared writing about women’s issues. Would it make them appear weak? Would they be taken from their coveted beats? 151 This apprehension allowed poor coverage of women and the women’s movement to continue until women were better represented as journalists and as editors. Strength of numbers allowed them to be confident when covering issues like health care, childcare, and education. 152

The Center for American Women in Politics researches the treatment women receive from both government and the media, and they share the data with the public.

The media’s historically uneven coverage of women continues in its treatment of women candidates. Early coverage was sparse. The stories that did appear often discussed the candidate’s viability, or ability to win, rather than her stand on the issues. 153 Women were seen as a novelty rather than as serious contenders who needed to be vetted and discussed. Modern media coverage has changed slightly. One study found that women candidates receive more favorable coverage than in prior generations, especially if they are incumbents. 154 Yet a different study found that while there was increased coverage for woman candidates, it was often negative. 155 And it did not include Latina candidates. 156 Without coverage, they are less likely to win.

The historically negative media coverage of woman candidates has had another concrete effect: Women are less likely than men to run for office. One common reason is the effect negative media coverage has on families. 157 Many women do not wish to expose their children or spouses to criticism. 158 In 2008, the nomination of Sarah Palin as Republican candidate John McCain’s running mate validated this concern ( Figure 8.19 ). Some articles focused on her qualifications to be a potential future president or her record on the issues. But others questioned whether she had the right to run for office, given she had young children, one of whom has developmental disabilities. 159 Even when candidates ask that children and families be off-limits, the press rarely honors the requests. So women with young children may wait until their children are grown before running for office, if they choose to run at all.

In 2020, woman candidates, though still facing negative media coverage, nevertheless ran in record numbers at all levels. Several women were competitive for the Democratic presidential nomination, including Senator Elizabeth Warren (D-MA), Senator Kamala Harris (D-CA), and Senator Amy Klobuchar (D-MN). Harris was later selected by Joe Biden as his running mate and now serves as the first woman vice president.

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The Power of Media in Shaping Public Opinion

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Published: Feb 7, 2024

Words: 1096 | Pages: 2 | 6 min read

Table of contents

Historical overview of media influence on public opinion, the role of media in influencing public opinion, case studies of media influence on public opinion, positive and negative effects of media influence on public opinion, enhancing media responsibility in influencing public opinion, a. agenda setting, d. persuasion, a. positive effects, b. negative effects, c. ethical considerations.

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Browse Course Material

Course info.

• Prof. Beth Coleman

Departments

As taught in.

• Media Studies
• Comparative Literature
• Social Anthropology

Learning Resource Types

Introduction to media studies, assignments.

Guidelines for Writing Papers ( PDF )

Media Assignment 1 - Class Media Studies Wiki

Media Assignment 1: Post to class wiki a short explanation of a critical theory/media theory term from any of the following theorists or theories (300-500 words):

• Commodity Information theory
• Complexity theory
• Hot and Cold Media
• The Global Village
• Cyborg Mass media
• Frankfurt School Cultural Studies

Paper 1, 5-7 pages due by recitation meeting: Discuss Media convergence; give the argument of three different thinkers on the subject using at least two bibliographic sources (not internet).

Class Presentation 1

Working Group oral presentation 1 in class.

Presentation should be between 7-10 minutes in length.

The oral presentations should address one of the class wiki definitions as well as a topic in new media formats.

• The group should edit an entry on the class wiki site, post the edited definition to site, and include this posting as part of the oral presentation. (Media formats other than text may be included in the posting.)
• The presentation should include an investigation of and report on a new media format or genre of interest to the group. For example, a discussion of the technology behind or the use of the following applications would be an appropriate subject: history of search engines, history of Internet, Blogs, wiki, sms and the new media-rich models for telephones, RSS, blogs, “identity sites” such as Friendster, and My Space, Napster, game mods (see QQQ for an interesting example).

