movie quote in essay

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APA Style (7th Edition) Citation Guide: Films/Videos/TV Shows

• Introduction
• Journal Articles
• Magazine/Newspaper Articles
• Books & Ebooks
• Government & Legal Documents
• Biblical Sources
• Secondary Sources
• Films/Videos/TV Shows
• How to Cite: Other
• Additional Help

Table of Contents

Film or Video

Streaming Video From a Website (YouTube, Vimeo, etc.)

Streaming video from a subscription media website (netflix, amazon prime, hulu, etc.), streaming video from a library database, television series episode.

Note: All citations should be double spaced and have a hanging indent in a Reference List.

A "hanging indent" means that each subsequent line after the first line of your citation should be indented by 0.5 inches.

This Microsoft support page contains instructions about how to format a hanging indent in a paper.

Who to Credit - Film or Video

The director should be credited as the author of a film. If the director is unknown, someone in a similar role, such as a producer and/or writer, can be credited. To clarify what role the person has in the production, their job title such as Director is put after their name in round brackets if the job title is known.

Who to Credit - Streaming Video from a Website

For videos from websites such as YouTube or Vimeo, credit the person who posted the content. If a real name is provided, use that followed by the person's user name in square brackets. If the real name of the person who posted the content is not known, just use their user name without brackets.

Note : It is not necessary to specify how you watched a film or video (e.g. motion picture, DVD, streaming online). 

In the Body of a Paper

Books, Journals, Reports, Webpages, etc.: When you refer to titles of a “stand-alone work,” as the APA calls them on their APA Style website, such as books, journals, reports, and webpages, you should italicize them. Capitalize words as you would for an article title in a reference, e.g., In the book Crying in H Mart: A memoir , author Michelle Zauner (2021) describes her biracial origin and its impact on her identity.

Article or Chapter: When you refer to the title of a part of a work, such as an article or a chapter, put quotation marks around the title and capitalize it as you would for a journal title in a reference, e.g., In the chapter “Where’s the Wine,” Zauner (2021) describes how she decided to become a musician.

The APA Sample Paper below has more information about formatting your paper.

• APA 7th ed. Sample Paper

Film or Video

When the Director, Producer and/or Writer is known:

Director/Producer/Writer's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Job Title). (Year film was produced).  Title of film: Subtitle if any  [Film]. Production Company.

Note: If not produced in the United States, list the city name and the country.

Hallam, J. (Producer, Writer), & Lam, K. (Producer, Director). (2010).  Staff relations in healthcare: Working as a team  [Film]. Insight Media.

• When you have more than one producer, writer and/or writer to credit, separate the names with a comma and put an ampersand (&) before the last person's last name.
• Serling, R. (Executive Producer). (1959–1964). The twilight zone [TV series]. Cayuga Productions; CBS Productions.

In-Text Paraphrase:

(Producer/Director/Writer's Last Name, Year)

Example: (Hallam & Lam, 2010)

Note: This example has two people to credit, so both last names are given)

In-Text Quote:

(Producer/Director/Writer's Last Name, Year, Timestamp)

Example: (Hallam & Lam, 2010, 2:30)

Note: Because the timestamp serves the same purpose in a video as page numbers, paragraph numbers or section headings, you include it in the in-text citation. Include only the beginning timestamp.

When the Director, Producer and/or Writer is not known:  Start the citation with the film title.

Title of film: Subtitle if any  [Film]. (Year film was produced). Production Company if Known.

Era of viruses  [Film]. (2006). Films for the Humanities and Sciences.

( Title of Film , Year)

Example: ( Era of Viruses , 2006)

Note: Italicize the title of the film and capitalize the words for the in-text citation.

( Title of Film , Year, Timestamp)

Example: ( Era of Viruses , 2006, 40:00)

When the Poster's Name is known: 

Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial. of person who posted the video if known. [User name that posted the video]. (Year video was posted, Month Day).  Title of video  [Video]. Website Name. URL

Note: According to APA, for citing purposes the person who posted the video is credited as the author.

Nye, B. [TheRealBillNye]. (2009, April 8).  Bill Nye the science guy on energy  [Video]. YouTube. http://youtu.be/0ASLLiuejAo

(Creator's Last Name, Year)

Example: (Nye, 2009)

(Creator's Last Name, Year, timestamp)

Example: (Nye, 2009, 0:55)

When the Poster's Name is not known: 

User name that posted the video. (Year video was posted, Month Day).  Title of video  [Video]. Website Name. URL

All Aces Media. (2012, January 19).  Often awesome the series  [Video]. Vimeo. http://vimeo.com/35311255

(User name, Year)

Example: (All Aces Media, 2012)

Example: (All Aces Media, 2012, timestamp)

Producer's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Producer). (Year of Publication).  Title of Video  [Video]. Website Name. URL

Note:  When you have one producer (Producer) is used after the producer's name. If you have more than one producer use (Producers) instead.

Allen, T., et. al. (Producers). (2017). The story of Diana  [Video]. Netflix. http://www.netflix.com

(Producer Last name, Year)

Example: (Allen, et. al., 2017)

(Producer Last name, Year, Timestamp)

Example: (Allen, et. al., 2017, 6:45)

Name of Company/Organization that Provided Content or Creator's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial. if known. (Year video was created, Month Day if known).  Title of video  [Video]. Database Name.

National Film Board of Canada. (2014).  Making movie history: The women  [Video]. NFB Campus. 

(Name of Company/Organization, Year)

Example: (National Film Board of Canada, 2014)

(Name of Company/Organization, Year, Timestamp)

Writer, Producer and/or Director's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Job Title) if known. (Year the episode was originally aired). Title of episode (Season No., Episode No.) [TV series episode]. In Executive Producer's First Initial. Last Name (Executive producer) if known,  Television series name . Production Company.

Note: For other countries, list the city name and the country.

Young, R. (Writer, Producer, Director). (2010). Flying cheap (Season 2010, Episode 2) [TV series episode]. In  Frontline . American University School of Communication's Investigative Reporting Workshop.

(Writer, Producer and/or Director's Last Name, Year)

Example: (Young, 2010)

(Writer, Producer and/or Director's Last Name, Year, Timestamp)

Example: (Young, 2010, 15:38)

Television Series Episode Viewed on a Subscription Media Website 

Writer, Producer and/or Director's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Job Title) if known. (Year the episode was originally aired). Title of episode (Season No., Episode No.) [TV series episode]. In Executive Producer's First Initial. Last Name (Executive producer) if known,  Television series name . Streaming Video Site. URL

Attenborough, D. (Writer). (2001). Ocean world (Season 1, Episode 1) [TV series episode]. In A. Fothergill (Executive producer),  Blue planet: A natural history of the oceans . Netflix. http://www.netflix.com

Example: (Attenborough, 2001)

 (Writer, Producer and/or Director's Last Name, Year, Timestamp)

Example: (Attenborough, 2001, 10:12)

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• Last Updated: Apr 30, 2024 1:29 PM
• URL: https://libguides.up.edu/apa

How to Cite a Movie: MLA, APA, and Chicago Style

• Posted on January 28, 2022

Writing a research paper doesn’t mean limiting your sources to books and articles. You might use a movie, and if you do, you need to know how to cite it properly. Since there are different citation guides , you must follow the directions specific to your paper style.

The most popular formats are MLA style, APA format, and Chicago style. Each style guide has unique, yet very specific guidelines for spacing, punctuation, italics, and more.

Creating a movie citation for a motion picture you’re referencing protects you against plagiarism. When you’re using other people’s ideas or words, you have to credit them in your work. Otherwise, it looks like you’re passing the information off as your own. If you write anything that isn’t an original idea, you need to credit the person who said it first or you are plagiarizing.

Referencing a movie in your paper can take many different forms. You might mention the film in passing. You might compare it to other films or works of literature. You could also dedicate a whole paper to discussing one specific movie and its impact on popular culture.

You can quote lines from films in your paper just as you’d quote a researcher. Put the sentence in quotation marks and include an in-text citation. You’ll find out how to do that when you learn how to cite a movie in MLA, APA, and Chicago Style.

Common Movie Citation Formats

To cite a motion picture, you’ll need some basic information. Having these details on hand will help whether you’re using MLA, APA, or Chicago style for the film citation. All citation guides require information like:

• Title of the movie
• Name of the director
• Production company
• Film distributor
• Year of release

There are certain instances to use each format, so below are citation examples for MLA style, APA style, and Chicago style.

The  Modern Language Association  created MLA style. The handbook has undergone many changes over the years and is now in its ninth edition. It’s updated as technology and research change. The original handbook had information about citing books and papers, yet the modern edition tells you how to cite song lyrics, social media posts, and more.

You’re likely to use MLA style when writing papers for the humanities, such as language arts or cultural studies. Writing a film critique or using movies to comment on society falls under the humanities umbrella, and you are likely to use MLA style for such projects.

MLA Style Movie Citations

Citing a movie in MLA style is very similar to citing other sources. Start with the movie title in italics, then identify the director or directors. You can list a few stars if you mention them in your paper. This level of detail helps readers find the exact citation in your MLA Works Cited page.

Most of the punctuation in a movie citation using MLA format is a comma. This punctuation differs from other MLA citations that use a lot of periods or put information in parenthesis. Here is an example of a movie formatted for an MLA citation:

Movie. Directed by Bob Action, performances by Ima Star, Big Name, and Too Famous, Movie Studios, 2020.

It’s a straightforward process with room to specify what version you’re referencing if there are multiple versions of the film. In that case, you would add the version after the director’s name. For example:

Movie. Directed by Bob Action, extended version, Movie Studios, 2020.

If you watched the movie on a streaming service, you should indicate that information. Just as when you’re citing journal articles found online with a URL or DOI, the streaming service helps the reader find the exact film.

