meaning of phd in swahili

Tafsiri ya "Ph.D." hadi Kiswahili

shahada ya uzamivu ni tafsiri ya "Ph.D." katika Kiswahili. Sampuli ya sentensi iliyotafsiriwa: Reporting on scientists who believe that intelligent design is responsible for our cosmos and life in it, a book review in The New York Times comments: “They have Ph.D.’s and occupy positions at some of the better universities. ↔ Ikieleza kuhusu wanasayansi wanaoamini kwamba ulimwengu wetu na viumbe vilivyopo vilibuniwa kwa akili, makala moja katika gazeti The New York Times inasema hivi: “Wana shahada za juu zaidi na vyeo maarufu katika baadhi ya vyuo vikuu vinavyoheshimiwa sana.

Doctor of Philosophy, a terminal research degree, the highest of academic degrees conferred by a college or university. [..]

Kamusi ya Kiingereza-Kiswahili

Shahada ya uzamivu.

Philosophiae Doctor, Doctor of Philosophy

Onyesha tafsiri zilizozalishwa na algorithimu

Tafsiri za kiotomatiki za " Ph.D. " hadi Kiswahili

Tafsiri za "ph.d." hadi kiswahili katika muktadha, kumbukumbu ya tafsiri.

ADMISSION LETTERS

Kibabii University

Home » Academic Programs » Postgraduate Programmes » PhD in Kiswahili Studies Kiswahili Education

PhD in Kiswahili Studies Kiswahili Education

Minimum Entry Requirements

Master’s degree in a relevant area of study from KIBU or from a recognized and accredited University.

Tuition fee per Semester

Download: Fee Structure

D uration of the Programme

Three (3) Academic Years

QUICK LINKS

• Jobs & Vacancies
• Academic Calender
• Webometrics Ranking
• Institutional Repository
• Strategic Plan 2023-2027
• Customer Service Delivery Charter
• KIBU Pension Scheme

STUDENT RESOURCES

• Online Application
• KIBU Support System
• Student Email Retrieval
• Student Portal
• Student Email
• Online Course Evaluation By Students
• E-Learning Portal
• KIBU Online Library Catalogue
• Postal Address:
• P.O. Box 1699-50200
• BUNGOMA – KENYA
• Location: Bungoma
• Country: Kenya
• Telephone Number: +254708085934
• Email: [email protected]
• [email protected]
• University Website: https://kibu.ac.ke

Get Social With Us

• Eduroam Wifi

© Kibabii University 2024. All Rights Reserved

Voice speed

Text translation, source text, translation results, document translation, drag and drop.

Website translation

Enter a URL

Image translation

MobiTuki AfricanLanguages Glosbe Bab.la

Google Bing

Wikipedia Google search Google books

• MobiTuki : Swahili-English dictionary (Tanzania)

• AfricanLanguages : Swahili-English dictionary

• LingoHut : Swahili-English vocabulary by topics (+ audio)

• 17 minute languages : Swahili-English common phrases (+ audio)

• Sl&c : useful Swahili words (+ audio)

• Defense language institute : basic vocabulary (+ audio) - civil affairs - medical

• Swahili-English dictionary by Charles Rechenbach (1967)

• Swahili-English dictionary by Arthur Cornwallis Madan (1903)

• English-Swahili (1902)

• Dictionary of the Suahili language by Johann Ludwig Krapf (1882)

• Dictionnaire swahili-français : Swahili-French dictionary, by Charles Sacleux (1939)

• Dictionnaire français-swahili (1891)

• Vocabulaire français-kisouahili : French-Swahili vocabulary published by the État indépendant du Congo (1894)

• Suaheli-Dragoman : Swahili-German dictionary by topics, by Friedrich von Nettelbladt (1891)

• Wörterbuch der Suahelisprache : Swahili-German & German-Swahili dictionary, by Carl Gotthilf Büttner (1890)

• Swahili etymological dictionary by András Rajki (2005)

• An anthology of proverbs in Kiswahili & translation into English & German, by Claudia Dal Bianco & Johanna Emig (2009)

• African aphorisms or Saws from Swahili Land , by William Ernest Taylor (1891)

• The terms for "emotion" in Swahili : a lexical analysis based on interviews with native speakers , by Rosanna Tramutoli, in Kervan (2019)

• Terminologia del corpo ed estensioni metaforiche  : swahili e zulu a confronto , in Kervan (2020)

• Translating Swahili linguistic terminology into Italian , Nordic Journal of African Studies (2020)

• Texts on textiles : proverbiality as characteristic of equivocal communication at the East African coast , by Rose Marie Beck, in Journal of African Cultural Studies (2005)

• Expanding the Swahili vocabulary : newly adopted words in Swahili in the field of information and communication technology, by Malin Petzell (2005)

• The adaptation of Swahili loanwords from Arabic , by Leonard Chacha Mwita, in Journal of Pan African studies (2009)

• A brief lexico-semantic study of French and Kiswahili by Lester Mtwana Jao, in Mambo (2015)

• Epenthetic vowels in Swahili loanwords by Andrew Harvey, in Journal of linguistics and language in education (2014)

• Phonological and semantic change in language borrowing : the case of Arabic words borrowed into Kiswahili , by Mohamed Abdulmajid Akidah, in International journal of education and research (2013)

• Historical inferences from Swahili etymologies par Thilo Schadeberg, in Unwritten testimonies of the African past (1989)

• Lugha ya mitaani in Tanzania : the poetics and sociology of a young urban style of speaking , with a dictionary comprising 1100 words and phrases, by Uta Reuster-Jahn & Roland Kießling, in Swahili Forum (2006)

• Swahili toponymy of past towns on the East African coast : "What's in a name?" , by Monika Baumanova & Rosanna Tramutoli, in Kervan (2022)

• University of Kansas : Swahili course

• Kiko : pronunciation & grammar (University of Georgia)

