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Are Cover Letters Still Necessary in 2024?

In 2024, are cover letters still required? Find out in our recruiter-backed guide, which offers the latest insights and strategies for making your cover letter stand out.

4 months ago   •   7 min read

The rise of AI-generated applications coupled with a rapid change in recruitment practices may lead you to wonder whether cover letters are still necessary in 2024.

Granted, cover letters are increasingly taking a back seat to resumes, a shift partly driven by the widespread use of generic cover letter generators. But cover letters remain an important aspect of your application materials, especially when used strategically and creatively.

Although cover letter generators are handy and efficient tools, they often produce outputs that are bland and boring. So how—and when—are you supposed to craft a compelling cover letter that conveys your unique personality with a tailored approach that can set you apart?

In this article, we’ll explore when to use a cover letter, industries in which cover letters can make a real difference, and how to put together a cover letter in a way that maximizes its impact.

The declining relevance of cover letters

As the job market continues to evolve, the necessity of cover letters in 2024 is a topic of considerable debate. Cover letters have traditionally been a key component of job applications, but their significance is diminishing in the face of modern hiring practices and technological advancements.

Why cover letters are taking a back seat

The diminishing importance of cover letters in recent years can be traced back to several factors. The rise of digital job applications and LinkedIn profiles has shifted the focus towards more direct and succinct forms of professional presentation. Recruiters, inundated with a high volume of applications, often favor the concise, data-driven format of resumes over the narrative style of cover letters.

Widespread use of generic cover letter generators The rise of generic cover letter generators marks a significant shift in 2024. While these tools offer convenience and efficiency, enabling job seekers to quickly produce cover letters by inserting keywords and standard phrases, they also contribute to a lack of originality. This often results in cover letters that are formulaic and fail to stand out, diminishing their effectiveness in capturing the hiring manager's interest.

Automated screening Many companies now employ automated screening tools and Applicant Tracking Systems (ATS) that prioritize resumes over cover letters. As a result, even the most meticulously crafted cover letters might not reach human eyes. This reality further calls into question the relevance of cover letters in the digital age, prompting job seekers to focus more on tailoring their resumes to make it past these automated filters successfully.

Resume supremacy In today’s job market, resumes reign supreme for employers and recruiters, offering a concise and structured overview of a candidate's qualifications and experiences. As recruiters grapple with the sheer volume of applications, the brevity and clarity of a well-crafted resume have become more crucial than ever. This trend significantly overshadows the role of cover letters, leading many to question, "Is a cover letter necessary?"

Given its increased importance, you might be wondering how to ensure your resume stands out. That's where Resume Worded's Score My Resume can be a game-changer. This free service provides instant expert reviews, helping you understand key areas of improvement based on what recruiters and hiring managers look for.

When should you use a cover letter?

While cover letters may have lost some of their luster, there are still instances where they can be a valuable asset. Let's explore when you should consider using a cover letter in your job search.

When your resume doesn't fully tell your story

Sometimes, your resume alone may not convey the full breadth of your qualifications, experiences, or the unique career transitions you've navigated. This is where a cover letter can step in and bridge the gap. It's an opportunity to add color and context to your application, helping the hiring manager see beyond the bullet points of your resume.

Imagine you're transitioning from a career in education to corporate training. Your resume might highlight your educational experience, but a cover letter can explain your passion for corporate training and how your skills in education seamlessly translate to this new role.

When there's a good chance your cover letter will be read

The reality is not all cover letters get read. But in certain situations, the chances of your cover letter being thoroughly reviewed are higher. This could be when you're applying through a direct referral, emailing the hiring manager directly, or using platforms like Upwork where cover letters are key. In these cases, a well-crafted cover letter can set you apart from other candidates.

If you're applying for a job through a networking contact who's referred you to the hiring manager, including a tailored cover letter with your resume can make a strong impact. It shows you've taken the time to personalize your application, reinforcing the good word put in by your contact.

When your personality is a key selling point

In industries where personality and cultural fit are paramount, a cover letter provides a unique opportunity to let your individuality shine. It’s your chance to convey enthusiasm, passion, and the personal qualities that make you an ideal fit for the company culture.

If you're applying for a role in a creative industry, such as advertising or design, your cover letter can be a canvas for your creativity. Here, it’s not just about what you say but how you say it. A cover letter that showcases your creativity and personality can be as compelling as the portfolio itself.

Industries and jobs where your cover letter is vital

While the importance of cover letters is waning in many sectors, there are still specific industries and job types in which they stand out. Understanding where a cover letter can make a real difference is key.

Creative and communication-focused roles

A cover letter is often expected in industries like advertising, marketing, public relations, journalism, and other creative fields. These sectors look for candidates who can express ideas in a compelling and imaginative manner, a skill that a resume alone might not fully demonstrate.

Non-profit and community organizations

When you're aiming for a position in non-profit organizations, especially those focused on advocacy, community work, or social services, your passion and commitment to their cause are as important as your professional skills. Here, a cover letter can serve as a heartfelt testament to your dedication and personal motivations, which might not be apparent on your resume.

Executive and senior management positions

For high-level roles, a cover letter offers a window into your leadership philosophy, management style, and vision. It's not just about your past achievements but about how you plan to apply your experience and insights to the new role. In executive positions , where strategic thinking and long-term planning are critical, your cover letter can distinguish you as a visionary leader.

Academic and educational fields

In academia, whether you're applying for a faculty position, a research role, or an administrative post, a cover letter is vital. It allows you to describe your research interests, teaching philosophy, and commitment to the academic community — aspects that are fundamental to educational roles but may not be adequately conveyed through a resume.

Small businesses and startups

In smaller companies and startups, where each team member's contribution is significant, cultural fit and personal ethos are highly valued. Your cover letter can illustrate how your unique skills and experiences align with the company's vision and culture, helping you stand out in a pool of candidates.

Customer-facing and client-engagement roles

Roles that require strong interpersonal skills, such as sales, client services, or hospitality, benefit greatly from a well-crafted cover letter. It's a chance to demonstrate your ability to connect, engage, and understand customer needs, an aspect that's essential but not always apparent from a list of past job responsibilities.

Specialized technical positions

For technical roles in fields like engineering, IT, or scientific research, where specific skills or experiences are crucial, a cover letter provides the space to elaborate on how your expertise aligns with the job requirements. It can explain the nuances of your technical skills and experiences in a way that a resume might not.

How do you make the most of your cover letter?

Let's now focus on how to maximize the impact of your cover letter when it's part of your application.

Embrace automation tools wisely

In 2024, the automation tools have become quite popular. These tools are valuable for streamlining your writing process, offering basic templates and relevant details. However, the key to standing out is customization. Personalize each template for the specific job you're applying to. Avoid the common trap of submitting a generic, cookie-cutter cover letter. Show effort and originality in your application to make a lasting impression.

Prioritize your resume

Don’t forget that in the fast-paced world of recruitment, your resume often takes precedence. Recruiters, pressed for time, may not always review cover letters. So your resume should be the centerpiece of your application, showcasing your key achievements, skills, and experiences. A strong, well-crafted resume is your primary tool for catching a recruiter's eye.

Understand how recruitment works

Cover letters have seen a downward trend for a reason. Many recruiters, dealing with a high volume of applications, opt for quick decision-making, frequently overlooking cover letters. While a compelling cover letter can catch attention, it's vital to manage your expectations about its impact. Be aware that, despite your efforts, your cover letter might not always be the deciding factor.

Recognize the digital abyss

In today's digital job market, your cover letter might not always make it past the application tracking systems (ATS). These systems filter and screen applications, often based on specific criteria. If your cover letter doesn't align with these criteria, it might never reach a human reader. Be mindful of how ATS works and tailor your cover letter accordingly.

Complement, don't duplicate

Your cover letter should complement, not duplicate, your resume. Use it to provide additional context, share anecdotes, or offer insights that your resume doesn't cover. The goal is to provide a fuller picture of your qualifications and motivations.

Be realistic

The effectiveness of your cover letter can vary widely depending on the company, industry, and specific hiring practices. Some employers may value cover letters more than others. It's essential to research and understand the preferences of the company you're applying to, but also be prepared for variability in how your cover letter is received.

Let your personality shine

Infusing your personality into your cover letter can make it memorable. However, it's important to strike a balance. Avoid overloading your cover letter with excessive personal stories or information that isn't relevant to the job requirements. Your focus should be on how your unique qualities make you an ideal candidate for the position.

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Do I Need a Cover Letter in 2024? Are Cover Letters Mandatory?

During the job-hunting process, you might find yourself asking “do I really need a cover letter?”

And honestly, that’s a very good question.

You might’ve heard a lot of recruiters say that cover letters aren’t nearly as important as the resume. Some recruiters even openly admit that they don’t read cover letters at all.

So, no wonder that you’re confused about whether or not you really need a cover letter.

In this article, we’re going to deep dive into the topic and teach you when you really need a cover letter (and when you don’t).

• Whether you need to include a cover letter in your application (and why)
• When to not include a cover letter with your resume 
• When to really put effort into your cover letter   

Do I Need a Cover Letter For My Resume

Short answer: yes , you should submit a cover letter alongside your resume.

Here’s why:

• Most job openings require you to submit a cover letter. Recruiters might not have the time to read ALL the cover letters they receive, but they will definitely read cover letters if they’re on the fence for a candidate. Besides, even if they never get to your cover letter, failing to submit one when it’s required will be a red flag.
• A cover letter shows that you’ve put in the extra effort. So, even if the recruiters don’t read them, they will know that you really want the job and that you are committed to taking all necessary steps to show you’re worth it.
• A cover letter can set you apart from other candidates. Imagine this scenario: a recruiter is looking at two candidates with the same exact professional background and resume. The difference? One submitted an A++ cover letter that showed exactly why they’re the perfect fit for the job, while the other just copied and pasted an internet template. Which one would you pick? Our point exactly!