Suggested reading for the presentations includes:

Shaviro, Steven. Connected, Or What it Means to Live in the Network Society. Minneapolis, MN: Minnesota Press, 2003, pp. 1-50. ISBN: 0816643636. ( Steven Shaviro )

Prigogine, Ilya, and Isabelle Stengers. Order Out of Chaos. New York, NY: Bantam, 1984.

Barabasi, Albert-Laszlo. Linked: How Everything Is Connected to Everything Else and What It Means . New York, NY: Plume, 2003.

Public Library of Science

The assignment is to write a 5-7 pages on an independent research topic. For format information see “Guidelines for Papers.”

All papers must use at least 3 reference sources. The relevance, accuracy, and source of the reference material as it pertains to the paper topic are to be gauged by the student. The purpose of the library orientation class and our discussions in lecture and recitation about valid references should be taken into account when choosing sources, as they will be taken into account in the grading of the paper.

Suggested topic for the paper: An investigation of and report on a new media format or genre. For example, a discussion of the technology behind or the use of the following applications would be an appropriate subject: history of search engines, history of Internet, Blogs, wiki, sms and the new media-rich models for telephones, RSS, blogs, “identity sites” such as Friendster, and My Place, Napster, game mods (see QQQ for an interesting example).

Suggested reading for the paper includes:

Shaviro, Steven. Connected, Or What it Means to Live in the Network Society . Minneapolis, MN: Minnesota Press, 2003, pp. 1-50. ISBN: 0816643636. ( Steven Shaviro )

The third paper should be a rewrite of your first or second paper. (You will get your second paper back, with comments). If you want to discuss one of your previous papers with your TA before rewriting, you should arrange to do so no later than Friday afternoon. If you are satisfied with both of your previous papers, you should use this paper to expand upon some aspect or issue that you have already touched upon.

Project 2 (Podcast)

Personal Podcast: We will give an introduction to podcasts and describe this project in more detail during the lecture, but here are some initial details: your podcast should be a minimum of 10 minutes (and a maximum of 30, unless you’ve got something really good in mind). The content of this podcast can be anything you want, but be advised that your podcast:

• might be played in lecture for the class to discuss, and
• will be made available for download from the department Web site.

So if you wouldn’t want your friends, family or significant other to hear it, you probably shouldn’t include it in your podcast. Check the wiki (after the class) for details on free software that you can use to record the podcast.

Media Assignment 2

Load Podcast to class site.

Final project and Class Presentation 2

Since this project accounts for 40% of your grade, you might want to read this carefully. Your final project should (ideally) consist of some type of “creative engagement” with the topic from your group oral presentations. What this means is up to your group, but we’d encourage you to draw upon your own creative skills, talents and experience: video games, audio/video projects, flash animations, dramatic performances, machinima are all fair game; the more creative, the better. If there’s a specific project you’d like to tackle, but are worried that you don’t have the experience or the necessary equipment to execute, let your TA know. We’ll try to work with you (within reason) to make it happen. You’re also encouraged to talk to us if you have ideas or questions, and to make sure you’re on the right track. Your group should also write a 5-page paper explaining the work You’ve done, what your goals and ideas were, and how you pursued those goals in the specifics of your project. During one of the final four class sessions, your group will present (and explain) your project to the class. Unless you get prior approval from your TA for a longer presentation, you will be stopped at 10 minutes , so practice your presentation ahead of time to make sure you don’t run out of time. If you’re really averse to creative projects, you can opt for an extended group research paper; said paper should be 15-20 pages, and present more substantial research and argumentation than your individual papers have. Since this is supposed to be a fun assignment, consider the paper a last resort.

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Using Media to Enhance Teaching and Learning

Developed by G. Dirk Mateer , Penn State University, with considerable help from Linda S. Ghent , Eastern Illinois University, Tod Porter, Youngstown State University and Ray Purdom, University of North Carolina at Greensboro.

What is Using Media to Enhance Teaching and Learning?

Media can be a component of active learning strategies such as group discussions or case studies. Media could be a a film clip, a song you hear on the radio, podcast of a lecture or newspaper article. Students can also create their own media. For example, student video projects can be a powerful learning experience.