• Swahili course (+ video)

• Verbix : verb conjugation & Swahili-English translation

• Andika : Latin <> Arabic scripts of the Swahili language, online conversion

• The Swahili language and its early history , by Martin Walsh, in The Swahili world (2018)

• Swahili colloquial , course for beginners (2003)

• Swahili learners' reference grammar by Katrina Daly Thompson & Antonia Folárin Schleicher (2001)

• Swahili basic course , Foreign Service Institute (1968) (+ audio)

• Swahili language handbook by Edgar Polomé (1967)

• Swahili vowel harmony by Lutz Marten, in Working papers in linguistics and phonetics (1996)

• Noun classification in Swahili by Ellen Contini-Morava, University of Virginia

• The formation and syntax of contractions in Kiswahili with special emphasis on noun-possessive combination , by Titus Mpemba, in Journal of linguistics and language in education (2015)

• Swahili Forum : Journal for Swahili studies (since 1994)

• Swahili grammar and vocabulary by F. Burt (1910)

• A Handbook of the Swahili language , as spoken at Zanzibar , by Edward Steere, revised by Arthur Cornwallis Madan (1894)

• Swahili exercises by Edward Steer (1918)

• Grammar of dialectic changes in the Kiswahili language by Chauncy Hugh Stigand (1915)

• Inkishafi : poem & translation into English, by William Ernest Taylor

• Aids to the study of Ki-Swahili by Mervyn Beech (1918)

• Grammaire kiswahili : Swahili grammar, by Henri Delaunay (1927)

• Grammaire des dialectes swahilis : grammar of the Swahili dialects, by Charles Sacleux (1909)

• Die syntaktischen Verhältnisse des Suaheli (syntax of Swahili) by Wilhelm Planert (1907)

• Suahili Konversations-Grammatik : Swahili grammar, by August Seidel (1900)

• Suaheli Handbuch (Swahili handbook) by Walter von Saint Paul Illaire (1890)

• The metrolingual use of Swahili in urban Ugandan landscapes and everyday conversation by Nico Nassenstein, in Multilingualism in the global South (2016)

• Mombasa's Swahili-based "Coasti slang" in a super-diverse space : languages in contact on the beach , by Nico Nassenstein, in African study monographs (2016)

• books & papers about the Swahili language: Google books | Internet archive | Academia | Wikipedia

• Youtube : 101 Swahili : vocabulary, common phrases, Swahili songs with lyrics and translation

• Mwananchi : newspaper (Tanzania)

• BBC - VOA - RFI - DW : news in Swahili

• Language and popular culture in Africa : texts in Swahili (popular culture) with translation into English or French

• LyrikLine : poems in Swahili, with translation (+ audio)

• Swahili-literatur : narratives in Swahili with translation into German

• A Shaba Swahili life history : text, translation and comments , by Jan Blommaert (2014)

• Mythical and archetypal images of the hero in Swahili literature : more than just warriors , by Graziella Acquaviva, in Kervan (2019)

• Identity and memory in Swahili war verses : the long road to an East African self (2019)

• Immagini e metafore vegetali nella poesia swahili  : dal seme alla pianta (Vegetal images and metaphors in Swahili poetry) (2016)

• Ritual practices, hypnotic suggestions and trance-like states in Swahili written literature , by Cristina Nicolini, in Kervan (2021)

• studies about the Swahili literature, by Xavier Garnier

• Le kiswahili entre Afrique, orient et occident  : quelle littérature pour une langue désancrée ? (2011)

• Traduire le swahili en français  : à propos de Nagona et Mzingile d'Euphrase Kezilahabi , in Études littéraires africaines (2012)

• La poésie orale swahili manganja by Pascal Bacuez, in Cahiers d'études africaines (2000) Swahili texts & translation into French

• Figures du politique en Afrique  : comment prendre en compte la littérature d'expression swahilie , by Mathieu Roy & Charles Mnyampala (2010)

• Mathias Mnyampala (1917-1969) : poésie d'expression swahilie et construction nationale tanzanienne , by Mathieu Roy, thesis (2013)

• Introduction au Diwani ya Mnyampala (Mathias Mnyampala's anthology) (2007)

• Poésie et philosophie d'expression swahilie en Tanzanie  : vision et transformation du monde dans le Diwani de Mathias Mnyampala , in Les Cahiers d'Afrique de l'Est (2012)

• Elisi katika nchi ya ajabu : translation into Swahili of the Lewis Carroll's book, Alice's adventures in wonderland (1940)

• Swahili tales as told by natives of Zanzibar , with translation into English, by Edward Steer (1870)

• Prosa und Poesie der Suaheli : Swahili prose and poetry, with translation into German, by Carl Velten (1907)

• Märchen und Erzählungen der Suaheli : Swahili tales & stories & translation into German (1898)

• Anthologie aus der Suaheli-litteratur : anthology of the Swahili literature & translation into German, by Carl Gotthilf Büttner (1894)

• BibleGateway : Biblia Takatifu , translation of the New Testament into Tanzanian Swahili (+ audio)

• Biblica : Biblia Takatifu , translation of the New Testament into Tanzanian Swahili (+ audio)

• WordProject : translation of the Bible into Tanzanian Swahili (+ audio)

• YouVersion : Biblia Habari Njema (1996)

Watu wote wamezaliwa huru, hadhi na haki zao ni sawa. Wote wamejaliwa akili na dhamiri, hivyo yapasa watendeane kindugu.

• Umoja wa mataifa ofisi ya idara ya habari taarifa ya ulimwengu juu ya haki za binadamu : translation into Swahili (+ audio)

→ First article in different languages

→ Universal Declaration of Human Rights : bilingual text in Swahili, Lingala & other languages

→ Arabic language

→ languages of Africa

→ Kenya - Tanzania

You are using an outdated browser. Please upgrade your browser to improve your experience.

