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Pakistan’s Current Affairs

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Published: Apr 11, 2019

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PM Khan gone: Pakistan’s political crisis explained in 400 words

Khan became the first PM in Pakistan’s history to be sent packing through a vote of no confidence.

Khan was voted out in parliament days after he blocked a similar attempt

Imran Khan’s term as prime minister of Pakistan ended on Sunday following days of constitutional chaos that left him with no choice but to resign or be voted out of office.

The Pakistani parliament’s lower house will meet on Monday to vote for a new acting prime minister.

Keep reading

What will be the fallout from pakistan’s political crisis, pakistan pm imran khan gone after losing no-confidence vote, no pakistani prime minister has completed a full term in office.

This is the first time a no-confidence motion against a prime minister of Pakistan has been successful.

How was Khan deposed by a no-confidence vote?

Khan was voted out in parliament days after he blocked a similar attempt.

The no-confidence motion , which required 172 votes in the 342-seat parliament to pass, was supported by 174 parliamentarians.

The passing of the motion came after the country’s Supreme Court ruled Khan, who came to power in 2018, acted unconstitutionally in previously blocking the process and dissolving parliament.

In a landmark verdict late on Thursday, the court restored the house that was dissolved by President Arif Alvi on Khan’s recommendation.

Khan has alleged the opposition colluded with the United States to unseat him and called on his supporters to stage nationwide rallies on Sunday.

Since independence in 1947, no Pakistani prime minister has completed a five-year term in office in the country.

INTERACTIVE_IMRAN_KHAN_GOVERNMENT8-REVISED

What led to leader Khan’s downfall?

Khan’s political demise was rooted in twin new realities. Inside parliament, his Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) party had lost the support of coalition allies, denying him the majority he needed to defeat the vote of no confidence.

Outside parliament, Khan appeared to lose the support of Pakistan’s powerful military, which the opposition alleged helped him win the 2018 general election. They had recently publicly fallen out over senior military appointments and policy decisions.

In recent weeks, as the principal opposition parties – the Pakistan People’s Party (PPP) and the Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz (PML-N) – ramped up their efforts to dislodge Khan, coalition allies became vocal in their dissatisfaction with him.

Meanwhile, a deepening economic crisis contributed to dissatisfaction with Khan with double-digit inflation dogging much of his term.

Who will be Pakistan’s next PM?

Shehbaz Sharif , the younger brother of three-time Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, is widely expected to replace Khan.

The 70-year-old is little known outside his country but has a reputation domestically as an effective administrator more than as a politician.

In an interview last week, he said good relations with the United States were critical for Pakistan for better or for worse, in stark contrast to Khan’s recently antagonistic relationship with Washington.

What is happening in Pakistan’s continuing crisis?

Subscribe to the center for middle east policy newsletter, madiha afzal madiha afzal fellow - foreign policy , center for middle east policy , strobe talbott center for security, strategy, and technology @madihaafzal.

May 20, 2022

Even by the standards of Pakistan’s perpetually unstable politics, the last ten weeks in the country have been exceptionally turbulent. Pakistan has a new government as of April 11 after Imran Khan was forced out via a vote of no confidence. The weeks leading up to the vote, from the filing of the motion on March 8 to the vote on April 10, were dramatic and full of intrigue. Now, the country is in economic and political crisis. Shahbaz Sharif’s new government has been in a state of decision paralysis and is struggling to find its footing, while the ousted prime minister is leading rallies across the country attacking the government’s legitimacy and calling for fresh elections. At the same time, Pakistan is also in the grip of an acute climate emergency. It’s not only political temperatures that are spiking: an unprecedented heat wave has enveloped Pakistan for weeks.

The fall of Khan’s government

Crucial to the current crisis is understanding how Khan’s government fell. While Khan was Pakistan’s first prime minister to be ousted via a no-confidence vote, he joined each of his predecessors as prime minister in not lasting five years — the length of parliament’s electoral term — in office. Pakistan’s major opposition parties had been clamoring for Khan’s exit since he came into office — calling him “selected” by the military as opposed to “elected” — and had formed an alliance, the Pakistan Democratic Movement (PDM), in the fall of 2020 for that purpose. This spring, the opposition gained traction. On the surface, the opposition blamed governance and economic failures under Khan. But the underlying reason their maneuvers were successful was that Khan had lost the support of Pakistan’s military, which helped him rise to power.

Several factors were responsible for the fracture between Khan and the military, who previously had functioned on a much-touted “same page.” The biggest was an impasse over the transfer of the director general of the Inter Services Intelligence (ISI) in October 2021. Khan refused to sign off on the director general’s transfer, already approved by the military, for weeks. The then-ISI chief was a Khan loyalist, and speculation was that Khan wanted him to be around for the next election (or perhaps even to appoint him the next army chief).

Once Khan lost the military’s support — though the military said it had become neutral — space was allowed to the opposition to make their moves. Two small parties allied with Khan in the ruling coalition switched to the opposition, enough to deprive him of his razor-thin majority in the National Assembly.

Khan hatched a conspiracy theory to blame for his government’s collapse — alleging , without evidence, U.S. “regime change” for following an “independent foreign policy,” and claiming “local abettors” were responsible — claims that Pakistan’s National Security Committee has rebuffed . But Khan and his allies have also alluded to the military being responsible for his exit — sometimes in veiled language and sometimes pointing fingers more directly at the “neutrals,” as they now refer to the military. In so doing, they are testing the limits of political confrontation with the military, receding only when it pushes back on their claims.

An intense polarization

Khan has used his ejection to galvanize his supporters. Day after day, in huge rallies across the country, he calls the new government an “imported government” and the new prime minister a “crime minister.” Khan has used his rallies and interviews to command media attention, and argues that his government’s fall returned to power the corrupt politicians that are responsible for Pakistan’s problems. His supporters, many of them middle class, young, and urban, and furious at what they see as Khan’s unceremonious, orchestrated ousting, repeat his words on social media. With this narrative of grievance, Khan aims to undermine the new government’s legitimacy; his party resigned from parliament and he is calling for fresh elections. He now plans to lead a “freedom march” to Islamabad, likely later this month , to further pressure the government for elections.

By contrast, supporters of the parties that constitute the government see Khan’s exit as having occurred democratically and see his politics as dangerous. Pakistan today has echoes of the post-January 6 moment in the United States, a polarization so deep that each faction sees no validity in the other’s arguments. Khan’s supporters in particular distrust anything the new government or the military says. In recent weeks, politicians from each side have also resorted to using religion to attack the other side, dangerous in a country where the weaponization of religion can spell a death sentence.

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The new government

The new government, led by the PML-N’s Shahbaz Sharif, faces formidable challenges — and not just from Khan. Shahbaz’s brother, three-time former prime minister Nawaz Sharif, who was deposed in 2017 on corruption charges and now lives in London, still exercises outsized control over the party, and indeed the government. Shahbaz, a three-time former chief minister of Pakistan’s largest province of Punjab, has throughout his political career played second fiddle to the more charismatic Nawaz. Last week, the prime minister and key members of his cabinet made a sudden trip to London to consult with Nawaz on the direction of the new government. While they were overseas, Pakistan’s economy continued its downward spiral. The rupee continued its precipitous slide relative to the dollar; the stock market also lost value.

The government faces a key decision on whether to continue costly, unsustainable fuel subsidies that Khan’s government installed, and that the International Monetary Fund wants removed as a precondition for renewing Pakistan’s loan program. Removing subsidies would certainly be unpopular, which worries a government with limited time in office before the next election. So far the government has stalled, announcing earlier this week, against its own finance minister’s advice, that it would maintain subsidies (for now).

Shahbaz’s overall hesitancy likely reflects deference to Nawaz and his team, who may have different views, and the fact that he commands an unwieldy coalition of rival parties, who will be competing against each other in the next election. But part of the indecision has to do with the fact that the main goal of the PDM was to oust Khan; they did not actually devise an alternate governance plan or economic strategy before coming into power. That lack of a plan is now showing in the face of Pakistan’s economic crisis.

The next election

A major question contributing to the political uncertainty in Pakistan is the timing of the next election, which must be held by the summer of 2023. Khan has made clear that he wants to ride his present momentum to immediate elections. In the days preceding his downfall, he aimed to deprive the then-opposition of a runway in government by extra-constitutionally dissolving parliament, a decision Pakistan’s Supreme Court (correctly) reversed. The new government, for its part, can use its time in power to turn things in its favor, including resolving outstanding corruption cases.

There is the question of whether Nawaz can or will return to Pakistan before the next election. If he does, that could boost the PML-N’s base, but if he does not face prosecution on his return, that will bolster Khan’s argument that the Sharifs have politically manipulated the corruption cases against them. The PML-N also faces considerable hurdles, including an economic crisis that is partially shaped by exogenous factors, a tussle over power in Punjab, and a president who belongs to and is loyal to Khan’s party. The coalition government this week has said it will not go to early elections; former president Asif Ali Zardari has insisted that elections not be held before parliament can undertake electoral reform.

Whenever the next election is held, it’s far from clear what the outcome will be. What matters in Pakistan’s parliamentary system is which party can get the most “electables” — powerful politicians in local constituencies — on their side. Large urban rallies may attest to Khan’s personal popularity, but will not necessarily define how his party does in parliamentary elections. The other factor, one that has historically determined which party electable politicians align themselves with, is where the powerful military’s support is leaning.

