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IELTS essay, topic: Ending the world’s reliance on fossil fuels will be a positive development (agree/disagree)

  • IELTS Essays - Band 9

This is a model response to a Writing Task 2 topic from High Scorer’s Choice IELTS Practice Tests book series (reprinted with permission). This answer is close to IELTS Band 9.

Set 6 General Training book, Practice Test 26

Writing Task 2

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Write about the following topic:

The end of the world’s fossil fuel resources and the subsequent changes will be a positive development in society. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your knowledge or experience.

You should write at least 250 words.

ielts essay renewable energy

Sample Band 9 Essay

Today’s society overwhelmingly depends on products made from fossil fuels. Most people would initially think about fuel for transport, but of course, fossil fuels are part of most of the fabric of life around us, from the plastics on our furniture to the pavements that we walk on. Changing our reliance on these resources can have various consequences; however, I believe that overall the society will benefit from finding viable alternatives for them.

Depending on whether eco-friendly alternatives are developed, the positive effect on transport and the reduction of the associated pollution will be significant. Exhaust fumes from motor vehicles, planes and ships decrease air quality and contribute to global warming and the greenhouse effect. People’s health and the health of the planet will surely improve without these industries relying on fossil fuels. It could be that a type of transport crisis could develop as a result if society can no longer provide the power to transport so many individuals to where they want to go. This, however, does not have to be a bad thing, as it could force society to use alternative solutions, such as transport sharing and public transport development. The change in mind set has already begun. Some countries have already committed to having fossil fuel free transport and more cities are banning private vehicles from the centre of cities.

Another positive development would be that more time and money would have to be put into developing renewable sources of energy, such as wind power, solar power, hydropower and tidal power. Technologies would improve and be more efficient and again, the world would use fewer sources of energy that cause pollution. This development can also be seen today, with many governments committing to proportions of their power needs coming from renewable resources.

I, therefore, strongly agree with the statement that the changes from reducing reliance on fossil fuels will be positive. The only caveat is that society will need to have developed alternative sources of power rather soon, in order to avoid an energy crisis.

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Renewable Energy Ielts Answers and Questions

The Blog post contains the following IELTS Reading Questions :

  • IELTS Reading Yes/No/Not Given
  • IELTS Reading Matching Headings

Stay informed and prepared for success – Explore our comprehensive Reading Test Info page to get valuable insights, exam format details, and expert tips for mastering the IELTS Reading section .

Renewable Energy IELTS Reading

ielts essay renewable energy

Renewable Energy

An insight into the progress in renewable energy research

A. The race is on for the ultimate goal of renewable energy: electricity production at prices that are competitive with coal-fired power stations, but without coal’s pollution. Some new technologies are aiming to be the first to push coal from its position as Australia’s chief source of electricity.

B. At the moment the front-runner in renewable energy is wind technology. According to Peter Bergin of Australian Hydro, one of Australia’s leading wind energy companies, there have been no dramatic changes in windmill design for many years, but the cumulative effects of numerous small improvements have had a major impact on cost. ‘We’re reaping the benefits of 30 years of research in Europe, without have to make the same mistakes that they did,’ Mr Bergin says.

C. Electricity can be produced from coal at around 4 cents per kilowatt-hour, but only if the environmental costs are ignored. ‘Australia has the second cheapest electricity in the world, and this makes it difficult for renewable to compete,’ says Richard Hunter of the Australian Ecogeneration Association (AEA). Nevertheless, the AEA reports: ‘The production cost of a kilowatt-hour of wind power is one-fifth of what it was 20 years ago,’ or around 7 cents per kilowatt-hour.

D. Australian Hydro has dozens of wind monitoring stations across Australia as part of its aim to become Australia’s pre-eminent renewable energy company. Despite all these developments, wind power remains one of the few forms of alternative energy where Australia is nowhere near the global cutting edge, mostly just replicating European designs.

E. While wind may currently lead the way, some consider a number of technologies under development have more potential. In several cases, Australia is at the forefront of global research in the area. Some of them are very site-specific, ensuring that they may never become dominant market players. On the other hand, these newer developments are capable of providing more reliable power, avoiding the major criticism of windmills – the need for back-up on a calm day.

F. One such development uses hot, dry rocks. Deep beneath South Australia, radiation from elements contained in granite heats the rocks. Layers of insulating sedimentation raise the temperatures in some location to 250° centigrade. An Australian firm, Geoenergy, is proposing to pump water 3.5 kilometres into the earth, where it will travel through tiny fissures in the granite, heating up as it goes until it escapes as steam through another drilled hole.

G. No greenhouse gases are produced, but the system needs some additional features if it is to be environmentally friendly. Dr Prue Chopra, a geophysicist at the Australian National University and one of the founders of Geoenergy, note that the steam will bring with it radon gas, along through a heat exchanger and then sent back underground for another cycle. Technically speaking, hot dry rocks are not a renewable source of energy. However, the Australian source is so large it could supply the entire country’s needs for thousands of years at current rates of consumption.

H. Two other proposals for very different ways to harness sun and wind energy have surfaced recently. Progress continues with Australian company EnviroPower’s plans for Australia’s first solar chimney near Mildura, in Victoria. Under this scheme, a tall tower will draw hot air from a greenhouse built to cover the surrounding 5 km². As the air rises, it will drive a turbine* to produce electricity. The solar tower combines three very old technologies – the chimney, the turbine and the greenhouse – to produce something quite new. It is this reliance on proven engineering principles that led Enviropower’s CEO, Richard Davies, to state: There is no doubt this technology will work, none at all.’

I. This year, Enviropower recognized that the quality of sunlight in the Mildura district will require a substantially larger collecting area than was previously thought. However, spokesperson kay Firth says that a new location closer to Mildura will enable Enviropower to balance the increased costs with extra revenue. Besides saving in transmission costs, the new site ‘will mean increased revenue from tourism and use of power for telecommunications. We’ll also be able to use the outer 500 metres for agribusiness.’ Wind speeds closer to the tower will be too high for farming.

J. Another Australian company, Wavetech, is achieving success with ways of harvesting the energy in waves. Wavetech’s invention uses a curved surface to push waves into a chamber, where the flowing water column pushes air back and forth through a turbine. Wavetech was created when Dr Tim Devine offered the idea to the world leader in wave generator manufacturers, who rather surprisingly rejected it. Dr Devine responded by establishing Wavetech and making a number of other improvements to generator design. Wavetech claims that, at appropriate sites, ‘the cost of electricity produced with our technology should be below 4 cents per kilowatt-hour.