Most streaming services upload the regular version of the movie, but including this detail erases all doubt.  Netflix  and other streaming services change up their inventory periodically, so cover your bases by including the date you watched the movie. Otherwise, a reader might think you’re making up information because the film isn’t currently available through the service.

Maybe the service censored the line you quoted, and people who own the DVD know the real language. They might think you got the information wrong in your paper. When they go to your reference page, they’ll see where you accessed the movie and understand how your experience could differ. Here is an example of a movie formatted for an MLA citation if it was on a streaming service:

Movie. Directed by Bob Action, Movie Studios, 2020. Netflix, 13 May 2021.

You can also cite movies you watched on  YouTube . The format is similar to that of a streaming service, except you include the name of the user who uploaded the film and the specific URL. For example:

Movie. Directed by Bob Action, Movie Studios, 2020. Movie. Directed by Bob Action, performances by Ima Star, Big Name, and Too Famous, Movie Studios, 2020. YouTube, uploaded by Film Appreciation Community, 13 May 2021, http://www.youtube.com/specificvideo .

When you compile your works cited list, you’ll put the movie citation in alphabetical order according to the movie title.

MLA Style In-text Citations

You need to include an in-text citation whenever you mention the film in your paper. If you paraphrase anything from the movie, you need to show the reader what you’re referencing. Text citations are easy to figure out once you have the reference completed for your works cited page.

Use parentheses to signal that you’re citing a source in the body of your paper. After the opening parenthesis, put the movie title in italics. For example:

However, there are other times when you’ll need in-text citations. If you use a direct quote from the movie, close the quotation marks of the passage, and include the text citation before the ending punctuation. This citation will include the title of the movie and the timestamp of when the character speaks the specific line. You still put the movie title in italics inside of the parenthesis. Follow the title with the timestamp and duration of the line using a semicolon to show the time. For example:

(Movie 15:10-35)

If the quote goes beyond one minute, clarify the time range with more details, such as:

(Movie 15:10-16:07)

You can also mention the movie title in your text using general context without needing an in-text citation. For example:

In Movie, the viewer goes on a wild adventure that spans just two hours.

If you mention a specific part of the movie, you’ll need to add an in-text citation with the time stamp. For example:

In Movie, the viewer first visits the graveyard at night (1:03-50).

If the movie title is long, you can shorten it to the first few words, so your in-text citations are concise.

The  American Psychological Association  created the APA style guide. It has detailed parameters for academic and research papers. You use the APA format when working in the social sciences, like psychology, sociology, economics, and related fields.

APA Style Movie Citations

While a movie citation in MLA style is very basic, there is more specific formatting for an APA citation. Instead of starting with the movie title, you list the director starting with the last name, then the first initial. Specify that the person is the director in parentheses. Documentaries would have a producer instead of a director, so you’d use that job title instead.

Next, you put the year the company produced the movie, then the title. In square brackets, specify that it’s a film because TV shows use a similar style, and last is the name of the production company. Here is an example of a movie formatted for an APA citation:

Action, B. (Director). (2020). Movie [Film]. Movie Studios.

You might refer to the special features included on a DVD version of the film, so you’ll add this information to your citation. For example:

Action, B. (Director). (2020). Movie [Film; DVD release]. Movie Studios.

If you watched the film on a streaming service, the citation includes those details as well. For example:

Action, B. (Director). (2020). Movie [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.netflix.com

When you compile your reference list, you’ll put the movie citation in alphabetical order according to the director’s last name.

APA Style In-text Citations

In-text citations for APA format are similar to those of MLA style. As always, you use parentheses to offset the information from the body of your paper and the citation goes inside of the ending punctuation of a sentence.

While MLA uses the movie title, APA calls for the director’s last name and the year of the movie. For example:

(Action, 2020)

If you’re quoting the film or mentioning a specific scene, include the timestamp after the director’s name and year. For example:

(Action, 2020, 0:15:10)

Chicago Style

The University of Chicago created  Chicago Style  for use in the humanities, sciences, and social sciences. This format differs from both MLA and APA by having a bibliography instead of works cited or reference pages. Some papers using Chicago Style ask for you to create endnotes as well.

Chicago Style Movie Citations

Chicago Style has two options: author-date or notes-bibliography. Your professor will tell you what to use for a student paper. If you’re writing an article to submit to a journal, the submission guidelines will clarify which format you need to use.

The author-date format is similar to APA citations. You start with the director’s last name, then their first name, then the job title of the director. This detail is to clarify the person’s role in the movie because a documentary would have a producer instead of a director.

Next is the year the production company released the movie, followed by the movie’s title in italics. Check out this citation example to see how similar it is to APA format:

Action, Bob, director. 2020. Movie. Movie Studios.

If you watched the movie online, you would add the streaming service and direct URL to the movie. Here is an example:

Action, Bob, director. 2020. Movie. Netflix. http://www.netflix.com/movieaddress

If you’re using the notes-bibliography style instead of author-date, you need all the same information but the order is different. Here is an example:

Action, Bob, director. Movie. Movie Studios, 2020.

If you watched the movie online through a streaming service, you add that information in slightly different places as well. For example:

Action, Bob, director. Movie. Netflix, 2020. http://www.netflix.com/movieaddress

Chicago Style In-text Citations

The author-date in-text citation format is also similar to APA’s text citation, without a comma. In Chicago Style, an author-date in-text citation example is:

(Action 2020)

If you’re referencing a specific quote or scene, you’d include the timestamp of the duration. Instead of using a dash like in MLA format, you write the word “to.” Here is an example:

(Action 2020 0:15:10 to 0:15:35)

The in-text citations for author-date style are the same whether you watched the movie on DVD or on Netflix. The reader can find that information when they look for the citation in your bibliography.

When you’re using the notes-bibliography style, in-text citations are understandably different. You number the note and include all the information from the bibliography citation for the first note. Later, you can use a shortened note to reference each movie version because you’ve already given the entire information in the first note.

Considerations for Citing Movies

Citing a movie isn’t too different from citing a book across various style guides, but you must pay attention to the details. Streaming services like Netflix and Hulu  changed the TV industry . It’s very simple to access movies and TV series you might not find otherwise.

When you watch movies online, make sure to cite if it came from Netflix or if it’s a YouTube video. While this article focused on movie citations, there are also differences when citing a TV show or podcast.

Easy Ways to Cite a Movie

Once you learn the basic information needed for a citation, it’s relatively simple to follow the specific formats for MLA, APA, or Chicago Style.

Doing large amounts of research can make it hard to focus on your references. Using the  Quetext citation generator  simplifies the process for you. Whether you’re working on an academic paper, a professional article, or checking your students’ work, Quetext helps with the citations while also checking for any sign of plagiarism.

Take out the stress and confusion of punctuation and parentheses, and let Quetext do the work for you.

Sign Up for Quetext Today!

Click below to find a pricing plan that fits your needs.

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How do I create an in-text citation for a film?

Note: This post relates to content in the eighth edition of the MLA Handbook . For up-to-date guidance, see the ninth edition of the MLA Handbook .

The in-text citation for a film should key to a works-cited-list entry. If you list a film under its title, you must refer to the title in your writing or cite it parenthetically:

Point of No Return , a remake of Nikita , deviates from the original French movie in several ways. Luc Besson ( Nikita ) and John Badham ( Point ) approach the figure of the femme fatale differently in their films. Works Cited Nikita. Directed by Luc Besson, Gaumont / Les Films du Loup, 1990. Point of No Return . Directed by John Badham, Warner Bros., 1993.

If you list a film under the director’s name, you must discuss or cite the director:

Luc Besson and John Badham approach the figure of the femme fatale differently in their films. Point of No Return (Badham), a remake of  Nikita (Besson), deviates from the original French movie in several ways. Works Cited Badham, John, director. Point of No Return.  Warner Bros., 1993. Besson, Luc, director. Nikita . Gaumont / Les Films du Loup, 1990.

How to Quote a Movie in an Essay in Different Styles?

Movies are more than just entertainment—they're also valuable resources for academic writing. Quoting movies in essays can bring your arguments to life and make them more relatable to your readers. Whether you're emphasizing a point, establishing authority, or enhancing clarity, a well-placed movie quote can pack a punch that paraphrasing or summarizing simply can't match.

In today's educational landscape, where courses often integrate audiovisual materials, knowing how to quote a movie is becoming increasingly important. Whether you're studying Arts, Engineering, Programming, Sound Recording, or 3D Design, you'll likely encounter situations where citing films is necessary.

But it's not just about throwing in a quote here and there. Improper citing can land you in plagiarism trouble, especially when dealing with audiovisual sources. That's why understanding the proper methods for putting a quote in an essay is crucial.

This guide will walk you through the ins and outs of how to cite movie quotes, covering everything from formatting requirements to citation styles. By following these guidelines, you'll not only enhance the credibility and engagement of your work but also ensure it meets the standards of academic writing.

Types of Citations

Citing different types of quotes in an essay correctly requires sticking to the right instructions. These instructions usually come from formatting guidelines found in popular styling guides such as APA, MLA, and the Chicago Manual of Style. Sometimes, Turabian styling is also used, which is quite similar to the Chicago manual.

In practice, you'll use two main types of citations: in-text citations and a bibliography. In text citation for a movie points directly to your quote within the text and guides readers to the full source listed in your bibliography. Making mistakes in one can throw off the accuracy of the other, so it's crucial to get both right.

You don't have to become an expert in every styling guide out there, though. Whether it's an APA citation for movie or MLA, you'll just need to know the specific rules of the one your professor or publisher asks for.

Now, understanding how to cite a movie quote MLA or APA style can be a bit challenging. Academic writing formats can vary, and when it comes to citing online sources like YouTube or physical media such as CDs, things can get even trickier. Universities usually prefer APA, MLA, or Chicago academic formats, each with its own unique features. But don't worry, that's where we come in—to guide you through the specifics of each style when it comes to knowing how to quote a film.