PhD’s by Thesis Programmes

Ph.D. shall be required to register at the beginning of the first year of their studies and undergo the following stage

• Literature review and proposal completion within nine months.
• Proposal defence within nine months
• Data collection and cleaning
• Data analysis and thesis writing
• Pre-viva and seminar presentation of research results
• Thesis defence and submission

The minimum durations of the programme are three years and maximum duration of the registration is six years, with a possible extension of up to two years

Programme Summary

Programme informations.

A candidate for admission to the Ph.D. degree programme of the Open University of Tanzania shall hold a relevant Master’s Degree from the Open University of Tanzania or a relevant Master’s Degree of equivalent standing from another approved University.

Candidates with only the first degree but with First Class or Upper Second Honours or holders of a distinction or a credit in the relevant subject in the case of an unclassified degree may also be considered for Ph.D. registration after initially registering for the Master’s Degree and doing at least one full year’s postgraduate training, if they have been authorized by Senate on the recommendation of the relevant Faculty/Institute Board to upgrade their registration to the Ph.D. candidate.

Ph.D. by thesis at The Open University of Tanzania is offered by independent research under the supervision of two supervisors appointed by the Senate on the recommendation of the faculty in question. A prospective candidate for the Ph.D. degree by thesis is required to submit an outline of the subject of study and/or research that he/she proposes to pursue.

Fee Structure Payable Direct to University

*Note: Student organization fee and quality assurance fee can be paid annually, $20 each year for international students and Tshs. 20,000 each year for local students

• The fees may be paid in a lump sum (Tshs. 9,060,000/=) or in four instalments as indicated in Table 2:

Fee Structure Paid by Installments

Dr. Ladislaus Batinoluho

Email: [email protected]

Phone number: +255714700188        

Upon fulfilling the requirements, a candidate is conferred a Doctoral of Philosophy degree (PhD) in the specified field of specialisation, specifically tourism, natural resources assessment, or geography.

The Ph.D. thesis examination process comprises two parts, namely,

examination of the thesis by two qualified examiners: external and internal examiners appointed by the Senate

oral examination (viva voce) by a panel of six members appointed by the Senate through the relevant Faculty Board and the Senate’s Research, Publication and Postgraduate Committee (RPPC). The oral examination does not exceed three hours

The final decision on the award of the Ph.D. shall be made by the Senate on the recommendation of the Research, Publication and Postgraduate Committee

Swahili/Kiswahili Studies

• Dictionaries
• Streaming Media
• Photo Gallery

Dissertations and Theses

• Purchase Requests This link opens in a new window
• Dissertations & Theses Global This link opens in a new window Full text (PDF) of most US dissertations from 1997 on, many earlier works and some from outside the US plus some master's theses. Also lists all dissertations and theses from 1861 on from US universities and some works from Europe and Asia from 1637 on. Abstracts included after July, 1980. See also Finding Dissertations

See some sample dissertations and theses written about the Swahili language and culture below. Visit  ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global to search for more related material. Consider using a variety of search terms like Africa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Dar es Salaam, DRC, DROC, East Africa, Kenya, Mombasa, Nairobi, Swahili, and/or Uganda. Also, use truncation when appropriate, for example "linguist *" for results containing linguist, linguists, linguistic, linguistics, and linguistically.

• Effects of Swahili vowel system on Kenyan English speakers' pronunciation
• English-Swahili Code Switching: An Intersection Between Identity and Stance
• The Impact of Interactive Discussions on Essay Writing in Swahili as a Foreign Language
• The linguistic analysis of Arabic loan-words in Swahili. (Volumes I and II)
• The modernization of Swahili technical terminologies: an investigation of the linguistics and literature terminologies
• The Presentation of Literary Texts in Foreign Language Swahili Teaching and Learning Materials
• Swahili dictionary design
• Swahili -English bilingual conversation: A vehicle for the study of language ideology
• Swahili word order choices: Insights from information structure
• University students' beliefs about foreign language learning, with a focus on Arabic and Swahili at United States HEA Title VI African studies centers
• << Previous: Newspapers
• Next: Learn More >>
• Last Updated: May 14, 2024 3:52 PM
• URL: https://guides.lib.virginia.edu/swahiliguide
• 434-924-3021
• [email protected]
• Ask a Librarian
• UVA Shannon Library P.O. Box 400113 160 McCormick Road Charlottesville, VA 22904

About the Library

• Staff Directory
• Fellowships

Using the Library

• Library Use Policies
• Off-Grounds Access
• ITS Computing Accounts
• Accessibility Services
• Emergency Information
• UVA Privacy Policy
• Tracking Opt-out

Other Sites

• Cavalier Advantage
• Library Staff Site

Online Swahili - English Dictionary

Kasi ya sauti

Kutafsiri maandishi, matini chanzo, matokeo ya tafsiri, kutafsiri hati, buruta na udondoshe.

Tafsiri ya tovuti

Kutafsiri picha, imehifadhiwa.

• Online Admission
• Plagiarism Check
• Graduate Studies Guidelines
• Promo Guidlines
• Training Policy
• Change Program’s form
• Repository System
• Foreigner’s form
• Waendeshaji
• Wanataaluma

University Schools

• School of Education
• School of Health and Medical Sciences
• School of Natural and Social Sciences
• School of Kiswahili and Foreign Languages
• School of Continuing and Professional Education
• School of Business
• Institute of Tourism
• School of Agriculture

ANNOUNCEMENTS

• Support for Skills Development for Youth Employability in the Blue Economy Project (SEBEP), Project Ref. No. TZ-MoEVT/AfDB/C/IC/11
• TANGAZO LA ZABUNI
• CALL FOR APPLICATIONS: THE ABEID AMANI KARUME PROFESSORIAL CHAIR IN LIBERATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF AFRICA
• TANGAZO LA NAFASI YA KAZI YA MWENYEKITI WA KIGODA CHA TAALUMA CHA ABEID AMANI KARUME CHA UKOMBOZI NA MAENDELEO YA AFRIKA
• JOB OPPORTUNITIES
• Tanagazo la Nafasi za Kazi katika Chuo Kikuu Cha Taifa cha Zanzibar
• Taarifa ya Mkusanyiko wa Kitaaluma (CONVOCATION)

SUZA in Media

Upcoming events.