Why Teach with Media to Enhance Teaching and Learning?

How to teach with media to enhance teaching and learning, examples of using media to enhance teaching and learning.

      Next Page »

Media and Influence

This unit is designed to teach students about media influence on politics and society. Students learn how the media and interest groups influence discussions that take place in the “public sphere” and ultimately influence the government. They also identify and apply the seven types of propaganda to see how messages are designed to influence us individually.  The unit challenges students to take a critical look at all these sources of constructed messages through simulations, vocabulary-building activities, and real world applications.

Topics at a Glance: media influence on politics and society | role of media | media literacy | forms of propaganda | public sphere

Choose Grade Level:

• Middle School
• High School

NewsFeed Defenders Extension Pack

NewsFeed Defenders

Rachel carson’s fight for the environment.

Ethel Payne: First Lady of the Black Press

Propaganda: what's the message.

Interest Groups

The Role of Media

The Public Sphere

See how it all fits together.

English Compositions

Short Essay on Power of Media [100, 200, 400 Words] With PDF

In today’s lesson, you will learn how you can write short essays on ‘Power of Media.’ There will be three different sets of short essays on the same topic covering different word limits. 

Short Essay on Power of Media in 100 Words

The term ‘’media’’ is derived from the word ‘’medium’’, which refers to the way through which information is transferred from one person to another. Media as the collection of several types of equipment enable the spreading of news and messages far and wide.

Several modes of communication like television, telephone, radio, internet, newspaper, advertisements, allow us to impart knowledge about important issues in our life. Media is extremely powerful in its speed of spreading accurate information. At any specific time, we observe how media personals work at several places and give us the news most required. Any scandal, rumour, facts,  everything is noted by the media and explained to us in due course. 

Short Essay on Power of Media in 200 Words

Media is the way of mass communication and entertainment. It is the process through which the masses of people are communicated and united under one single piece of information. Media or the several forms of information medium fall under the group of information technology.

All of them act together to deliver error-free news and information so that democracy is not disturbed by fake information. Media includes newspapers, magazines, telephone, television, internet, advertisement, emails, messages, cinemas, and others. Media acts through both audio and visual effects to create the maximum effect. 

The biggest power of media lies in its potential to persuade people to take necessary action. When we hear a newsreader dictating the news, then the listeners are swayed by the intonation of the reader. The person speaks in order to claim the truthfulness of the piece of information. In the exact same manner, a newspaper is organized to direct the opinions of the readers in a certain course.

Advertisements are the most powerful ways of media. We are highly influenced by it and inspired to take ready actions that are necessary. At present, the internet is the media that share all news with the greatest speed. 

Short Essay on Power of Media in 400 Words

The influence of media in our lives is of immense importance. It not only imparts us news and pieces of information but is the biggest source of entertainment. Cinema and music as parts of media give us pure joy and happiness, which also enables us to entertain ourselves. Yet the majority of the media is concentrated on gathering correct information and delivering it to the country.

Media includes newspapers, radio, T.V., telephone, internet, advertisements, placards and posters, and others. All these are our constant companions that allow us to form our opinions on different issues regarding life, society, and country. 

Media is powerful in its mode of persuasion. The biggest capacity of any media equipment is that it can easily manipulate the opinion of people and allow them to form a specific sort of perspective. The best weapon in this regard is the newspaper. The way a newspaper is arranged and the headlines are prepared, makes this persuasion quite easy. The visual and literal aspects of a newspaper are the sole power of media. The same goes for the advertisements as well.

The visual and written content of advertisements equally influences us to buy a product or service. For the newsreaders, their intonation is the power. The way they narrate a news story enables listeners to realize the significance of the news. The diction of a newsreader is important in this regard that helps to grab the attention of the people. Media is the potential way to unite the country under one principle and equal opinion. The issue lies with the efficiency of the journalist.

He risks every danger so as to collect authentic news for the benefit of mankind. The efficiency of the strength of media lies at every stratum of collecting the information and converting it into the news. Be it the print media or the audio method, all require this adept nature to strongly create a safe environment for news channels.