Audiovisual Citations

Though written sources are more common in academic research, using audiovisual content is getting more popular, especially in areas like media studies, communication, and film analysis. It's important to know how to cite these materials correctly to maintain academic honesty and give credit to creators. Audiovisual citations cover a wide range of materials like:

• documentaries
• online videos

When citing audiovisual sources, you need to think about the format of the material and how accessible it is, as well as its role in your research. For example, citing movie quotes might be different from citing a YouTube video or a podcast episode. You might need to include details like the director, producer, actors, release date, and even the specific part you're referencing.

By giving detailed citations for audiovisual content, researchers make it easier to check sources and keep academic standards high in a world where multimedia is increasingly important. Below are some examples of how to quote a film, along with other audiovisual sources.

MLA Movie Citation

Knowing how to cite a movie MLA 8 follows a specific format to ensure clarity and consistency in academic writing. When citing a movie in your bibliography or works cited page, you need to include key information such as the title, director, performers, studio, release year, and format. Ensure the name of the movie is italicized, and list performers after the director's name.

Format: Author(s). Title of Movie . Director's Name, Performers' Names, Studio, Release Year.

For specific examples of how to quote movies and different audiovisuals, keep on reading!

Audio Recording

Citing audio recordings, such as podcasts or music albums, in MLA style requires attention to detail to accurately credit the creators. In addition to the title and creator(s), you also need to include information about the medium (e.g., podcast episode, song) and any relevant contributors (e.g., guest speakers, featured artists).

Format: Author(s)/Performer(s). Title of Recording . Publisher, Publication Date.

Example 1: Podcast Episode Gladwell, Malcolm. "The Lady Vanishes." Revisionist History, Slate, 2016.

In this example:

• Gladwell, Malcolm is the creator of the podcast episode.
• The Lady Vanishes is the title of the podcast episode.
• Slate is the publisher.
• 2016 is the publication date of the episode.

If you want to include an in text citation example MLA, you might write something like: Gladwell discusses the mysterious disappearance in his podcast episode "The Lady Vanishes" (Gladwell).

Example 2: Music Album Swift, Taylor. Folklore . Republic Records, 2020.

• Swift, Taylor is the performer and likely the main creator of the music album.
• Folklore is the title of the music album.
• Republic Records is the publisher.
• 2020 is the publication date of the album.

Below, let's find out how to cite a movie quote in MLA!

Film/Motion Picture

When citing a film or motion picture in MLA style, it's important to include essential details such as the director, performers, studio, release year, and format. This ensures that readers can easily locate the referenced material and understand its context within your research.

Format: Director(s). Title of Film . Performers' Names, Studio, Release Year, Format.

Example: Tarantino, Quentin. Pulp Fiction . Performances by John Travolta and Uma Thurman, Miramax Films, 1994, film.

• Tarantino, Quentin is the director of the film.
• Pulp Fiction is the name of the film.
• John Travolta and Uma Thurman are performers in the film.
• Miramax Films is the studio that produced the film.
• 1994 is the release year of the film.

Now, if you want to know how to quote a movie in MLA, follow these guidelines:

• If you're quoting dialogue from a movie, include the character's name and the timestamp of the scene in the format (Director's Last Name timestamp). For example, (Tarantino 01:23:45).
• Ensure that the quote is faithfully reproduced from the movie and enclose it in double quotation marks.
• Provide the specific details of the scene to help readers locate the quote within the movie.
• Remember to include the movie title in italics and the director's last name in parentheses in your in-text citation.

For instance, if you were quoting a memorable line from "Pulp Fiction" directed by Quentin Tarantino, your in-text citation would look like this:

"The path of the righteous man is beset on all sides by the inequities of the selfish and the tyranny of evil men" (Tarantino 00:42:17).

Radio Broadcast

Moving on from the MLA in text citation movie quote, citing a radio broadcast in MLA style also requires attention to detail to provide context for the material being referenced. In addition to the title and creator(s), you should include information about the program title, broadcast date, and any relevant contributors (e.g., guest speakers, hosts).

Format: Author(s)/Host(s). "Title of Broadcast." Title of Program , Radio Station, Broadcast Date.

Example: Smith, Emma, and James Johnson. "Breaking News Update." Morning Edition , NPR, 10 May 2023.

In the example above:

• Smith, Emma, and James Johnson are the hosts or reporters of the broadcast.
• Breaking News Update is the name of the radio broadcast.
• Morning Edition is the name of the program.
• NPR is the radio station that broadcasted the program.
• 10 May 2023 is the broadcast date.

APA Movie Citation

Citing a movie in APA style involves providing detailed information about the film to help readers locate it. Key elements include the director, producer, release year, and studio. The format for citing a movie in APA style is as follows:

Format: Director, A. A. (Director). (Year). Title of movie [Film]. Production Company.

Now, if you want to know how to in text cite a documentary, here's how to do it:

• Identify the director(s) and the year of release of the documentary.
• Use the last name of the director(s) and the year of release within parentheses.
• If the director(s) is mentioned in the sentence, only include the year of release in parentheses.

Example 1: The documentary "13th" explores the intersection of race, justice, and mass incarceration (DuVernay, 2016).

Example 2: According to DuVernay (2016), in her documentary "13th," the history of racial inequality in the United States can be traced through the criminal justice system.

If you're also curious about how to quote films in an essay using APA style, here's the steps to take:

• Include the name of the film and the timestamp of the scene.
• Enclose the quote in double quotation marks to indicate direct speech from the film.
• Specify the source of the quote in parentheses after the quote itself.

For example:

• "I'll be back" (Cameron, 1984, 01:23:45).

This quote is from the movie "The Terminator," directed by James Cameron, released in 1984, and occurs at the timestamp 01:23:45.

When citing an audio recording in APA style, such as a podcast episode or a music track, include details like the author or performer, the name of the recording, the year it was published or aired, and the medium. Here's the format for citing an audio recording in APA style:

Format: Author/Performer. (Year). Title of recording [Medium]. Publisher.

Example: Brown, S. (Host). (2022). Exploring Space [Podcast episode]. ABC Podcasts.

• Brown, S. is the host of the podcast episode.
• Exploring Space is the name of the podcast episode.
• 2022 is the year the podcast episode was published.
• ABC Podcasts is the publisher.

Ensure the name of the recording is italicized, and specify the medium in square brackets after the title.

As we mentioned above, when using APA style for citing movies, you should include the director, producer, release year, and studio. Here's the format for citing a film or motion picture in APA style:

Format: Director, A. A. (Director). (Year). Title of film [Film]. Production Company.

Example: Spielberg, S. (Director). (1993). Jurassic Park [Film]. Universal Pictures.

• Spielberg, S. is the director of the film.
• Jurassic Park is the name of the film.
• 1993 is the year the film was released.
• Universal Pictures is the production company.

Ensure the title of the film is italicized, and list the director's name with their initials followed by "(Director)" in parentheses. Also, specify the format as "[Film]" after the name of the movie.

As you're reading this article, take a moment to explore our exclusive guide on how to write a movie title in an essay . We've got you covered with all the essential details!

Citing a radio broadcast in APA style requires providing details such as the author or host, the title of the broadcast, the year it aired, and the medium.

Format: Author/Host. (Year). Title of broadcast [Radio broadcast]. Radio Station.

Example: Johnson, E., & Brown, J. (2024). Breaking News Update [Radio broadcast]. NPR.

• Johnson, E., & Brown, J. are the hosts of the radio broadcast.
• Breaking News Update is the name of the broadcast.
• 2024 is the year the broadcast aired.
• NPR is the radio station.

Chicago Style Movie Citation

In Chicago style, citing a movie requires providing detailed information about the director, name, release year, and studio to ensure accurate referencing. Here's the format for citing a movie in Chicago style:

Format: Director's Last Name, First Name. Title of Movie . Production Company, Release Year.

Now, let's find out how to cite a quote from a movie Chicago style:

• Include the name of the movie and the timestamp of the scene.
• Enclose the quote in double quotation marks to indicate direct speech from the movie.
• "Here's looking at you, kid" (Curtiz 1942).

This quote is from the movie "Casablanca," directed by Michael Curtiz and released in 1942.

When citing an audio recording, such as a podcast episode or music track, in Chicago style you should provide essential details like the creator, title, publication year, and format.

Format: Creator's Last Name, First Name. Title of Recording . Year of Publication.

Example: Gladwell, Malcolm. Revisionist History: The King of Tears . 2016.

• Gladwell, Malcolm is the creator of the recording.
• Revisionist History: The King of Tears is the title of the recording.
• 2016 is the year of publication.

Here's the detailed example for citing a film in Chicago style:

Format: Director's Last Name, First Name. Title of Film . Production Company, Release Year.

Example: Coen, Joel and Ethan Coen. No Country for Old Men . Miramax Films, 2007.

• Coen, Joel and Ethan Coen are the directors of the film.
• No Country for Old Men is the name of the film.
• Miramax Films is the production company.
• 2007 is the release year of the film.

Now, if you're citing a radio broadcast in Chicago style, make sure to include details such as the author or host, name of the broadcast, publication year, and medium. Ensure the title of the broadcast is italicized, and list the author or host's name in natural order (last name, first name).

Format: Author/Host. Title of Broadcast . Year. Medium.

Example: Smith, Terry Gross. Fresh Air . 2019. Radio.

• Smith, Terry Gross is the host of the broadcast.
• Fresh Air is the name of the broadcast.
• 2019 is the publication year.
• Radio specifies the medium.