K. The diversity of forms of greenhouse – friendly energy under development in Australia is remarkable. However, support on a national level is disappointing. According to Richard Hunter of the AEA, ‘Australia has huge potential for wind, sun and wave technology. We should really be at the forefront, but the reality is we are a long way behind.’

Unlock your full potential in the IELTS Reading section – Visit our IELTS Reading Practice Question Answer page now!

Recommended Questions:

Renewable Energy IELTS Reading Question with Answer

Questions 1-7

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the Reading Passage? In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE               if the statement agrees with the information FALSE              if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN    if there is no information on this

1. In Australia, alternative energies are less expensive than conventional electricity. 2. Geoenergy needs to adapt its system to make it less harmful to the environment. 3. Dr Prue Chopra has studied the effects of radon gas on the environment. 4. Hot, dry rocks could provide enough power for the whole of Australia. 5. The new Enviropower facility will keep tourists away. 6. Wavetech was established when its founders were turned down by another company. 7. According to AEA, Australia is a world leader in developing renewable energy.

Enhance your skills in identifying information as True, False, or Not Given . Click here to discover expert strategies and techniques for mastering this question type in the IELTS Reading section.

Questions 8-13

Look at the following statements (Questions 8-13) and the list of companies below. Match each statement with the correct company, A-D.

Write the correct letter, A-D, in boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet.

NB  You may use any letter more than once.

8. During the process, harmful substances are prevented from escaping. 9. Water is used to force air through a special device. 10. Techniques used by other countries are being copied. 11. The system can provide services other than energy production. 12. It is planned to force water deep underground. 13. Original estimates for part of the project have been revised.

List of Companies:

A. Australian Hydro B. Geoenergy C. Enviropower D. Wavetech

Ready to conquer Matching Headings questions? Click here to learn essential tips and techniques for matching headings accurately to paragraphs or sections in the IELTS Reading section.

Answers for Renewable Energy

1. Answer: False 2. Answer: True 3. Answer: Not given 4. Answer: True 5. Answer: False 6. Answer: True 7. Answer: False 8. Answer: B 9. Answer: D 10. Answer: A 11. Answer: C 12. Answer: B 13. Answer: C

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IELTS Essay Topic: Fossil fuels like coal, gas, and oil are the primary sources of energy for most countries.

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  • Updated on  
  • Jun 22, 2023

Fossil fuels like coal, gas, and oil are the primary sources of energy for most countries.

Q- Fossil fuels like coal, gas, and oil are the primary sources of energy for most countries. However, there are alternative energy sources like wind power and solar energy that have been encouraged for use by some countries. To what extent is this a negative or a positive advancement?

Ans: In an era marked by environmental challenges, the global shift towards alternative energy sources as a replacement for fossil fuels is undeniably a positive development. While fossil fuels have played a crucial role in powering our world, their depletion and detrimental impact on the environment necessitate a transition to sustainable alternatives. This essay will outline the myriad benefits associated with embracing alternative energy sources, highlighting how they contribute to environmental preservation, long-term economic growth, and enhanced energy security.

Firstly, the utilization of alternative energy sources brings about a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and pollution levels. Unlike fossil fuels, renewables such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power generate energy without emitting harmful pollutants into the atmosphere. Consequently, this transition mitigates the adverse effects of climate change, fosters cleaner air quality, and safeguards ecosystems for future generations. For instance, the affordability and accessibility of solar energy systems have improved, offering clean and sustainable power options for households and businesses alike.

Furthermore, the shift towards alternative energy sources presents a unique opportunity for long-term economic growth and job creation. The renewable energy sector has witnessed remarkable growth in recent years, attracting substantial investments and stimulating local economies. As governments and industries invest in renewable infrastructure, numerous employment opportunities are created, ranging from engineering and construction to maintenance and research and development. Moreover, the decentralized nature of the renewable energy industry allows for local ownership and distributed economic benefits, reducing reliance on imports and promoting regional self-sufficiency.

In conclusion, the global transition towards alternative energy sources represents a highly positive development for both the environment and society at large. By reducing greenhouse gas emissions, fostering economic growth, and enhancing energy security, this shift paves the way for a more sustainable and prosperous future. Governments, industries, and individuals must continue to support and invest in renewable energy technologies, ensuring a harmonious coexistence between human development and environmental preservation. Only through such collective efforts can we secure a brighter and greener world for generations to come.

Outline statement: In an era marked by environmental challenges, the global shift towards alternative energy sources as a replacement for fossil fuels is undeniably a positive development.

Paraphrased statement: While fossil fuels have played a crucial role in powering our world, their depletion and detrimental impact on the environment necessitate a transition to sustainable alternatives.

Thesis statement: This essay will outline the myriad benefits associated with embracing alternative energy sources, highlighting how they contribute to environmental preservation, long-term economic growth, and enhanced energy security.

Body paragraph 1-Topic sentence: Firstly, the utilization of alternative energy sources brings about a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and pollution levels.

Body paragraph 1- Supporting evidence: Unlike fossil fuels, renewables such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power generate energy without emitting harmful pollutants into the atmosphere. Consequently, this transition mitigates the adverse effects of climate change, fosters cleaner air quality, and safeguards ecosystems for future generations.

Body paragraph 1- Analysis: For instance, the affordability and accessibility of solar energy systems have improved, offering clean and sustainable power options for households and businesses alike.

Body paragraph 2- Topic sentence: Furthermore, the shift towards alternative energy sources presents a unique opportunity for long-term economic growth and job creation. 

Body paragraph 2- Supporting evidence: The renewable energy sector has witnessed remarkable growth in recent years, attracting substantial investments and stimulating local economies. As governments and industries invest in renewable infrastructure, numerous employment opportunities are created, ranging from engineering and construction to maintenance and research and development. 

Body paragraph 2- Analysis: Moreover, the decentralized nature of the renewable energy industry allows for local ownership and distributed economic benefits, reducing reliance on imports and promoting regional self-sufficiency.