The above being said, there do exist a few cases where a cover letter isn’t necessary and a few others where you shouldn't just submit a cover letter, but you should really put in the extra effort to make it memorable!

Ready to go through them?

When Not to Include a Cover Letter

The 3 cases where you don’t need to include a cover letter with your application are:

#1. The job opening doesn’t require one. 

Yeap, in some cases, the job description will specifically instruct you not to submit a cover letter when you’re applying for the position. Needless to say, submitting one regardless of the instructions will not make you a poster child for dedication; it will just show you can’t follow instructions. 

#2. You don’t have the time to customize your cover letters. 

If there’s one thing that’s worse than not submitting a cover letter, is submitting a bad cover letter. What do we mean by bad? An uncustomized cover letter, or a cover letter based on a one-fits-all kind of template that you plan on mass-sending to all the jobs you’re applying for.  

So, if you’re applying to many jobs and you just don’t have the time (or creativity) to write a separate cover letter tailored to each job, then just don’t write one instead of making that cover letter mistake. 

#3. There is no place to upload one on the application platform.

When you’re filling out an online job application, you might notice there is no place to upload a cover letter.

Consider that a clear sign that a cover letter is not required for that particular role.  

When Should You Put Extra Effort to Submit a Cover Letter

Now, as we said, the best practice is to submit a cover letter with your resume for any job, internship, or even internal position that you apply for (unless they explicitly ask you not to). 

That being said, there are a few cases in which you should REALLY submit a cover letter—and put in extra effort to make it significant: 

• You have important information to add. It might be a career gap, the need for a relocation, or a career change - anything, basically, that you can’t go into detail about in your resume. Your cover letter is your chance to explain it (especially if it adds significant value to your application).
• There’s a personal connection/referral. If someone has personally referred you to the company, make sure to acknowledge that in your cover letter. A personal referral means bonus points for your application, so don’t miss out on a chance to mention it.
• You have a link to the company. Did you complete an internship at the company? Or maybe you know the hiring manager or someone higher up the ranks outside of work. No matter the case, be upfront about any link you may have to the company in your cover letter. It will probably do your application good or at least show those reading it that you’re transparent.
• It’s your dream job. Without making it a love letter to the company, use your cover letter to express what this job means to you professionally and how it’ll help you thrive. Passion goes a long way!

6 Tips For a Perfect Cover Letter 

The bottom line? 

Overwhelmingly, a cover letter is an essential part of your job application and you should include one with your resume.

So, as you can imagine, your cover letter should be on par with your resume. Before you start writing your cover letter, here are a few tips to make the process easier for you:

• Keep it short. One page is more than enough when it comes to cover letters. Actually, the optimal length for a cover letter is between 250-400 words long.
• Follow submission instructions. In the job description, look out for specifics on the cover letter format (Word or PDF), fonts and margins, and content (such as which sections or information to include).
• Proofread your cover letter. Once you’re done writing, make sure your cover letter doesn’t have any grammar or spelling mistakes. Use spell check software such as Grammarly to be on the safe side.
• Avoid cliches. Saying you’re a “great team player” or “effective communicator” will get you nowhere. Instead, aim to show it by backing it up with your experience. Think, “I’m a great communicator” versus “I’m a great communicator, having closed 50+ sales per month at my last job.”
• Enhance your personal brand. Opt to use the same fonts, margins, colors, and style in both your resume and cover letter. In this way, you can highlight your personal brand and make more of an impression on the hiring manager.
• Use action verbs . To make your achievements stand out, use action verbs. So, instead of repeating “I was responsible for” or “I was in charge of,” you can use action verbs such as “managed” or “coordinated.”

Do you still have some unanswered questions? Here are the most frequently asked questions on whether cover letters are mandatory.

Do I need a cover letter for a part-time job?

You should follow the same practice with your part-time job application as you would with a full-time one. That means you should definitely submit a strong cover letter with your resume (unless otherwise indicated in the job description).

Do I need a cover letter for an internal position? 

When you apply for an internal position within the company, you should create a cover letter to highlight your experience and professional interest in the position. 

Do I need a cover letter for an internship?

Yes, you should include a cover letter with your resume when you’re applying for an internship. The cover letter should focus on your skills and strengths, your education, and your dedication to the internship program. 

Not sure how to write a cover letter for an internship from scratch? This article will tell you all you need to know!

Do I need a cover letter for an entry-level job?

Yes, an entry-level cover letter is a must.

You might not have many professional or relevant experiences to list on your resume (e.g. you’re a recent college graduate or you’re changing career paths), so the cover letter is where you can convey your enthusiasm and commitment. Plus, you can also (in words) explain how your skills from your university or past career translate into the job you’re applying for. 

Do employers read the cover letter or resume first?

Generally, employers will first read your resume to see if you have the relevant experience or skills for the position. From there, they decide whether your cover letter is worth reading or not.  If you send your cover letter in the body of the email where you have attached your resume, though, the recruiter will probably skim through it before opening your resume.

Keep in mind that in such a case your cover letter should be perfect, especially in terms of spelling and business etiquette. If the recruiter spots a “u r” instead of “you are,” or a smiley face, they might not even get to your resume.    

Want your cover letter to match your resume? We are confident that the hiring manager will appreciate the effort. Do it effortlessly by using Novorésumé's matching cover letter and resume templates !  

Key Takeaways

Well, that was all on whether cover letters are mandatory in 2023. We hope that we answered all your questions on the topic. 

Here’s a quick review of the main things we covered:

• In 98% of cases, you should include a cover letter in your job application. Although recruiters might not always read it, they expect candidates to submit one. A cover letter will considerably boost your chances and set you apart from other candidates with similar backgrounds and resumes.
• Don’t include a cover letter if the job opening specifies it’s not necessary, if you don’t have time to customize it to the position, or if there is no place to upload one in the application platform.
• Put extra effort in your cover letter if you have extra information to add to your resume if you have been personally referred for the job, if you have a link to the company, or if you’re applying to your dream job.

Related Readings: 

• How to Start a Cover Letter
• How to End a Cover Letter
• How to Address a Cover Letter

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Are Cover Letters Necessary? Do You Need One in 2023?

Cover letters are one of the most important parts of the job application process. It’s a way for you to explain why you’re a good fit for the position. But are cover letters necessary?

Cover letters make you stand out from other candidates. It’s also an opportunity for you to show off your writing skills. And that can be useful during an interview or follow-up email exchange.

But, in this age of technology, it’s understandable why people still wonder, “Do I need a cover letter?” Especially since you can submit many applications online or via text message.

So are cover letters necessary? And do you need one? This guide will answer these questions and share expert cover letter tips that can help you land an interview.

Table of Contents

Cover Letters Can Make a Significant Difference in Your Job Application

Cover letters are not necessary, but they can make a huge difference in your job application. Here’s what we mean.

If you’re applying for a job and don’t have a cover letter, it’ll be hard to stand out from other applicants. And that’s because cover letters show why you want to work at a particular company and are serious about it.

For example, two equally qualified candidates are applying for a position, one with a cover letter and one without.

Chances are that the applicant who took the time to write a well-crafted cover letter will get an interview. And that’s because the person, for example, highlighted how their previous accomplishments would help the company to improve.

It’s simply not enough to send only your resume in most situations.

Are Cover Letters Necessary?

Yes, in most cases.

What you should know about cover letters is that they’re optional for some jobs. For example, your resume alone will likely be enough if you apply for an internship or a low-level assistant position.

However, let’s say you’re applying for a higher position, like an executive director position. First, you’ll need to have a well-written cover letter. That will help prove that you’ve researched the company and are interested in being part of its team.

Expressing your interest in an organization isn’t something the hiring manager will get from your application online. That’s why cover letters are crucial and should not be ignored.

Do You Really Need a Cover Letter in 2022?

The short answer is yes; you still need a cover letter in 2022.

One of the purposes of a cover letter is to demonstrate that you understand the position and are invested in it.

They give employers a good idea of who you are as an applicant. And that makes it easier for them to decide whether or not they want to interview you for their open positions.

Your cover letter can also help distinguish you from other candidates who apply for similar positions. You can use your cover letter as an opportunity to show more about yourself than what’s available on paper!

Tips to Prepare a Perfect Cover Letter

1. do your research.

A cover letter is an opportunity to tell a potential employer why they should hire you. So it should be tailored for each job and company.

The first task is to research the company and role, including the person reading your cover letter. It’s not always the hiring manager. Try to find out what they’re looking for in an employee and how their organization operates.

This will give you insight into what’s important to them in an applicant. Also, take some time to think about how today’s job market differs from that of several years ago. That can help you fine-tune your cover letter. It doesn’t matter if the change is small. It can make a huge difference.

2. Tailor Your Cover Letter to Each Role

The first and last thing you want to do is address the person reading your cover letter. Then, when applying for a job, read up on the company and find out who the hiring manager is. If there’s no name listed in the job description, call or email someone at the company to ask whom you should address it.

If there are multiple people responsible for hiring decisions, make sure to address each one individually. For example: “Dear [Hiring Manager],” “ To Whom It May Concern: ” and “Hello Mr./Ms.[First Name]. ‘

3. Don’t Let Your Resume Appear in Your Cover Letter

The primary purpose of a cover letter is to highlight and sell your qualifications. Your resume is the place where you list everything you’ve done. So don’t repeat that information in your cover letter.