5 Useful Movie Citation Tips to Consider

By now, you've probably got the hang of how to cite a quote from a movie or any other audiovisual sources. But beyond just knowing how to format things, here are some tips our experts want to share:

• Give Background: When citing a movie, think about adding a bit of context in your paper. Explain why you're referencing the movie and how it fits into your argument or research.
• Show Original Source: If the movie is based on a book or another source, acknowledge it in your citation. This helps readers understand the connection between the movie and its original material.
• Talk About the Director: Sometimes, the director's vision or style can be crucial to your discussion. If it's relevant, mention the director's influence in your citation or paper.
• Highlight Great Acting: If there are standout performances in the movie that relate to your analysis, talk about them. It adds depth to your discussion and understanding of the movie's impact.
• Handle Tough Topics Carefully: If the movie tackles sensitive subjects, handle them thoughtfully. Provide warnings if needed and approach the material with sensitivity and respect for your readers.

When you're citing a movie in your academic writing, it's important to get the details right. Forgetting key information like the director's name or release year can make your citation incomplete. So, as you start referencing movies in your essays, remember to include all the necessary details to make your citation accurate and useful for your readers. We hope our guide has given you a confidence boost, and if you ever need a hand with other academic tasks, we're here to help!

Frequently asked questions

How to cite a quote from a movie, how to quote dialogue from a movie in an essay, how to quote a character in a movie.

• added new sections;
• added FAQs.
• Research guides: APA citation style guide (7th edition): Audiovisual media . Audiovisual Media - APA Citation Style Guide (7th Edition) - Research Guides at Thompson Rivers University Library. (n.d.). https://libguides.tru.ca/apa/audiovisual

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• MLA Style Manual

How to Cite a Movie Using MLA Style

Last Updated: February 17, 2020

This article was co-authored by Christopher Taylor, PhD . Christopher Taylor is an Adjunct Assistant Professor of English at Austin Community College in Texas. He received his PhD in English Literature and Medieval Studies from the University of Texas at Austin in 2014. This article has been viewed 390,662 times.

You might need to use Modern Language Association (MLA) style guidelines if you're writing a paper for your middle, high school, or college-level class. You may also be a graduate student or researcher who uses MLA citations all the time! If you're writing a paper about movies, or you want to include a movie in a research paper on some other topic, you'll need to cite it properly. Making a correctly formatted Works Cited and adding in-text citations to your essays shows your audience that you're not plagiarizing.

Citation Templates

Making the Works Cited

• For now, your citation should just look like: “ Notting Hill .”
• If the title is a translation, include the original title in brackets. For example, “ The Chorus [Les Choristes] .”

• Your citation should now look something like this: “ Notting Hill . Dir. Roger Michell.”

• These citations look like this: “Michell, Roger, dir. Notting Hill .”

• The citation should now look like: “ Notting Hill . Dir. Roger Michell. Perf. Julia Roberts, Hugh Grant, and Richard McCabe.”
• If your paper is about a particular actor, you can begin the citation with their name. This formatting looks like this: “Roberts, Julia, perf. Notting Hill . Dir. Roger Michell.”

• Almost there! Your citation should now look something like this: “ Notting Hill . Dir. Roger Michell. Perf. Julia Roberts, Hugh Grant, and Richard McCabe. Universal Pictures, 1999.”

• If you watched the film online, you can skip to step 8.
• For VHS, type out “videocassette” in your citation. It'll look like this: “ Notting Hill . Dir. Roger Michell. Perf. Julia Roberts, Hugh Grant, and Richard McCabe. Universal Pictures, 1999. Videocassette.”
• If you watched the movie at the theater, you can just type out “Film” for a complete citation! It'll look like this: “ Notting Hill . Dir. Roger Michell. Perf. Julia Roberts, Hugh Grant, and Richard McCabe. Universal Pictures, 1999. Film.”

• If you watched Notting Hill on Blu-Ray, for example, your citation will look like this: “ Notting Hill . Dir. Roger Michell. Perf. Julia Roberts, Hugh Grant, and Richard McCabe. 1999. Universal Pictures, 2013. Blu-Ray.”

• This citation will look something like this: “ Notting Hill . Dir. Roger Michell. Perf. Julia Roberts, Hugh Grant, and Richard McCabe. Universal Pictures, 1999. Netflix . Web. 18 July 2017.”

• Your Works Cited should be on a separate page at the end of the paper, and it should be titled Works Cited. You don't need to put quotation marks around the words Works Cited, or italicize them.
• Make the whole document double-spaced, but don't add extra spaces between citations.

Doing In Text Citations

• For example, “ Notting Hill is a perfect illustration of a typical late 1990s rom-com ( Notting Hill ).”

• “Michell went for a personal touch in his directing for this film (Michell, Notting Hill ).”

• So, for example, “Roberts's classic wide smile made appearances throughout the movie (Roberts, Notting Hill ).”

• Add the timestamp like this: “Roberts lays her heart out on the floor in front of Grant at the end of the film (Roberts, Notting Hill , 02:01:33-02:03:10).”

Expert Q&A

• MLA citation requirements for movies and television are a little more flexible than those for other sources, which is why you're allowed to sometimes start with director or performers' names. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0

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• ↑ https://www.american.edu/library/documents/upload/Film-Video-Citation-Guide.pdf
• ↑ https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/05/
• ↑ http://libguides.bates.edu/mla

About This Article

Citing a movie using Modern Language Association style is relatively simple once you know how. If you’re discussing the movie in general, write the title in italics and parenthesis at the end of the sentence when you mention it. If you’re discussing a director or actor in the movie, include their surname in the parenthesis before the title. If you’re referencing a specific shot, you should also include a timestamp at the end. In your works cited section, start with the title in italics, then write “Dir.” followed by the director’s full name. Then, include any relevant actors by writing “perf.” followed by their names. After that, write the movie’s distributor, like Universal Pictures, and the release date. Finally, write the format you watched the movie in, like VHS, DVD, or Netflix. If you saw it in the cinema, write “film” instead. For more tips from our Educational co-author, including how to organize your works cited list, read on! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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Home / Guides / Citation Guides / Harvard Referencing / Harvard Referencing Style Examples / How to Reference a Movie in Harvard Referencing Style

How to Reference a Movie in Harvard Referencing Style

This article will help you learn the correct way of citing a film based on the Harvard style of referencing. Specifically, you’ll need to cite your source in two places:

• In your paper via an in-text citation
• In your reference list via a full reference

An in-text citation is when you refer to the source material within the body of your work or text. The reference list is usually placed at the end of your work. It has a full reference for every source that has an in-text citation. The reference list goes beyond the in-text citation and gives a complete list of information about the works you have cited, so that the reader can find and read the original source.

If you are trying to cite a source that was posted on YouTube, you’ll instead need to know how to cite a YouTube video in Harvard style .

Here are some examples of how to reference films in Harvard style:

Film seen at the cinema

To reference a film seen at a cinema, you’ll need the following information:

• Title (in italics)
• Release year (in round brackets)
• Director name
• [Feature film]
• Place of distribution: Distributor

The Help (2011) Directed by Tate Taylor. [Feature film]. Burbank, CA: Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.

For the in-text citation, the title of the film is used, followed by the release year separated by a comma, if the film title is not mentioned already. If the title is mentioned in the text, then only the year should be given, in round brackets.

The characters in The Help (2011) reveal…

The film showcases race relations during the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s in Jackson, Mississippi ( The Help , 2011).

Film from a streaming service

If you are referencing a film you viewed via a streaming service, here’s the information you’ll need for your reference:

• Name of the streaming service or DOI
• (Accessed: date)

Changeling (2008) Directed by Clint Eastwood. Available at: Netflix (Accessed: 22 September 2020).

For the in-text citation, the title of the film and date are used, separated by a comma, if the film title is not already mentioned. If it is, then only the date is necessary.

In Changeling (2008), Angelina Jolie plays the character…

Angelina Jolie ( Changeling , 2008) plays the character of a mother whose…

Film from a physical copy (DVD/Blu-ray)

If you want to reference a film you viewed on DVD or Blu-ray, you’ll need the following information:

• [DVD, catalogue number] or [Blu-ray, catalogue number] (in square brackets)

The BFG: Big Friendly Giant (2016) Directed by Steven Spielberg. [Blu-ray, 8042180]. Burbank, CA: Buena Vista Home Entertainment.

The in-text citation method is the same as in the previous two examples.

Key takeaways

• The methods for referencing films and videos differ according to the mode of viewing.
• The name of the film and year suffice for in-text citations of films viewed at the cinema, on DVD or through a streaming platform.

Published October 29, 2020.

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How to Cite a Movie Quote

When you are caught up in writing an essay , paper, or article, you may need to throw in a direct quote here and there. The purposes may vary depending on the type of quote you're using or the effect you want to achieve. You may wish to add emphasis, authority, or clarity to your work. A quote can accomplish things that a paraphrase or summary simply cannot. A clear and direct voice can easily drive a point home better than the best group of sentences you can come up with.

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And along with this, in the process of sorting out your notes and research data, you may find that the quotes you'd like to include in your paper are not all from books and journal articles. Considering that your information can come from many sources, whether they be print, online, or audiovisual, it's a good chance that you can have sources ranging from books and government documents to mp3s, YouTube films and videos, and motion pictures. All of which need to be correctly cited a formatted. Which inevitably begs the question - how to cite a movie?

Referencing is always the most annoying part about creating academic papers. So many formats and requirements - you can easily get lost on a regular day, let alone quoting a movie! How to quote a film? Is citing movie quotes even allowed in college? How to cite movie quotes? How to quote a movie in an essay? How to cite a movie quote in MLA? Should you include the movie name? We answer all that and more in our article - read on to learn!

The improperly cited quote is a big problem. That's why we decided to help students and post this guide. You should be extremely careful when formatting your quotes because one mistake and you'll be accused of plagiarism. Assisting students in improving their writing skills is only one part of our work. Another and even more important one is online writing assistance.