Media is both effective and effective. In this regard, the nature of the internet can be considered. Even in the most difficult circumstances internet becomes the den of evil and fake news. It creates unnecessary commotion among innocent folks and is equally responsible for disrupting the peace and stability of the nation.

The capacity to create public opinion is used for dangerous purposes and the power of media is wasted for the benefit of evil people. It is thus the knowledge of the people to not accept all news blindly. Media is effective in spreading the news within the shortest period. However, careful utilization of this power is expected.

Hopefully, after going through this session, you have a  holistic idea about writing short essays on the topic ‘Power of Media.’ I have written these essays in very simple words for a better understanding of all kinds of students. Kindly comment down your doubts, if you still have any. 

Keep browsing our website to read more such short essays on various important topics. And don’t forget to join us on Telegram to get all the latest updates. Thank you. 

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• Atlanta Braves Injuries

Sean Murphy will begin a rehab assignment next week

More good news on the injury front.

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There is some good news on the injury front for the Atlanta Braves as a couple of key players are nearing returns. Barring any setbacks, catcher Sean Murphy will begin a rehab assignment next week per MLB.com’s Mark Bowman.

Acuña is just getting a day off. Murphy will begin a rehab assignment next week — Mark Bowman (@mlbbowman) May 15, 2024

Murphy suffered an oblique injury on Opening Day in Philadelphia and has been on the injured list ever since. He has been traveling with the team and has recently been ramping up his activity. Travis d’Arnaud has seen the bulk of playing time in Murphy’s absence with Chadwick Tromp acting as the backup.

Additionally, reliever Pierce Johnson threw live BP prior to Wednesday’s game and could be activated as soon as Friday’s series opener against the San Diego Padres .

Pierce Johnson just threw live BP to Tromp and Short. He’ll likely be activated Friday. — Mark Bowman (@mlbbowman) May 15, 2024

Johnson was placed on the 15-day injured list retroactively to May 1 due to inflammation in his elbow. Brian Snitker said at the time that they didn’t think the injury was serious, but they wanted to give Johnson some time for it to calm down.

Johnson has been a key piece of Atlanta’s bullpen ever since coming over in a trade with the Colorado Rockies at last season’s deadline. He re-signed with the club during the offseason and has made 13 appearances where he has a 3.00 ERA and a 2.80 FIP in 12 innings.

More From Battery Power

• Atlanta Braves 2024 Regular Season Schedule and Results
• Offensive struggles continue for Braves in 3-1 loss to Padres
• Travis d’Arnaud leaves game with dizziness (UPDATED)
• David Fletcher likely to be investigated by MLB for gambling ties, per report
• Padres vs. Braves Game Thread
• Padres vs. Braves: May 17-20

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What’s Open and What’s Closed in Houston After Severe Storms

Following severe weather on Thursday, May 16, many Houston restaurants remain without power

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Share All sharing options for: What’s Open and What’s Closed in Houston After Severe Storms

A powerful line of severe thunderstorms swept through southeastern Texas and Louisiana on Thursday evening, causing the deaths of at least four people , and leaving more than 800,000 Houstonians without power and electricity. The storm battered the Houston metropolitan area, and winds reported as high as 78 mph damaged local businesses, shattered windows in high-rise buildings, and toppled transmission towers that hold power lines — leaving numerous Houstonians without power for over 12 hours.

As city workers work to clean roads and highways, The Harris County Sheriff’s Office and National Weather Service encouraged everyone to stay off the roads . The Houston Independent School District (HISD) canceled classes for the day, and many businesses are also weathering the impact. Some restaurants and bars are facing extensive damage , and many restaurants have announced closures on Friday due to ongoing power outages. Some Houston chefs are providing hot meals to those in need as the city recovers from the storm.

As locals wait to regain power, Eater Houston will be tracking the establishments that have closed for the day, restaurants that are still open for business, and restaurants that have suffered extensive damage from the storm. We’ll also update this story with information on any food service and donation efforts to support those in need of hot food and services. Check back to this space for more information as it becomes available.