There are no upcoming events.

• Add to Timely Calendar
• Add to Google
• Add to Outlook
• Add to Apple Calendar
• Add to other calendar
• Export to XML

Global Center for Kiswahili Studies and Advancement (GCKSA)

About the center.

The expansion and development of Kiswahili as both, a discipline and a language of wider communication has over the years made impressive strides locally, regionally and globally. This has brought about a number of challenges that deemed necessary to address them. These include among others harmonization of Kiswahili teaching, research, methods and techniques, dissemination of Kiswahili knowledge, Kiswahili programmes, use of ICT and media, collaboration and partnership. In responding with local, regional and global challenges in promoting and advancing Kiswahili, The State University of Zanzibar (SUZA) has recently established the Centre to efficiently deal with them in collaboration with other local, regional and international institutions with a similar interest.

To be the best Centre on Kiswahili Studies in the world.

To offer quality services on Kiswahili Studies.

The basic and primary goal of the Centre is to foster, maintain and develop Kiswahili in the highest possible standard that will preserve it in its pure and fine form with its best qualities and virtues while at the same time avoiding all possible tendencies which threaten to pollute its characterization of a soft, musical, expressive and classical language resulting in good speakers in whatever other languages they speak.

In order therefore to achieve this goal, the objectives of the centre shall be:

• To develop research agenda, conduct diversified research and coordinate dissemination of the findings on Swahili language, history and culture.
• To establish a state of the art that will support research, documentation and presentation of the findings to the public, researchers and students, locally, regionally and internationally.
• To generate, document and disseminate Swahili knowledge, information and innovation for socio-economic and political development.
• To encourage exchange of staff and students among institutions involved with Kiswahili studies and research worldwide.
• To establish competitive Kiswahili trainings programmes for speakers of other languages that will attract learners across the boarders.
• To promote scholastic partnership and collaborative researches with Universities and other national and international institutes offering studies on African languages and establish centers of advanced studies and researches in Kiswahili.
• To foster collaboration with other government and non-government organizations and other stakeholders locally, regionally and internationally in promoting and advancing Swahili usage, culture and history.
• To strengthen the use of ICT and media in training and advancing Kiswahili and making of the language of broadcasting in the Eastern African region and ultimately in Africa.
• To organize Swahili cultural festival and other relevant activities and events for fostering and advancing Swahili language.

SERVICES PROVIDED BY THE GCKSA

• Library Services
• Consultation Services
• Translation Services
• Research Services

GCKSA is located within Zanzibar Stone Town, Vuga Road, adjacent to Ben Bella Secondary School.

For more information write to:

Coordinator, Mr. Ali Saleh Khalfan Global Centre for Kiswahili Studies and Advancement P.O. Box 146 Zanzibar Tanzania. E-mail:   [email protected]

Copyright © 2024 The State University of Zanzibar

ICT Services - SUZA

To support our work, we invite you to accept cookies or to subscribe.

You have chosen not to accept cookies when visiting our site.

The content available on our site is the result of the daily efforts of our editors. They all work towards a single goal: to provide you with rich, high-quality content. All this is possible thanks to the income generated by advertising and subscriptions.

By giving your consent or subscribing, you are supporting the work of our editorial team and ensuring the long-term future of our site.

If you already have purchased a subscription, please log in

Swahili-English

Translate a Swahili word to English by entering it into the search box above. You can also search for words in English to find the Swahili translation in the Swahili-English dictionary. Use the drop-down menu to search other dictionaries besides the Swahili to English dictionary. Result filters help you find the exact and correct Swahili translation in the Swahili-English dictionary. Use the filters to refine your results for category, style or even grammar.

Search the Swahili dictionary by letter

Search for any Swahili to English translation directly in the Swahili online dictionary. Click on the appropriate letter below to get a list of Swahili words beginning with the chosen letter. Then click on the word to see the translation in the Swahili-English dictionary.

English online dictionaries

Spanish online dictionaries, arabic online dictionaries, chinese online dictionaries, czech online dictionaries, danish online dictionaries, dutch online dictionaries, finnish online dictionaries, french online dictionaries, german online dictionaries, greek online dictionaries, hindi online dictionaries, hungarian online dictionaries, indonesian online dictionaries, italian online dictionaries, japanese online dictionaries, korean online dictionaries, norwegian online dictionaries, polish online dictionaries, portuguese online dictionaries, romanian online dictionaries, russian online dictionaries, swedish online dictionaries, swahili online dictionaries, thai online dictionaries, turkish online dictionaries, vietnamese online dictionaries, esperanto online dictionaries, northern sotho online dictionaries, tswana online dictionaries, zulu online dictionaries, xhosa online dictionaries, tamil online dictionaries, latvian online dictionaries, gujarati online dictionaries, urdu online dictionaries, telugu online dictionaries, turkmen online dictionaries, tajik online dictionaries, tatar online dictionaries, malay online dictionaries, tok pisin online dictionaries, quechua online dictionaries.

Verify Swahili translation

Join our community to build the world's largest online dictionary. Below are the latest Swahili words and phrases and their proposed translations for the Swahili-English dictionary. Help us by verifying a Swahili word or phrase with your vote. If you discover an error use your vote to delete the proposed translation or to suggest a change to either the English or Swahili words.

Why participate?