Instead, do the following:

• give a brief overview of your qualifications,
• why they make you a good fit for the job, and
• how they relate to the position requirements listed by the company.

Related: How to Address a Cover Letter Without a Name

4. Be Clear and Concise

Be clear and concise to get the most out of your cover letter. One page is okay if you can; you don’t need to use up all the space. If you have more than one page, use bullet points rather than paragraphs. That makes it easier to skim through quickly.

Your tone should be professional throughout. Also, avoid using too many buzzwords, if any, as they tend to be taken seriously if used sparingly.

Finally, consider adding an “about me” section near the end of your letter. You can use that section to list relevant information about yourself that doesn’t fit anywhere else in your application. For example, employment history, educational background, or volunteer work.

5. Avoid Gimmicks, Like Weird Fonts and Drawings

Have you seen some cover letters that looked like a child wrote them? Or that included a drawing of the applicant’s pet cat? Cover letters are not the place to do that; avoid these gimmicks.

They will not help you get the job. In fact, they can do more harm than good by making you seem less professional. It can overshadow your best qualities as an employee.

Try to avoid using standard intro like “My name is [your name], and I am applying for the [position] at [company].” This is not original or creative; it’s uninteresting to read.

Instead, personalize it: “Hi, [name], My name is John Doe, and I’m applying for the Marketing Manager role at ABC Company.”

Having a friendly title will help establish rapport between readers. But don’t be too casual or informal. You want to keep things professional so that they can see how well you’ll fit in with their team or company culture if hired.

6. Use Action Words to Highlight Your Accomplishments

Use action words that highlight your accomplishments and experiences. For example, try using phrases like “increased sales by 55% within 6 months.” Or “led team through a project from concept stage to completion within two weeks.”

This way, even if someone doesn’t remember everything about you, these phrases will help them know whether or not you have what it takes.

7. Don’t Make It All About You

Don’t make the mistake of making the cover letter all about you. Instead of boasting about a skill, talk about how that skill can help the potential employer.

How are you the perfect fit for the company? How will you contribute to the company’s success? And what have you done or will do to help the company? Answer these questions in your cover letter.

8. End Your Cover Letter with Enthusiasm

You may be well qualified and rightfully confident in your abilities. But employers still want to know that you’ll be a motivated and enthusiastic employee.

So, remember to end your cover letter with enthusiasm. This will show your interest in the position and willingness to work hard and passionately if hired.

You have a greater chance of being employed if you are enthusiastic. And you’re also far more likely to stay on board over the long term. So it makes sense that 71% of CEOs believe that employee engagement is essential to the success of their company.

As a result, often, the only factor distinguishing two equally qualified candidates is their level of passion and zeal for the job.

Check our guide on how to write a cover letter for more in-depth details.

Why Is a Cover Letter Important?

Your cover letter gives the hiring manager a chance to know you better. In addition, it’s an opportunity for you to show off your writing skills and make yourself stand out from the crowd.

You can also use it to sell yourself, highlighting why they should hire you, not someone else.

Because there are so many applicants for every open position, employers have less time and resources to read through them. So it’s up to you to make sure that yours stands out from the rest.

The best way is by using a well-crafted cover letter that showcases how great an employee you’ll be if given a chance.

When Can You Skip a Cover Letter?

If you’re applying for a job that doesn’t require a cover letter—say, an internship—you can skip it. In fact, many employers will be quite clear in their postings when they don’t want to see your cover letter.

If the company does not specifically state that it wants a cover letter, you can assume it’s unnecessary. Sometimes, job listings or job descriptions don’t mention a cover letter. But it has all the other required materials, like a resume and references.

In such a situation, submit those documents without attaching additional materials such as your cover letter or résumé summary statement.

Cover Letters Alone Can’t Get the Job Done

You want to make sure you don’t let your employer down before they even meet you. In fact, without a cover letter, you might not even have the chance to meet them. Most recruiting managers expect to receive a cover letter from you.

It helps them get a sense of who you are and decide if you’re a suitable fit for the position. However, you can’t rely solely on a cover letter to get a job. It’s not an alternative to a resume nor an excuse for poorly prepared or formatted documents.

Also, there’s a difference between cover letters and resumes . Knowing the difference can help you craft the perfect cover letter or resume.

A good cover letter does have some value, though: briefly introducing yourself and explaining why you’re applying for the position. It also helps make your application stand out from the competition.

So, are cover letters necessary in 2022? Yes, if you want to stand out from the crowd of applicants. That said, your resume and online presence are enough to get noticed by recruiters these days.

But a well-written cover letter could give you an edge over other candidates.

A good cover letter will show that you care about the position and want it more than anyone else. And that makes all the difference when it comes to hiring decisions!

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Is a Cover Letter Necessary in 2024?

Published: April 03, 2024

Writing a cover letter can be daunting.

I’ll never forget my college career coach, who made writing a cover letter look easy. Even with her tips, I’ve always found it incredibly difficult to talk about myself and hype up my accomplishments.

While it acts as a letter of introduction, I’ve wondered if a cover letter is necessary in 2024. To find out, I spoke with two recruiters and gained insights on how to write the best cover letter for any job application.

How important is a cover letter?

Is a cover letter necessary, when to skip a cover letter, when to include a cover letter, tips for writing a cover letter, what if the cover letter is optional.

Cover letters are short letters of introduction that you include with job applications.

Typically, they are your chance to go into deeper details about your accomplishments that you might not have highlighted or had room to mention on your resume.

Tiffany Hall, a professional resume writer and founder of Resume911 , says cover letters are an important part of the job application process.

Hall says, “Cover letters can be very important. It’s supposed to sell why you, of all applicants, should get the job. The issue is that applicants use them to regurgitate what’s on their resume, and that’s not what it’s for. It should speak to what isn’t easily explained with your resume.”

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Five fill-in-the-blank cover letter templates to help you impress recruiters.

• Standard Cover Letter Template
• Entry-Level Cover Letter Template
• Data-Driven Cover Letter Template

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For example, if your resume says you’re skilled at building web pages, your cover letter is a great place to name-drop companies that you’ve worked for to create their websites.

Matthew Muehleisen, a corporate recruiter , thinks a cover letter is also a great place to show you’ve done your homework and researched a company.

Muehleisen says, “It can be what sets you apart from other candidates and applicants and is a good opportunity to show that you’ve done research on the position and company to further showcase your interest in the role.”

Knowing the importance of a cover letter still begs the question: Is a cover letter necessary in 2024?

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While a cover letter can help demonstrate your knowledge of the company you’re applying to and highlight more of your achievements, both Hall and Muehleisen agree that a cover letter isn’t entirely necessary.

Muehleisen says, “Unless it’s a requirement of the application, I wouldn’t say it’s necessary to include a cover letter. There are some roles (usually in content creation and marketing) that will ask for a cover letter as a form of a writing sample. In these instances, make sure your letter is polished and focused.”

If Hall had her way, she would eliminate the cover letter entirely, focus more on the resume, and ask for a link to an applicant’s LinkedIn profile.

According to Hall, “Most cover letters either repeat the resume or they speak to why the applicant isn’t a good fit. Neither is the purpose of a cover letter.”

Nevertheless, 74% of hiring managers still prefer applications to include a cover letter. So, it is definitely worth considering including one — even if the application says it’s optional.

If you’re looking for a new role, writing a cover letter can be time-consuming — especially if you take the time to personalize every letter you send to a hiring manager.

Although a cover letter does serve a legitimate purpose, and 83% of hiring managers read it, there are a few situations where you shouldn’t include a cover letter. Let’s take a look at those scenarios.

If You Only Have a Template of a Cover Letter

I get it. Writing an effective cover letter takes a significant amount of time.

But consider not sending one if you only have time to plug your information into a cover letter template without personalizing it before hitting submit on an application.

Don’t get me wrong. A cover letter template is a great starting point to write your cover letter. Templates often remind you to include pertinent information like the hiring manager’s title, name, and your contact information.

However, if you don’t take the time to edit the body of the cover letter and personalize it with research and your relevant experience, you risk sending the same letter as another candidate.

And considering that 48% of hiring managers spend anywhere from 30 seconds to two full minutes reading each cover letter, the chances are high that your hiring manager can spot a form letter a mile away.

Don’t send it if you don’t have the time to personalize a cover letter.

If Your Cover Letter Is Full of Critique

A cover letter is meant to explain why you’re the best candidate for the open position. However, a cover letter is not a place for you to share your ideas of how the company can improve.

Sure, every company likely has areas of improvement, and the job you’re applying for might be the role that gets a say in that, but a list of improvements might read as a critique.

You don’t want to potentially offend a hiring manager before you even get an interview. A bad cover letter can hurt a strong candidate, according to 33% of hiring managers .

Before you submit your cover letter, read through it several times to make sure it’s not a critique. If it does sound like a critique, throw it out.

If It’s Not Required

There are other instances where you shouldn’t send a cover letter. For example, if the application’s instructions specifically state that you do not need to submit a cover letter for consideration for the job.

In fact, sending a cover letter anyway can signal to the hiring manager that you don’t follow instructions. Not following instructions is also a great way to land your application in the trash bin.

The bottom line is this: If the application specifically states not to send a cover letter, don’t send it.

Of hiring managers, 74% prefer to see job applications with a cover letter apart from the resume. Knowing this, if you have the time to include a cover letter with your job application, don’t skip it.

Here are three instances when you should send a cover letter with your application.

Send a cover letter if you’re very interested in the role.