Conclusion: In conclusion, the global transition towards alternative energy sources represents a highly positive development for both the environment and society at large. By reducing greenhouse gas emissions, fostering economic growth, and enhancing energy security, this shift paves the way for a more sustainable and prosperous future. Governments, industries, and individuals must continue to support and invest in renewable energy technologies, ensuring a harmonious coexistence between human development and environmental preservation. Only through such collective efforts can we secure a brighter and greener world for generations to come.

In an era marked by environmental challenges, the global shift towards alternative energy sources as a replacement for fossil fuels is undeniably a positive development. While fossil fuels have played a crucial role in powering our world, their depletion and detrimental impact on the environment necessitate a transition to sustainable alternatives. This essay will outline the myriad benefits associated with embracing alternative energy sources, highlighting how they contribute to environmental preservation and long-term economic growth.

Linkers and Connectors Used in this Essay

Here are the linkers and connectors used in this essay:

  • This essay will outline
  • Consequently
  • For instance
  • Furthermore
  • In addition
  • Some may argue that
  • While it is true that
  • In conclusion

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Ielts writing task – advantage and disadvantage essay.

ielts essay renewable energy

One of the essential components of the IELTS Writing module is tackling the advantages and disadvantages of essay questions. These types of essays require you to analyse the pros and cons of a particular subject, providing a balanced argument while showcasing your language proficiency.

To help you excel in this task, we have compiled a collection of sample essay questions that explore various topics. Let’s explore the advantage and disadvantages of essays, providing you with valuable insights, useful tips, and sample essay prompts to enhance your IELTS preparation . Whether you're a beginner or an IELTS retake test taker, this guide will assist you in mastering this writing style and achieving success in your exam.

ielts essay renewable energy

How to approach the advantage versus disadvantage question?

Let's explore an IELTS Task 2 question and analyse how you should approach it.

The rise of international tourism has undeniably brought significant benefits to numerous destinations. However, concerns have also been raised regarding its effects on local communities and the environment. Do the disadvantages of international tourism outweigh the advantages?

The key inquiry here is whether the disadvantages of international tourism outweigh the advantages. This question demands a comprehensive discussion of both sides, emphasising which one holds greater weight. Simply stating that "the advantages of international tourism unquestionably surpass the disadvantages" and solely elaborating on the benefits in your response would be insufficient. The reader must gain insights into both perspectives and understand the rationale behind your stance on one side outweighing the other.

Common errors to avoid with this question type:

  • Solely enumerating the advantages
  • Solely listing the disadvantages
  • Presenting both sides without making a conclusive judgment on their relative significance
  • Failing to express your own opinion

Approach to addressing this question:

  • Determine your position—do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? (In this case, there are more advantages)
  • Present the advantages (three points)
  • Present the disadvantages (two points), reinforcing your decision that the advantages carry greater weight
  • Restate your position in the conclusion to ensure the reader understands that the benefits outweigh the drawbacks

IELTS sample advantage and disadvantage essay questions

You can easily achieve your desired score by practicing the IELTS sample test. Here are some sample IELTS advantage and disadvantage essay questions:

  • Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of living in a multicultural society.
  • Analyse the benefits and drawbacks of using social media platforms for personal and professional purposes.
  • Examine the positive and negative effects of technology on education.
  • Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of globalization in terms of economic growth and cultural diversity.
  • Discuss the benefits and drawbacks of online shopping for consumers and businesses.
  • Analyse the advantages and disadvantages of renewable energy sources compared to traditional fossil fuels.
  • Examine the positive and negative impacts of tourism on local communities and the environment.
  • Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of remote work for both employees and employers.
  • Discuss the benefits and drawbacks of genetic engineering in agriculture and its impact on food production.
  • Analyse the advantages and disadvantages of owning a car versus using public transportation.

10 tips to answer advantage and disadvantage essay questions

When it comes to tackling advantage and disadvantage sample essay questions in the IELTS exam, there are several tips and strategies you can follow to maximise your score. Below are a few essential factors to remember:

1. Understand the question

Read the question carefully and make sure you understand the topic and the specific instructions. Identify the advantages and disadvantages that need to be discussed.

2. Plan your essay

Spend a few minutes brainstorming ideas and organizing your thoughts before you start writing. Create a clear and logical essay structure with an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion.

3. Introduction

Begin your essay with a concise introduction that provides background information on the topic and presents a clear thesis statement. Provide a clear statement indicating your opinion on whether the advantages outweigh the disadvantages or vice versa.

4. Body paragraphs

Dedicate each body paragraph to a specific advantage or disadvantage. Start each paragraph with a topic sentence that introduces the main idea, followed by supporting details, examples, and explanations. Use cohesive devices such as linking words and phrases to connect your ideas and make your essay flow smoothly.

5. Balanced approach

Even if you believe that the advantages or disadvantages outweigh the other, it's important to present a balanced view. Acknowledge the opposing perspective and provide counterarguments or limitations to your main points. This demonstrates your ability to analyse the topic from multiple angles.

6. Use specific examples

Support your arguments with relevant and specific examples to make your essay more convincing. These examples could be from your personal experience, current events, or general knowledge. Make sure to explain how each example relates to the advantage or disadvantage you are discussing.

7. Vocabulary and grammar

Use a range of vocabulary and sentence structures to demonstrate your language proficiency. Avoid repetition and aim for variety in your word choices. Pay attention to grammar, spelling, and punctuation to ensure your essay is clear and error-free.

8. Conclusion

Summarise the main points of your essay in the conclusion and restate your opinion on whether the advantages or disadvantages are more significant. End with a strong closing statement that leaves a lasting impression on the reader.

9. Time management

Manage your time effectively during the exam. Ensure that you dedicate sufficient time to the planning, writing, and reviewing stages of your essay. It's crucial to leave a few minutes at the end to proofread your work and make any necessary corrections.

10. Practice as much as you can

Familiarise yourself with various advantages and disadvantages of essay topics and practice writing essays within the time limits. This will help you develop your skills in analysing the topic, organising your thoughts, and expressing your ideas effectively.

Remember to follow these tips and strategies while adapting them to your personal writing style. Consistent practice and constructive feedback will improve your essay writing abilities and enhance your chances of achieving a high score in the IELTS exam .

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100 IELTS Essay Questions

Below are practice IELTS essay questions and topics for writing task 2. The 100 essay questions have been used many times over the years. The questions are organised under common topics and essay types. IELTS often use the similar topics for their essays but change the wording of the essay question.