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Formatting and Citation Styles Overview

A prerequisite to citing anything is a format and guideline to follow. It usually comes about from the three basic styling guides, APA , MLA, and Chicago Manual of Style (the Turabian styling guide is also popular but closely resembles the Chicago manual in many respects, the two are sometimes categorized together). A professor or publisher will usually request one of the three types of formatting styles, for both in-text and bibliographic listings.

These are the two main types of citations: one that appears in the text of a work and one that appears at the end. The in-text is how you indicate the source of your quote in the lines of the text of your paper and the work cited, bibliography or reference pages are where your source will show up at the end of your document.

It will be helpful to become familiar with all the styling guides to make things easier for you in the long run, but typically, you'll just need to know the details of the one being requested of you.

These are just the basics of formatting, but they can be confusing for inexperienced students or those who always ignore formatting rules. If you belong to one of these categories, our service is ready to lend you a helping hand. BestCustomWriting.com is more than just a website where you can get your essay or any other academic paper written by a professional writer.

If you face the need to use a movie quote in your essay and don't know how to cite it properly - we can help you. We help clients write their papers and guide them from the very beginning to the end. It means that we can create an essay from scratch and deliver a fully finished and formatted paper.

Audiovisual Citations

In most cases, since mostly the written word is used in research (whether online or in print), the chances of you using audiovisual material for research may be minimal. So this type of citing is usually not as common as the rest. But it still needs to be addressed to ensure that no traces of plagiarism in any fashion were found on a work of yours.

The following list is categorized by medium and provides details of both in-text citations and also ones that appear in a list at the end of the document.

APA (American Psychological Association)

Audio recording.

Let's say you've found a perfect podcast where someone brings up an argument that will prove your essay point. To create an in-text citation for this, include the name of the speaker in the parenthetical citation brackets followed by a comma and the year of the airing. When you want to include the name(s) of the speaker(s) into the text itself, paraphrase their quote and state the author with the year in brackets.

• [Quote] (Krasdale, 2010)
• In the discussion, Krasdale (2010) states that [paraphrased quote].

For the reference listing, state the last name of the speaker with their initials following after a comma and place a period before noting their role and the year of the airing in brackets after another period. Then comes the title of the material and its format in square brackets, with the name of website pages (or a web page) or a place where it can be accessed. The next sentence is the place of the recording's origin.

• Krasdale, S. (Speaker). (2010). The way money works (Cassette Recording No. 17). New York, NY: Education Plus Inc.

Film/Motion Picture

To quote films, you have to possess enough information about them and their creators. When you go with the in-text citation movie, the drill is the same as with the audio materials. Note the names of the producer and the director in parenthetical brackets, with the year the film came out included after a comma. Here's how to quote movies in APA:

• "We all have secrets: the ones we keep... and the ones that are kept from us." (Arad & Webb, 2012)

When referencing the film or a movie, type out the people who produced the film with their roles in brackets following each other, then goes the year of the movie release. The title comes with the format in square brackets, and then the country of origin along with the studio. It will look like this:

• Arad, A. (Producer), & Webb, M. (Director). (2012). The Amazing Spider-Man [Motion Picture]. United States: Columbia Pictures

Radio Broadcast

Radio quotes are used quite rarely these days, but you never know what awaits you around the corner!

If you're focused on carrying across the paraphrased point, meaning when you're providing the in-text citation, the scheme is usual.

• [Quote] (Lopez, 2013)

When listing, this goes similar to the podcast referencing, but you also need the radio studio and the creators to be placed after the name of the broadcast apart from just date and location.

• Lopez, P. (Narrator). (2013, March 1). The harms of secondhand smoke amongst children [Radio broadcast episode]. In E. McDonnell (Producer), Morning Edition. Washington, DC: National Public Radio.

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MLA (Modern Language Association)

Here, you don't need the year of the airing to provide a quote from a podcast. The name of the composer that produced the audio is enough.

• [Quote] (Kent)

Work cited listing goes a bit differently. Don't forget to write the full name of the performer followed by the name and the year of recording and the year of release following the name of the studio. Then goes the format.

• Kent, Abdullah. The diseases of the heart. 1995. True Audio, 1999. Audiocassette.

To quote a movie in MLA, just write its name in the brackets. Be advised to include the quotes from a movie in quotation marks if you're taking it word-by-word.

• "We all have secrets: the ones we keep... and the ones that are kept from us." (The Amazing Spider-Man)

For the work cited listing mention the director of the film and the studio, plus the year and the format.

• The Amazing Spider-Man . Dir. Marc Webb. Columbia Pictures, 2012. Film.

For in-text citation, the name of the broadcast is to be included in brackets.

• [Quote] ("Fun with marriage")

Work cited listing is an expanded version of the movie format but for radio and without the name of the creator.

• " Fun with marriage". Morning Digest. Philadelphia-Delaware Radio. WXKF, Philadelphia. 12 June 2002. Radio.

MLA basic rule of thumb. When providing in-text citations for MLA, you may notice that the in-text citation matches the beginning of the work cited listing. This is the basic setup for MLA referencing . To make finding a source relatively easy, the in-text citation will simply mirror the beginning of the listing that is found at the end of the paper.

Chicago Manual of Style

In Chicago, you only need to mention and give credit to someone if they actively participated in the creation of the work. You may also notice that Chicago allows you to make notes, which results in three formats as opposed to MLA/APA's two. Apart from that, there are quite a few similarities with previously mentioned styles, as you will see from the examples we provide below.

• First foot/endnote. Randolph Klein, Understanding French , Knowledge Productions 1678-CD, 2012, Compact disc.
• Subsequent notes. Klein, Understanding French .
• Bibliography. Klein, Randolph. Understanding French . Knowledge Productions 11678-CD. 2012. Compact disc.
• First foot/endnote. The Life of the Ruler , DVD, directed by Tod Lewis (1982; New Orleans, LA: Castle Light Productions, 2000).
• Subsequent notes. The Life of the Ruler .
• Bibliography. The Life of the Ruler . DVD. Directed by Tod Lewis. 1982; New Orleans, LA: Castle Light Productions, 2000.
• First foot/endnote. " Cleaning up after the tsunami ," Morning Digest, WXKF Philadelphia-Delaware Radio (Philadelphia, PA: WPKT, January 10, 2005).
• Subsequent notes. " Cleaning up after the tsunami "
• Bibliography. " Cleaning up after the tsunami ." Morning Digest. WXKF Philadelphia-Delaware Radio. Philadelphia, PA: WPKT, January 10, 2005.

Citing Tips

Citing using any manual of style can be a tedious process. When obtaining a movie or film quote, save some time by not watching anything at all. You can venture into the whole watching process until the point of no return, but all the videos found on YouTube can prove to you how much time you can save!

Tons of video recording, films, and motion pictures have transcripts available for them (as well as audio recordings). This is a tremendous help when providing direct quotations. Instead of struggling to decipher and record an exact statement, a keyword search in the work's transcript can just as easily provide the same results.

Please note that for some citation guidelines (such as MLA film or video recording citations), there is no one-size-fits-all method of citing. There are a few different methods citing based on what you would like to emphasize in your referencing (for example, the director or the people involved). Your citation would be changed because of that.

Also, your citation may be altered based on whether you provide a signal phrase or include the full reference in the text of your paper as opposed to using parenthetical citations. The default method for all the in-text citations above is parenthetical, with no signal phrases. And finally, there is no in-text citation format for the Chicago manual of style because footnotes and endnotes are utilized with this guide instead.

There is an even easier way to organize your references than manually. Look up citation generators and machines and thank us later!

We hope our guide on how to cite a quote from a movie and other audio sources in a paper helped you gain a little confidence.

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MLA In-Text Citations: The Basics

Welcome to the Purdue OWL

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Copyright ©1995-2018 by The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use.

Guidelines for referring to the works of others in your text using MLA style are covered throughout the  MLA Handbook  and in chapter 7 of the  MLA Style Manual . Both books provide extensive examples, so it's a good idea to consult them if you want to become even more familiar with MLA guidelines or if you have a particular reference question.

Basic in-text citation rules

In MLA Style, referring to the works of others in your text is done using parenthetical citations . This method involves providing relevant source information in parentheses whenever a sentence uses a quotation or paraphrase. Usually, the simplest way to do this is to put all of the source information in parentheses at the end of the sentence (i.e., just before the period). However, as the examples below will illustrate, there are situations where it makes sense to put the parenthetical elsewhere in the sentence, or even to leave information out.

General Guidelines

• The source information required in a parenthetical citation depends (1) upon the source medium (e.g. print, web, DVD) and (2) upon the source’s entry on the Works Cited page.
• Any source information that you provide in-text must correspond to the source information on the Works Cited page. More specifically, whatever signal word or phrase you provide to your readers in the text must be the first thing that appears on the left-hand margin of the corresponding entry on the Works Cited page.

In-text citations: Author-page style

MLA format follows the author-page method of in-text citation. This means that the author's last name and the page number(s) from which the quotation or paraphrase is taken must appear in the text, and a complete reference should appear on your Works Cited page. The author's name may appear either in the sentence itself or in parentheses following the quotation or paraphrase, but the page number(s) should always appear in the parentheses, not in the text of your sentence. For example:

Both citations in the examples above, (263) and (Wordsworth 263), tell readers that the information in the sentence can be located on page 263 of a work by an author named Wordsworth. If readers want more information about this source, they can turn to the Works Cited page, where, under the name of Wordsworth, they would find the following information:

Wordsworth, William. Lyrical Ballads . Oxford UP, 1967.

In-text citations for print sources with known author

For print sources like books, magazines, scholarly journal articles, and newspapers, provide a signal word or phrase (usually the author’s last name) and a page number. If you provide the signal word/phrase in the sentence, you do not need to include it in the parenthetical citation.