The bottom line

That brings us to the bottom line. The fundamentals of the system in Pakistan, beneath the intense ongoing political tug of war, remain the same. What matters for political success is whether you have the support of Pakistan’s military. Political parties now directly point to the military’s interference in politics, but only when they are in opposition; when they are in government and enjoy that support, they do little to challenge it. This was true of Khan’s party when it was in power, and it is true of Sharif’s government now.

In the end, what Pakistan’s soaring political tension amounts to is an opportunistic struggle for power. It has left the country a political tinderbox. And in all of it, little regard is displayed on either side for the ongoing suffering of ordinary Pakistanis, who continue to pay the price for the country’s long history of political instability.

United States Institute of Peace

Home ▶ Publications

The Current Situation in Pakistan

A USIP Fact Sheet

Monday, January 23, 2023

Publication Type: Fact Sheet

Pakistan continues to face multiple sources of internal and external conflict. Extremism and intolerance of diversity and dissent have grown, fuelled by a narrow vision of Pakistan’s national identity, and are threatening the country’s prospects for social cohesion and stability.

The inability of state institutions to reliably provide peaceful ways to resolve grievances has encouraged groups to seek violence as an alternative. The country saw peaceful political transitions after the 2013 and 2018 elections. However, as the country prepares for anticipated elections in 2023, it continues to face a fragile economy along with deepening domestic polarization. Meanwhile, devastating flooding across Pakistan in 2022 has caused billions in damage, strained the country’s agriculture and health sectors, and also laid bare Pakistan’s vulnerability to climate disasters and troubling weaknesses in governance and economic stability.

Regionally, Pakistan faces a resurgence of extremist groups along its border with Afghanistan, which has raised tensions with Taliban-led Afghanistan. Despite a declared ceasefire on the Line of Control in Kashmir in 2021, relations with India remain stagnant and vulnerable to crises that pose a threat to regional and international security. The presence and influence of China, as a great power and close ally of Pakistan, has both the potential to ameliorate and exacerbate various internal and external conflicts in the region.

USIP’S Work

The U.S. Institute of Peace has conducted research and analysis and promoted dialogue in Pakistan since the 1990s, with a presence in the country since 2013. The Institute works to help reverse Pakistan’s growing intolerance of diversity and to increase social cohesion. USIP supports local organizations that develop innovative ways to build peace and promote narratives of inclusion using media, arts, technology, dialogues and education.

USIP works with state institutions in their efforts to be more responsive to citizens’ needs, which can reduce the use of violence to resolve grievances. The Institute supports work to improve police-community relations, promote greater access to justice and strengthen inclusive democratic institutions and governance. USIP also conducts and supports research in Pakistan to better understand drivers of peace and conflict and informs international policies and programs that promote peace and tolerance within Pakistan, between Pakistan and its neighbors, and between Pakistan and the United States.

USIP’s Work in Pakistan Includes:

Improving police-community relations for effective law enforcement

The Pakistani police have struggled with a poor relationship with the public, characterized by mistrust and mistreatment, which has hindered effective policing. USIP has partnered with national and provincial police departments to aid in building police-community relationships and strengthening policing in Pakistan through training, capacity building and social media engagement.

Building sustainable mechanisms for dialogue, critical thinking and peace education.

Nearly two-thirds of Pakistan’s population is under the age of 30. Youth with access to higher education carry disproportionate influence in society. However, Pakistan’s siloed education system does not allow interactions across diverse groups or campuses, leading to intolerance, and in some cases, radicalization. To tackle growing intolerance of diversity on university campuses, USIP has partnered with civil society and state institutions to support programs that establish sustainable mechanisms for dialogue, critical thinking and peace education.

Helping Pakistanis rebuild traditions of tolerance to counter extremists’ demands for violence

USIP supports local cultural leaders, civil society organizations, artists and others in reviving local traditions and discourses that encourage acceptance of diversity, promote dialogue and address social change. USIP also supports media production — including theater, documentaries and collections of short stories — which offer counter narratives to extremism and religious fundamentalism.

Support for acceptance and inclusion of religious minorities

Relations between religious communities in Pakistan have deteriorated, with some instances of intercommunal violence or other forms of exclusion. USIP supports the efforts of local peacebuilders, including religious scholars and leaders, to promote interfaith harmony, peaceful coexistence and equitable inclusion of minorities (gender, ethnic and religious) in all spheres of public life.

Supporting inclusive and democratic institutions

To help democratic institutions be more responsive to citizens, USIP supports technical assistance to state institutions and efforts to empower local governments, along with helping relevant civil society actors advocate for greater inclusion of marginalized groups. Gender has been a major theme of this effort and across USIP’s programming in Pakistan. These programs empower women in peacebuilding and democratic processes through research, advocacy and capacity building.

In a September 2022 visit to Washington DC, Pakistan’s Foreign Minister Bilawal Bhutto Zardari speaks to an audience of U.S. officials and policy experts. In his speech, Bhutto Zardari discussed the 2022 flooding that displaced 33 million in Pakistan and resulted in one-third of the country being underwater. The foreign minister called for a global response to the flooding that could build a system that would support the developing countries most vulnerable to climate disasters.

Related Publications

As Fragile Kashmir Cease-Fire Turns Three, Here’s How to Keep it Alive

Wednesday, February 21, 2024

By: Christopher Clary

At midnight on the night of February 24-25, 2021, India and Pakistan reinstated a cease-fire that covered their security forces operating “along the Line of Control (LOC) and all other sectors” in Kashmir, the disputed territory that has been at the center of the India-Pakistan conflict since 1947. While the third anniversary of that agreement is a notable landmark in the history of India-Pakistan cease-fires, the 2021 cease-fire is fragile and needs bolstering to be maintained.

Type: Analysis

Global Policy

Understanding Pakistan’s Election Results

Tuesday, February 13, 2024

By: Asfandyar Mir, Ph.D. ; Tamanna Salikuddin

Days after Pakistan’s February 8 general election, the Election Commission of Pakistan released the official results confirming a major political upset. Contrary to what most political pundits and observers had predicted, independents aligned with former Prime Minister Imran Khan’s Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) won the most seats at the national level, followed by former Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif’s Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz (PML-N), the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) and the Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM). No party won an absolute majority needed to form a government on its own. The resultant uncertainty means the United States may have to contend with a government that is more focused on navigating internal politics and less so on addressing strategic challenges.

Global Elections & Conflict ; Global Policy

Tamanna Salikuddin on Pakistan’s Elections

Monday, February 12, 2024

By: Tamanna Salikuddin

Surprisingly, candidates aligned with former Prime Minister Imran Khan won the most seats in Pakistan’s elections. But while voters “have shown their faith in democracy,” the lack of a strong mandate for any specific leader or institution “doesn’t necessarily bode well for [Pakistan’s] stability,” says USIP’s Tamanna Salikuddin.

Type: Podcast

The 2021 India-Pakistan Ceasefire: Origins, Prospects, and Lessons Learned

Tuesday, February 6, 2024

The February 2021 ceasefire between India and Pakistan along the Line of Control in Kashmir has—despite occasional violations—turned into one of the longest-lasting in the countries’ 75-year shared history. Yet, as Christopher Clary writes, the ceasefire remains vulnerable to shocks from terrorist attacks, changes in leadership, and shifting regional relations. With the ceasefire approaching its third anniversary, Clary’s report examines the factors that have allowed it to succeed, signs that it may be fraying, and steps that can be taken to sustain it.

Type: Special Report

Peace Processes

Pakistan History and Current Affairs Essay

Historical overview.

Most scholars believe that the story of Pakistan commenced in the period between 3000-1500 BC. It was the beginning of the Indus Civilization. People who settled in those places were known as the Harappans.

The Indus Valley Civilization worshiped many gods, and one of them resembled the Hindu Shiva. The prosperity of Civilization began to decline with changes in weather patterns. Earthquakes destroyed the system of the river, and agriculture became impossible in such conditions 1 .

The Aryans, aggressive, and strong fighters replaced previous settlers. The Aryans invaded Central Asia in approximately 1700 BC. The Aryans society established the beginning of the modern Hinduism. They had the social caste system, and the Vedas were Aryans collections of sacred hymns. The Aryans moved to the Ganges valley, and the vast territory remained unprotected from numerous invasions.

During 400-500 BC, the Persian Emperor, Darius I, invaded the territory of modern Pakistan and founded the province of the Achaemenian Empire. Sindh and Punjab became the flourishing and well-developed province in the Empire.

The rule of the Persian Empire ended when Alexander the Great invaded territories one hundred years later. After the invasion of Alexander the Great, the territories of modern Pakistan underwent drastic changes.

They were under the control of various rulers. The promotion of Buddhism by Mauryan Emperor in 200 BC was distinguishing. Besides, Mauryans ruled all subcontinent, and it was a differentiated feature of the reign.

In 711 AD, the invasion by the Arab General, Mohammed bin Qasim, occurred in Sindh. It was signed as far as it brought the Islamic religion to the region. By that time, Muslims were already considered as the ruling class of the society, and their religion became widespread in the area.

Nevertheless, Muslims became truly superior to people with the arrival of the dynasty of Mughal. The dynasty of Mughal also took control over the whole subcontinent. The rule of the dynasty was indubitable in the 16 th and 17 th centuries.

The rule of Mughals was successful due to the advanced administrating system and an efficient government. For instance, Akbar, one of the rulers, realized the necessity to build rapport with Hindus as far as their numerousness made it impossible to invade them. The end of the Mughal Empire was a logical consequence of its rapid spread and prosperity. The Mughal Empire became so large that it was almost impossible to govern with maximum efficiency 2 .