Join bab.la and help us build up the best and largest online dictionary for Swahili-English in the world. New Swahili words and Swahili phrases are created all the time. In addition, a Swahili to English translation can change depending on what context is is used in, such as medical or technical translations. For these reasons dictionaries offer multiple translations. Your help to add new Swahili to English translations to our Swahili dictionary is greatly appreciated. Contributions by our users are the best way to include colloquial and regional Swahili expressions in the online dictionary. However, new translations to the Swahili-English dictionary will not be added immediately. A new Swahili translation is always marked as unverified until 10 other users have given their vote to confirm the correctness. This way we ensure a high quality of the translations. Register as a bab.la user to become part of our language community and accumulate points in the world ranking. Each new translation entry to the Swahili-English dictionary will give you points. If you have any questions about a Swahili word and its proper translation to English post your question in the Swahili-English forum. Other users will help you by answering your question about the Swahili language.

Social Login

Director's Desk

Organization structure, undergraduate, postgraduate, printing and publishing unit, photo gallery, video gallery, the centre for kiswahili literature and african oral traditions, the centre for terminology, translation, interpretation and language technology, kiswahili language for foreigners, the centre for kiswahili grammar and dictionary, research project, research collaboration, finding & resources, researchers, department of swahili language and linguistics.

The vision of the Department is to be an exemplary department that delivers high quality teaching, research and consultancies in connection with the Swahili Language and Linguistics. The Department builds on the successes of the former Department of Kiswahili and Institute of Kiswahili Research which merged to form the Institute of Kiswahili Studies in 2009. In order to carry out this vision, the Department has the following important tasks in accordance with University requirements:

• To teach  undergraduate linguistics programs (for BA Kiswahili and BAED, etc. degrees), the Masters linguistics program, and the PhD linguistic program in order to prepare experts in the teaching, researching, and consulting in Kiswahili and other Bantu languages.
• To research into Kiswahili linguistics and other Bantu languages to contribute to knowledge of the structure of these languages, their interaction and their relation with extra-linguistic phenomena.
• To engage in high quality consultancies on Swahili language and linguistics for various government and non-governmental departments, institutions and institutes.

In fulfilling these responsibilities, Departmental Staff take part in activities planned by two Centers which have a close relationship with the department: (1) the Center for Terminology, Translation, Interpretation and Language Technology, and (2) the Center for Kiswahili Dictionary and Grammar.

Welcome ILUKII

Dr. A. Buberwa - Head of ILUKII Read

• Show translation:
• Related word/phrases:
• Last entry:

Translation of "PhD" in Swahili?

You can translate this in the following languages:

Related Words or Phrases:

Last 50 translation published.

College of Liberal Arts & Sciences

Department of Linguistics

• Financial Aid
• Undergraduate Admission
• Career Paths
• Visiting Scholar Program
• Graduate Admission
• Department Spotlights
• Undergraduate Program
• Graduate Program
• Course Listing
• Online Courses
• English Placement Test
• Less Commonly Taught Languages
• Teaching English as a Second/Foreign Language
• English as a Second Language
• Summer Institutes
• Publications Spotlight
• Conferences
• Upcoming Student Presentations
• Studies in the Linguistics Sciences
• Laboratories and Research Groups
• Reading and Discussion Groups
• Department Seminars
• PhD Dissertations
• MATESL Theses
• English Placement Test (EPT)
• Oral English Assessment Interview (OEAI)
• Department News
• Academic Journals
• Libraries and Reading Rooms
• Professional Organizations
• Related Units
• Linguistics Student Organizations
• New Student and Faculty Resources
• Leveraging your Linguistics training
• Wellness Resources
• Faculty and Staff Resources
• Administration & Staff
• Graduate Students
• Undergraduate Students
• About the Department
• In Memoriam
• Diversity & Inclusivity
• Stay Connected
• Illinois Alumni Association
• Alumni Spotlights
• Giving Opportunities
• Alumni Newsletter

Swahili Program

Karibuni welcome.

Swahili or Kiswahili is spoken widely in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. It is also spoken by smaller numbers in Burundi, Rwanda, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Northern Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, Somalia and the Comoros Islands. Swahili is spoken beyond African borders. There are several million native speakers of the language in the diaspora. It enjoys a global following through broadcasting media in various parts of the world. Also, Swahili is taught in many institutions in the U.S., Europe and Asia. It is estimated that about 100 universities in the U.S. offer Swahili courses.

Why study Swahili?

• Learn one of the few languages that is designated by the  U.S. Department of State and Department of Defense  as a critical need foreign language 
• Increase your chances of working with diplomatic missions, international organizations and NGOs in Swahili-speaking countries
• Encounter a different culture right where you and gain new perspectives 
• Join a global community of an estimated 100 million speakers of Swahili
• Study abroad in East or Central Africa
• Position yourself for volunteer/ internship opportunities in East & Central Africa
• Fulfill LAS language requirements
• Prepare yourself for research in East Africa  

Results for meaning of phd translation from English to Swahili

Human contributions.

From professional translators, enterprises, web pages and freely available translation repositories.

Add a translation

meaning of bruh

maana ya bruh

Last Update: 2021-09-26 Usage Frequency: 1 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

meaning of avini

maana ya avini

Last Update: 2021-01-18 Usage Frequency: 3 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

meaning of nando.

nangai meaning

Last Update: 2023-09-17 Usage Frequency: 1 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

meaning of mashanzari?

nini maana ya mashanzari?

Last Update: 2024-04-14 Usage Frequency: 42 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

Get a better translation with 7,759,069,913 human contributions

Users are now asking for help:.

The People of Gehenna

Published in Issue 63.2: Spring 2024

Spring 2024 | Translator Richard Prins Reads “The People of Gehenna” by Tom Olali – MQR Sound

Why We Chose It:  Michigan Quarterly Review  reader Hank Hietala on why he recommended “The People of Gehenna” by Tom Olali and translated by Richard Prins for the Spring 2024 issue. You can purchase the issue  here .