Think of your cover letter as your time to shine. Use it as a place to highlight your experiences and the qualifications that make you a great fit for the position.

Hall says, “If you can speak to why you’re a good candidate without copying your resume in paragraph form, include a cover letter.”

In other words, don’t use bullet points in your cover letter to describe your previous employment history.

Instead, talk about what you learned on the job and how your skills will help you excel in the role you’re applying for.

Send a cover letter when there’s a gap in your resume or you’re transitioning industries.

If you’re looking to transition to another industry, you should definitely include a cover letter with your application.

Speaking from personal experience, if I had only submitted a resume to my school district when I applied to be a Spanish teacher, the hiring manager would have just seen my experience in Public Health and would not have known about my skills and success in tutoring students in Spanish.

Muehleisen puts it this way, “If you’re looking to transition to a new industry or if there is a position and company you’re really excited about pursuing as an opportunity, these are the best instances to include a cover letter so that you can possibly give yourself an advantage.”

A cover letter can also help explain any gaps in your resume — especially if the gap in your employment history is beneficial to the role you’re applying for.

For example, maybe you volunteered in South America, and the role you’re applying for is for a position in Global Operations.

It never hurts to include positive, pertinent information in your cover letter.

Send a cover letter when it’s required.

The most obvious time to include a cover letter with your application is when it is required. Just like not including a cover letter when it’s not required, it shows you can follow directions.

Include a cover letter when the application asks you to submit one, which shows you can follow directions.

Plus, if the application asks for a cover letter, you can bet the hiring manager will look for it. If no cover letter is included, well, you’re sabotaging your chances of getting an interview.

Only 13% of hiring managers will consider giving a candidate an interview if they don’t attach a required cover letter to an application.

Writing a cover letter is not as painful as it sounds. There are great templates you can use as a starting point for your cover letter.

The trick with a template, though, is to make sure you always personalize the letter to your own experiences and qualifications.

Here are five expert tips to write a winning cover letter.

1. Tailor your cover letter to the job description.

When writing a cover letter, especially if you use a cover letter template, you should tailor the letter to match the job description and meet the requirements of the application.

For example, if the application asks you to attach a short cover letter, keep it brief. Your best bet is one to two short paragraphs detailing why you’re a great fit for the position.

You’ll also want to reference keywords from the job description in your cover letter. Many recruiters use applicant tracking systems that scan application packets for the best fit.

Often, hiring managers review the applications that match the keywords first.

Now, that doesn’t mean to stuff your cover letter with keywords. Instead, use them in a natural way as you discuss your qualifications.

2. Be personable with your greeting.

You might have seen the advice telling you to use “To Whom It May Concern” instead of the hiring manager’s name. This is good advice, but only if you do not know the hiring manager.

Before resorting to a generic greeting to start your cover letter, take the time to look on the company’s website and LinkedIn to find out who makes hiring decisions.

If you have contacts in your network who are familiar with the company, ask them. Taking the time to research the hiring manager and the company shows you care about the details — a quality many hiring managers look for in a candidate!

If you’re still unsure after researching the company, consider using “Dear Sir or Madam” as your greeting.

3. Be yourself.

While a cover letter is a formal introduction of yourself to a potential employer, it doesn’t need to be lacking in personality. Hall suggests sprinkling your personality in your cover letter to spark connections with the hiring manager.

Hall says, “Be your best professional self. I’m a foodie and will include references to food on my LinkedIn, and I’ve done it in a cover letter. I’ve had managers reference them, and we had a chuckle. I am also very clear about aligning myself with companies whose mission and goals I respect and can contribute to. I make sure to speak to that in the cover letter.”

Take Hall’s advice. Showcasing your vibrant personality in your cover letter can help break the ice in your interview!

4. Proofread your cover letter.

Once you’ve written your cover letter and before you hit “send,” double-check that it is free from spelling and grammar errors and that the company you referenced is the company you are applying to.

Muehleisen says skipping proofreading your cover letter is a big mistake — and it could cost you the job!

Muehleisen says, “Make sure that you are proofreading prior to sending. If the cover letter feels like it is a simple cut/paste or if the job title and company name are incorrect, it may do more harm than good. So, be sure that what you’re sending is pertinent.”

5. Be cautious of AI.

AI tools, like ChatGPT or Claude, are great for helping draft content. You might be tempted to ask generative AI to write your cover letter for you. However, both Hall and Muehleisen say to proceed with caution when it comes to AI.

Hall says, “AI is coming along in amazing ways, so it may come as a surprise that my best tip didn’t include AI. I tell my clients when they’re stuck to look to their peers. You can search people by job title on LinkedIn. See how they describe themselves and pull from there. Or, hire a resume writer or career strategist to help you.”

Muehleisen agrees with her. He says, “I would hesitate to use a tool or service for a cover letter as the point should be to show your authenticity. If you are going to use AI for assistance, make sure to put your own words in as well.”

However, when you write your cover letter, whether using a template or generative AI, personalizing it is key to standing out from the competition.

If the job description says a cover letter is optional, should you send one, or can you get by without it?

That can be tricky, considering 72% of recruiters still expect a cover, even if it’s optional.

According to Muehleisen, sending a cover letter is not a bad idea. He says, “I’ve never heard of a cover letter hurting an applicant’s chances; just make sure the one you’re including is specific to the job description and posting.”

Check out these cover letter examples for more inspiration.

Experiment With Your Cover Letters

Writing a cover letter is a breeze once you get the hang of it. With today’s challenging job market, sending a cover letter with your application can make a difference in whether you get called for an interview.

I can’t make promises that your cover letter will dazzle hiring managers each time, but for the right position for you, it will.

Remember Hall and Muehleisen’s advice when you craft your cover letter. Personalization is key to success!

Don't forget to share this post!

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• Career Blog

Do I Need a Cover Letter? Are Cover Letters Still Necessary

This article explores the continued importance of cover letters in today’s job market, and whether they are still necessary in the modern era of job applications. While many job seekers may wonder if a cover letter is worth the time and effort, this article aims to provide insight and guidance on the role of the cover letter in the hiring process.

Importance of a Cover Letter

A cover letter serves as an introduction of yourself to a potential employer, highlighting your qualifications, experiences, and skills that align with the job description. It also provides an opportunity to showcase your personality, enthusiasm, and interest in the position you are applying for. A well-crafted cover letter can capture the attention of a hiring manager and set you apart from other applicants.

Brief History of the Cover Letter

The practice of including a cover letter with a job application can be traced back to the 1950s, when the job market was expanding and competition for roles increased. The cover letter was seen as a way to set oneself apart from the pack of applicants and make a strong first impression. While the format and style of cover letters may have evolved over the years, their purpose remains the same – to create a favorable initial impression and persuade the employer to invite the candidate for an interview.

The Importance of a Cover Letter

When it comes to job applications, many people question whether or not a cover letter is necessary. However, a well-crafted cover letter can make a significant difference in the hiring process, setting you apart from other applicants and demonstrating your interest and qualifications for the position.

A. Explanation of the significance of cover letters

A cover letter is a document that accompanies your resume when applying for a job. It provides an opportunity for you to introduce yourself, showcase your qualifications, and express your interest in the position. While a resume provides a summary of your work experience and education, a cover letter allows you to tailor your application to the specific job you are applying for.

B. Comparison with a resume

While a resume provides an overview of your skills and experience, it is often a generic document that is sent out to multiple employers. A cover letter, on the other hand, is specific to the job you are applying for and allows you to demonstrate how your skills and experience align with the requirements of the position.

C. Advantages of a cover letter

A well-crafted cover letter has several advantages:

• It can demonstrate your writing skills and attention to detail.
• It allows you to showcase your personality and enthusiasm for the position.
• It provides an opportunity to explain any gaps in your employment history or career transitions.
• It can highlight specific accomplishments or skills that may not be fully reflected in your resume.

D. Common misconceptions about cover letters

Despite these advantages, there are several misconceptions about cover letters that may discourage job seekers from including them with their application:

• “No one reads cover letters.” While it’s true that some employers may not place as much emphasis on cover letters as they do on resumes, many still consider them an important part of the application process.
• “My resume speaks for itself.” While your resume may provide a summary of your experience and qualifications, a cover letter allows you to explain how you can contribute to the company and why you are specifically interested in the position.
• “I don’t have time to write a cover letter.” While it may take some additional time to write a cover letter, it can ultimately increase your chances of getting the job by setting you apart from other applicants.

While the debate over the necessity of cover letters continues, taking the time to craft a well-written and tailored cover letter can make a significant difference in the hiring process. It can demonstrate your interest and qualifications for the position and set you apart from other candidates, ultimately increasing your chances of landing the job.

When to Use a Cover Letter

As a job seeker, you may wonder if a cover letter is necessary in today’s job market. The answer is, it depends. In some situations, submitting a cover letter can have a significant impact on your application, while in others, it may not make a difference. Here, we’ll discuss the different scenarios where a cover letter is appropriate so that you can determine if one is needed for your specific job search.

A. Overview of the situations where cover letters are appropriate

A cover letter is a document that complements your resume and explains why you are interested in a particular company or position, what skills and experience you have that make you a good fit, and how you can contribute to the organization’s success. Here are the situations where including a cover letter is appropriate:

B. When the employer requests one

The most obvious scenario where you should submit a cover letter is when the job listing explicitly states it as a requirement. When an employer requests a cover letter, failing to include one may automatically disqualify you from consideration. Therefore, always carefully read the job posting and follow the application instructions.

