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Energy retrofit of commercial buildings: case study and applied methodology

  • Original Article
  • Published: 11 August 2012
  • Volume 6 , pages 407–423, ( 2013 )

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  • Niccolò Aste 1 &
  • Claudio Del Pero 1  

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Commercial buildings are responsible for a significant share of the energy requirements of European Union countries. Related consumptions due to heating, cooling, and lighting appear, in most cases, very high and expensive. Since the real estate is renewed with a very small percentage each year and current trends suggest reusing the old structures, strategies for improving energy efficiency and sustainability should focus not only on new buildings, but also and especially on existing ones. Architectural renovation of existing buildings could provide an opportunity to enhance their energy efficiency, by working on the improvement of envelopes and energy supply systems. It has also to be noted that the measures aimed to improve the energy performance of buildings should pay particular attention to the cost-effectiveness of the interventions. In general, there is a lack of well-established methods for retrofitting, but if a case study achieves effective results, the adopted strategies and methodologies can be successfully replicated for similar kinds of buildings. In this paper, an iterative methodology for energy retrofit of commercial buildings is presented, together with a specific application on an existing office building. The case study is particularly significant as it is placed in an urban climatic context characterized by cold winters and hot summers; consequently, HVAC energy consumption is considerable throughout the year. The analysis and simulations of energy performance before and after the intervention, along with measured data on real energy performance, demonstrate the validity of the applied approach. The specifically developed design and refurbishment methodology, presented in this work, could be also assumed as a reference in similar operations.

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An electrical to primary energy conversion factor equal to 2.16 is considered, according to the data delivered by the Italian Energy Authority.

Abbreviations

Annual heating degree days with a reference temperature of 20 °C

Annual cooling degree days with a reference temperature of 20 °C

Building-integrated photovoltaics

Ground source heat pump

Energy retrofit measure

Domestic hot water

Thermal transmittance under steady-state boundary conditions, in watts per square meter per kelvin

Frontal mass, in kilograms per square meter

Operating period, in hours

Operating rate, in percentage

Nominal power rate, in kilowatts

One factor at a time

Daily nominal power utilization period, in hours

Total energy needed by a specific appliance’s category (e.g., lights), in kilowatt hours

Total nominal electric power for each appliance’s category, in kilowatts

Net present value, in €

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Arch. Mario Butera for energy simulations support, Prof. R.S. Adhikari for useful discussions and valuable insights while carrying out the present work, Dr. Marco Arisi Rota for his kind financial consultancy, and Mr. Paolo Bassani and Mr. Allessando Dallaglio (ERGO Italia) for kind assistance on data collection.

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Department of Building Environment Science and Technology (BEST), Politecnico di Milano, Via Bonardi 3, 20133, Milan, Italy

Niccolò Aste & Claudio Del Pero

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Aste, N., Del Pero, C. Energy retrofit of commercial buildings: case study and applied methodology. Energy Efficiency 6 , 407–423 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-012-9168-4

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Received : 28 December 2011

Accepted : 23 July 2012

Published : 11 August 2012

Issue Date : May 2013

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-012-9168-4

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