The next significant stage of Pakistan’s history refers to the period of British colonialism. Initially, the British arrived at the subcontinent for profit. They collaborated with representatives of the Mughal dynasty.

However, the profit from the subcontinent countries increased, and the British became more interested in local politics. Finally, at the beginning of the 19 th century, they began acting like imperialists, who aimed to seize new territories.

The British rule was established over India and Pakistan. It meant that both Hindus and Muslims had to live as one nation or population. It was unacceptable for both sides. In 1906, the Muslim League was formed to support the interests of the Muslim population. The division occurred in 1947 with the end of the rule of the British Empire. Since 1947, Pakistan started its way as an independent country.

In 1948, the first war with India commenced. It concerned the territory of Kashmir. In 1951, the era of military rule began in Pakistan. It lasted until the death of General Zia in 1988. Then comes the period of tense political relations accompanied by corruption and extremism. The conflict over Kashmir continued at the beginning of the 21st century. The following years were full of political changes and instability including testing of nuclear weapons and terrorist attacks 3 .

Geography and Demography

Pakistan is located in Southern Asia. It borders the Arabian Sea, India, China, Afghanistan, and Iran. The climate is predominantly hot. In the northwest part of the country, it is temperate and arctic in the north. Pakistan has notable terrain features.

Thus, there are mountain ranges in the northwest and north and a flat plain in the east. The Himalayas are located in the northern part of the country. There is the second largest world’s mountain in Pakistan — K2 or Mt. Godwin-Austin (8611 m).

The total area of Pakistan comprises 803 940 square kilometers. Indus River is the primary source of freshwater in the country. The country’s land is rich in natural gas resources. The geographical location of Pakistan is also the reason for devastating natural hazards such as earthquakes and floods 4 .

The following demographic data of Pakistan were gathered in 2014. Thus, the population of the country comprises 196 million people. More than thirty-five percent of the residents are 24-54 years old. The population growth rate is 1.49%. The population of major cities is as follows: Islamabad (capital) — 919 thousand, Karachi — 13 million, Lahore — almost 8 million, 3 million people live in Faisalabad.

The dominant ethnic group of the population is Punjabi (nearly 45% of the population). There are other ethnic groups such as Pashtun, Sindhi, Saraiki, and Balochi. The official and dominant religion of the country is Muslim (96.4 %). Hinduism and Christianity are minor religions. Urdu is the official language. English is also official, and it is regarded as the lingua franca of governmental authorities and official representatives. There is also a variety of dialects in every region of Pakistan 5 .

Political System

The official name of the country is the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Pakistan’s form of state is the federal parliamentary democracy. The Government represents the legislative branch of the state. The Government is made up of two houses: the Upper House (Senate) and the Lower House (the National Assembly).

The head of the Government is Prime Minister, who is appointed by the President of the state. Prime Minister is chosen from representatives of the National Assembly. The National Assembly includes three hundred and forty-two seats. Sixty seats are given to female representatives in the Government.

Ten seats are reserved for minorities who profess other religions. The rest of the seats are granted to selected candidates. The Upper House or the Senate includes one hundred seats. Eighty-eight seats belong to representatives from four Provinces. The other twelve seats are for representatives from the capital of the state and tribal people. Women may occupy approximately twenty percent of seats 6 .

The President of Pakistan is the Head of the State. The Presidents represent the executive branch. Only Muslims may become the Head of the State. The electoral college has the right to elect the president. The current president of Pakistan is Mamnoon Hussain, who has been elected in 2013.

The President can be elected for two consecutive terms, each lasting five years. The Federal Cabinet or the Cabinet of Pakistan also presents the executive branch. The Prime Minister, being the head of the Government, is the primary adviser to the President. PM has a broad range of rights and responsibilities. The President has the right to dissolve the National Assembly and remove PM if necessary. The current PM is Nawaz Sharif.

Leadership approaches varied in the country due to the continued instability and conflicts. The first powerful leader of Pakistan was Ayub Khan. He became the president of the state in 1958 — the period of high instability that was caused by the assassination of the founding father of Pakistan — Muhammad Ali Jinnah.

Although many people criticized the military regime of Khan, others considered that it was the only way to bring the state into the condition of stability. Ayub Khan made several positive things that improved the life of people and the status of the country in general.

First, he made everything possible to stabilize political relations with both the United States of America and China. Second, Khan introduced new constitution to eliminate the instability and possess control over other political powers. Also, he diminished the role of clerics in the political decision-making processes. The last positive thing about Khan’s leadership concerned his paying attention to the economy and the development of infrastructure 7 .

The second distinguished leader of Pakistan was Benazir Bhutto. She became the first female Prime Minister in the Islamic country in 1988. Bhutto fought against the military dictatorship and, finally, achieved her goal. The first democratic elections were conducted due to persistence. She was the founder of the People’s Party of Pakistan.

The PPP is still one of the major political forces in the government. Bhutto improved the system of education and changed the status and rights of women in the country. In 1996, she had to leave the country as far as the military-based government took control over the state. Eleven years later, Bhutto returned to participate in the general elections, but she was assassinated 8 .

Asif Ali Zardari was the president of Pakistan in 2008-2013. His personality is extremely controversial. Zardari is known as a corrupt individual. At the same time, his reforms changed the state for the better. Thus, Zardari decentralized executive power. His civilian government existed all five years and did not end with dismissal or coup. Also, Zardari reestablished the freedom of the press.

Pakistan’s index of economic freedom is 55.6. The country is 121 st , among others, from this perspective. The index increases slowly annually. It exemplifies the fact that the country makes some positive changes. The general condition of the economy of Pakistan is regarded as not efficient according to the world’s average rates. GDP per capita was almost $900 in 2014. GDP per capita PPP was $4600. GDP annual growth rate comprised 4.14 9 .

The level of unemployment is more than 5%. Despite this fact, a substantial part of the population lives in poverty. The most common way of survival is agriculture. Starting a business can become rather a challenge for residents of the states. It usually takes three weeks to conduct all necessary procedures.

However, the execution of license may last for more than two hundred days. The financial system of the country is largely controlled by the government 10 . It impedes the successful development of the economy and well-being of the population.

Economic Structure and Resources

Agriculture is the central sector of Pakistan’s economy. The country belongs to the biggest suppliers of agricultural products, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. This sector contributes more than twenty percent of the total GDP.

Also, it is the primary job market for almost half of the population. Livestock is another significant constituent of the economy. It comprises more than ten percent of GDP. The fishery is the third substantial component that provides more than four hundred thousand people with job opportunities. The industrial sector of Pakistan forms almost twenty-five percent of GDP 11 .

The natural resources of Pakistan are also significant for its economic structure. The land is a vital natural resource. It is used for agriculture. It is estimated that the gas reserves of the country will remain for the following twenty years.

Besides, some reserves have not been utilized at all. Not long ago, low-quality coal beds have been found in Pakistan too. There are approximately one hundred seventy billion tons of coal reserves that should last for the following two hundred years if the consumption remains the same 12 .

Current issues

Although Pakistan gained its independence more than sixty years ago, it did not achieve a significant level of development and progress. Nowadays, the country survives mostly on contributions from the International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and other countries.

The largest part of the population lives in rural areas without any basic facilities for a comfortable and healthy life. Nowadays, the country faces a variety of problems that hinder its development and prosperity of residents.

Poverty is one of the most significant issues in Pakistan. The government of Pakistan conducted research aimed at the evaluation of the well-being of the population. According to results, the level of poverty increased by 30-40% over the past decade.

Almost half of the population lives below the poverty line. It means that these people do not have access to proper education or medicine. They have nothing to eat or wear. This problem leads to other subsequent concerns.

When people need to think of the satisfaction of their basic survival needs, they neglect other aspects of civilized life. This situation results in the increasing illiteracy rate. Fifty percent of the Pakistan population is illiterate. It is necessary to mention that “literacy” means the ability to read and write. These skills are not enough for efficient development in the modern world. Thus, Pakistani people know almost nothing about modern technologies 13 .

Terrorism is also a significant concern in Pakistan. It should be noted that Pakistan is reputed for terrorism. A majority of countries consider Pakistan as a source of terror. Acts of terror are often conducted in Pakistan too. After the events of 9/11, Pakistan began to fight with jihadi groups.

Besides, the US military forces Pakistan pursued members of Al-Qaeda in Pakistan. Terrorism is a grave threat to the development of Pakistan. The world cannot accept the country with high level of terrorism as equal. Besides, terrorist attacks damage the economy drastically.

Health issues are becoming more and more urgent for the population of Pakistan. People live in poverty, and it affects their condition of health. The country faces the problem of increasing rates of diabetes, obesity, and heart diseases.

According to the World Health Organization, there are outnumbered cases of such illnesses as malaria, diarrhea, pneumonia, diseases of the skin. They are caused by the poor quality of food and living conditions. The situation aggravates as far as people do not have money to pay for appropriate treatment 14 .

Corruption is another problem in Pakistan. Efficient governance is impossible when corruption becomes an integral part of activities at all levels of society. In 2013, Transparency International conducted a survey of levels of corruption throughout the world.

Pakistan was 127 th of 177 countries 15 . Corruption is still the major problem of the country. Most deals are executed with the help of bribery. This way of decision-making process hinders the overall progress of the country and makes it impossible for the country to achieve prosperity.