Who’s Helping

• Chef Evelyn Garcia of Jūn shared in an Instagram post that the Heights restaurant is still without power, but she and her team have food and gas to cook with. The chef will be handing out free hot meals between 1 p.m. and 4 p.m, and is accepting virtual donations .
• Co-owner Erin Feges announced that the Spring Branch location of Feges BBQ is without power, but the team will fire up the smokers at 11 a.m. and serve hot meals to the community — free of charge.
• The Southern Smoke Foundation is offering assistance to food and hospitality workers and is accepting donations to support industry workers impacted by the storms.
• The Spring Branch location of Underbelly Burger is offering free burgers to those in need of a hot meal. The power is out — so the team will cook from a grill trailer in the front of the restaurant. There’s a limit of one free burger per person; burgers are free, or customers may pay what they can afford with cash or through Venmo.

These restaurants have announced that they will be open for regular business hours on Friday, May 17

• Kolache Shoppe — All locations, except in the Heights, are open Friday.
• Brennan’s of Houston — Brennan’s of Houston is open during its regular hours on Friday.
• Belly of the Beast — The restaurant will be open for dinner from 5 p.m. to 9 p.m. on Friday.
• Spanish Flowers Mexican Restaurant — The Durham and North Freeway locations are open.
• La Mexicana — The restaurant announced that it’s open with power and a full bar.
• Taste Kitchen and Bar — The restaurant is open during its regular hours on Friday.
• Trash Panda Drinking Club — The bar will open at 4 p.m. on Friday.
• Dish Society — The West University and Katy locations are open on Friday.
• Duck N Bao — The Memorial location is open on Friday.
• Hongdae 33 (Chinatown) — Open on Friday.
• Bagel Shop Bakery — Open on Friday.
• New York Deli — Open on Friday.
• Hugo’s — Open on Friday.
• Caracol — Open on Friday.
• Xochi — Open on Friday.
• Pizaro’s — The Montrose location is open on Friday.
• The Original Ninfa’s Uptown — Open on Friday.
• Willie’s Grill and Icehouse — All locations, except Copperfield and Barker Cypress, are open on Friday.
• Molina’s Cantina — All locations are open on Friday.
• 8th Wonder Brewery — Open on Friday.
• Gatlin’s Fins and Feathers — Open on Friday with a limited menu.
• Axelrad — Open on Friday.
• Buc-ee’s — All locations are open on Friday.
• Backstreet Cafe — Open on Friday.
• URBE — Open on Friday.
• Sylvia’s Enchilada Kitchen — The Elridge location is open on Friday.
• Etoile Cuisine et Bar — Following a power outage on Thursday night during the storm, the restaurant is open for lunch and dinner on Friday.
• State of Grace — Open on Friday.
• Kokoro — Open on Friday.
• Little Rey — Open on Friday.
• Cocody Restaurant & Bar — Open on Friday.
• il Bracco — Open on Friday.
• Doris Metropolitan — Open on Friday.
• Phat Eatery — Open on Friday.
• Christian’s Tailgate — Open on Friday.
• Slowpokes — The Levy Park and West University locations are open on Friday. Both locations offer WiFi, coffee, food, and cell phone charging stations.
• Lucille’s — The restaurant is open for lunch and dinner on Friday.
• Paradigm Brewing — The brewery is open and has available WiFi.
• Field & Tides — Open on Friday.
• Angel Share Houston - The bar is open on Friday and will offer ice, water, food, beer, and bar games. The bar has air conditioning, and visitors may charge their phones.
• Comfort Foodies — The restaurant is open on Friday and will offer meals at a reduced price of $9.95 from 11 a.m. – 9 p.m.
• Betelgeuse Betelgeuse — The Montrose location is open on Friday.
• Catbirds — Catbirds is open on Friday.
• Late August — Open on Friday.
• Auden — The restaurant is open for dinner on Friday, 5 p.m. to 10 p.m.
• Cafe Piquet Cuban Cuisine — Open on Friday.
• Dandelion Cafe — The Bellaire location is open regular hours.
• NettBar Shady Acres — Open on Friday with full kitchen, bar, and air conditioning.
• Flora — Open on Friday.
• Artisans — Open on Friday.
• Platypus Brewing Houston — Open on Friday.
• Georgia James — Open for dinner service, 5 p.m. – 11 p.m.
• Gotti’s — Open on Friday.
• Creole Kitchen and Daiquiris — Open on Friday.
• The Savoy — The bar and grill is open on Friday with charging stations and cold brew on tap. The Savoy will open early at 2 p.m., and happy hour is extended through 10 p.m.
• Amrina — Open on Friday.
• HandleBar — Open on Friday.
• d’Alba — Open on Friday with limited capacity and limited staff.
• Burger Joint — The Heights location is without power, but a food truck stationed in the parking lot will offer a limited menu
• The Toasted Coconut — The restaurant and hidden bar, Quiote , are open on Friday.
• Nobie’s — Open on Friday.
• Red Lion British Pub — Open on Friday.
• Grand Prize Bar — Open on Friday.
• Truck Yard — Open on Friday.
• Brasserie 19 — Open on Friday.
• Common Bond Bistro & Bakery — The Montrose and City Place locations are open on Friday.
• El Bolillo Bakery — The Mission Bend, Pasadena, and Airline locations are open on Friday.
• Liberty Kitchen — The River Oaks location is open on Friday.
• Lyric Market — Open on Friday.
• Reel Luxury Cinemas — Open on Friday.
• Star Cinema Grill — The City Centre, Richmond, and Spring, Baybrook, Missouri City locations are open on Friday.
• State Fare — All locations are open on Friday.
• The Audrey — Open on Friday.
• Reserve 101 — Open on Friday.
• Equal Parts Brewing — The taproom is open on Friday.
• Potente — Open on Friday.
• The Upside Pub — The pub doesn’t have power but does have beer and wine on ice, plus mixed drinks.
• Porta’Vino — The Woodlands location is open on Friday.
• Koffeteria — The bakery is open on Friday.
• Burger Chan — While the burger shop suffered damage from the storm, it opened on Friday for lunch service.
• Mimo — The restaurant is open for dinner on Friday.