These examples must correspond to an entry that begins with Burke, which will be the first thing that appears on the left-hand margin of an entry on the Works Cited page:

Burke, Kenneth. Language as Symbolic Action: Essays on Life, Literature, and Method . University of California Press, 1966.

In-text citations for print sources by a corporate author

When a source has a corporate author, it is acceptable to use the name of the corporation followed by the page number for the in-text citation. You should also use abbreviations (e.g., nat'l for national) where appropriate, so as to avoid interrupting the flow of reading with overly long parenthetical citations.

In-text citations for sources with non-standard labeling systems

If a source uses a labeling or numbering system other than page numbers, such as a script or poetry, precede the citation with said label. When citing a poem, for instance, the parenthetical would begin with the word “line”, and then the line number or range. For example, the examination of William Blake’s poem “The Tyger” would be cited as such:

The speaker makes an ardent call for the exploration of the connection between the violence of nature and the divinity of creation. “In what distant deeps or skies. / Burnt the fire of thine eyes," they ask in reference to the tiger as they attempt to reconcile their intimidation with their relationship to creationism (lines 5-6).

Longer labels, such as chapters (ch.) and scenes (sc.), should be abbreviated.

In-text citations for print sources with no known author

When a source has no known author, use a shortened title of the work instead of an author name, following these guidelines.

Place the title in quotation marks if it's a short work (such as an article) or italicize it if it's a longer work (e.g. plays, books, television shows, entire Web sites) and provide a page number if it is available.

Titles longer than a standard noun phrase should be shortened into a noun phrase by excluding articles. For example, To the Lighthouse would be shortened to Lighthouse .

If the title cannot be easily shortened into a noun phrase, the title should be cut after the first clause, phrase, or punctuation:

In this example, since the reader does not know the author of the article, an abbreviated title appears in the parenthetical citation, and the full title of the article appears first at the left-hand margin of its respective entry on the Works Cited page. Thus, the writer includes the title in quotation marks as the signal phrase in the parenthetical citation in order to lead the reader directly to the source on the Works Cited page. The Works Cited entry appears as follows:

"The Impact of Global Warming in North America." Global Warming: Early Signs . 1999. www.climatehotmap.org/. Accessed 23 Mar. 2009.

If the title of the work begins with a quotation mark, such as a title that refers to another work, that quote or quoted title can be used as the shortened title. The single quotation marks must be included in the parenthetical, rather than the double quotation.

Parenthetical citations and Works Cited pages, used in conjunction, allow readers to know which sources you consulted in writing your essay, so that they can either verify your interpretation of the sources or use them in their own scholarly work.

Author-page citation for classic and literary works with multiple editions

Page numbers are always required, but additional citation information can help literary scholars, who may have a different edition of a classic work, like Marx and Engels's  The Communist Manifesto . In such cases, give the page number of your edition (making sure the edition is listed in your Works Cited page, of course) followed by a semicolon, and then the appropriate abbreviations for volume (vol.), book (bk.), part (pt.), chapter (ch.), section (sec.), or paragraph (par.). For example:

Author-page citation for works in an anthology, periodical, or collection

When you cite a work that appears inside a larger source (for instance, an article in a periodical or an essay in a collection), cite the author of the  internal source (i.e., the article or essay). For example, to cite Albert Einstein's article "A Brief Outline of the Theory of Relativity," which was published in  Nature  in 1921, you might write something like this:

See also our page on documenting periodicals in the Works Cited .

Citing authors with same last names

Sometimes more information is necessary to identify the source from which a quotation is taken. For instance, if two or more authors have the same last name, provide both authors' first initials (or even the authors' full name if different authors share initials) in your citation. For example:

Citing a work by multiple authors

For a source with two authors, list the authors’ last names in the text or in the parenthetical citation:

Corresponding Works Cited entry:

Best, David, and Sharon Marcus. “Surface Reading: An Introduction.” Representations , vol. 108, no. 1, Fall 2009, pp. 1-21. JSTOR, doi:10.1525/rep.2009.108.1.1

For a source with three or more authors, list only the first author’s last name, and replace the additional names with et al.

Franck, Caroline, et al. “Agricultural Subsidies and the American Obesity Epidemic.” American Journal of Preventative Medicine , vol. 45, no. 3, Sept. 2013, pp. 327-333.

Citing multiple works by the same author

If you cite more than one work by an author, include a shortened title for the particular work from which you are quoting to distinguish it from the others. Put short titles of books in italics and short titles of articles in quotation marks.

Citing two articles by the same author :

Citing two books by the same author :

Additionally, if the author's name is not mentioned in the sentence, format your citation with the author's name followed by a comma, followed by a shortened title of the work, and, when appropriate, the page number(s):

Citing multivolume works

If you cite from different volumes of a multivolume work, always include the volume number followed by a colon. Put a space after the colon, then provide the page number(s). (If you only cite from one volume, provide only the page number in parentheses.)

Citing the Bible

In your first parenthetical citation, you want to make clear which Bible you're using (and underline or italicize the title), as each version varies in its translation, followed by book (do not italicize or underline), chapter, and verse. For example:

If future references employ the same edition of the Bible you’re using, list only the book, chapter, and verse in the parenthetical citation:

John of Patmos echoes this passage when describing his vision (Rev. 4.6-8).

Citing indirect sources

Sometimes you may have to use an indirect source. An indirect source is a source cited within another source. For such indirect quotations, use "qtd. in" to indicate the source you actually consulted. For example:

Note that, in most cases, a responsible researcher will attempt to find the original source, rather than citing an indirect source.

Citing transcripts, plays, or screenplays

Sources that take the form of a dialogue involving two or more participants have special guidelines for their quotation and citation. Each line of dialogue should begin with the speaker's name written in all capitals and indented half an inch. A period follows the name (e.g., JAMES.) . After the period, write the dialogue. Each successive line after the first should receive an additional indentation. When another person begins speaking, start a new line with that person's name indented only half an inch. Repeat this pattern each time the speaker changes. You can include stage directions in the quote if they appear in the original source.

Conclude with a parenthetical that explains where to find the excerpt in the source. Usually, the author and title of the source can be given in a signal phrase before quoting the excerpt, so the concluding parenthetical will often just contain location information like page numbers or act/scene indicators.

Here is an example from O'Neill's  The Iceman Cometh.

WILLIE. (Pleadingly) Give me a drink, Rocky. Harry said it was all right. God, I need a drink.

ROCKY. Den grab it. It's right under your nose.

WILLIE. (Avidly) Thanks. (He takes the bottle with both twitching hands and tilts it to his lips and gulps down the whiskey in big swallows.) (1.1)

Citing non-print or sources from the Internet

With more and more scholarly work published on the Internet, you may have to cite sources you found in digital environments. While many sources on the Internet should not be used for scholarly work (reference the OWL's  Evaluating Sources of Information  resource), some Web sources are perfectly acceptable for research. When creating in-text citations for electronic, film, or Internet sources, remember that your citation must reference the source on your Works Cited page.

Sometimes writers are confused with how to craft parenthetical citations for electronic sources because of the absence of page numbers. However, these sorts of entries often do not require a page number in the parenthetical citation. For electronic and Internet sources, follow the following guidelines:

• Include in the text the first item that appears in the Work Cited entry that corresponds to the citation (e.g. author name, article name, website name, film name).
• Do not provide paragraph numbers or page numbers based on your Web browser’s print preview function.
• Unless you must list the Web site name in the signal phrase in order to get the reader to the appropriate entry, do not include URLs in-text. Only provide partial URLs such as when the name of the site includes, for example, a domain name, like  CNN.com  or  Forbes.com,  as opposed to writing out http://www.cnn.com or http://www.forbes.com.

Miscellaneous non-print sources

Two types of non-print sources you may encounter are films and lectures/presentations:

In the two examples above “Herzog” (a film’s director) and “Yates” (a presentor) lead the reader to the first item in each citation’s respective entry on the Works Cited page:

Herzog, Werner, dir. Fitzcarraldo . Perf. Klaus Kinski. Filmverlag der Autoren, 1982.

Yates, Jane. "Invention in Rhetoric and Composition." Gaps Addressed: Future Work in Rhetoric and Composition, CCCC, Palmer House Hilton, 2002. Address.

Electronic sources

Electronic sources may include web pages and online news or magazine articles:

In the first example (an online magazine article), the writer has chosen not to include the author name in-text; however, two entries from the same author appear in the Works Cited. Thus, the writer includes both the author’s last name and the article title in the parenthetical citation in order to lead the reader to the appropriate entry on the Works Cited page (see below).

In the second example (a web page), a parenthetical citation is not necessary because the page does not list an author, and the title of the article, “MLA Formatting and Style Guide,” is used as a signal phrase within the sentence. If the title of the article was not named in the sentence, an abbreviated version would appear in a parenthetical citation at the end of the sentence. Both corresponding Works Cited entries are as follows:

Taylor, Rumsey. "Fitzcarraldo." Slant , 13 Jun. 2003, www.slantmagazine.com/film/review/fitzcarraldo/. Accessed 29 Sep. 2009. 

"MLA Formatting and Style Guide." The Purdue OWL , 2 Aug. 2016, owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/01/. Accessed 2 April 2018.

Multiple citations

To cite multiple sources in the same parenthetical reference, separate the citations by a semi-colon:

Time-based media sources

When creating in-text citations for media that has a runtime, such as a movie or podcast, include the range of hours, minutes and seconds you plan to reference. For example: (00:02:15-00:02:35).