The energy crisis is another worrying issue in Pakistan. The country experiences a lack of electricity. The available supply level cannot meet the pressing demand. Besides, the country has severe gas shortages. The country imports gas from Qatar. It is a long-lasting process that is extremely expensive. It is necessary to note that the government of Pakistan does not utilize the available coal reserves.

Malik writes that Pakistan has the second-largest reserves of coal and the USA — largest reserves in the world 16 . The United States of America uses coal as the source of energy through it pollutes the environment. In Pakistan, there are no such issues, but authorities fail to use available coal and prefer buying gas from Qatar.

Strengths and Weaknesses

Pakistan’s primary strength relates to its location and size. Thus, its location is advantageous in Asia. Besides, a large size of the country provides possibilities for the development of the domestic market. Pakistan also benefits from foreign aid. It receives donations from IMF, World Bank, and the USA. It means that it has the potential for the development of international relations.

Weaknesses outnumber the strong sides of Pakistan. First, almost all workers are unskilled. People do not have the necessary knowledge to become a modernized society and enter the IT infrastructure. Most residents work in the agricultural sector. The second problem is the cause of the first one. Pakistan lacks an efficient system of education.

Also, the English language is not taught at all. Pakistan is an Islamic state. It is necessary to shift priorities and emphasize the significance of education. Numerous coups have also undermined the development of the country 17 .

Foreign and Domestic Policy

Many elements of the domestic policy have been already discussed in previous parts of the paper. They refer mostly to the economic development of the state. The domestic policy of Pakistan is not efficient. Pakistan’s government does not modify the economy. The agricultural sector is not enough for the development of the country on the global level. Pakistan’s domestic policy impedes development and globalization.

The foreign policy of Pakistan had undergone several changes over sixty years of independence. Pakistan was involved in tense international relations with the USSR, India, and Afghanistan since 1947. Pakistan commenced the formation of foreign relations with the US during the period of the Cold War.

Thus, Pakistan became the ally of the US when the Soviet Union’s military forces invaded Afghanistan. Besides, Pakistan had significant political relations with other neighboring countries — China and Iran. The foreign policy towards India has always been hostile.

The international relations with the US are of particular importance for Pakistan. Since 9/11, Pakistan joined the US in its ‘War on Terror”. These relations were often concerned as extremely controversial. Nevertheless, the fact was that Pakistan aimed at finding and eliminating extremist terrorist groups within the country.

Pakistan assisted the US in Afghanistan, but the consequences were adverse. The US military forces intended to kill all terrorists. However, many civilians suffered or were slaughtered too. Thus, American Drone attacks killed almost three thousand Pakistani people 18 .

Future prospects for Pakistan are not very positive. The improper governance, lack of an efficient system of health care and education, old and agriculture-based economy cannot provide the country with developing opportunities. Many scholars agree that the current state of Pakistan’s development is noticeably disadvantageous. No meaningful changes are expected to occur in the following five or seven years 19 .

There is the dilemma of governance in Pakistan that will exist for a long time. Military representatives rule the country, but they are not the best governors. At the same time, they will not let anyone else take control of Pakistan.

This controversy puts Pakistan in a kind of deadlock. Experts agree that Pakistan should collaborate with India. These two countries can create a powerful alliance that will protect their interests in the global arena of politics. The future of Pakistan is not clear at the current stage of its development. The country needs comprehensive reforms in all spheres to begin the way towards prosperity.

Works Cited

Akbar, Malik. “The Future of Pakistan.” The Express Tribune . Web.

“Benazir Bhutto.” 100leaders.org . Web.

Bhattacharya, Sanchita. “How does Pakistan’s domestic strife influence its foreign policy, and vice versa.” Academia.edu . Web.

“Economy of Pakistan: an Overview.” CSS Forum . Web.

“Geography and Map of Pakistan.” Geography.about.com . Web.

Malik, Farid. “Energy Crisis of Pakistan.” Pakistan Today . Web.

Mashru, Ram. “Pakistan: as corrupt as ever.” The Diplomat . Web.

“Natural Resources of Pakistan.” Pakistan Insider . Web.

“Pakistan.” Heritage.org . Web.

“Pakistan Demographic Profile 2014.” Indexundi .com. Web.

“Pakistan. History.” Lonelyplanet.com . Web.

“Pakistan GDP Growth Rate.” Tradingeconomics.com . Web.

“Pakistan Profile.” BBC.com . Web.

“Pakistan’s Strengths & Weaknesses.” American.edu . Web.

Pillalamarri, Akhilesh. “Pakistan’s 3 Greatest Leaders of All Time.” The National Interest . Web.

“Ten Major Problems Facing by Pakistan Today.” CSS Forum . Web.

“The Political System of Pakistan.” Hubpages.com . Web.

Wynbrandt, James. A Brief History of . New York: Infobase Publishing, 2009.

1 as James Wynbrandt, A Brief History of Pakistan (New York: Infobase Publishing, 2009), 15-18.
2 “Pakistan. History,” Lonelyplanet.com. Web.
3 “Pakistan Profile,” BBC.com. Web.
4 “Geography and Map of Pakistan,” Geography.about.com. Web.
5 “Pakistan Demographic Profile 2014,” Indexundi . com , Web.
6, “The Political System of Pakistan,” Hubpages.com , Web.
7 Akhilesh Pillalamarri, “Pakistan’s 3 Greatest Leaders of All Time,” The National Interest. Web.
8 “Benazir Bhutto,” 100leaders.org. Web.
9 “Pakistan GDP Growth Rate,” Tradingeconomics.com. Web.
10 “Pakistan,” Heritage.org . Web.
11 “Economy of Pakistan: an Overview,” CSS Forum. Web.
12 “Natural Resources of Pakistan,” Pakistan Insider. Web.
13 “Ten Major Problems Facing by Pakistan Today,” CSS Forum. Web.
15 Ram Mashru, “Pakistan: as corrupt as ever,” The Diplomat. Web.
16 Farid Malik, “Energy Crisis of Pakistan,” Pakistan Today. Web.
17 “Pakistan’s Strengths & Weaknesses,” American.edu. Web.
18 Sanchita Bhattacharya, “How doe Pakistan’s domestic strife influence its foreign policy, and vice versa,” Academia.edu. Web.
19 Malik Akbar, “The Future of Pakistan,” The Express Tribune . Web.
Chicago (A-D)
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IvyPanda. (2022, December 6). Pakistan History and Current Affairs. https://ivypanda.com/essays/pakistan-history-and-current-affairs/

"Pakistan History and Current Affairs." IvyPanda , 6 Dec. 2022, ivypanda.com/essays/pakistan-history-and-current-affairs/.

IvyPanda . (2022) 'Pakistan History and Current Affairs'. 6 December.

IvyPanda . 2022. "Pakistan History and Current Affairs." December 6, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/pakistan-history-and-current-affairs/.

1. IvyPanda . "Pakistan History and Current Affairs." December 6, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/pakistan-history-and-current-affairs/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "Pakistan History and Current Affairs." December 6, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/pakistan-history-and-current-affairs/.

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Essay on Current Affairs of Pakistan 2024

Pakistan is going through a lot these days. As every day brings something new for it, whether it is a political rift, drill against corruption, judicial activism, governance issues, economic condition or inflation. We start the Essay on Current Affairs of Pakistan 2024 from the current Political Scenarios . Since Imran Khan is out from the office of Prime Minister, there seems a political rift in the environment. Every coming day brings something new to the scene. Currently, it is the future of the PTI which other parties claimed to alter with the alliance of top opposition names.

Drill against Corruption: The interim government has always been determined on no compromise policy on corruption. In recent, FIA suggested filing a reference against many of big names.

Soon under FIA, several others were put on ECL that initiate a whole new debate on the next government but here comes the higher judiciary of Pakistan.

Judicial Activism: The Supreme Court of Pakistan shows its concern on many issues and asserts authority to protect legal values of country. Now, federal government is given a task to review such problems. That raises the questions on governance structure of this country.

Governance Issues: Good governance is the lifeline of any human society. No matter, who exceed the legal limitations but corrective measures need to be taken to avoid the shame in the future. Governance is also seemed to compromise in other fields of administration. Most noticeably, it was seen when the rupee to dollar ratio was changing abruptly and all the concern public office holders were on a different page.

Relation with Friend Countries:

Furthermore, now the economy of this country is mostly dependent on the finical support of friend countries. Especially, gulf countries play a major role in the economic stability of Pakistan. Meanwhile, the relationship with India is always important, but the Kashmir issue is also at the standby position.

Economic Condition:

Although, there is a lot of hustles when it comes to economic development still serious actions are missing. Instead of expanding the revenue and tax circle, the prime focus of the government is to put extra load on already burdened taxpayers. Moreover, there are no war efforts to tackle the menace of unemployment and underemployment which is a real way to nourish the national economy but the focus is still on maintaining cosmetic optics. By doing so, the government is paving the path for inflation.

Inflation has to be the main target of any people’s government, in order to accommodate the marginalized and avoid uncertainty in the economy but yet the task is largely unaddressed.

Currently, Pakistan is facing a lot of problems and the government in charge seems to shy away from real problems and concentrate on the game of optics. Hopefully, this is an appropriate essay on the current affairs of Pakistan 2024. Furthermore, in the next months, the new trends will also add to it.

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Title: Civil-Military Relations in Pakistan: Positive Evolution or More of the Same?