Who’s Closed

The following restaurants have announced closures due to the local storms and associated power outages

• Henderson & Kane — Henderson & Kane is closed until further notice.
• Kolache Shoppe — The Heights location is closed on Friday.
• Brass Tacks | Coffee + Bar — The coffee shop and bar is closed on Friday. It did not announce when it will reopen, but a video shows extensive damage to the building’s interior.
• Nancy’s Hustle — Nancy’s Hustle is closed until power returns.
• Street to Kitchen — The restaurant is closed on Friday.
• M-K-T Heights — The property announced that it is closed until further notice, and advised visitors to call in advance for information on weekend hours.
• Pappadeaux — The chain announced that many of its locations are closed due to power outages. Information is available on its website .
• Goode Co. Kitchen and Cantina — The Memorial and Heights locations are closed for lunch on Friday.
• Kenny & Ziggy’s — The deli is closed until further notice.
• a’Bouzy Restaurant — The restaurant is closed on Friday.
• Blood Bros . — The restaurant is closed on Friday.
• The Blind Goat — The restaurant is closed without power until further notice.
• Stuffed Belly — The restaurant is closed without power until further notice.
• Gristworkz — The brewery is closed on Friday and until further notice.
• Duck N Bao — The Cypress location is closed on Friday.
• Dish Society — The Heights and Memorial locations are closed on Friday.
• The Original Ninfa’s on Navigation — The Navigation location is closed until further notice.
• Rainbow Lodge — The restaurant is closed until power returns.
• Sylvia’s Enchilada Kitchen — The Woodway location is closed until power returns.
• Balboa Surf Club — The restaurant is closed on Friday.
• Hamsa — The restaurant is closed on Friday.
• Hungry’s — Both locations are closed on Friday.
• La Lucha — Closed until power is restored.
• Superica — Closed until power is restored.
• Gatlin’s Barbecue — The restaurant is closed on Friday.
• The Warwick — The restaurant is closed on Friday.
• Xin Chào — The restaurant is closed on Friday.
• Be More Pacific — The restaurant is closed until further notice.
• Dandelion Cafe — The Rice location is closed and will reopen on Monday.
• EaDough Bakery — Closed on Friday without power; expects to open tomorrow at 7 a.m. – 3 p.m.
• 93’ Til — The restaurant is closed until further notice.
• Squable — The restaurant is closed without power on Friday.
• Better Luck Tomorrow — The restaurant is closed without power.
• Gratify — The restaurant is closed without power.
• Skokku Ramen — The restaurant is temporarily closed.
• Porta’Vino — The Heights location is closed without power.
• Ema — The restaurant is closed without power on Friday and hopes to reopen on Saturday.