In order to prepare well for writing task 2, you should prepare ideas for common topics and then practise applying them to the tasks given (to the essay questions). Also see model essays and tips  for writing task 2.

Below you will find:

  • Essay Questions By Topic
  • Essay Questions by Essay Type

Please also note that my new Grammar E-book is now available in my store along with my Ideas for Essay Topics E-book and Advanced Writing Lessons. To visit store, click here: Liz’s Store

1) Common IELTS Essay Questions

IELTS practice essay questions divided by topic. These topics have been reported by IELTS students in their tests. Essay questions have been recreated as accurately as possible.

  • Art   (5 essay questions)
  • Business & Money   (17 essay questions)
  • Communication & Personality   (20 essay questions)
  • Crime & Punishment   (12 essay questions)
  • Education   (17 essay questions)
  • Environment   (12 essay questions)
  • Family & Children   (8 essay questions)
  • Food & Diet (13 essay questions)
  • Government (6 essay questions)
  • Health   (9 essay questions)
  • Housing, Buildings & Urban Planning (8 essay questions)
  • Language (6 essay questions)
  • Leisure (1 essay question)
  • Media & Advertising   (12 essay questions)
  • Reading  (5 essay questions)
  • Society   (10 essay questions)
  • Space Exploration (3 questions)
  • Sport & Exercise   (6 essay questions)
  • Technology  (6 essay questions)
  • Tourism and Travel   (11 essay questions)
  • Transport  (7 essay questions)
  • Work (17 essay questions)

2) IELTS Essay Questions by Essay Type 

There are 5 main types of essay questions in IELTS writing task 2 (opinion essays, discussion essay, advantage/disadvantage essays, solution essay and direct question essays). Click on the links below to see some sample essay questions for each type.

  • Opinion Essay Questions
  • Discussion Essay Questions
  • Solution Essay Questions
  • Direct Questions Essay Titles 
  • Advantage / Disadvantage Essay Questions

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ielts essay renewable energy

This Is the Future: Essay on Renewable Energy

ielts essay renewable energy

Today the world population depends on nonrenewable energy resources. With the constantly growing demand for energy, natural gas, coal, and oil get used up and cannot replenish themselves. 

Aside from limited supply, heavy reliance on fossil fuels causes planetary-scale damage. Sea levels are rising. Heat-trapping carbon dioxide increased the warming effect by 45% from 1990 to 2019. The only way to tackle the crisis is to start the transition to renewable energy now. 

What is renewable energy? It is energy that comes from replenishable natural resources like sunlight, wind, thermal energy, moving water, and organic materials. Renewable resources do not run out. They are cost-efficient and renew faster than they are consumed. How does renewable energy save money? It creates new jobs, supports economic growth, and decreases inequitable fossil fuel subsidies. 

At the current rates of production, some fossil fuels will not even last another century. This is why the future depends on reliable and eco-friendly resources. This renewable energy essay examines the types and benefits of renewable energy and its role in creating a sustainable future.

Top 5 Types of Renewable Energy: The Apollo Alliance Rankings

There are many natural resources that can provide people with clean energy. To make a list of the five most booming types of renewable energy on the market today, this energy essay uses data gathered by the Apollo Alliance. It is a project that aims to revolutionize the energy sector of the US with a focus on clean energy. 

The Apollo Alliance unites businesses, community leaders, and environmental experts to support the transition to more sustainable and efficient living. Their expert opinion helped to compile information about the most common and cost-competitive sources of renewable energy. However, if you want to get some more in-depth research, you can entrust it to an essay writer . Here’s a quick overview of renewable energy resources that have a huge potential to substitute fossil fuels. 

Solar Renewable Energy

The most abundant and practically endless resource is solar energy. It can be turned into electricity by photovoltaic systems that convert radiant energy captured from sunlight. Solar farms could generate enough energy for thousands of homes.

An endless supply is the main benefit of solar energy. The rate at which the Earth receives it is 10,000 times greater than people can consume it, as a paper writer points out based on their analysis of research findings. It can substitute fossil fuels and deliver people electricity, hot water, cooling, heat, etc. 

The upfront investment in solar systems is rather expensive. This is one of the primary limitations that prevent businesses and households from switching to this energy source at once. However, the conclusion of solar energy is still favorable. In the long run, it can significantly decrease energy costs. Besides, solar panels are gradually becoming more affordable to manufacture and adopt, even at an individual level. 

Wind Renewable Energy

Another clean energy source is wind. Wind farms use the kinetic energy of wind flow to convert it into electricity. The Appolo Alliance notes that, unlike solar farms, they can’t be placed in any location. To stay cost-competitive, wind farms should operate in windy areas. Although not all countries have the right conditions to use them on a large scale, wind farms might be introduced for some energy diversity. The technical potential for it is still tremendous. 

Wind energy is clean and safe for the environment. It does not pollute the atmosphere with any harmful products compared to nonrenewable energy resources. 

The investment in wind energy is also economically wise. If you examine the cost of this energy resource in an essay on renewable resources, you’ll see that wind farms can deliver electricity at a price lower than nonrenewable resources. Besides, since wind isn’t limited, its cost won’t be influenced by the imbalance of supply and demand.

Geothermal Renewable Energy

Natural renewable resources are all around us, even beneath the ground. Geothermal energy can be produced from the thermal energy from the Earth’s interior. Sometimes heat reaches the surface naturally, for example, in the form of geysers. But it can also be used by geothermal power plants. The Earth’s heat gets captured and converted to steam that turns a turbine. As a result, we get geothermal energy.

This source provides a significant energy supply while having low emissions and no significant footprint on land. A factsheet and essay on renewable resources state that geothermal plants will increase electricity production from 17 billion kWh in 2020 to 49.8 billion kWh in 2050.

However, this method is not without limitations. While writing a renewable resources essay, consider that geothermal energy can be accessed only in certain regions. Geological hotspots are off-limits as they are vulnerable to earthquakes. Yet, the quantity of geothermal resources is likely to grow as technology advances. 

Ocean Renewable Energy

The kinetic and thermal energy of the ocean is a robust resource. Ocean power systems rely on:

  • Changes in sea level;
  • Wave energy;
  • Water surface temperatures;
  • The energy released from seawater and freshwater mixing.