Civilian governance in Pakistan has never lasted longer than eleven years. 2019 is the eleventh year since General Pervez Musharraf resigned the presidency and fears of a coup may exist, but one is not probable—at least not in the near-term future. In fact, two recent Chiefs of Army Staff (COAS)—Generals Kayani and Raheel in 2009 and 2014, respectively— considered taking, but decided not to take, direct control of the government. These decisions demonstrate that military rule is no longer necessary because the Army has already attained its major goals of de facto control of the country’s nuclear and missile programs, key foreign relationships, the military budget, and national security decision-making. In effect, the military has achieved what I have previously termed a “coup-less coup.” Instead of the traditionally fraught civil-military relationship, it seems that, for the first time in Pakistan’s turbulent history, the government and military agree on the three major issues facing Pakistan: domestic politics, the economy, and India. However, key variables, such as economic stability, could quickly change the course of this relationship.

While the Army has not eschewed intervening in domestic politics in recent years, it has cooperated more with Islamabad’s civilian leadership. Knowledgeable observers believe it was involved in both ousting former Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif in 2017 and tipping the electoral scales in favor of Imran Khan in 2018. After a year in power, and still facing daunting economic and domestic political challenges, Prime Minister Khan has established a smooth working relationship with General Headquarters (GHQ). Khan granted General Qamar Bajwa a full three-year extension as COAS, made him a member of the government’s National Development Council, and took him and the powerful Director General of Inter-Services Intelligence along on his first visit to the United States. In return, the COAS agreed for the first time ever to freeze the military’s budget in recognition of the dire economic problems facing the state. Bajwa also has met privately with top business leaders three times to identify ways to bolster the struggling economy and stated that “national security is intimately linked to [the] economy while prosperity is a function of balance in security needs and economic growth.” Furthermore, he has given Khan’s government political cover by pointedly warning an opposition political leader not to attempt to destabilize the government during a period of economic crisis and tension with India, saying that “Imran Khan is a constitutional Prime Minister and neither I nor you can minus him.”

Skeptics may look at these facts and conclude that the Army has brazenly accumulated additional power in the economic and political spheres. It is true that the present civil-military relationship is not a marriage of love, but rather one of convenience based on the Army’s recognition that the only alternative to working cooperatively with Khan is another period of military rule, which it has unsuccessfully attempted four times, each leaving the Army discredited and unpopular. Working with the Pakistan Peoples Party and the Pakistan Muslim League failed repeatedly due to historical animosities, unacceptable levels of corruption, and fundamental disagreement on relations with India. The religious parties lack domestic support and are too closely tied to radical anti-state groups. Thus, working with Khan is now the only option for the Army, and has so far been a rather successful one. In Khan’s first year in power, the Army was pleasantly surprised by his ability to obtain funding for Pakistan’s cash-starved economy, secure another IMF tranche, avoid sanctions from the Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering, and partially thaw the frozen relationship with the United States.

Khan and the Army are most united on the issue of Kashmir. Indian Prime Minister Modi’s decision to revoke Article 370 of the Constitution—and, with it, Jammu and Kashmir’s special status—unexpectedly internationalized a dormant issue that, for the first time in a very long time, has put the civilian government and the Army on the same page of the same book concerning India. Khan and Bajwa’s recent Independence Day statements were remarkably similar. Khan declared, “this is my message to you (Modi): you take action and every brick will be countered with a stone….the Army is prepared; not just the Army but the entire nation will fight alongside our military….we will be ready, we will respond to whatever you do—we will go till the end.” And the COAS echoed , “there can never be a compromise on Kashmir….we shall stand in the face of tyranny, regardless of the cost.” Khan also appointed staunch India hardliner Munir Akram to replace the long serving Maleeha Lodi as Permanent Representative to the United Nations. And he pointedly stated on 24 October, “I have asked Army Chief General Bajwa to keep his troops fully prepared for a befitting response to any such misadventure (along the LoC),” noting his government’s trusting relationship with the military.

The future of Pakistan’s Kashmir policies will likely feature a hand-in-glove arrangement in which Khan will be Pakistan’s public face in messaging and diplomacy, which has so far yielded little more than support from China, Turkey, and Malaysia, with most countries accepting India’s action as a fait accompli. However, international concerns over Indian human rights violations in the Kashmir Valley are likely to grow over time and give Pakistan additional cards to play. Meanwhile, the Pakistani Army and Air Force are complementing this strategy by improving military readiness in the expectation of future Indian punitive actions in response to another terrorist event on Indian soil. Military leaders were caught off guard last February when a terrorist attack killed forty Indian security force personnel and prompted Indian punitive action deep into Pakistani territory. Neither the Army nor the Air Force want to be accused of making the same mistake twice, and both are hard at work on improving ground readiness, radar coverage of Pakistani airspace, and response times in the event of another Indian strike.

But the issue of Kashmir alone is likely insufficient to continue a positive civil-military relationship. An unanticipated “black swan” event, like an economic collapse, could someday trigger another military coup. Pakistan is facing an existential crisis over its economy, and the military may have finally realized that the true center of gravity of Pakistani national security lies there, not in military capacity alone.

The Khan government has much to do to keep the Army firmly on its side. Khan must keep diplomatic pressure on India over Kashmir, improve Pakistan’s difficult relations with the United States, and, above all, show demonstrable progress in correcting the country’s structural economic deficiencies, because GHQ will not allow a flat-lined military budget indefinitely. Until Khan makes real progress in the economic sphere by increasing the tax base, increasing foreign investment, solving the energy problem, and containing debt servicing costs, the jury is still very much out on which direction the Pakistani civil-military relationship will ultimately move.

Colonel (Ret.) David O. Smith is a Distinguished Fellow of the Stimson Center South Asia Program. He served twice as U.S. Army Attaché in Pakistan for a total of six years. He later served as Senior Director of Pakistan in the Office of the Undersecretary of Defense for Policy and in the Defense Intelligence Agency as Senior Defense Intelligence Analyst for Pakistan.

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short essay on current affairs of pakistan

Current Affairs of Pakistan 2023 (Pdf Download)

This Blog Post is about current affairs and political issues in Pakistan. It includes topics such as politics, law, education, healthcare, science and technology, culture, and sports that will help you to prepare for your PPSC, FPSC, NTS, or any competitive exam.

It can be tough to stay informed with everything going on in Pakistan, but it’s important to at least have a general understanding of what’s happening because these current affairs will help you in the preparation for any competitive exam.

Here are some of the biggest current affairs headlines of Pakistan that have been taken from the past months of 2022. These current affairs are also available in pdf.

Current Affairs of Pakistan in PDF 2023

26 december current affairs.

The Gulf Cup 2023 will be held in Basra, Iraq
Culf cup is a football competition
International human Rights day celebrated on 10 December