C. When applying for a specific position

Even if the job posting doesn’t mention a cover letter, including one can still be an effective way to boost your chances of getting noticed. A cover letter allows you to tailor your application to a specific position and company, addressing how your skills and experience match the specific requirements and responsibilities of the job. It shows that you’ve done your research and are genuinely interested in the opportunity.

D. When career-switching or re-entering the workforce

If you’re making a significant career change or have been out of the workforce for a while, a cover letter is particularly important. In these situations, your resume may not adequately convey why you are a good fit for a particular job or company. A cover letter allows you to explain why you’re making the change or have a gap in your employment history and how your previous experience and skills are still relevant.

While a cover letter may not always be necessary, it can be a valuable addition to your job application. When in doubt, consider whether it can help you stand out in a competitive job market or better showcase your suitability for a role. Ultimately, the decision to include a cover letter should be based on the specific job opportunity and your own judgment.

How to Write a Cover Letter

A cover letter is a critical part of job applications that complements your resume. Although some job postings receive applications without cover letters, it is still necessary to include one to showcase your skills and personal story that the resume may not fully highlight. Here are some components, tips, and techniques to create an effective cover letter.

A. Overview of the components of a cover letter

A cover letter should have the following components:

Header  – Include your name, address, email, phone number, and the date. Then write the recipient’s name, title, and company’s name, and address beneath it.

Salutation  – Start the letter by addressing the recipient with their full name if you know it. If not, use “Dear Hiring Manager” or “Dear [company name] recruiter.”

Introduction  – A compelling opening statement should grab the reader’s attention and explain who you are, what position you are applying for, and why you are interested in the position.

Body paragraphs  – This is the core of the letter where you introduce your qualifications, skills, and experience that match the job description. Customize your examples to show how you can contribute to the company.

Closing paragraph  – Conclude the letter by expressing your enthusiasm for the position and employer, share your contact information, and request a meeting to discuss the application further.

Closing  – End the letter with “Sincerely,” “Best,” or “Regards,” and sign your name.

B. Tips for writing an effective cover letter

Here are some tips for writing an effective cover letter:

Customize your letter  – Tailor your cover letter according to the job description and company culture. Avoid a generic cover letter that is not specific or relevant to the position you are applying to.

Highlight your achievements  – Use specific examples from your education, experience, or past accomplishments that showcase your skills and how you can add value to the company.

Keep it brief  – Avoid lengthy cover letters that may bore the reader. Limit the letter to one page and use bullet points if necessary.

Use proper grammar  – Avoid spelling errors, typos or grammar mistakes. Proofread your letter and ask someone else to review it.

C. Common mistakes to avoid

Here are common mistakes to avoid:

Repeating your resume  – The cover letter should complement your resume, not repeat it. Avoid copying the same information in both documents.

Being overly formal  – Use a professional tone, but avoid being too formal. Try to bring out your personality in the letter.

Using a generic template  – Avoid using generic templates or samples found online. A custom cover letter shows that you have taken time to research the company and position.

Sample Cover Letter Outline

If you’re wondering whether or not you need a cover letter when applying for a job, the answer is “yes”. While it may seem like an outdated practice, cover letters are still necessary in today’s job market. They give you the opportunity to showcase your skills, qualifications, and personality in a way that your resume cannot.

A. Introduction

Begin your cover letter with a professional greeting and an introduction that explains who you are and the position you are applying for. This is your chance to grab the recruiter’s attention and make a strong first impression. Be sure to include the job title and the company name in your introduction.

B. Body Paragraph 1: Highlight skills and qualifications

The first body paragraph should highlight your skills and qualifications that make you a strong candidate for the job. This is the time to talk about your experience and the specific skills that you can bring to the position. Show the recruiter that you are the best fit for the job by using keywords from the job description that match your skills and experiences.

C. Body Paragraph 2: Provide specific examples

In the second body paragraph, provide specific examples of your accomplishments and experiences that demonstrate your skills and qualifications. This is where you can really showcase your achievements and give examples of how you’ve demonstrated your skills in the past. Use bullet points to make your examples easy to read.

D. Body Paragraph 3: Explain the match with the company culture and values

The third body paragraph should explain how your skills and values match the company’s culture and values. Research the company and find out what their mission statement and values are. Then, explain how your skills and experiences align with those values. This shows the recruiter that you’ve done your homework and that you’re invested in the company culture.

E. Conclusion

In the conclusion, summarize your skills and experiences, explain why you’re excited about the job, and thank the recruiter for their time. End your cover letter with a professional closing, such as “Sincerely” or “Best regards”. Don’t forget to include your contact information, such as your email and phone number.

While the question of whether or not cover letters are still necessary may be up for debate, it’s clear that they can still be a valuable tool for job seekers. By following this sample cover letter outline, you can create a professional and effective cover letter that showcases your best qualities and sets you apart from other candidates.

Customizing a Cover Letter

When it comes to job applications, customizing your cover letter is an essential step you don’t want to skip. A one-size-fits-all cover letter may seem like a time-saver, but it won’t help your application stand out. Instead, a customized cover letter that speaks to the specific job and company can go a long way in catching the recruiter’s attention.

A. Explanation of why customizing is important

Customizing your cover letter shows the recruiter that you take the application process seriously and have taken the time to research the company and position. It also helps highlight your relevant skills and experience that align with the job requirements, making it easier for the recruiter to see how you can contribute to the organization. In short, customizing your cover letter can make the difference between your application being ignored or getting called for an interview.

B. How to research the company and the position

Before you start drafting your cover letter, take some time to research the company and the specific job you are applying for. Look at the company’s website, social media accounts, and news articles to understand their mission, values, and current initiatives. This research can also give you insights into the company’s culture and work environment, which you can highlight in your cover letter.

Make sure to carefully read the job description and identify the key skills, experience, and qualifications the employer is looking for. This information will help you tailor your cover letter to the job requirements and showcase how you meet or exceed them.

C. How to tailor the cover letter to the job description

Once you have completed your research, it’s time to start writing your customized cover letter. Start by addressing the letter to the specific person who will be reviewing your application, if possible. Use a professional and friendly tone throughout the letter, and make sure to highlight your relevant experience and skills using specific examples.

Use the keywords and phrases from the job description in your cover letter to demonstrate how your experience aligns with the employer’s requirements. Show your enthusiasm for the position and the company by offering specific examples of how you can contribute to their success.

D. How to address gaps or inconsistencies in the resume

If you have any gaps or inconsistencies in your resume, don’t ignore them. Instead, address them in your cover letter. Be honest and upfront about the issue, and explain how you have worked to address it or what you have learned from the experience. Make sure to focus on the positive aspects of your experience and how it has helped you grow and develop as a professional.

Customizing your cover letter is an important step in the job application process. By taking the time to research the company and the position, tailoring your cover letter to the job description, and addressing any gaps or inconsistencies in your resume, you can show the recruiter that you are the right candidate for the job.

Cover Letters for Online Applications

A. overview of applying online.

Applying for jobs online has become increasingly popular in recent years due to the convenience it offers. Instead of printing out a cover letter and resume, you can now simply upload them to the company’s website or email them as attachments. However, applying online requires a different approach than traditional methods.

B. Differences Between Traditional and Online Cover Letters

While the purpose of a cover letter remains the same, there are some key differences between traditional and online cover letters. For example, online cover letters may be shorter and more concise, as employers receive a large volume of online applications. Additionally, online cover letters may need to be formatted differently depending on the platform being used.

C. Importance of Formatting and Keywords

When submitting an online cover letter, it’s essential to pay attention to formatting and keywords. Employers often use applicant tracking systems (ATS) to screen resumes and cover letters, which means that including relevant keywords can increase your chances of getting noticed. Additionally, proper formatting can make your cover letter more readable and professional.

D. Tips for Writing an Online Cover Letter

When writing an online cover letter, it’s important to be clear, concise, and professional. Start by addressing the hiring manager by name if possible, and introduce yourself and why you’re applying for the position. Be sure to highlight how your skills and experience align with the job requirements, and provide specific examples to demonstrate your abilities. Finally, don’t forget to proofread your cover letter carefully to catch any errors or typos.

Even in the digital age, cover letters for online applications are still necessary. By following these tips and crafting a well-written cover letter, you can increase your chances of landing the job.

Cover Letters for Networking

A. explanation of networking.

Networking is the process of establishing connections with people who can help you further your professional goals. It involves meeting people, attending events, and building relationships that can provide you with opportunities to advance your career.

B. When to send a cover letter when networking

Sending a cover letter when networking can be a great way to introduce yourself and make a positive impression. It’s best to send a cover letter after you’ve made a meaningful connection and have a specific opportunity or goal in mind. You can also send a cover letter when reaching out to someone for informational interviews or job shadowing opportunities.

C. How to use the cover letter in a networking context

In a networking context, your cover letter should focus on building a connection with the recipient. Use your cover letter to introduce yourself, explain your interest in their work, and highlight any mutual connections or shared interests. Be sure to express your gratitude for their time and consideration, and make it clear what you hope to gain from the relationship.

D. Best practices for networking cover letters

Here are some tips to help ensure your networking cover letter is effective:

• Be specific:  Highlight the specific opportunity or goal you have in mind, and explain how you believe the recipient can help you achieve it.
• Focus on the relationship:  The purpose of your networking cover letter is to establish a connection with the recipient. Keep your message friendly and personal, and aim to build a rapport rather than just promoting your own agenda.
• Keep it concise:  Your letter should be short and to the point, with a clear call-to-action. Make sure the recipient knows what you’re asking for, and what you have to offer in return.
• Personalize it:  Research the recipient and their work before you write your letter. Use this information to tailor your message, and show that you’ve done your homework.
• Proofread carefully:  Any mistakes in your letter can detract from your credibility and professionalism. Take the time to carefully proofread your message before you hit send.