Ocean energy is more predictable compared to other resources. As estimated by EPRI, it has the potential to produce 2640 TWh/yr. However, an important point to consider in a renewable energy essay is that the kinetic energy of the ocean varies. Yet, since it is ruled by the moon’s gravity, the resource is plentiful and continues to be attractive for the energy industry. 

Wave energy systems are still developing. The Apollo energy corporation explores many prototypes. It is looking for the most reliable and robust solution that can function in the harsh ocean environment. 

Another limitation of ocean renewable energy is that it may cause disruptions to marine life. Although its emissions are minimal, the system requires large equipment to be installed in the ocean. 

Biomass Renewable Energy

Organic materials like wood and charcoal have been used for heating and lighting for centuries. There are a lot more types of biomass: from trees, cereal straws, and grass to processed waste. All of them can produce bioenergy. 

Biomass can be converted into energy through burning or using methane produced during the natural process of decomposition. In an essay on renewable sources of energy, the opponents of the method point out that biomass energy is associated with carbon dioxide emissions. Yet, the amount of released greenhouse gases is much lower compared to nonrenewable energy use. 

While biomass is a reliable source of energy, it is only suitable for limited applications. If used too extensively, it might lead to disruptions in biodiversity, a negative impact on land use, and deforestation. Still, Apollo energy includes biomass resources that become waste and decompose quickly anyway. These are organic materials like sawdust, chips from sawmills, stems, nut shells, etc. 

What Is the Apollo Alliance?

The Apollo Alliance is a coalition of business leaders, environmental organizations, labor unions, and foundations. They all unite their efforts in a single project to harness clean energy in new, innovative ways. 

Why Apollo? Similarly to President John F. Kennedy’s Apollo Project, Apollo energy is a strong visionary initiative. It is a dare, a challenge. The alliance calls for the integrity of science, research, technology, and the public to revolutionize the energy industry.

The project has a profound message. Apollo energy solutions are not only about the environment or energy. They are about building a new economy. The alliance gives hope to building a secure future for Americans. 

What is the mission of the Apollo Alliance? 

  • Achieve energy independence with efficient and limitless resources of renewable energy.
  • Pioneer innovation in the energy sector.
  • Build education campaigns and communication to inspire new perceptions of energy. 
  • Create new jobs.
  • Reduce dependence on imported fossil fuels. 
  • Build healthier and happier communities. 

The transformation of the industry will lead to planet-scale changes. The Apollo energy corporation can respond to the global environmental crisis and prevent climate change. 

Apollo renewable energy also has the potential to become a catalyst for social change. With more affordable energy and new jobs in the industry, people can bridge the inequality divide and build stronger communities. 

Why Renewable Energy Is Important for the Future

Renewable energy resources have an enormous potential to cover people’s energy needs on a global scale. Unlike fossil fuels, they are available in abundance and generate minimal to no emissions. 

The burning of fossil fuels caused a lot of environmental problems—from carbon dioxide emissions to ocean acidification. Research this issue in more detail with academic assistance from essay writer online . You can use it to write an essay on renewable sources of energy to explain the importance of change and its global impact. 

Despite all the damage people caused to the planet, there’s still hope to mitigate further repercussions. Every renewable energy essay adds to the existing body of knowledge we have today and advances research in the field. Here are the key advantages and disadvantages of alternative energy resources people should keep in mind. 

Advantage of Green Energy

The use of renewable energy resources has a number of benefits for the climate, human well-being, and economy:

  • Renewable energy resources have little to no greenhouse gas emissions. Even if we take into account the manufacturing and recycling of the technologies involved, their impact on the environment is significantly lower compared to fossil fuels. 
  • Renewable energy promotes self-sufficiency and reduces a country’s dependence on foreign fuel. According to a study, a 1% increase in the use of renewable energy increases economic growth by 0.21%. This gives socio-economic stability.
  • Due to a lack of supply of fossil fuels and quick depletion of natural resources, prices for nonrenewable energy keep increasing. In contrast, green energy is limitless and can be produced locally. In the long run, this allows decreasing the cost of energy. 
  • Unlike fossil fuels, renewable energy doesn’t emit air pollutants. This positively influences health and quality of life. 
  • The emergence of green energy plants creates new jobs. Thus, Apollo energy solutions support the growth of local communities. By 2030, the transition to renewable energy is expected to generate 10.3 million new jobs. 
  • Renewable energy allows decentralization of the industry. Communities get their independent sources of energy that are more flexible in terms of distribution. 
  • Renewable energy supports equality. It has the potential to make energy more affordable to low-income countries and expand access to energy even in remote and less fortunate neighborhoods. 

Disadvantages of Non-Conventional Energy Sources

No technology is perfect. Renewable energy resources have certain drawbacks too: 

  • The production of renewable energy depends on weather conditions. For example, wind farms could be effective only in certain locations where the weather conditions allow it. The weather also makes it so that renewable energy cannot be generated around the clock. 
  • The initial cost of renewable energy technology is expensive. Both manufacturing and installation require significant investment. This is another disadvantage of renewable resources. It makes them unaffordable to a lot of businesses and unavailable for widespread individual use. In addition, the return on investment might not be immediate.
  • Renewable energy technology takes up a lot of space. It may affect life in the communities where these clean energy farms are installed. They may also cause disruptions to wildlife in the areas. 
  • One more limitation a renewable resources essay should consider is the current state of technology. While the potential of renewable energy resources is tremendous, the technology is still in its development phase. Therefore, renewable energy might not substitute fossil fuels overnight. There’s a need for more research, investment, and time to transition to renewable energy completely. Yet, some diversity of energy resources should be introduced as soon as possible. 
  • Renewable energy resources have limited emissions, but they are not entirely pollution-free. The manufacturing process of equipment is associated with greenhouse gas emissions while, for example, the lifespan of a wind turbine is only 20 years. 

For high school seniors eyeing a future rich with innovative endeavors in renewable energy or other fields, it's crucial to seek financial support early on. Explore the top 10 scholarships for high school seniors to find the right fit that can propel you into a future where you can contribute to the renewable energy movement and beyond. Through such financial support, the road to making meaningful contributions to a sustainable future becomes a tangible reality.

Renewable energy unlocks the potential for humanity to have clean energy that is available in abundance. It leads us to economic growth, independence, and stability. With green energy, we can also reduce the impact of human activity on the environment and stop climate change before it’s too late. 