“Reader, his name is Eks.” From the first line, Tom Olali’s writing declares itself. This is a bit of a narrative feint: the successive pages of prose—excerpted from the novel The People of Gehenna —unfold as a series of conversations between Eks Ngwenyama and his Self. Other voices join the chorus, including his wife and a trickster figure named Old Refiçul. What began as a monologue quickly transforms into a series of dialogues, as Olali moves elegantly through time and space. 

Like many great writers, Olali exhibits a flexibility of style. There are moments of metafiction, philosophy, and domestic drama. What sets Olali’s work apart is the humor; the prose pulses with irony and unconventional proverbs. (My favorite: “If a chicken doesn’t know the law, don’t put it on the witness stand.”) Whether Eks is dispensing nutritional advice, learning about a chess algorithm, or meditating on the nature of death, he does so with wit and verve. 

In a meeting about MQR ’s special issue on new African writing, guest editor Chris Abani encouraged our staff to seek out translations, and not just from French and Arabic. I was excited to discover, after reading “The People of Gehenna,” that the English version was translated from Swahili. On rereading, Richard Prins’s translation, I saw the story of Eks Ngwenyama as, among other things, a commentary on the act of translation. In Prins’s brilliant rendering, he reinterprets the original, riffing on it like a jazz musician reimagining a standard. Through translation, Prins lends additional meaning to the description of Eks’ Self as “a distant voice, from far away.”For a language spoken by over 200 million people worldwide, Swahili is criminally underrepresented in literary translation. If the pages here are any indication, Prins’ translation of Olali’s novel, The People of Gehenna, will be a gift to the English-speaking world. MQR is fortunate to publish this excerpt from it.

Reader, his name is Eks. Last name Ngwenyama. His full name is Eks Ngwenyama. Best known as Eks. Next, Eks’s self woke up. At first it was asleep. This was quite strange because his self didn’t usually sleep. But today it slept. Eks was not aware that his self had fallen asleep. But a distant voice, from far away, told Eks his self was sleeping. He wasted no time. He begged it, beseeched it to wake up. This was even stranger; how could Eks wake up his self when he required a self to instruct him how to do the waking?

Eks volunteered to be asked some questions. He relaxed every joint of his body, giving his self a chance to say what it wanted to say. It woke up. His self came alive and got right to work on the task of interviewing Eks. An interview about being human.

Eks’s self began by asking, “Eks, what is a human being?” 

The self asked again. Bolder.

“Eks, WHAT IS A HUMAN?”

“I’ll answer you. Just give me a minute.” Eks looked weary. Exhausted, from some rough confrontations. Confrontations from the day prior. Today, he faced new confrontations—confrontations between him and his self. This question—“Eks, what is a human?”—was one his self had been asking him for many years. Those years now added up to an eon. The question still hadn’t been answered, and this lack of an answer was taking its toll on Eks’s health (if what was left of him could be called “health”). It was some time before Eks mustered the strength to reply.

“Why do you ask?” Eks asked his self.

“Why do you not answer?” Eks’s self asked him.

“It’s a tough question. I don’t know what a human is!”

“What a joke!” Self snorted hard enough to split a rock.

Followed by an echo: Jooooooke. Jooooooke. Jooooooke.

“I definitely don’t understand the meaning of being human,” Eks insisted.

“Another joke!” His self was equally insistent. “You understand PERFECTLY well what it means to be human.”

“I don’t,” Eks defended himself. “I really don’t.”

Laughter. Self laughed. And abruptly went quiet. Then, “You don’t know yourself?” asked Eks’s self.

“I know myself,” Eks answered.

“Then talk. What’s a human?”

“A human is me. I am human,” Eks spoke with a philosophical hauteur. 

“Uh-huh . . .”

“I’m different from a bird.”

“Mhm, right . . . go on.”

“I’m in the family of creatures, living and extinct, called Hominidae. ” Eks was sharpening his Latin saw.

“Well done. What a fine student,” his self applauded. “And what are the characteristics of Hominidae ?”

“Superior intellect, the ability to speak, and to stand upright.”

“Anything else?” 

“Like what?” Eks was getting exasperated.

“ I’m asking you , Eks. Is that all?” 

“Well, they are also members of the species Homo sapiens .”

“And what does Homo sapiens mean?”

“It’s a Latin phrase for an intelligent person, or a person with conscious understanding, within the Hominidae family.”

“Now, let’s take a closer look at the characteristics of humans,” Eks’s self suggested.

“You said Hominidae — meaning you yourself—have superior intelligence?”

“Yes,” Eks maintained. “I have a superior intellect.”

“And by superior intellect, you mean νουσ ποιητικός?”

“I’m not sure,” Eks admitted.

“Alright. Forget about ποιητικός. What is νουσ?”

“Why should I forget about ποιητικός?” Now Eks was the one questioning his self.

“It’s a terrible mistake to say that Homo sapiens has a superior intellect. Intelligence they may possess, but it’s hardly superior!”

“Hatuna akili aula?”

“HAKIKA NYIE HAMNA!”

“You’ll get your answer. But not yet. Have some patience,” Eks’s self warned. “But hey, you can’t dodge my question this time. What is νουσ?” 

“I can’t answer that question. Not the way you’ve asked it.”

“I’ll ask it a different way. What are the abilities of νουσ?”

“They include the ability to make logical statements, assert executive function, engage in problem-solving and abstract thought, demonstrate knowledge of truth, and use language to reflect on and learn from experience.”

“I would add that the word νουσ is derived from the Greek noun for mind, or intelligence,” Eks’s self added.

“Why are you asking me these questions?”

“You’ll find out. Not yet, though. Be patient. Patience brings blessings.”

“I don’t think I have patience,” Eks held on to the same old razor.