2022 Current Affairs of Pakistan

In which naval exercise, Pakistan, Israel, and Saudi Arabia have participated recently? International |Maritime Exercise] (IMX) 2022 (also known as |Cutlass|
“Cutlass Express” is an 18-day biennial naval training event led by US Naval Forces. Total number of militaries participating in Cutlass Express 2022 was: |60| (including Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Comoros, Djibouti, Somalia and Yemen)
Current Saudi Army chief is Lieutenant General: |Fahd Bin Abdullah] Mohammed Al-Mutair (he’s on 3-day visit to India
Which Australian all-rounder has left PSL-7? James |Faulkner] (and accused PCB of not paying contractual fee); he was playing for Quetta Gladiators
Recently, pak govt, has annunced to provide million scholarships to bright studentsl? 2.6 mn| (of 28 billion ruppes)
Which country’s PM recently said that “almost half on Indian parliamentarians have criminal charges? |Singapore| (PM Lee Hsien Loong)
The current Chairperson of PSX (Pakistan Stock Exchange) is: Dr. |Shamshad| Akhtar New Test captain of India’s cricket team is: Rohit Sharma On 20 Feb 2022, which joint military exercise was started by Thailand & US? |”Cobra Gold”]
On 19 Feb 2022, CM Punjab left for 3-day visit to: |Dubai|
General Qamar Javed Bajwa is currently on an official visit to: |Belgium|
Which TV journalist shot dead recently (on 18 Feb)? |Athar| Mateen
TASS news agency belongs to: |Russia|
France withdrew its troops from Mali recently. French troops have been fighting against Islamist militants in the country since: |2013|
Current German Foreign Minister is: Annalena [Baerbock]
2024 Summer Olympics will be hosted by: |France |(in Paris
Paris Olympics (2024 Summer Olympics) are scheduled to take place from: [26] |July to 11 August] 2024
On 19 Feb |1473, Nicolaus Copernicusl (1473-1543) was born in Poland. He gave Heliocentric theory (sun is centre, not earth)
On 19 Feb |2008, Fidel Castrol (1926-2016) resigned as President of Cuba
On 19 Feb |1 997, Deng Xiaopingl (or Xixian) died at age of 92. He’s famous for his economic reforms in 1978 On 19 Feb |1978, “The Feminine Mystique”! by Betty Friedan was published. It was a catalyst for 2nd wave of Feminism
The US added which Chinese e-commerce to “notorious markets for counterfeiting and piracy” list? [AliExpress] (by Alibaba) & |WeChat| (by Tencent Holdings) p The 58 th Munich Security Conference was started today on 18 Feb 2022. Its central debate was about: jukraine lerisis, |Food crisis] in Sahel (African countries between Sahara to Sudanian Svanna, Iran’s |2015 nuclear deal] ,
First G-20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governor Meeting 2022 started on 17 Feb & end on: |18 Feb| 2022 ’
The current Chairman of G-20 is: |joko Widodo| (President of Indonesia) p The G20 (or G-20 or Group of Twenty) is an international forum for the governments and central bank governors from 20 major economies. When was it founded? 26 September, |1999|
Headquarters of G-20 is in: |Cancun| , Mexico
WHO will enable which 6 African countries first to produce their own mRNA vaccine Covid-19? [Egypt, Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa and Tunisia| p Current DG of WHO (World Health Organization) is? [Tedros| (Ethiopia) p WHO was formed in: |7 April 1948| (Total members are 194)
Which life-threatening storm hit UK (esp. London) on18 Feb 2022? Storm [”Eunice’j (it is country’s worst storm in last 3 decades)
Oscars 2022 (94th Academy Awards) will be held on: |27 March] at Dolby Theatre ( |”The Power of the Dog”| film has got most Oscar nominations) p India-UAE summit (virtual) was held on: |1 8 Feb[ 2022
Due to global warming, how many marine species are in danger? |45,000| species (A research by University of Queensland) p In 2008 Ahmedabad serial blasts case, how many people have been death sentenced recently? [38] (out of 49)
On 18 Feb 2022, SBP (State Bank of Pakista) issued Rs70 Commemorative coin to mark 70th Anniversary of Diplomatic Relations b/w: [Germany and Pakistani p
On 18 Feb |193O, Pluto was discovered! by Clyde Tombaugh (24-year old American with no formal training in Astronomy)
6 th EU-AU (European Union-African Union) Summit held in: [Brussels] (17 18 Feb)
“Ehsaas Rashan Riayat” will be inaugurated on: |1 9 Feb| 2022
On 18 Feb |1931, Toni Morrison| (1931-2019) was born in Ohio. She was first American-African to win Nobel Prize in Literature (1993). Her famous writings are: The Bluest Eye (1970), Beloved (1987), Song of Solomon (1977), Jazz (1992) p On 18 Feb |l 546, Martin Luther] (1483-1546), leader of Protestant Reformation, died
On 18 Feb |2007, Samjhauda Express bombings] occurred in Panipat, Haryana
On 18 Feb 2022, India will sign a trade & investment deal with: |UAE|
PUAE (United Arab Emirates) is a federation of: |7 Emirates|(Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm Al Quwain, Fujairah and Ras Al-Khaima)
Bill Gates was awarded Hilal-e-Pakistan by President Alvi on: |17 Februaryl 2022
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation was formed in: |2000| Microsoft Corporation by Bill Gates & his childhood friend Paul Allen on: |4 April) 1975
Current PM of Italy is: |Mario Draghi)
The 58 th Munich Security Conference will be held from: |18 -20 Februaryl 2022 P Builders have found 2,000-year-old Roman cemetery (20 decorated graves) in: |Gaza| P The G20 (or G-20 or Group of Twenty) is an international forum for the governments and central bank governors from 20 major economies. When was it founded? § |September|, 1999 . Rupiah is the currency of: |lndonesia|
Gail Halvorsen (US ‘candy bomber’ pilot) died on: |17 Feb| 2022 (at age of 101); he as a pilot introduced the idea to drop candies & toys for children
Current U.S. Treasury Secretary (Finance Minister) is: |Janet Yellen]
On 17 Feb |1979, China invaded Vietnaml P ‘On 17 Feb |2008 Kosovo) (capital: Pristina) got independence; (Independence Day) P Libyan |Revolution| Day in Libya is: |17 February] (in 2011 revolt against Gaddafi) bn 17 Feb |1843, The British occupied Sindh| province after victory in Battle of Miani On 17 Feb 1|8O1, Thomas Jefferson was elected] as US President
Ukraine marked “Day of Unity” on: |16 February) 2022 (on pull out of Russian troops) -Join OUrpaid whatsapp group: 03014361716
Current head of US Pacific Air Forces is: Kenneth |Wilsbach|
41 st edition of Asian Champions League (football competition) will be played from 1 March 2022 to|: 29 November) 2022
AFC (Asian Football Confederation) Champions League was formed in: |1967| p Total teams in Champions League are: |40] (Most successful team is: Al-Hilal) p Minsk is the capital of which European Country? |Belarus|
Current President of European Council Charles |Michel|
Which country’s President will visit Pakistan on 3 March 2022? |Uzbek| President Shavkat Mirziyoyev
European Space Summit 2022 was held on: |16 February! p Global Disability Summit was held on: |16—17 February! 2022
According to the World Justice Project, Pakistan’s ranking is: |13O| (out of 139 countries)
According to ECP, Local Govt. Elections in Punjab will be held on: |29 May) 2022 p On 16 February |1941, Kim Jong-il| (North Korea leader—father of current President Kim Jong-un) was born
On 16 Feb |2005 Kyoto Protocoll (signed in 11 Dec 1997) was implemented to reduce global warming & greenhouse gases; it was expired in Dec 2012
On 16 Feb |1959 Fidel Castro became PM| of Cuba & later President in 1976-2008
On 16 Feb |1971 Karakoram Highwayl (China-Pak) was opened p On 16 Feb |2016, Boutros Boutros-Ghali died). He was only Muslim UN Secretary General (1992-1996) from Egypt
On 16 Feb |1949, Israel’s 1 st unicameral parliament “Knesset”~|started in Jerusalem
on 16 Feb |1918 Lithuania’s Act of Independence! was signed; Independence Day
Which country’s President will have a rare visit to Turkey in this week? |lsraeli| President Isaac Herzog (first Presidential visit since 2010)
“Raast” person-to-person (P2P) instant digital payment system was launched on: ,15 February 2022| (first phase of Raast, Bulk Payments was started in Jan 2021)
Ukraine President Zelenskyy declared “the Day of Unity”? |16 Feb| 2022 p A rocket, 2014-065B, which will hit & crash into the Moon on 4 March 2022, was sent by: |China|
Olaf Scholz (German Chancellor) met Putin (Russian President) in Mascow on: |l| 02022 .
Ukraine has relocated its embassy (capital) from Kyiv: to 0|
World Sustainable Development Summit will be held 16-18 Feb 2022 in: |lndia| P Theme 2022 of World Sustainable and Equitable Future is: [“Towards a Resilient, |Planet: Ensuring a Sustainable and Equitable Future”,
On 15 February ,1564, Galileo, (Italian philosopher, astronomer and mathematician) was born.
On 15 Feb ,1989, Soviet Union| , under Mikhail Gorbachev, withdrew its last troops from Afghanistan (after Soviet invasion in 1979)
On 15 Feb ,1978, Leon Spinks, defeated Muhammad Ali to become the heavyweight boxing champion of the world p On 15 Feb ,1965, Canada adopted Mapie, Leaf Fl ag
Currently, largest producers of palm oil are: |lndonesia| (1 st ) & Malaysia (2 nd ); Both produce 84% of world palm oil
Rouble is the currency of: |Russia| (while Rand is the currency of South Africa) p Who is No. 1 tennis player? |Novak Djokovic! (Serbia) while 2nd is: Daniil Medvedev (Russian) According to ATP (Association of Tennis Professionals) rankings 2022 ‘
Which country’s President visited UAE for the first time in a decade? Turkey
Israeli PM Minister Naftali Bennett became the first ever Israeli leader to visit: |Bahrain| (on 14 Feb 2022)
Iran’s Interior Minister Dr Ahmad Vahidi arrived in Pakistan on: |14 Feb| 2022 p Which football legend has been re-shifted to hospital for chemotherapy? |Pele| (Brazil) suffered from colon cancer; Pele is also considered the greatest footballer;
IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) started review water release from damaged nuclear plant of: |Fukushima Daiichi |Nuclear Power Plant, Japan (Fukushima nuclear disaster took place at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in 2011 due to earthquake and tsunami)
World’s worst nuclear disaster both in terms of casualties and implications for the environment and global economy is: |Chernobyl disaster |(1986). 2nd worst is Fukushima disaster 2011
Asia’s biggest airshow will be held in: |Singapore| (from 15 to 18 Feb 2022)
Which French ice dancers have won Olympic gold? Gabriella |Papadakis| & Gillaume |Cizeron|
According to Australia, which animal has become ‘endangered’ species on earth? |Koalas| (due to the impact of bushfires, land-clearing, drought and disease.)
On 14 Feb 2022, Senate passed: [“Transplantat i on of Human Organs, Tissues! l(Amendment) Bill, 2021”] ‘ .
Current CEO of RUDA (Ravi Urban Development Authority) is: |lmran Amin|
Recently, which Pakistan navy ship visited Port Muscat, Oman? ASLAT
On 14 Feb |1989, against Salman Rushdie, Iran’s Ayatollah Khomeini! issued a fatwa ordering Muslims to execute author Salman Rushdie who wrote book “The Satanic Verses
On 14 February |1779, Captain James Cook| (British explorer & navigator) was killed by inhabitants of Hawaii over theft of a cutter (by Hawaiians) at Kealakekua Bay; Cook was the first to make map of New Zealand & Great Barrier Reef of Australia ‘
On 14 February |2019, Pulwama attack! in Indian-occupied Kashmir (Jammu & Kashmir) took place.
Rouble is the currency of: |Russia| (while Rand is the currency of South Africa)
Who is No. 1 tennis player? |Novak Djokovic| (Serbia) while 2nd is: Daniil Medvedev (Russian) Accoraing to ATP (Association of Tennis Professionals) rankings 2022 •
Iran’s Interior Minister Dr Ahmad Vahidi arrived in Pakistan on: |14 Feb] 2022
Which football legend has been re-shifted to hospital for chemotherapy? |Pele| (Brazil) suffered from colon cancer; Pele is also considered the greatest footballer;
World’s worst nuclear disaster both in terms of casualties and implications for the environment and global economy is: |Chernobyl disaster |(1968), 2nd worst is Fukushima disaster 201
On 14 Feb 2022, Senate passed: [“Transplantation of Human Organs, Tissues| l(Amendment) Bill, 2021 ”|
On 14 Feb |l 989, against Salman Rushdie, Iran’s Ayatollah Khomeini] issued a fatwa ordering Muslims to execute author Salman Rushdie who wrote book “The Satanic Verses”
On 14 February |1779, Captain James Cook] (British explorer & navigator) was killed by inhabitants of Hawaii over theft of a cutter (by Hawaiians) at Kealakekua Bay; Cook was the first to make map of New Zealand & Great Barrier Reef of Australia
On 14 February |2019, Pulwama attack| in Indian-occupied Kashmir (Jammu & Kashmir) took place.
Which cricketer has left PSL-7 due to chronic back pain? |Shahid Afridi]
Current President of Germany is: Frank-Walter |Steinmeier| (from Social Democrats party); he’s been re-elected on 13 Feb 2022
FIFA Club World Cup 2021 was played on 3-12 Feb 2022 in: [Uae]
How many teams participated in FIFA Club World Cup 2021? |7 teams| (Winner team is: Chelsea Football Club) ‘
Current Secretary General of OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) is: |Mathias Cormann| (Headquarters OECD 1961 is Paris)
Current President of Brazil is: |Jair Bolsonaro| (he’ll visit Russia on 15 Feb 2022)
Turkmenistan’s snap Presidential election will be on: |12 March| 2022 p Which mobile network company has launched “|Garaj|” cloud platform? |jazz|
Current Naval Chief is: Amjad Khan Niazi (he visited Tunisia recently)
KLM airline belongs to: Netherland
Current |lnterior Minister) of Iran is: Dr. [Ahmed Vahidi] (he’ll visit Pak on 14 Feb) p Current Minister for Religious Affairs and Interfaith Harmony is: Pir |Noorul Haq] |Qadri |(he has purposed recently to celebrate “International Hijab Day” on 8 March)
Current Federal Ombudsman of Pakistan is: |Ejaz Ahmad Qureshi|
On 13 Feb |1689, William (III) and Mary (II) became king| and queen of England, after Glorious Revolutionc
On 13 February |1997, France became nuclear power| by detonating its first atomic bomb in the Sahara desert ‘
On 13 Feb |1883, Richard Wagner |(German Composer) died in Venice,
World |Radio| Day is: |13 February] (its theme 2021 is: “Radio and Trust”)
US has announced to re-open embassy in: |Solomon Islands! (a country in Oceania)
Capital of Solomon Islands is: |Honiara| (its currency is Dollar)
China approved Pfizer COVID pill: |Paxlovid|
Headquarters of Both International Hockey Federation (IHF) + International Olympic Committee (IOC) are in: [Lausanne!, Switzerland (IOC was formed in 1894 by [Pierre de Coubertin, in Paris
Report of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Working Group II deals with: [impacts, Adaptationand Vulnerability!
Which film has received maximum nominations at the 94th Academy Awards? The | Power of the Dog,(94 Academy Awards 12 Nominations)
Which country organized One Ocean Summit from 9-11 Feb 2022? [France]
Which two journalists were detained by Aghan Taliban? |Andrew North| & Peter Jouvenal (they’re now released)
Nokia will launch first Smart City Pilot Project in Pakistan at: |Lahore| p On 12 Feb |1809, Abraham Lincoln was born, in Kentucky ‘Birth anniversary)
On 12 Feb |1818, Chile declared! independence from Spain
On 12 Feb ,1804, Immanuel Kant| (German Philosopher) died.