So what’s the conclusion of renewable energy? Transitioning to renewable energy resources might be challenging and expensive. However, most experts agree that the advantages of green energy outweigh any drawbacks. Besides, since technology is continuously evolving, we’ll be able to overcome most limitations in no time.

ielts essay renewable energy

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ielts essay renewable energy

As we move toward a zero-carbon future, wind power, geothermal energy, solar energy, hydropower, tidal energy, hydrogen, and other renewable technologies are becoming widely popular energy sources worldwide. Countries, corporations, and individuals are adopting clean energy for several great benefits, from reduced air pollution to financial savings. In this article, we’ll dive into some of the advantages and disadvantages of renewable energy .

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Here are some of the most important pros and cons of using clean, renewable energy:

Advantages of renewable energy

Renewable energy has multiple advantages over fossil fuels. Here are some of the top benefits of using an alternative energy source:

Renewable energy won’t run out.

Renewable energy has lower maintenance requirements.

Renewables save money.

Renewable energy has numerous environmental benefits.

Renewables lower reliance on foreign energy sources.

Renewable energy leads to cleaner water and air.

Renewable energy creates jobs.

Renewable energy can cut down on waste.

1. Renewable energy won’t run out

Renewable energy technologies use resources straight from the environment to generate power. These energy sources include sunshine, wind, tides, and biomass. Renewable resources won’t run out, which cannot be said for many types of fossil fuels – as we use fossil fuel resources, they will be increasingly difficult to obtain, likely driving up both the cost and environmental impact of extraction.

2. Maintenance requirements are lower for renewable energy

Renewable energy systems usually require less overall maintenance than generators that use traditional fuel sources. This is because generating technology like solar panels and wind turbines either have few or no moving parts and don’t rely on flammable, combustible fuel sources to operate. Fewer maintenance requirements translate to more time and money saved.

3. Renewables save money

Using renewable energy can help you save money long term. Not only will you save on maintenance costs but also on operating costs. You don't have to pay to refuel when you’re using a technology that generates power from the sun, wind, steam, or natural processes. The amount of money you will save using renewable energy can vary depending on several factors, including the technology itself. In most cases, transitioning to renewable energy means anywhere from hundreds to thousands of dollars in savings—find out how much you can save by switching to solar energy .

4. Renewable energy has numerous environmental benefits

Renewable energy generation sources lead to lower greenhouse gas emissions than traditional fuel sources like natural gas. This means a smaller carbon footprint and an overall positive impact on the natural environment . During the combustion process, fossil fuels emit high amounts of greenhouse gases, which have been proven to exacerbate climate change, which in turn causes rising global temperatures and higher frequencies of extreme weather events.

The use of fossil fuels emits greenhouse gases and other harmful pollutants that lead to respiratory and cardiac health issues . With renewable energy, you’re helping decrease these pollutants' prevalence and contributing to a healthier atmosphere.

5. Renewables lower reliance on foreign energy sources

With renewable energy technologies, you can produce energy locally. The higher the amount of our energy use is renewable, the less we’ll rely on imported energy, and the more we’ll contribute to U.S. energy independence. Renewable energy sources can help us minimize the geo-political risks associated with fossil fuels, from trade disputes to political instability to pricing wars, which are often rooted in access to oil.

6. Renewable energy leads to cleaner water and air

When you burn fossil fuels to generate electricity, it contaminates the air and water we use. For example, coal power stations release high volumes of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and harmful toxins like mercury, lead, and sulfur dioxide. Health problems from ingesting these elements can be dangerous and even fatal. Investing in renewable energy is a great way to work against these risks, as renewables have a far lower negative impact on our air and water. 

The use of fossil fuels emits greenhouse gases and other harmful pollutants that lead to respiratory and cardiac health issues . With renewable energy, you’re helping decrease these pollutants' prevalence and contributing to a healthier environment.

7. Renewable energy creates new jobs 

While the U.S. shifts its focus to combat global warming, we’re setting ambitious carbon-reduction goals that require labor to get the job done. Today, the renewable energy sector employs three times as many people as fossil fuels in the U.S. That number is expected to rise over the next few years—and as a plus, these jobs tend to pay above average wages, making it a desirable career option and an overall economic boom. 

8. Renewable energy can help solve our waste problem

Specifically, biomass energy can offer a significant benefit in this way. Biomass generators consume used organic products like vegetable oil, corn and soybean byproducts, and even algae to generate energy. Because of this, using biomass as an energy source can reduce the amount of waste that goes into landfills, which helps cut down on carbon emissions and environmental contamination.

Disadvantages of renewable energy

Renewable energy has many benefits, but it’s not always sunny when it comes to renewable energy. Here are some cons of renewable energy when compared to traditional fuel sources:

Renewable energy has high upfront costs.

Renewable energy is intermittent.

Renewables have storage capabilities.

Renewable energy sources have geographic limitations.

Renewables aren’t always 100% carbon-free.

1. Higher upfront cost

While you can save money using renewable energy, the technologies are typically more expensive upfront than traditional energy generators. To combat this, financial incentives such as tax credits and rebates are available to help alleviate your initial costs of renewable technology.

2. Intermittency

Though renewable energy resources are available around the world, many of these resources aren’t available 24/7, year-round. Some days may be windier than others, the sun doesn’t shine at night, and droughts may occur for periods. Unpredictable weather events can disrupt these technologies, and the amount of energy we can get from renewable power sources can be inconsistent. Fossil fuels are not intermittent, and power plants can be turned on or off at any time to provide an energy supply. Wondering if you should make the switch to renewables? Find out if an energy source like solar power is a good fit for you . 

3. Storage capabilities

Because of the intermittency of some renewable energy sources, there’s a high need for energy storage. Storage technologies are available but can be expensive, especially for large-scale renewable energy plants. It’s worth noting that energy storage capacity is growing as the technology progresses, and batteries are becoming more affordable as time passes.

4. Geographic limitations

The United States has a diverse geography with varying climates, topographies, vegetation, etc. This creates a beautiful melting pot of landscapes but also means that some geographies are more suitable for renewable technologies than others. For example, a large property in a rural area with open space may be an excellent place for a residential wind farm or a large-scale solar farm. At the same time, a townhome in a city covered in shade from taller buildings wouldn’t be able to reap the benefits of either technology. There are other options if your property isn’t suitable for a personal renewable energy technology. If you’re interested in solar but don’t have a sunny property, you can often still benefit from renewable energy by purchasing green power or enrolling in a community solar option .