“That’s the reason I’m asking about Homo sapiens and your species’ νουσ ranking.”

“Ranking?” 

“Yes, the νουσ algorithm.”

“There’s no algorithm that measures the νουσ of Homo sapiens.”

“There is!”

“THERE IS NOT!”

“This is only further proof that humans do not have superior intelligence,” Self stated with a triumphant tone, in a voice only Eks could hear.

“Fine. You, my self, possess a superior intellect. So give me some knowledge about this νουσ algorithm.”

“Relax. If a chicken doesn’t know the law, don’t put it on the witness stand. I’ll give an illustration. An example from chess.”

Eks was resting on his jeuri chair. It was carved from mwaloni wood. He preferred this chair to the pillowy sofas that filled up the sitting room. Anytime Eks sat on his jeuri chair, it  felt so cooperative and compatible. His back could relax just fine on its skillfully woven seat of white yarn, elegantly stitched to each side of the chair.

He placed one foot on the prayer mat that was always on the floor. This was the left foot. The right foot he placed on top of the left. Kick and tap. Lift one up, put it under the other, then kick out the bottom one and put it on top. In the house of Eks, the right foot was host and the left foot was guest. The left relaxed, serene, while the right rubbed against the floor and then rubbed against the left. The way he was playing with his feet wasn’t just normal human fidgeting. It was more like a game. The foot didn’t rest. Was he wagging it around to ward off a muscle cramp? Maybe. It was like the left foot wasn’t even alive. These feet were just wood on top of the pile, laughing at the wood in the fire.

While Eks was sitting on the jeuri chair, he had a lot of business to attend to—even apart from wishing his self would explain whether a human intelligence algorithm existed. Above all, he wanted to know why his self was asking him all those questions in the first place. Eks tried to reach the pen on the stool. The stool was on his left side, so he couldn’t get to the pen. If only it was on the right. Then he would grab it. His left hand just couldn’t get there. He felt a shooting pain. The pen he thought he saw wasn’t actually there. What he saw was the cane he used to get around. Today, Eks mistook a cane for a pen. His eyes deceived him—daytime, schmaytime. Or is it true the day a monkey dies, all the trees are slippery?

Eks’s eyes were impaired from more than forty years of working at a cement grinding company: THE WORLD CEMENTERS INC. Sometime during his twentieth year there, Eks had a severe convulsion and was carted off to the clinic. They ran some tests; he learned he had asthma. From that time on, he had a habit of forgetting things. Things like special events, dates. He didn’t know when he was born, or where he was. He didn’t know what time to eat lunch or dinner. He couldn’t figure out what time he should wake up or what time he had to go to sleep. His brain was further compromised by his heart condition. These were all side effects of working at THE WORLD CEMENTERS INC . His lungs had to overexert themselves to perform their duties. They often failed. Breathing was heavy labor and more than a bit painful. On top of that, his legs betrayed him and caused chronic pain. Simply put, Eks’s health was terribly frail. 

Eks went outside. After a few minutes, he went inside. Then he went out again. After a few more minutes, he went back into his room. There was a large bed made of ebony. Several multicolored pillows were tossed and jumbled across it. Eks didn’t get far. Just a few steps past the garden door, he peed himself. He wasn’t ashamed. This was so normal it was the rule—the law of urinating whenever and wherever the need knocked. After all, trouble never asks to be invited in. And when trouble knocked, without even saying hodi , Eks was kind enough not to refuse its request. He obeyed its command, opened the door like a proper host, passed urine – and life went on like that. He pissed himself all over the place. What was the point of shame? Shame was an arrow he shot to pierce THE WORLD CEMENTERS INC smack in the heart . And there shame remained, exacting revenge.

How could he face off with a multinational corporation? Even if he got compensation, it would only be enough to buy a few pills. Eks had a chronic kidney condition, and all his income—from social security payments, not workers’ comp—was swallowed up by the exorbitant price of his medication. In the exertions of going out and coming back in, he relied entirely on his cane. His own legs couldn’t carry his body. Which had always been quite hefty, until just recently it started feeling weak and withered. His rickety bones strived, urgently, to hold up Eks’s frame, but failed. Every day, they tried, and they failed. Eks wasn’t the despairing type; he bought a cane. His cane was his refuge, his companion, his third leg. He had always been blessed, never having to ask what will I eat? so much as what else will I eat? Now he understood that health was superior to wealth. And how true it was, that old Swahili saying: You aren’t done until you’re dead . Such deep meaning, such significance.

Eks never had children. His childlessness could be blamed on two people. The first was Takosani binti Abdalla, Eks’s wife. And the second culprit was Takosani binti Abdalla’s husband—Eks himself. Takosani binti Abdalla had a complication with her uterus, which spread and affected her cervix. On Eks’s side, there was a sperm deficiency. Experts ran some tests and found that not only did he have a shortage of sperm, but the few sperm he did have were bloodless slackers. The doctors compared the motility of his sperm to that of a snail. For many years, Takosani binti Abdalla and her husband reassured and comforted each other with the notion that one day they would conceive a child. One day, some day. Year in and year out, they waited for that day, to no avail—but who stops eating bread for fear of heartburn? Eventually, some day came, a different day than the one they were waiting for. The day Takosani binti Abdalla passed on to the next world. Eks was mired in a desolation that aggravated his health. He found no one to help him, allowed sickness to dig in and settle. Thus he became chronically ill.