When a citation is not needed

Common sense and ethics should determine your need for documenting sources. You do not need to give sources for familiar proverbs, well-known quotations, or common knowledge (For example, it is expected that U.S. citizens know that George Washington was the first President.). Remember that citing sources is a rhetorical task, and, as such, can vary based on your audience. If you’re writing for an expert audience of a scholarly journal, for example, you may need to deal with expectations of what constitutes “common knowledge” that differ from common norms.

Other Sources

The MLA Handbook describes how to cite many different kinds of authors and content creators. However, you may occasionally encounter a source or author category that the handbook does not describe, making the best way to proceed can be unclear.

In these cases, it's typically acceptable to apply the general principles of MLA citation to the new kind of source in a way that's consistent and sensible. A good way to do this is to simply use the standard MLA directions for a type of source that resembles the source you want to cite.

You may also want to investigate whether a third-party organization has provided directions for how to cite this kind of source. For example, Norquest College provides guidelines for citing Indigenous Elders and Knowledge Keepers⁠ —an author category that does not appear in the MLA Handbook . In cases like this, however, it's a good idea to ask your instructor or supervisor whether using third-party citation guidelines might present problems.

Do I need to cite a movie if I'm explaining scenes throughout my paper?

Yes, cite any movie you are discussing in your paper.  

• If using exact lines from the film, treat these in-text as a quotation.
• If explaining what happened in the movie or other ideas from the film (in other words, paraphrasing), then this is an in-text paraphrase.
• See below for examples of in-text quotations and in-text paraphrases.

Visit the APA Help guide to see an example.

• Click on References and In-text Citation Examples
• Select Other and see Film/TV .

Film / Motion Picture

Richter, J. (Producer), & Hausmann, J. (Director). (1985).  Cezanne: The man and the mountain  [Motion picture]. United States: Home Vision.

In-text Paraphrase : (Richter & Hausmann, 1985).  Quotation : (Richter & Hausmann, 1985, Timestamp)

Thank you for using ASK US. For more information, contact your  Campus Library/ARC .

• Last Updated Oct 17, 2019
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Comments (2)

• What if the purpose of the paper is to analyze the movie? If I'm explaining scenes from the movie for most of the paper, do I need to have an in-text citation on almost every sentence? by Kevin on Jul 31, 2019
• If you are paraphrasing a few different sentences in the same paragraph, but they are not all in a row or together, you would have to cite after each sentence. You may also want to take a look at the following ASK US question/answer (http://askus.baker.edu/a.php?qid=1177498). It deals with whether one citation should be used at the end of a multiple sentence paragraph or after every sentence. If you are concerned about citing a lot from the same source, you may want to take a look at Section 6.11 One Work by One Author (p. 174) of the APA Manual, 6th edition. It provides examples where author's name appears multiple times in a single paragraph. The fact that there is a rule suggests that, even though it may seem like it is excessive, it is still necessary to have the in-text citations. by Kelly Bayee on Aug 02, 2019

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Step-by-Step Instructions on How to Cite a Movie Quote

At first sight, it seems easy to write a movie essay, where you can place movie quotes. Other than the simplicity of converting your topic into a description of film ideas, it can be complicated for students when it comes to the process of quoting a movie.

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When you want to find out the secret of proper citation style, which cheap essay writing services use, we propose you to learn the citation rules that match with different formatting styles. This article brings knowledge on how to quote a film in such popular formats as MLA and APA.

How to Cite a Quote From a Movie MLA Format

The Modern Language Association (MLA) has its own standard rules for formatting quotes from films. When you want to make your argument stronger, you can use a film quote by paraphrasing or using a direct quotation.

When you place a citation in the references list with MLA formatting, use this template:

Name of the Film. Directed by Name of Director, Performances by Name of Main Actors, Name of film studio, year of film.

If you need to include a direct quote from a film, you can use this example:

“Every time I see you, you’re buying a chicken” (9½ Weeks ).

Sometimes, students need to know not just how to quote a film, but a television show, a movie on DVD, and a YouTube video as well.

How to form a citation from a television show:

“Name of Episode.” Name of TV Series , written by First name Last name, directed by First name Last name, Name of the film studio, year of release.

How to include a citation from the film on DVD:

Surname, Name (Director). Name of the Film [Name of the Genre]. Country: Name of the film studio, original release year. DVD.

How to place a citation from a YouTube video and similar online platforms:

Name of the creator. (Date video was released). “Name of the Video.” Name of Platform , Uploaded by Uploader, date of publication, URL link of the video.

How to Quote a Movie in APA Format

American Psychological Association (APA) citation style for movie quotes represents basic formatting requirements for books, documents, articles, and other forms.

For the 7th edition of the APA style guide, referencing a film is simpler than ever. APA recommends omitting the parenthetical citations if possible in most instances, but the director(s) and date are necessary to place in the citation if they cannot be fit into the sentence. Here is an example:

Tom Hanks’s character, Forrest Gump, said, “My Mama always said you’ve got to put the past behind you before you can move on” (Zemekis, 1994).

When you cite the movie for the first time in the body of the text, don’t forget to include all last names of the directors (if there are multiple), and the year of release. For this example, we will list the producers instead of director:

“Mama always said, dying was a part of life” (Finerman, Starkey, & Tisch, 1994).

The following citations include only the last name of the first credited author and the “et al.” abbreviation for subsequent citations of the movie if it has multiple directors:

“I never thanked you for saving my life” (Finerman, et al., 1994).

When the author of the essay wants to direct the reader to a specific part of the movie, they can add a time-stamp:

“Run, Forrest! Run!” (Zemekis, 1994; 1:52:41).

To include a source for your citation in the references, please, follow this guide:

Last name, First in abbreviation. (Director). (Release year). Title of motion picture [film]. Name of distributor or format of the movie [DVD]. Country of origin: the name of the film studio.

Now you know a couple of basic rules on how to quote a movie or video and insert citations in your papers properly, or ask an expert who helps you to satisfy your “ write my essay for me cheap ” request . These citations allow your readers to find out more about their favorite movies and look behind the scenes in the world of cinema.

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The 10 Most Underrated Quotes from the Harry Potter Movies, Ranked

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The writing in Harry Potter is rich and memorable, producing tons of great quotes . Some of these are lighthearted ("I solemnly swear that I am up to no good"), others are profound ("It takes a great deal of bravery to stand up to your enemies but a great deal more to stand up to your friends"). Several phrases have become iconic, like "the boy who lived" and "You're a wizard, Harry".

However, some of the less famous lines are just as good. They reveal something about a character, neatly express a thought, or are simply charming and well-phrased. They're yet proof of the depth and wonder of the wizarding world; a fantasy universe that's sure to keep viewers and readers spellbound for generations. Here are the most underrated quotes from the Harry Potter movies, ranked.

10 "Will you stop eating? Your best friend is missing!"

Hermione, 'harry potter and the half-blood prince' (2009).

Fans like to gripe about the movies' portrayal of the main characters' romantic relationships (Harry/Ginny, in particular, was not well-received by most viewers). However, a notable exception is the love/hate friendship-turned-romance between Hermione ( Emma Watson ) and Ron ( Rupert Grint ). The pair had a fun and endearing dynamic from the get-go; constantly bickering, being brutally honest with each other, occasionally falling out, but bonding through their shared loyalty to Harry ( Daniel Radcliffe ).

The two of them have many wonderful and funny moments throughout the series, especially when Hermione scolds Ron for his behavior. During this scene, Hermione is worried about Harry, while Ron is unbothered, happily stuffing his face with dinner. The exchange is one of the few lighthearted moments in an otherwise dark movie, but it also conveys so much about both Hermione and Ron's personalities. They're polar opposites in a lot of ways, but this is also why they make such a good match.

Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince

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9 "To the well-organized mind, death is but the next great adventure."

Dumbledore, 'harry potter and the philosopher's stone' (2001).

Dumbledore ( Richard Harris and, later, Michael Gambon ) is the franchise's font of wisdom, so he gets most of the best lines . The Headmaster is always ready with a well-turned phrase, from the incisive ("‘It does not do to dwell on dreams and forget to live) to the practically Churchillian ("We must all face the choice between what is right and what is easy". Indeed, Dumbledore even says that language is more powerful than spells and charms .

"Words are, in my not-so-humble opinion, our most inexhaustible source of magic," he tells Harry. Many of his best quotes refer to death; facing it, accepting it, and living despite it. With this one, he stresses that death need not be something to fear. The line sounds almost religious, insisting that if your priorities are in order, and you live properly, then death can be embraced with equanimity. The line also rings literally true in Harry's case, as he willingly 'dies' in The Deathly Hallows but lives to tell the tale.

Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone

8 "i'm sorry, professor. i must not tell lies.", harry, 'harry potter and the order of the phoenix' (2007).

Goblet of Fire ends with Voldemort ( Ralph Fiennes ) returning to full power, but Order of the Phoenix subverts expectations by making the Ministry of Magic the real antagonists . The government ought to be protecting the wizarding community, but instead, they deny the Dark Lord's return and clamp down on dissent with an iron fist. At Hogwarts, their tyranny arrives in the form of the pink-wearing, sickly-sweet Dolores Umbridge ( Imelda Staunton ).

She's like a villain straight out of 1984 's Ministry of Truth. She insists that Harry is lying about Voldemort and makes him carve "I must not tell lies" into his flesh with a cursed quill. (It's notable that the only other character to leave a permanent scar on Harry's body is Voldemort himself.) Fortunately, Harry gets payback later in the movie when the centaurs accost Umbridge. She begs him to tell them that she means no harm, but he responds with the phrase that she forced him to learn. Bravo.

Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix

7 "do not pity the dead, harry. pity the living. and above all, those who live without love.", dumbledore, 'harry potter and the deathly hallows - part 2' (2011).