Cover letters can still be a valuable tool for networking. By following these best practices, you can use your cover letter to make a great impression and build meaningful relationships that can help you advance your career.

Cover Letters for Career Transitions

If you’re considering making a career transition, the idea of creating a cover letter might seem daunting. However, a well-crafted cover letter can be a powerful tool in convincing potential employers that you have the skills needed to excel in your new field.

A. Explanation of Career Transitions

Career transitions occur when individuals switch from one industry or job role to another. Whether it’s due to a desire for a new challenge, a need for a better work-life balance, or the pursuit of a more lucrative career, transitioning to a new field is a common occurrence in today’s job market.

B. When to Use a Cover Letter When Transitioning Careers

If you’re making a significant career change, it’s important to use a cover letter to explain your reasons for the transition and to showcase your skills that are relevant to the new industry or role. If you have limited experience or education in the new field, a cover letter can help you make a compelling case for why you’re a great candidate despite these limitations.

C. How to Highlight Transferable Skills

When crafting your cover letter, focus on highlighting the transferable skills that you possess that are relevant to the new position. This could include skills like project management, problem-solving, communication, leadership, or innovation. Use specific examples and achievements from your previous roles to illustrate how your skills can be applied in the new field.

D. Best Practices for Transitioning Cover Letters

When writing a cover letter for a career transition, follow these best practices to increase your chances of success:

• Be upfront about your career change and explain why you’re making it.
• Research the new industry or role to understand the skills and qualifications needed to be successful.
• Identify the transferable skills you possess that are relevant to the new position.
• Use quantifiable data and specific examples from your previous roles to illustrate your skills and achievements.
• Customize your cover letter for each application to highlight the most relevant skills and experiences.

While cover letters may not be necessary for every job application, they are essential for career transitions. A well-crafted cover letter can help you stand out from the competition and convince hiring managers that you have the skills needed to succeed in your new career.

Alternatives to a Cover Letter

In today’s job market, many job seekers are questioning the importance of a traditional cover letter. While a well-crafted cover letter can still add value to your application, there are also alternatives to consider.

A. Overview of alternative documents and methods

Aside from the traditional cover letter, there are several other documents and methods that you can use to showcase your skills and qualifications:

• Personal statements
• LinkedIn profiles
• Project portfolios
• Professional blogs
• Networking events

B. Video cover letters

One popular alternative to the traditional cover letter is the video cover letter. This method allows you to showcase your communication and presentation skills and stand out from other applicants. When creating a video cover letter, be sure to focus on the key components of a traditional cover letter, such as your qualifications, experience, and why you are a good fit for the role.

C. Infographics or resumes

Another way to catch the attention of potential employers is through the use of infographics or resumes. These formats allow you to creatively showcase your skills, experience, and career highlights without the need for a traditional cover letter. For example, you could create a one-page infographic that visually highlights your accomplishments or a 500-word resume that tells your career story in a narrative format.

Whether or not you choose to include a cover letter in your application, it’s important to think strategically about how you present yourself to potential employers. Consider a range of alternative documents and methods to showcase your skills and stand out from the crowd.

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The Only Cover Letter Guide You’ll Need in 2024 (+Examples)

• Kaja Jurcisinova , 
• Updated January 16, 2024 13 min read

Oh, the dreaded cover letter. Job seekers hate writing it and nobody knows if anybody even reads cover letters anymore. And yet, not attaching one to your application would be a terrible mistake. This cover letter guide will tell you not only why to write one, but also how to write a really good one.

But first , why does everyone hate writing cover letters so much?   After all, a cover letter gives you a unique opportunity to distinguish yourself from others.

In comparison with a resume, the cover letter allows you to provide details that didn’t fit in on your resume and demonstrate your passion.

All the negativity that surrounds the cover letter probably comes down to the fact that good cover letters require a bit of alchemy. They also take time to write.

This guide will help you avoid any mistakes and write a strong cover letter that will catch the recruiter’s attention. We also include cover letter examples.

Generally speaking, you want to make your cover letter:

• easy to read for the recruiter;
• well-structured;
• max 4 paragraphs/1 page long;
• professional in both tone and greetings;
• tailored for the specific opening.

Let's get to it!

Table of Contents

Click on a section to skip

Why should you write a cover letter?

How do recruiters read cover letters, how to write a great cover letter in 9 simple steps.

• What if you're told to NOT submit a cover letter? 

Final cover letter tips and hacks

Cover letter examples.

So, how exactly is the cover letter important for your job application? 

Some may argue that the cover letter in 2024 isn't really relevant anymore. In fact, one study stated that only 18 percent of hiring managers think cover letters are a key part of an application.

However, don’t get fooled by these statistics. While your resume may be considered more important during the hiring process, including a well-written cover letter can increase your chances of landing a job. 

For instance, 83% of hiring managers would be convinced by a really good cover letter — even if the resume wasn’t good enough, according to this study .

And there's more to it.

Some of the key advantages of the cover letter are:

• It’s much less structured than the resume and lets you develop a story. 
• It gives you space to get a little more creative. 
• Your personality can shine through thanks to it.
• You can elaborate on key achievements mentioned in your resume.
• It helps explain a lack of experience, career change, or an employment gap.

In other words, the cover letter is a perfect chance to bridge the distance between you and a recruiter even before the actual job interview . 

Pro tip: Before writing a cover letter, make sure that you have a powerful resume that matches the job description. Because if your resume doesn’t fit a desired profile, your cover letter probably won’t get read at all. To learn more, you may want to check out our  Ultimate Resume Guide .

First, they read them to decide if you’re the right fit for a position. For this reason, avoid generic write-ups at all costs. What recruiters love to see is a short persuasive argument of why you fit the role and the company. Something like this: 

“I was happy to hear about this job opening from my former manager, Jane Anne. She and I have worked together on many projects throughout the years and she thought that I would be the perfect match for this position.“

Second, recruiters are looking for inconsistencies . For instance, if your resume shows attention to detail but your cover letter is addressed to the wrong person, wrong company, and is filled with typos, it's inconsistent. You want to ensure the number of inconsistencies is kept to a minimum.

Third, they're trying to get a hint of your personality . Cultural fit is important to many companies.

So, throughout the process of cover letter writing, it's essential to keep in mind the recruiter who's going to be the recipient of your letter. 

Because at the end of a day, a good cover letter shouldn't be solely about you — it's supposed to be written with the hiring manager in mind. 

So ask yourself:  

• Is my cover letter easy to read?
• Have I addressed the right person in the opening?  
• Will it help them decide if I'm the right fit?
• Did I use the right tone of voice that fits their company culture?

If you answered “no” to any of these questions, our cover letter guide is exactly for you.

Writing a cover letter may seem like a challenging task at first but if you know a few key cover letter rules, the process can become much easier. 

Before you start writing your cover letter, find out more about the company you're applying for. Look at their website and LinkedIn . The research also includes looking at the job description very closely and identifying any recurring keywords. Also, search for specific cover letter examples for the role online.

Placed at the very beginning of your cover letter, the header is where you include your contact information (i.e. your full name, email address, phone number) and the company's contact information (i.e. the manager’s or recruiter’s name, job title, department, the name of the company, company’s address). 

When in doubt, try to use this formula: Number or Trigger word + Adjective + Keyword + Promise.  The result can look something like this: 5 Ways I Can Help You Improve Your Company’s [insert a position-related keyword]

If the name of the hiring manager isn't written in the job posting, research their name and contact information online. For example, look at the company's page or LinkedIn. Then, greet them by saying "Dear [first name]" . If, however, the company culture is very formal, go for the classic "Dear Hiring Manager" .

The first paragraph is the perfect place to shortly explain why the job seems exciting to you and why you’re the right person for it .  You can also compliment the company or name a mutual acquaintance who referred you.

Try to answer these questions: 1. What did you do at a previous position that gave you relevant experience?  2. How could this experience help the new company grow? 3. Which of the projects you have worked on would benefit their business? 4. Which of your skills make you well-equipped for the position?  5. Do any of these skills give you an edge over other candidates?

The following questions should help you : What excites you about the idea of working at this company? How do the company goals align with your own? What do you hope to gain and learn from working there?

In the cover letter closing paragraph : reiterate that your experience and enthusiasm make you a great candidate, add a confident call to action, express gratitude, and always use a formal sign-off.

You can either attach the cover letter as a separate document in the email when sending your resume , or send it directly in the body of the email (that way they can't ignore it).

In the following chapters we look at each step more closely and include specific examples you can copy and paste.

Step 1: Prepare and do some research 

Knowledge is power. Before you begin writing:

• Find out more about the company and the position you're applying for. Spend some time on the company’s website, its executives’ Twitter feeds, and employee profiles on LinkedIn. It will also help you decide on the tone of your cover letter. For example, if it’s a company like Kickresume , you can easily get away with more unusual approaches. But if it’s a conservative institution, like a bank or a lawyer's office, you should probably keep it formal.
• Search for specific cover letter examples for your role online . Pick some examples that fit your role and use these for inspiration. (By the way, that link just now will take you to our database of successful cover letters from real people who got hired. Totally worth checking out.)
• Look at the job descriptions of the roles you’re applying for . Identify major experience and hard skill keywords, so you can insert them in your letter in the relevant sections.

Once you've done this basic research, you can finally start thinking about the structure of your cover letter. 

This short infographic will show you that writing a cover letter is a lot simpler than you might have thought: 

Step 2: Include a header with basic info rmation

Placed at the very beginning of your cover letter, the header is the place where you should include your contact information and the contact information of the company. 