5. Not 100% carbon-free

Although solar panels and other forms of renewable energy drastically reduce carbon emissions, these resources aren’t always completely clean. The manufacturing, transportation, and installation of renewable energy, like wind turbines, can create a carbon footprint since they’re usually produced in factories powered by fossil fuels —not to mention the diesel and gasoline needed to fuel the transport trucks. As the U.S. becomes more and more electrified – from solar panels on factories to electric transport trucks – carbon emissions associated with solar will continue to decrease.

6. Supply chain constraints

Renewables must have an effective distribution network created to transfer the energy where it’s needed on a large scale. These networks need non-renewable fuels to be generated, which offsets the benefits of renewable energy for a bit until it’s paid back. Additionally, politics can play a factor in installing renewable energy if it’s not a priority among local governments.

Types of renewable energy sources

There are a few types of renewable sources we can use for energy production: 

Wind energy leverages the power of wind motion to generate electricity created by the uneven heating of the Earth’s surface. 

Solar power uses energy from the sun to generate electricity and heat.

Hydropower utilizes fast-moving water to spin turbines and generate electricity. This is also known as hydroelectric power or hydroelectricity.

Biomass generates electricity from organic plant matter.

Geothermal energy leverages heat from inside the earth to generate electricity.

Tidal produces electricity with special generators that leverage the surges of the ocean created during rising and falling tides. Hydrogen: utilized as fuel and electricity when separated from other elements like oxygen.

Nuclear energy , while not technically renewable, is often lumped in with the abovementioned sources. Nuclear power has the potential to provide electricity generation on a massive scale with zero emissions, making it an intriguing part of our energy future.

Renewable energy has more benefits than drawbacks

When it comes to renewable energy, the positives outweigh the negatives. Transitioning to renewables on a personal, corporate, or governmental level will help you save money and promote a cleaner, healthier environment for the future.

Installing solar panels is one of the easiest ways to go green. By signing up on the EnergySage Solar Marketplace , you can compare multiple quotes from local, pre-screened installers to see what solar costs and savings for your property. The quotes will also include estimates of the amount of carbon dioxide emissions you will offset over 20 years and what this equates to in both trees planted and gallons of gasoline burned.

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IELTS Writing Task 2 Two Question Essay Topic: Natural Resources

Janet

Updated On Sep 18, 2023

ielts essay renewable energy

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IELTS Writing Task 2 Two Question Essay Topic: Natural Resources

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The Essay Writing section of the IELTS Writing Module can be a difficult task for many IELTS Aspirants. Thus, it is vital that you polish your essay writing skills before attempting the IELTS.

Below is a sample IELTS Essay for the IELTS Essay topic:

IELTS Direct question essays in one of the essay types asked in IELTS Writing task 2. So, for topics like this Natural Resources , you’ll have to write an essay of at least 250 words keeping in mind the grammar, vocabulary, and word count. So, in this post, we’ll discuss how to understand the question and write an IELTS Direct Question essay.

The world’s natural resources are consumed at an ever-increasing rate. What are the dangers of this situation? What should we do?

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Do you have an essay on this topic? Please post it in the comments section. One of our IELTS trainers will evaluate your essay from an examiner’s point of view and reply to the comment. This service is completely FREE of cost.

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Problem-solution essay

Introduction

  • Paraphrase the topic of the essay.
  • Clearly state the intent of the essay.
  • Paragraph 1- The overexploitation of natural resources results in several negative effects. Chief among them is a greater level of environmental contamination. In recent years, emissions from traffic have increased significantly due to the growing demand for fossil fuels globally.
  • This impairs the quality of life and decreases the life expectancy of people. In Vietnam, for example, an increasing number of people are suffering from respiratory problems as a result of the deterioration in air quality. Another consequence is that natural resources will be dwindling shortly in the near future.
  • Paragraph 2- The situation calls for prompt actions. One measure would be that campaigns should be continued to raise public awareness about saving energy.
  • The second remedy is that alternative energy sources should be developed to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels.

Clearly state the topic of the essay and the intent that it holds.

Sample Essay

It is true that there is growing consumption of natural resources in many parts of the world. This has potential problems, and we need to take action to combat the issue.

The overexploitation of natural resources results in several negative effects. Chief among them is a greater level of environmental contamination. In recent years, emissions from traffic have increased significantly due to the growing demand for fossil fuels globally. This impairs the quality of life and decreases the life expectancy of people. In Vietnam, for example, an increasing number of people are suffering from respiratory problems as a result of the deterioration in air quality. Another consequence is that natural resources will be dwindling shortly in the near future. A possible scenario of this is that countries may fall into a fuel war, which threatens mankind as a whole.

The situation calls for prompt actions. One measure would be that campaigns should be continued to raise public awareness about saving energy. For example, we can opt for public transport whenever possible rather than relying on our private vehicles. This will contribute to a reduction in the level of exhaust emissions released into the environment, slowing down the progress of global warming. The second remedy is that alternative energy sources should be developed to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels. We should invest in solar power, wind power, and nuclear energy to make them viable for public use in the coming years.

In conclusion, an increase in the world’s demand for natural resources is posing a number of threats to society. However, this can be handled by adopting the above mentioned suggestions.

  • exploitation : the use of land, oil, minerals, etc. ==> commercial exploitation of the mineral resources in Antarctica.
  • Dwindle : to become gradually less or smaller. ==> Supplies of coal are dwindling fast.
  • To opt for something : to choose to take or not to take a particular course of action. ==> After graduating she opted for a career in music. 
  • To reduce dependence on something

Band 9 Sample Essay

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The overhauling of natural resources has evolved as a jumbo-threat in recent years. This alarming trend poses a number of serious impediments to the growth of health of the world and must be addressed with a number of definite actions. In the forthcoming sections of this essay, this problem and its possible solutions shall be discussed.

The increasingly high level of natural resources exploitation can be hazardous in many ways. The most obvious threat is that once the resources come to the verge of depletion, humans would have to face the scarcity of fuels and materials. When oil becomes scanty and more expensive, transport and heating would become less accessible and affordable to most people. The paucity of resources also leads to stagnation in other industries, for example, there would not be enough wood for furniture production and not enough seafood for food processing. This would threaten the business of thousands of companies, as well as the employment of millions of workers in these fields.