Takosani binti Abdalla’s cooking had been rich, sumptuous. She used to wake up every morning and prepare her husband something Eks liked to call A Typical English Breakfast . Of course, it wasn’t really a typical English breakfast. It was a mixture of meat, meat, and more meat. Bread on the side, double-smeared with butter. Plus a bottle of Martell, a strong cognac Eks enjoyed without his wife’s knowledge, since drinking was haram for her. Takosani binti Abdalla and Eks hated—with all their hearts—fruits and vegetables. They thought fruits and vegetables were nothing but rabbit food. They loved gorging on meat, especially grilled meat. It was a rare meal that didn’t include meat, and the butcher shop kept a whole journal just for their meat debt. Apart from grilled meat, Eks also enjoyed meat fried in copious amounts of oil, and his wife maintained that love was sweetest in their home when she fed her husband lots of greasy fried food. She firmly believed that a man’s potbelly was the ultimate testament to his wife’s cooking. She also believed that whoever picks in the sun eats in the shade. Eks’s paunch kept him from wearing the clothes he liked, or walking around as much as he wanted, or performing simple household tasks, or driving the car he loved, or even bending down to pick up his house keys, which had a frequent habit of falling to the ground due to the sharp pains always flaring up in his hands. And finally, it prevented Eks from performing a very important act—the marital act.

When Eks slept at night, he had trouble breathing. Takosani binti Abdalla didn’t pick up on this. Their lunch and dinner menu stayed the same. A week before Rabi-al-Awwal, she complained that her heart kept jolting. God’s attendant paid her a visit the very next day, during evening prayers, on the first day of mfungo sita. She went on to the next world rebuking Old Refiçul. Though she had never seen him, she blamed him for depriving her of children. “Old Refiçul!” she called out as she died, “Why have you denied me a child?”

To read the rest of this piece and much more, purchase our Spring 2024 issue ( available in print and digital forms here. )

Tom Olali holds a PhD in African Studies from the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London. He is currently a full-time faculty member in the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences at the University of Nairobi. He is a two-time winner of the Jomo Kenyatta Prize for Literature (Kiswahili Adult Category) for the novels Watu wa Gehenna (2013) and Mashetani wa Alepo (2017).

Richard Prins is a lifelong New Yorker. His poems appear in publications including Gulf Coast, jubilat, and Ploughshares ; his essays have received “Notable” mentions in Best American Essays and Best American Travel Writin g . He was awarded a 2023 PEN/Heim Translation Fund Grant for his translations from Swahili.

Related Posts

“In Which a Coffin Is a Bed But An Ox Is Not a Coffin,” by Brenda K. Marshall

“The Underground Bird Sanctuary,” by Kuzhali Manickavel

“The Hair,” by Karen Heuler

Study Shows Alarming Rise in Heart Failure Deaths, Especially Among Younger Adults

After decades of decline, heart failure mortality is climbing, with a dramatic rise in heart failure deaths among younger adults. 

The number of people dying from heart failure in the United States went down steadily from 1999 to 2009. However, progress made in treating heart failure began unraveling from 2009 to 2012 when heart failure-related mortality rates plateaued, according to a study led by Duke University School of Medicine.  

From 2012 onwards, heart failure mortality rates have been increasing. 

Marat Fudim, MD, an associate professor in the Duke Department of Medicine and lead author of the study published April 24 in JAMA Cardiology , points to widespread obesity and rising rates of diabetes and hypertension putting more people at risk for heart failure. Yet, the high cost of new heart medicines and difficulty accessing health care may be hindering effective heart failure treatment.  

“The gains made from 1999 to 2012 have been entirely undone by reversals from 2012 to 2021, meaning that contemporary heart failure mortality rates are higher than in 1999,” said Fudim, who treats patients with heart failure at Duke Health .

A surge in heart failure deaths in 2020 and 2021 masks a longer-term trend as “the origins of the reversals preceded the COVID-19 pandemic,” Fudim said. “Disruptions in health care caused by COVID-19 added fuel to a smoldering fire and heart failure mortality rates accelerated dramatically.”  

Researchers developed the cohort analysis from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiological Research .

The CDC data is based on information from death certificates and study authors acknowledge that relying on death records has limitations. Death certificates might not always accurately identify the cause of death, especially when symptoms of heart failure are similar to those of other conditions like COVID-19. 

Still, the government data revealed reversals in the decline of heart failure mortality as improving trends started to worsen. 

In 2012, the heart failure-related mortality rate of about 82 deaths per 100,000 people started going up, reaching 106 per 100,000 by 2021. This spike hasn’t been seen since 1999 when the heart failure-related mortality rate stood at 105 per 100,000 people. 

Reversals affected various groups differently. According to the study’s results, the greatest increases in mortality were seen in adults under age 45 (906.3%), adults aged 45-64 (384.7%), men (119%), African-Americans (166%), and rural residents (92%). Parts of the U.S. with the largest jumps in heart failure were the South (118%) and Midwest (115%).

Although heart failure is typically linked to old age and damage to the heart over time, the study suggests young adults are encountering heart failure.  

It’s a trend that Fudim and other experts in cardiovascular medicine believe could be connected to the repercussions of childhood obesity catching up to millennials and Gen Z.

Combating Heart Disease 

While there's no cure for heart failure, medications can ease common symptoms of fatigue, shortness of breath, and swelling.

To help the heart pump more efficiently, doctors may prescribe patients a combination of medicines from four main classes of drugs that include beta blockers and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors . However, patients may struggle to access newer therapies due to substantial co-pays or inadequate prescriptions from physicians .

For severe cases of heart failure, heart valve surgery or implantable cardioverter defibrillators might be necessary. 

Addressing the resurgence in heart failure deaths doesn’t solely depend on treatment, Fudim said.

Curbing heart failure mortality includes educating the public about heart disease prevention, diagnosing heart failure earlier, and offering remote care to the millions of rural Americans who live hours away from a hospital or heart doctor.  

“By focusing on these areas, we could enable better management to help people live longer and with a better quality of life,” Fudim said. 

Additional authors include Ahmed Sayed, MBBS; Dimitry Abramov, MD; Gregg C. Fonarow, MD; Mamas A. Mamas, MD, PhD; Ofer Kobo, MD; and Javed Butler, MD, MPH.