A cover letter is still a letter, after all. 

At the left side of the page include the information based on which you can be reached by the recruiter. 

Here, make sure to include: 

• your full name
• your email address
• phone number

Optionally, you can also add:

• your professional title
• address (if it vaguely matches the location of the job offer)
• current date
• personal website/LinkedIn

The top right side of the page is reserved for company-related information. Here, you should put: 

• the manager’s or recruiter’s name (if available)
• job title 
• the name of the company
• company’s address

Not a fan of writing?

Our AI writer will write the first draft of your cover letter for you.

Step 3: Write a strong cover letter headline

When you’re browsing the web, what articles usually catch your attention? Those with great headlines, of course! 

The same applies to cover letter headlines.

Start by paying attention to the headlines around you — especially in tabloids and websites like Buzzfeed (Is Buzzfeed still a thing? How very 2010s of me). These are usually designed to stir up your interest and make it impossible to not click through. 

Notice how they use numbers, questions, and interesting adjectives to promise the reader to learn something valuable.

And you can do the same in your cover letter.

When in doubt, try to use this formula: Number or Trigger word + Adjective + Keyword + Promise. 

The result can look something like this: 

• 3 Reasons Why I’m An Excellent Fit For [Job Position]
• Are You Still Looking To Fill The Position Of [Job Position]? This Is Why I Believe I’m Exactly Who You’re Looking For
• 5 Ways I Can Help You Improve Your Company’s [insert a position-related keyword]

Finally, don’t forget to adjust your header to the company’s level of formality and put your headline in the subject of the email.

Step 4: Use the correct form of greeting

In this time and age, there’s no excuse for using “To Whom It May Concern.”  

If the name of the hiring manager isn't written in the job posting, you’re expected to research their name and contact information online. For example, look at the company's page or LinkedIn. 

Once you have their name, feel free to go for a personalized greeting: 

“Dear [first name]” or “Dear Mr./Mrs. [last name]” 

Honorifics (e.g. Mr., Mrs., Ms .) are more appropriate if the company’s culture is formal. 

And if you cannot find the recruiter’s name, it's okay to go for a generic: 

“Dear Hiring Manager”, or “Dear Recruitment Officer”

Alternatively, you can address the letter to the whole company team or the HR department. In this case, your greeting should look like this: 

“Dear [name of the company/department] Team” or “Dear Human Resources”

Step 5: First paragraph: Introduce yourself with a BANG!

The best way to start a cover letter is to open strong. The first impression matters the most and busy recruiters often have a chance to properly dive into only a few selected cover letters. 

So if you make your first paragraph captivating, chances are that your letter will be one of the lucky ones that actually end up being read. 

In fact, the first paragraph is the perfect place to shortly explain why the job seems exciting to you and why you’re the right person for it. 

While most people begin their letters with “I’m applying for the position X I saw in Y place,” it's a waste of space. 

Instead, open with a sentence like this:

“I’m a content marketing professional with more than 5 years of experience and I’d love to bring my ability and passion to your team.”

In the first paragraph, you can also:

• Compliment the company. Show that you know details about the company and you’re approaching it for a reason. For example, demonstrate appreciation for what the company does. Not only will this flatter them, but it will also provide them with insight into who you are.
• Name a mutual acquaintance if you can. This is sometimes called a “magic bullet,” as it’s the one thing that will assure the hiring manager reads your cover letter until the end. 

However, limit the introduction to 1-3 sentences. This isn’t the place to go into detail about what makes you ideal for the role — save that for the second and third paragraphs. 

Step 6: Second paragraph: Explain why you’re a great fit for the company

The second paragraph is the place where you should sell yourself and your experience.  

Here, write a short summary of your career, skills and accomplishments, tailored to fit what the company is looking for. 

You already did your research, so now it's time to ask yourself these questions and try to address them in your cover letter:

• What did you do at a previous position that gave you relevant experience? 
• How could this experience help the new company grow?
• Which of the projects you have worked on would benefit their business?
• Which of your skills make you well-equipped for the position? 
• Do any of these skills give you an edge over other candidates?

After you’ve picked the most relevant accomplishments, put them at the start of your letter. 

However, when talking about them, avoid sounding like you’re bragging. The best way of doing this is to focus on your experiences rather than yourself . Ideally, support your claims with concrete examples.

Also, mention any other additional relevant hard skills or knowledge areas they’re looking for, as well as any qualifications.

Finally, the second paragraph is the perfect place for showing that you’ve done your research. Demonstrate that you’re familiar with some of the challenges that the company faces and present how you can help them.

Pro tip: Don’t simply repeat the same things you’ve already put on your resume. You want to go beyond that (this applies to every other section of your cover letter). 

Step 7: Third paragraph: Explain why the company is a great fit for you 

In this paragraph, you want to show that you’re serious about developing your career at this new company. And good companies want to know why they appeal to you and how will your professional relationship be mutually beneficial. 

Consider addressing the following questions:

• What excites you about the idea of working at this company?
• How do the company goals align with your own?
• What do you hope to gain and learn from working there?

For example, you can say something like this: “I've seen on your website that you heavily focus on cryptocurrency projects. As a cryptocurrency enthusiast, I would love to join your team”.  

However, don’t go overboard with flattery and stay professional. 

Also, don’t say anything that isn't true or you don’t mean it, as it will probably come up again in the later stages of the application process.

Step 8: Closing paragraph: Finish strong and stay in touch

Now that you’ve nailed the main part of your cover letter, you also want to finish strong. This way, the recruiter will remember you in a good light. But how do you achieve that? 

• Reiterate that your experience and enthusiasm make you a great candidate. This is to emphasize the two main points from the previous paragraphs. Do this in one or two sentences, not more. 
• Add a confident call to action. In a sentence or two, you should suggest the next steps. Something like “ I would love the opportunity to meet with you and discuss the value I can bring to [company]."
• Express gratitude. Simply thank them for their time and for considering your application.
• Always use a formal sign-off. Something like “ Sincerely , Best wishes , or Respectfully” . Finish by typing out your full name. 

Step 9: How do you send a cover letter?

I can’t stress this enough — unless it's specifically required to attach the cover letter to the body of the email,  consider not sending your cover letter as a document attached to your email. 

Instead, put it inside the body of the email . The email itself is now your cover letter! This way the recruiter won't ignore it.

However, remember that hiring managers receive hundreds of emails a day. So if you want your email to get read, it's the subject line that's likely to play the most important part. 

As we've advised before, if you have a good resume headline, simply put it in the email subject. 

However, if you’re unhappy with the result, you have other options, too. 

For instance, if you have a reference, include it already in your email subject line: 

Referral from Jose Nachos: Pedro Tacos, candidate for a senior software analyst position

If you don't have a reference or a catchy headline, check out more tips on how to write the best subject line for your email .

Finished writing your cover letter?

Make it stand out with an eye-catching design.

What if you're told to NOT submit a cover letter? 

Today, many companies are using online application systems that discourage applicants from attaching a cover letter. 

Instead, they have their own application systems where in different sections you're required to fill in the information you would normally place in your cover letter.  

If this is the case, just work with the format they gave you.

In other words, include the same information that you'd normally have in your cover letter but place it in the correct sections. 

And don’t forget to follow the cover letter principles: 

• explain why you're the right candidate;
• make it clear that you've researched the company well;
• indicate in what way you'd be an asset;
• mention your biggest past achievements.

Because no matter the format, you're still expected to present your skills and convey enthusiasm about the job.

Alternatively, you can also try to find a relevant manager or a recruiter online (either on the company pages or LinkedIn) to whom you can send a brief follow-up email with an attached cover letter. 

Now that we've covered the basics, there are several other tips that you should keep in mind to elevate your cover letter to the next level: 

• Keep it short. Limit your cover letter to three to four paragraphs and a maximum of one page. Hiring managers are busy people who often don't have time for reading long texts.
• Keep it clean and easy on the eye. Take a look at how this article is written. It’s replete with short paragraphs, sentences typed in bold letters, bullet points, and numbers. All of these make reading and searching for specific information easier. So, never send a letter that looks like an unreadable wall of text. The easiest way to achieve a sleek cover letter design is to use a pre-formatted cover letter template . 
• Don’t risk being funny if it ’ s a company with a formal work culture. Poorly executed humor will hurt your chances rather than help. Being direct and dynamic is a much surer way to catch the recruiter’s attention than a number of jokes. On the other, if the company is smaller or known for its creative products, being original may in fact help your chances! 
• Show, don’t tell. Usually, there’s no point in saying you’re “a dependable hard worker” or “a creative thinker.” Why should anyone believe such generic statements? Instead, offer an example of how these qualities helped you achieve something in the past.
• Never write the same letter twice. A cover letter should always be tailored to a specific job application. Remember the previous sections? You’ve made a great effort to research the company and its hiring managers, so you’ve written your cover letter accordingly. This is a process you need to repeat with every application (ugh, I know). 
• Check for typos. This goes without saying but make 100% sure your cover letter is without typos. There’s no reason to believe you're competent if you can't even type without errors. Moreover, typos automatically reveal almost criminal carelessness on your part, since every text editor nowadays has a spellchecking feature. 
• Don't use any buzzwords. Your cover letter needs to be authentic and persuasive — and buzzwords are neither. If anything, they simply give the impression of you being someone who's just trying to fit a skewed idea of what an ideal corporate employee should be. Instead, focus on using relevant keywords from job descriptions.

Now, if you have no experience yet because you're just starting out or you're changing careers, writing a cover letter can be scary. However, a well-written letter can actually be your best friend.