Some measures can be taken to mitigate the problem of over-consuming natural resources. The most practical measure is to lower the demand for energy in every household. This can be done by mass-producing energy-efficient household appliances and selling them at a low price. Energy demand may also be cut by making saving energy the focus in propaganda campaigns in various media channels. Another sustainable solution is to promote environmentally-friendly technology. For instance, solar cells are now sold in a small quantity and at a relatively high price; they should be made readier and cheaper for the public. Finally, the conservation and recovery of natural resources, including seafood and forests, must be regulated by law.

To conclude, the overexploitation of the world’s resources may result in dire consequences, threatening many industries and people’s life. Strong measures, such as reducing energy use and resource conservation and recovery laws, must be implemented to tackle this situation.

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ielts essay renewable energy

Rashad Gayibkhanov

Posted on Mar 24, 2017

Due to industrialization since the WWII the rate of consuming natural resources trebled and it keeps growing at a very high speed. In my opinion, we can experience devastating environmental issues and governments have to introduce harsh laws in order to stop it.

Firstly, natural resources are the essential elements of the planed and these elements are very important for the humanity to survive. However, the increased pace of industrialization that consumes the natural resources at high speed may leave the entire planet paralyzed. Take usage of fuel for example, in 1955 each person used 0.35L of fuel per day, now this number is 1.2L and the difference is huge. Secondly, the development of technology put natural resources under threat and that threat realises itself by the appearance of environmental issues. Carbon-dioxide emission has been the topic of debate at United Nations for many years and yet still not any effective decisions made in order to prevent the greenhouse effects. As a result of this fact, if societies and governments don’t act immediately, in this case, we might be on the verge of experiencing climate change in a decade.

Finally, societies can take several steps in order to avoid further damages to natural resources by introducing strict laws. In other words, international cooperation and internal control can be considered as an effective method. Huge penalties should be applied on industrial and technological companies that fails to meet the environmental safety requirements. Consequently, this will ensure the natural resources to be used effectively in a safe manner. In conclusion, while industrialization and technology cause damage on natural resources resulting in a climate change, certain legal measures can be taken to stop further damage and ensure environmental safety.

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The picture below shows the use of renewable energy accounting the total energy from 1971 to 2006. (Band 6+)

Image for topic: The picture below shows the use of renewable energy accounting the total energy from 1971 to 2006.

The line graph illustrates how much infinite power consumed compared to the conventional energy between 1971 and 2006.

Overall, there was a general increase in natural plenish reusable in 6 countries examined, with the United Kingdom witnessing the growth but consistently having the lowest figure. Despite it, Finland started at the highest point but slightly decreased in the last year of the period.

The amount of natural energy had been used in the United States and Denmark saw a variant fluctuation before the United States ended at just under 20 and surpassed Denmark in 2006 which was about 17. Similar changes, but to lesser extents, were seen in the figure for Finland declined to about 23.

France, Germany, and the United Kingdom saw a considerable rise throughout the year without many changes in the amount from about 8 to just under 15, from exactly 5 to 13 and from the lowest point of 1 jump to about 6 respectively.

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Generate a band-9 sample answer, overall band score, task response, coherence & cohesion, lexical resource, grammatical range & accuracy, other topics:, the graph below shows the quantities of goods transported in the uk between 1974 and 2002 by four different modes of transport. summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant..

The provided graph depicts the changes in the amounts of goods (in million tonnes) being tranported in UK from 1974 to 2002 through 4 distinct means of transportation. Initially, by road, the amount of items transported is almost stable from 1974 to 1982, reaching 70 million tonnes. After that, there’s a gradual increase in the […]

The graph below shows consumers’ average annual expenditure on cell phones, national and international fixed-line, and services in America between 2001 and 2010.

The provided line graphs illustrate consumers’ average annual expenditure on Cell phone services, National fixed-line services and International fixed-line services in America from 2001 to 2010. As can be seen in the graph, there are some highlighted features: Cell phone services had a sharp rise, whereas National fixed-line services and International fixed-line services went down. […]

The graph shows the proportion of the population aged 65 and over between 1940 and 2040 in three different countries.

The line graph illustrate the total number of people over age 65 in USA, Sweden and Japan, through period from 1940 to 2040. It measured by percentage, it can be seen the three countries were fluctuating until 2030 where they all increased. The highest expected population percentage were Japan for 27 per cent, so Japan […]

The chart below shows the changes that took place in three different areas of crime in Newport city centre from 2003-2012. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write atleast 150 words.

The provided chart illustrates the number of three different kinds of crime incidents that took place in Newport city center between 2003 and 2012. Overall, there was a violence downward trend in the frequency of burglary incidents that occurred in the inner city. However, the rate of car theft had experience a decline for a […]

Task 1 – Take a look at the chart below and perform the task as outlined: This graph shows the proportion of four different materials that were recycled from 1982 to 2010 in a particular country. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, making comparisons where relevant.

The given info graphic illustrates how four specific materials are recycled in a nation between 1982 and 2010. It is evident from the figure that each of the substances had a significant increase in the rate of recycling except for plastics. One notable feature shows paper and cardboard had constantly led the chart throughout the […]

The line chart below shows the results of a survey giving the reasons why people moved to the capital city of a particular country.

The line chart provides data on the results of an experiment proposing the reasons of people moving to the capital city of an unknown country from 2000 to 2015. Generally speaking, it is obvious that the number of people who moved to the capital rocketed dramatically by 2015 compared with 2000. What is more, the […]

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  6. Unit 7: Alternative energy

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  12. Renewable Energy: Topic ideas, Grammar, Vocabulary and Sample Answers

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  18. Essay on Renewable Energy

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  20. The advantages and disadvantages of renewable energy

    4. Renewable energy has numerous environmental benefits. Renewable energy generation sources lead to lower greenhouse gas emissions than traditional fuel sources like natural gas. This means a smaller carbon footprint and an overall positive impact on the natural environment.

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  23. The picture below shows the use of renewable energy accounting the

    The image is a line graph with six lines representing different countries' natural replenishable energy consumption compared to conventional energy between 1971 and 2006; United Kingdom's growth starts lowest, rises steadily but dips slightly in the last year; Finland starts highest but declines to about 23; United States fluctuates, ending just under 20, surpassing Denmark which is about 17 ...