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A Short Essay: Democracy in Pakistan

Pakistan ranks 104 th in the Democracy Index of 2021 (compared to 105 th in 2020). Its democracy score is only 4.31 . It implies that there is no true democracy in Pakistan. Rather it has a hybrid regime. Norway has the highest score on this index(9.75). On the poverty index, we can see that Norway is once again at the top. It implies that it has the least amount of poverty. So, democracy and less poverty are directly proportional. Uncertain political conditions reduce foreign investment which creates inflation. Ultimately, the country becomes the victim of poverty.

A country having a better ranking in the Democratic index will be having a better ranking in the poverty reduction index. So there is a connection in both and we clearly obtain result that democracy is a solution for poverty reduction in a nation. Robert petric

Introduction

Democratic governance means a government system in which all the people of a country can vote to elect their representatives. The government in turn runs the country according to the mandate given by the people.

A controlled democracy existed in the 1950s, and a simple democracy did so in the 1960s. A socialist democracy existed in the 1970s, a guided democracy existed in the 1980s, and a sham democracy existed in the 1990s. India and Pakistan, two gained independence in 1947. They had the same constitution, the Act of India 1935 . However, governance was the issue. Unlike India, Pakistan experienced an alternative system of government; civil and martial administration.

Pakistan saw several pitfalls. But, now Pakistan is convinced that strengthening democracy in Pakistan can be shaped with hard work. It can be done by the supremacy of the constitution, independence of the judiciary, and rule of law.

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Causes of Failure of Democracy in Pakistan

There are a number of following factors responsible for the failure of democracy in Pakistan.

1. Institutional Imbalance

Since the creation of Pakistan, it is experiencing institutional imbalance. Its roots go back to the British period. Pakistan’s institutional imbalance is due to civil and military bureaucracies and non-democratic parties. Besides, weak political institutions are also causing an imbalance in Pakistan.

Pakistan always lacked a system that could hold free and fair elections. Free and fair elections should be based on a universal franchise. If there was such a system, it could provide a conducive environment for democracy to grow.

2. Intervention of Military

The democratic failure in Pakistan left so much gap to give an opportunity to the military to fulfill that gap. Formal involvement of the military in civilian matters began in 1953. They intervened to contain the riots between Sunnis and Ahmedis. But, in 1958 military intervention resulted in the martial law period.

From 1958 to 1969, Field Marshal Ayub Khan ruled Pakistan. Generals Yahya Khan from 1969 to 1971, Zia-ul-Haq from 1977 to 1989, and Pervez Musharraf from 1999 to 2008 ruled Pakistan. All martial law rulers banned political parties during their regime periods. Moreover, even constitutional abolitions and desired amendments have been there relentlessly.

3. Evasion of Land Reforms

The greatest factor responsible for the failure of democracy in Pakistan is the evasion of land reforms in Pakistan. Feudal hold has increased since its creation. Supreme bureaucracy and feudalism are the two main consequences of the evasion of land reforms.

4. Lack of Vision in Politicians

Lack of vision and lack of competence in leaders is being seen in Pakistan. Pakistan’s conservative clerics and leaders have concocted theology with democratic culture. They have not even established the correct system according to religion. Moreover, they didn’t want the development of modern times.

5. Manipulated Election Process

“Free and fair elections” is one of the necessary elements of democracy. Democratic government is actually the most popular government which can only be achieved by free and fair elections. Only free and fair elections guarantee the genuine representation of people in Parliament. Furthermore, only elections are the source of peaceful regime change. People create a nuisance if they can’t represent their needs and desires.

In this regard, Pakistan has a disappointing image. All general elections except 2006 and 1971 , have been manipulated in different ways. Some of them were manipulated during the pre-phase of elections and some were manipulated during elections. Besides, some of them were manipulated in the post-phase of elections.

6. External Threats & Internal threats

Since the creation of Pakistan, it is facing huge threats from everywhere. Some of the threats are from strong neighbors and the remaining are from extremist Pakistanis. Both threats, whether it is external or internal make it compulsory for the armed forces to become involved in civilian matters. Subsequently, this involvement weakens democratic decision-making.

7. Corruption

Corruption is rampant in Pakistan and pushing our nation to a dead end. It includes the misappropriation of public funds, debts, nepotism, bad debts, misuse of power, and favoritism. The corrupt mafia has blocked the development of Pakistan. Subsequently, people have lost their trust in democratic government. Besides, corruption poses a great threat to Pakistan’s development in the future.

8. Sectarianism

Sectarianism is engulfing Pakistan since 1947. The adoption of religion as a guiding principle in the constitution is causing uncertainty in Pakistan. Basically, it is due to two major sects inhabiting Pakistan i.e. Sunnis and Shias.

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Way Forward

Recommendations for political parties:.

Political parties should develop well-defined people-friendly ideologies.
They should expand their organizational network.
All political parties should have an outlook on democracy as a culture, rather than a process.
They should train their staff for imparting democratic education.
They should counter the supremacy of non-political institutions.

Recommendations for State

First of all, the state should make sure of the supremacy of constitutions.
There should be immediate steps taken to abolish feudalism in Pakistan.
Some new laws should be introduced to ensure free and fair elections in order to prevent rigging.
An independent judiciary should be ensured to implement the rule of law.
Moreover, there is a dire need for civil-military cooperation in Pakistan. it should be ensured.