And this is how you write the perfect cover letter with no experience .

In the end, there are many different ways to write a great cover letter. And even if you follow the cover letter guide above, you’ll end up with a cover letter that's invariably your own. 

It all depends on your own personality, the position you’re applying for, and the hiring manager’s preferences. 

And that's good, actually! 

Still, there's a lot to learn from cover letters written by other people. That's why we've selected five cover letter samples that deserve your attention. 

Each of these helped real job seekers find real jobs in real companies. They'll teach you valuable lessons you can use in your own cover letter.

1. Norwegian — Cabin Crew Cover Letter Example

This cover letter sample was provided by a real person who got hired with Kickresume’s help.

2. Volvo — Machine Learning Intern Cover Letter Example

3. tory burch — account executive cover letter example, 4. lush — sales associate cover letter example, 5. romeo — social media officer cover letter example.

Do you still need some more inspiration? You can find more examples in our cover letter library

FAQ: How to write a cover letter

250 to 400 words is the standard cover letter length range. A cover letter should never exceed one page.

Yes! Show that you can go that extra mile and stand out from the crowd of applicants.

Ideally, use a pre-formatted cover letter template. Then use a simple and professional font, such as Times New Roman. The font size should be between 10-12.

If you have the name of the hiring manager, try to find their contact on the company page or LinkedIn. If you still can't find the right person, you can address it to the whole team or HR.

This article was recently updated. The original article was written by Martin Poduska in 201 7.

Kaja Jurcisinova is a junior copywriter at Kickresume. Kaja completed her undergraduate degree in Art History at the University of St Andrews in 2018 and graduated with a Master’s in Arts and Culture from the University of Groningen in 2021. She was an intern at multiple cultural institutions across Europe, including the Dutch Museum Association in Amsterdam, the Matter of Art Biennale in Prague, and the European Cultural Centre in Venice. At the moment, she resides in Visby on the Swedish island of Gotland.

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Election latest: Rishi Sunak 'comes out fighting' on tax policies - as Keir Starmer draws laugh with familiar anecdote

Follow live updates as Rishi Sunak and Sir Keir Starmer square off in a live TV debate ahead of the general election on 4 July.

Tuesday 4 June 2024 21:47, UK

• General Election 2024

Election news

• Sunak facing Starmer in first TV debate - follow updates
• Audience groans as PM partly blames strikes for state of NHS
• But Starmer fails to explain how he would end dispute
• Labour leader draws laugh with familiar anecdote
• Explained: Inside the 'spin room' where we're covering debate
• Be in the audience for our election leaders event
• Farage has milkshake thrown over him in Clacton
• Two arrests made | Tory candidate 'sorry to hear' about incident
• Live reporting by Ben Bloch and (earlier)  Faith Ridler

Expert analysis

• Jon Craig: PM hits hard on tax | Starmer strikes back on NHS
• Ed Conway: Why caps on migrant numbers don't really work
• Matthew Thompson: The story behind Lib Dem battle bus icons

Election essentials

• Trackers: Who's leading polls? | Is PM keeping promises?
• Campaign Heritage: Memorable moments from elections gone by
• Follow Sky's politics podcasts: Electoral Dysfunction | Politics At Jack And Sam's
• Read more: Who is standing down? | Key seats to watch | How to register to vote | What counts as voter ID? | Check if your constituency is changing | Your essential guide to election lingo | Sky's election night plans

"You might not like it, but I've got a plan!" says a feisty Rishi Sunak on stop the boats.

At first, he doesn't get any applause when he spells out his policy, but Sir Keir Starmer does.

Then they clash and Mr Sunak challenges Sir Keir on his policy.

"What would you do with illegal immigrants who come to our country?" says the PM.

Mr Sunak is being successful with his constant challenges to Sir Keir on Labour policy. 

He's attacking, Sir Keir is defensive.

Next, we turn to the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) - something Tory backbenchers have been talking about wanting to leave.

Rishi Sunak is asked directly if he would take the UK out of the convention if the court blocks the Rwanda plan.

He replies: "I believe all our plans are compliant with our international obligations.

"But if I am forced to choose between securing our borders and our country's security, or a foreign court, I'm going to choose our country's security every single time."

That gets a round of applause from the audience.

Asked if that is a yes to potentially leaving the ECHR, Mr Sunak repeats his answer - but this time, someone shouts "shame" from the audience.

Sir Keir Starmer says under his leadership, the UK would not "pull out of our international agreements and international law, which is respected the world over".

That also gets a round of applause from the audience.

He says he wants the UK "to be a respected player on the global stage, not a pariah who doesn't agree with international law".

By Jennifer Scott, political reporter

Julie Etchingham probably gets the biggest applause of the night - both in the audience and from reporters - as she tells both Sunak and Starmer to stop talking over each other (it really is annoying, isn't it?).

But on immigration, it seems the audience is really split, with both leaders getting claps and a lot of nods despite their different approaches to the issue.

But us nerdy types over in the spin room managed to get a giggle out of the PM's claim he had been "crystal clear" over whether he would pull the UK out of the European Convention on Human Rights.

Answers on a postcard if you worked out if it was a yes or a no, please.

Rishi Sunak and Sir Keir Starmer are asked about illegal immigration.

The PM says "immigration is too high" and the "government will have to take bold action".

"We got the numbers down last year by a third, and now we have a deterrent ready to go," he says, referring to his Rwanda plan.

"Migrants have been detained, and the flights will go in July but only if I am elected."

The Labour leader says "the levels of migration are at record highs".

He goes on to say Mr Sunak has "made a promise (stop the boats) and failed to keep it".

The PM replies by reiterating a deterrent is needed.

"If I am your prime minister the planes will go to Rwanda," he says, before asking Sir Keir what he would do.

"I do not believe it is impossible to bring down these gangs. What I won't do is use an expensive gimmick like the Rwanda scheme," Sir Keir replies.

Sir Keir gets applause from the studio audience when he spells out Labour's controversial plan for VAT on private schools.

He's applauded again when he talks about taxing non-doms.

But then Rishi Sunak comes out strongly again when he powerfully accuses Labour of planning to tax state pensions.

As half time approaches, So presenter Julie Etchingham is landing more blows on the PM than Sir Keir, with some tough questions to Mr Sunak on tax.

Labour bods will be heaving a sigh of relief as one of their major policy pledges - charging VAT on private schools - gets a loud round of applause from the audience.

Starmer also gets a good reaction over his promise to close tax loopholes for non-doms, and to increase the windfall tax on oil and gas companies. 

Sunak, on the other hand, pushes hard on protecting pensioners, but doesn't get it over the line for audible praise. 

However, the biggest reaction in the spin room comes from a simple exercise from presenter Julie Etchingham.

She asks the leaders to put their hands up if they would raise income tax, national insurance and VAT after weeks of speculation. 

The two somewhat awkward looking souls keep their arms firmly by their sides.  

"Thank you for that instructive moment," says the woman who is really in charge of tonight's proceedings. 

Host Julie Etchingham moves to a quick-fire round on taxes, and where the two men agree.

They both say they would not raise income tax, not raise national insurance, and other than Labour on private schools, not raise VAT.

So where's the money going to come from to solve the challenges the country faces?

Sir Keir Starmer answers first, saying Labour has been "really clear" that they will raise certain taxes, such as on private schools and ending the non-dom tax status on the rich - which wins the Labour leader applause from the audience.

He also says oil and gas companies "should be paying their fair share" in tax - which wins another round of applause.

Rishi Sunak says his party has already scrapped the non-dom tax regime and applied a windfall tax on oil and gas companies - but Sir Keir says there are "loopholes".

The PM then says Labour's plans would cost households £2,000 each - something the Labour leader says is "absolute nonsense".

He moves to pensioners, saying the Tories would never raise their taxes - something the Labour leader has not matched, which he is challenged to do by the PM.

Rather than address the point, however, Sir Keir says Mr Sunak has spent "the first two weeks of the campaign" unveiling "desperate gimmicks".

Mr Sunak refuses to let the Labour leader finish his answer, accusing him of wanting to implement a "retirement tax".

The leaders are asked if they will have a fully-funded solution in their party's manifestos when it comes to health and social care.

Rishi Sunak says it is "important" to the party and criticises Labour's take on the health service.

Sir Keir Starmer says they have a plan to bring change, but doesn't go into detail.

Sir Keir Starmer and Rishi Sunak face questions from viewers on the state of schools and what they'll do for teachers.

The prime minister says "education is the most powerful way that you can transform people's lives", and adds that he's grateful for all the country's teachers.

He hails the "hard work of teachers and reforms of this Conservative government" as he says English schoolchildren are now the best readers "anywhere in the Western world".

Meanwhile, the Labour leader says schools "desperately need more teachers", and adds core topics such as maths are being taught by those who aren't trained in the subject.

Asked to explain why he is raising VAT on private schools to achieve the money Labour has pledged for 6,500 extra teachers, Sir Keir says "every child should have the teacher they need in core subjects".

"It's not a one-year problem, or a two-year-problem... it's for life."

​This is better from Sir Keir Starmer.

But if this debate was a card game, the Labour leader would play his joker on health. It's his strongest suit.

And the Labour leader lands his first blow in a clash on NHS waiting lists when he says: "You're the guy who's supposed to be good at maths."

But then Rishi Sunak fights back strongly by challenging Sir Keir on how he'd solve the junior doctors' strikes.

He's aggressive again and Sir Keir defensive.

Mr Sunak may be a man who fasts at the beginning of the working week, but he's been on the gorilla biscuits today.​

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