Yet more advice about death from Dumbledore. Here, he's encouraging Harry to channel his emotions in a productive direction. Rather than dwelling in sorrow for lost loved ones, he says, one should rather focus one's energies on those who are still alive. After all, the dead do not suffer, but living people do. And, in any case, the dead are beyond our help, while those around us can still benefit from it. Dumbledore himself struggles with his lesson. For example, he admits to Harry that he almost used the Resurrection Stone to bring back his dead sister Ariana.

With this quote, Dumbledore also once again emphasizes the importance of love. This is a recurring theme in the series, with love portrayed as the most powerful force in the world, capable even of stopping Killing Curses. It's also something that Voldemort sorely lacks. The series tells the viewer not to fear cruel and evil people but rather to pity them for their small lives and inner emptiness.

Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows - Part 2

6 "you're more like them than you know, harry. in time, you'll come to see just how much.", lupin, 'harry potter and the prisoner of azkaban' (2004).

Harry's defining trauma is the death of his parents. This loss haunts him and, as the Mirror of Erised reveals, the return of his parents is what he longs for most, at least during the first few films. He is frustrated that he never knew them and has only a secondhand understanding of what they were like. The first character who really gives Harry in-depth and honest information about them is Remus Lupin ( David Thewlis ), who had been one of their closest friends.

Lupin and Harry have an especially touching scene in the third film. The Defense Against the Dark Arts teacher tells Harry about his parents' personalities, especially what James was like as a kid. He helps allay Harry's concerns over whether his parents would be proud of him by insisting that Harry is very much like them. Lupin sees all the good in Harry, even if the boy wizard doesn't always see it himself, and he knows that these qualities will only become more evident as Harry grows up and faces greater challenges.

Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban

5 "what if after everything that i've been through, something's gone wrong inside me".

Harry's fears over his own goodness resurface in the fifth film. In this movie, the Chosen One is at his angriest and most volatile. He feels ignored and rejected, most of all by Dumbledore. He's frustrated that the Order won't tell him much about what they believe the Death Eaters are planning. He doesn't understand why Hermione and Ron were made prefects but he wasn't. In short, Order of the Phoenix fleshes out Harry's character by delving into his more unpleasant emotions.

Harry tells Sirius ( Gary Oldman ) that he feels furious all the time, and he's worried that he might be a bad person. He thinks that all his traumas may have screwed him up. Most children's fantasy stories don't portray their heroes in such flawed, realistic ways, so this is refreshing to see. It's an example of Harry Potter taking its protagonists seriously and complexly, despite the fantastic setting. This is one of the franchise's core strengths .

4 "Why don't you run along and play with your chemistry set?"

Sirius, 'harry potter and the prisoner of azkaban' (2004).

One of the many great things about Sirius Black is that he's always ready with a sharp word for those who deserve it. Twelve years in prison for a crime that he didn't commit have eroded his patience for suffering fools. In this scene, Sirius snaps at Snape ( Alan Rickman ) when the Potions Master tries to stop him from catching and killing Wormtail ( Timothy Spall ). He lobs this brutal burn at Snape, mocking his work with potions and his nerdiness while they were at school.

Snape is notorious for his meanness, so it's enjoyable to see him on the receiving end of an insult for a change. Sirius's jape is also interesting in th fact that it speaks to the dynamic between the characters during their school days. After all, the Marauders bullied Snape harshly, explaining much of his residual dislike for Harry. In other words, during this exchange, the viewer gets a glimpse of Sirius and Severus as their younger selves.

3 "I didn’t know you could read.”

Draco, 'harry potter and the chamber of secrets' (2002).

In Chamber of Secrets , Harry and Ron memorably drink Polyjuice Potion, disguising themselves as Draco Malfoy's (T om Felton ) henchmen Crabbe ( Jamie Waylett ) and Goyle ( Josh Herdman ). Masquerading as the Slytherins, they sneak into the common room and try to extract information from Draco. When Draco asks 'Goyle' why he's wearing glasses, Harry panics and replies that they're for reading. Draco responds with genuine surprise. It's a silly but hilarious little moment.

Felton actually improvised this line when he forgot what he was supposed to say , but inadvertently made the scene better. It ranks up there with other great adlibbed lines , like when Lucius Malfoy ( Jason Isaacs ) sneers, "Let us hope Mr Potter will always be around to save the day", and Harry replies, "Don't worry, I will be". In the same film, when the House-elf Dobby is freed thanks to Harry's intervention, Isaacs also improvised his response, in which he can be faintly heard beginning to say "Avada Kedavra!" before Dobby jinxes him.

Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets

2 "nitwit blubber oddment tweak".

Dumbledore delivers many intense, weighty lines throughout the series, but he can also be lighthearted, jokey, and a bit absurd. As Percy Weasley ( Chris Rankin ) says of him, "He's a genius! Best wizard in the world! But he is a bit mad, yes." One of the Headmaster's silliest moments comes during a deleted scene from the first film which is included among the DVD and Blu-ray bonus features.

During the start of year feast, Professor McGonagall (Maggie Smith) announces that Dumbledore would like to say a few words. Once he has everyone's attention, Dumbledore announces solemnly, "Nitwit! Blubber! Oddment! Tweak!" - a few literal words. It's a goofy dad joke that's so bad that it can't help but be endearing. Some fans have speculated that each of the words is a joke about a different one of the houses. The line also results in a poignant callback later on. At Dumbledore's funeral, feeling that no euology could truly capture the essence of the man, Harry recalls this memorable four-word speech.

1 "Nice one, James."

Sirius, 'harry potter and the order of the phoenix' (2007).

The introduction of Sirius as Harry's godfather in the third movie is a welcome blessing to Harry, who has always longed for family and a connection to his parents. This makes it all the more heartbreaking that Sirius's fugitive status means that Harry cannot live with him. As if this wasn't cruel enough, Sirius is then ripped away from Harry barely two years later thanks to a killing curse from Bellatrix Lestrange ( Helena Bonham-Carter ).

Moments before his death, Sirius sees Harry skillfully parry an incoming spell, and unthinkingly replies, "Nice one, James!" It's a devastating line. It conveys so much: that Sirius is impressed with Harry's abilities, that he believes that Harry and his father are similar, and that he still keenly feels the absence of his lost friend. Sirius hates being cooped up in hiding, and being in the heat of battle in this scene reconnects him with the young man he once was, but the scene ends in tragedy seconds later. It's one of the hardest-hitting events in the whole series.

KEEP READING: The 10 Best 'Baby Reindeer' Quotes, Ranked

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Review: 'Bad Boys' Will Smith, Martin Lawrence are still 'Ride or Die' in rousing new film

Over three decades of “Bad Boys” movies, Will Smith and Martin Lawrence have traded many a zinger and racked up endless property damage with their buddy-cop exploits. And yet they still find fresh ways to make the franchise sing, like weaving in themes of death and mortality with giant hungry alligators and gunfights that rain down jelly beans.

“Bad Boys: Ride or Die” (★★★ out of four; rated R; in theaters Friday), the fourth installment of Smith and Lawrence’s action-comedy series, certainly doesn’t let up on the explosive, crowd-pleasing antics. But directors Adill El Arbi and Bilall Fallah, returning from 2020’s “ Bad Boys for Life ,” successfully evolve Miami cops Mike Lowrey (Smith) and Marcus Burnett (Lawrence) by having them confront their middle-aged vulnerabilities as inadvertent outlaws in an increasingly over-the-top tale.

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And if you’ve been a “Bad Boys” fan since the original 1995 Michael Bay film, “Ride or Die” pays off plot threads from previous flicks while catching audiences up with Mike and Marcus’ latest life changes. In the new movie, Marcus suffers a heart attack at Mike’s wedding, and the aftermath shows a flip in their usual dynamic: Marcus gains perspective and a newfound sense of immortality, while Mike begins to suffer panic attacks when he realizes how his job puts loved ones in danger.

They just need to figure their stuff out on the run. When their dearly departed boss Captain Howard (Joe Pantoliano) is accused of corruption and linked with drug cartels, Mike and Marcus make it their mission to clear his name with the help of the man who killed him: Armando Aretas (Jacob Scipio), revealed in the last film as Mike’s son. The detectives discover a deep conspiracy at foot, are framed for murder by a villainous ex-intelligence operative (Eric Dane) and wind up fugitives alongside Armando with a $5 million bounty on their heads.

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“Ride or Die” packs in a ton of exposition, subplots, extended action sequences, character moments and cameos (from Tiffany Haddish to DJ Khaled) in less than two hours. Although efficiency is welcome in today's age of the bloated run time, bits and pieces narratively fall into place sometimes too easily − though honestly, who comes to a “Bad Boys” movie looking for story logic?

It does deliver on the mayhem front: El Arbi and Fallah craft a nifty airborne spectacle where Mike and Marcus fight goons and G-forces to escape a crashing helicopter, an appetizer for a flaming car chase through Miami and a wild bullet-ridden affair at an abandoned amusement park. And Smith and Lawrence’s chemistry is as infectious as ever, yet they thankfully don’t even try to be the same guys they were in ’95.

The bickering is still there, as is the fist-bumping swagger, but the stars bring more of a relatable groundedness to Mike and Marcus. When not dealing with angry rednecks or backstabbing exotic dancers, Mike tries to keep Marcus from eating Skittles for his health, and Marcus has to slap Mike to snap him back into reality in a bad situation. (That scene, given Smith’s 2022 Oscars incident with Chris Rock , feels both too soon and knowingly pretty funny.) Interestingly, neither of the main men factor into the movie’s most rousing sequence − that centers on Reggie (Dennis McDonald), who was introduced as a mousy teen in 2003’s “Bad Boys II” but shows his mettle here as Marcus’ Marine son-in-law.

While many Hollywood franchises are flailing, “Bad Boys” instead enjoys a renewed relevance thanks to revved-up emotional stakes and a couple of old favorites still at the top of their game.