This story has been updated to include additional information about restaurants, and local efforts to support those in need of food services.

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Yankees tip hand on Jasson Dominguez’s future a day after start of rehab assignment

• Updated: May. 16, 2024, 1:22 a.m. |
• Published: May. 15, 2024, 6:55 p.m.

Yankees outfielder Jasson Dominguez began a rehab assignment with Low A Tampa on Tuesday night. Photo courtesy Mark LoMoglio | Tampa Tarpons

• Randy Miller | NJ Advance Media for NJ.com

MINNEAPOLIS — The Yankees already know what they’ll do with No. 1 prospect J asson Dominguez once his 20-day rehab assignment is up on June 4.

He’ll be optioned to Triple-A Scranton/Wilkes-Barre and not rejoin the Yankees as a starting center fielder or bench player.

Not right away.

Maybe not even this season.

Dominguez is rusty after undergoing Tommy John surgery last Sept. 20 and then rehabbing with no games for almost eight months.

The Yankees haven’t announced their plans for Dominguez, and they won’t until they have to, but manager Aaron Boone practically did so prior to Wednesday night’s 4-0 win over the Twins .

When Boone was asked if Dominguez needs the equivalent of a full spring training, he responded, “Yeah, a month’s worth of playing and building up.”

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RESTORING THE GLORY

Dominguez played his first rehab game on Tuesday night. Hitting second and DHing for Low A Tampa, the switch-hitter was 1-for-3 with a walk in four plate appearances. He was 1-for-2 facing former Yankees right-hander Domingo German, who started for Bradenton in his season debut a member of hte Pirates organization.

Dominguez, who was given a planned rest day on Wednesday, will only DH for about two weeks and then start playing some center. The Yankees want him playing a bunch of minor-league games in the outfield to get his throwing arm into regular-season playing shape.

That’s one reason why Dominguez will be optioned.

Another is the Yankees are happy with the outfield options that they have on their current 26-man roster – starters Juan Soto in right, Aaron Judge in center, Alex Verdugo in left, fourth outfielder Trent Grisham (even though he’s not hitting a lick) plus super utility man Oswaldo Cabrera and DH Giancarlo Stanton.

On Dominguez, Boone said, “He’s in the first days of spring training games and for the first couple of weeks he’s just going to be DHing. Let’s just get out of his way right now. Get him right and get him playing and get him the regular reps and then we’ll see where we are.

“Hopefully in 10 days, two weeks from now we’re getting him into the outfield and starting to really build him up. And then if we have a decision to make at some point, we’ll obviously make that. But that’s a long ways off.”

Thank you for relying on us to provide the journalism you can trust. Please consider supporting us with a subscription.

Randy Miller may be reached at [email protected] .

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‘Bird’ Review: Andrea Arnold Taps the Star Power of Barry Keoghan and Franz Rogowski but Returns to Her Bleak British Roots in a Coming-of-Age Fairy Tale

Nykiya Adams plays a 12-year-old mired in kitchen-sink miserablism. Rogowski is the eccentric stranger who's even stranger than she thought.

By Owen Gleiberman

Owen Gleiberman

Chief Film Critic

• ‘Scénarios’ Review: Cannes Premieres a Short Completed by Jean-Luc Godard the Day Before His Death, and Also a Film About the Making of It 6 hours ago
• ‘Bird’ Review: Andrea Arnold Taps the Star Power of Barry Keoghan and Franz Rogowski but Returns to Her Bleak British Roots in a Coming-of-Age Fairy Tale 1 day ago
• ‘Wild Diamond’ Review: Agathe Reidinger’s Drama About a 19-Year-Old Girl in Thrall to the False Gods of Social Media and Reality TV Announces the Arrival of a Major Filmmaker 2 days ago

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Barry Keoghan , who now carries himself differently as an actor (he gives off the awareness that he’s a star), plays Bug, a single father of two who lives in a squatter’s flat in Kent and spends exactly no time looking after his kids. What Bug has devoted too much time to is getting tattoos. His pale upper body is a menagerie of inked creatures: a fly, a spider, and — starting on the right side of his face — a huge intricate centipede that snakes down and around his neck. But Bug’s children just bug him.

Bailey’s head is topped with braids, but early on, in a fit of annoyance, she lops them off, which makes her look that much more stoic and forlorn. I should add that her half-brother, Hunter (Jason Buda), belongs to a shambles of a vigilante youth gang who like to put on creepy masks and terrorize locals who have bad reputations. The punishments meted out by this junior “Clockwork Orange” brigade (“Slice him!” says one of the gang) are arguably worse than the crimes.

There’s a place in the world, and sometimes a vital one, for a movie like “Bird,” which recalls the spirit of early Arnold films like “Fish Tank.” But it’s my feeling that Arnold, at this point, isn’t just making a coming-of-age drama of lost lives — she’s mainlining neorealist glumness. Keoghan’s performance is a bit of a showboat stunt (he’s supposed to be a terrible father but doesn’t seem like a father at all). And though Bug, it turns out, is about to marry his flame of three months (he will finance the wedding by selling a toad’s slime for its hallucinogenic properties), Bailey’s defiant hostility to this plan feels overstated. She’s 12, but she won’t even agree to put on a purple catsuit and be a bridesmaid. That’s “independence” taken to an unreal degree of precosity.

Wandering in a field, Bailey runs into a strange man who is wearing a skirt and a look of damaged sensitivity. His name is Bird, and he’s played by Franz Rogowski , the German actor whose performance as the prima donna filmmaker in Ira Sachs’ “Passages” made him into such a sociopath that he threw the movie out of whack. As a character, Bird hails from the opposite end of the emotional spectrum. He’s sweet and kind, he looks like a crushed-velvet version of Joaquin Phoenix crossed with Klaus Kinski, and everything about him is delicate. Bailey and Bird become friends, not because of any magical overlap in temperament, but because that’s the film’s high-concept premise. Bailey helps Bird to locate his biological father (who wants nothing to do with him). And he helps her by…well, let’s just say that he lives up to his name.

A gritty story of emotional poverty crossed with a fantasy-pal fairy tale? “Bird” will please Andrea Arnold obsessives, but apart from that I’m not sure there’s much of an audience for it. The film is Arnold trying to have the integrity of her severity and eat it too. “Bird” is a feel-bad movie that turns into a feel-good movie. What it never feels like is a totally authentic movie.

Reviewed at Cannes Film Festival (in competition), May 16, 2024. MPAA Rating: R. Running time: 119 MIN.

• Production: A BBC Film, Pinky Promise, Access Entertainment production. Producers: Tessa Ross, Juliette Howell, Lee Groombridge. Executive producers: Claude Amadeo, Mollye Asher, Len Blavatnik, Jessamine Burgum, Danny Cohen, Michael D’Alto, Kara Durrett, Randall Sandler, Chris Triana, Eva Yates.
• Crew: Director, screenplay: Andrea Arnold. Camera: Robbie Ryan, Editor: Joe Bini.
• With: Nykiya Adams, Franz Rogowski, Barry Keoghan. Jason Buda, James Nelson Joyce, Jasmine Jobson, Frankie Box.

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