Recommendations for Youth

Youth is an indispensable role in democracy. They should register their votes and take an active part in elections.
They should join political parties after education.
All youth members should participate in the election considering it a responsibility.
They should be aware of political parties and institutions in Pakistan

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The Foreign policy of Pakistan: issues, challenges, and solutions

Naseem khan
January 28, 2022
CSS , CSS Solved Pakistan Affairs , Current Affairs , Featured , Opinions , Pakistan's Domestic Affairs , Pakistani Society , PMS
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The foreign policy of Pakistan: issues, challenges, and solutions | Best for CSS, PMS Current Affairs, Pakistan Affairs, and Essay Papers

The answer is solved on the given pattern, which Sir Syed Kazim Ali teaches to his students, who consistently score the maximum because of their attempting the questions. The content is based on historical facts taught by Miss Nirmal Hasni , current affairs coach and Sir Rameez Ch Pakistan Affairs coach helping aspirants for years.

Introduction

With various issues: political instability, less coordination among state institutions, and poor economy, it can be contesting for Pakistan to manage its internal and external challenges, like the Kashmir problem, the US-India nexus, the arm-race in South Asia and establishing peace in Afghanistan. However, to make itself influential based on its foreign policy in the competitive world, Pakistan has to maintain good relations with its neighbours, confidence in all super-powers, and curb non-state actors.

What is meant by the foreign policy?

The foreign policy of Pakistan

Fundamental principles of Pakistan’s foreign policy

To protect its sovereignty
To maintain good relations with the Muslim world
To observe the principle of non-interference
To implement the UN Charter
To support self-determination

Current scenario of Pakistan foreign policy

Challenges to Pakistan’s foreign policy

Existing political instability
Increasing Balochistan conundrum
Prevailing terrorism and sectarianism
Non-solving Kashmir problem
Growing nexus of US-India
Hanging sword of FATF
Defaming the international Image of Pakistan
Establishing peace in Afghanistan

Issues in Pakistan foreign policy

The minimum coordination among state institutions
The issue of incompetent policymakers
The presence of inept leadership
The burden of geographical location
The enigma of religious fundamentalism

Way forward

To maintain good relations with all neighbours
To initiate a balanced approach toward the Middle East countries
To give equal weightage to all superpowers
To refrain from interference in internal affairs of other countries
To promote political stability
To boost the economic condition
To curb non-state actors

Critical analysis

Conclusion

Answer to the Question

Nothing in this globalized world for a modern country is as important as sound foreign relations to secure its geographical, economic, and ideological interests. Living in isolation is no more in the interests of a country. Therefore, every developed or developing country has to formulate a peaceful and objective-oriented foreign policy keeping in view its national interests. Being a developing country, Pakistan enjoys its own effective and productive foreign policy based on its security and economic motives. It entertains cordial relations with all countries of the world. However, Pakistan faces several challenges regarding its foreign relations regarding the Kashmir issue, Indian aggressiveness, war-torn Afghanistan, the Middle East crisis, and a few more. These hurdles seem impossible to be managed by Pakistan in the presence of multiple issues such as fragile policies, a weak economy, a vulnerable geographical location, and the presence of non-state actors. In short, if Pakistan intends to formulate a successful foreign policy and manage its internal and external impediments, it has to eradicate all issues related to its economic, political, and ideological interests.

“Domestic policy can only defeat us; foreign policy can kill us.” John F. Kennedy

Foreign policy is the total of objectives, principles, and interests that a state keeps in view establishing its peaceful relations with other countries. Professor Joseph Frankel has aptly said, “Foreign policy consists of decisions and actions that involve relations between one state and others to some appreciable extent.” Moreover, it reflects domestic policies by which a country extends its relations to other sovereign nations. That is why the foreign policy of one state has profound effects on the neighbouring countries. Hence, Pakistan should make itself a stable country economically and politically to establish sound interactions with other countries.

Having hostile neighbours on both eastern and western sides, Pakistan’s foreign policy is mainly revolved around its key concerns, such as preserving its sovereignty, protecting its territorial integrity, and promoting the well-being of its people through economic development. Besides, Pakistan believes in maintaining good relations with all other countries on the basis of equality. Moreover, Pakistan has been the focal point of international politics owing to its geographical location. Being a gateway connecting many countries, Pakistan’s foreign policy can determine the fate of the region and affect international stability. Hence, Pakistan should formulate a peaceful foreign policy to secure its national interests in the best possible way.

“Success in foreign policy, as in carpentry, requires the right tool for the job.” Richard N. Haass

Fundamental principles of Pakistan’s foreign policy

Being a self-reliant state, the foreign policy of Pakistan is based on some essential principles. In the first place, Pakistan’s foreign policy at all costs ensures the sovereignty and independence of the country. Pakistan is the outcome of the great sacrifices of millions of Muslims, and that is why freedom of the country has become an integral part of its foreign policy. Second, Pakistan always seeks to maintain strong relations with all Muslim countries. For this very purpose, Pakistan has joined many organizations of Muslim countries to enhance its relationship with them. Third, Pakistan’s foreign policy is based on the principle of non-interference; thus, it never meddles in the internal affairs of other countries unless they invite it. Fourth, Pakistan does not ignore the UN Charter while formulating its foreign policy. It always supports all the moves of the UN in true essence. Lastly, Pakistan’s foreign policy is based on the principle of self-determination. Hence, it fights orally for the independence of Kashmir and Palestine based on this very principle.

Various internal and external challenges surround the foreign policy of Pakistan. Political instability in the country implements Pakistan’s foreign policy problematic for political stability is the hallmark of vibrant and efficient foreign policy. Moreover, the Balochistan issue is another internal hurdle in the way of Pakistan’s foreign policy. It limits the thinking capacity of policymakers because their minds stick to internal affairs only. Moreover, terrorism, extremism and sectarianism in the country have further jeopardized Pakistan’s foreign policy. Besides internal ones, external challenges are more dangerous as they directly influence Pakistan’s foreign policy development. The most crucial challenge among them is the Kashmir problem, for this very issue has been complicating the foreign relations of Pakistan and India since their independence. No one is ready to compromise on their interests related to Kashmir because it is the best water source for both of them. Furthermore, the US-India nexus and culture of the arms race in South Asia are giving a tough time to Pakistan’s foreign policy. Additionally, the sword of FATF, along with a bad image of Pakistan, are creating more impediments in the way of Pakistan’s foreign policy. Lastly, establishing peace in Afghanistan is the most exciting challenge for the Foreign Ministry of Pakistan. Hence, all these internal and external challenges contain the smooth progress of Pakistan’s foreign policy.

“How can I play baseball when I’m worried about foreign policy.” Charles M. Schulz

Issues in the foreign policy of Pakistan

The foreign policy of Pakistan cannot protect the national interests of Pakistan properly in the presence of various issues. First, less or no coordination among the state institutions and intelligence agencies leaves Pakistan’s foreign policy at the mercy of the Foreign Ministry only. Thus, there remain many loopholes while formulating it. Second, incompetent policymakers and inept leadership frame opportunistic foreign policies that are not long-lasting; therefore, these policies are insufficient to attain the country’s national interests. Third, the geographical location of Pakistan makes it more complicated for the Foreign Ministry of Pakistan to analyze satisfactory regional and global changing interests. Lastly, religious fundamentalists inside the country influence Pakistan’s foreign policy for their vicious interests. In short, all these issues play a significant role in making Pakistan’s foreign policy directionless and problematic.

Way forward

Pakistan must take concrete measures to make its foreign policy vibrant and effective. In the first place, Pakistan should maintain better relations with all its neighbouring countries, especially India and Afghanistan. For this reason, Pakistan must at all costs resolve all its problems with these countries like the issue of Kashmir. Next to it, Pakistan has to adopt a balanced approach toward all Middle East countries. Therefore, it must engage itself with all these countries equally. Besides, Pakistan must take all superpowers of the world, especially the US, China, and Russia. All of them are equally important for preserving the national interests of Pakistan. Apart from it, Pakistan should not meddle in the internal affairs of other countries and always stick to the UN Charter.

Additionally, Pakistan has to improve its political stability to give extra focus to internal affairs. Furthermore, moving ahead, Pakistan must improve its economic condition to pursue good relations with other countries equally. Lastly, Pakistan must take stringent actions against all non-state actors roaming inside the country so that they cannot degrade the international image of Pakistan. In this way, Pakistan can make itself influential with the help of a vibrant and well-organized foreign policy in this competitive world.

“Here is my first principle of foreign policy: good governance at home.” William E. Gladstone

The foreign policy works as a building block for a country to initiate good relations with other countries. Without a durable and effective foreign policy, a country can’t engage itself successfully with other countries. Every country must change its foreign policy with time as there is no permanent friends or foe in the international arena. That is why Pakistan should maintain exemplary relations with other countries based on an objective-oriented foreign policy. In this way, Pakistan can secure its national interest abroad effectively.

To conclude, the foreign policy of Pakistan is surrounded by multiple challenges. These challenges make it difficult for Pakistan’s foreign policy to preserve the country’s national interest. That is why Pakistan is at loggerheads with many nations due to its short-sighted foreign policy. These hurdles cannot be managed fruitfully by Pakistan unless the existing issues related to foreign policy are resolved. Only then Pakistan can live peacefully with other nations based on its durable foreign policy, and it can protect its national interest in the best possible way.

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پاکستان میں امریکی اڈوں اور داخلی سیکورٹی پر اہم اجلاس

پاکستان کی خلائی تحقیقاتی ادارے میں شمولیت

کینیڈا کے میڈیا کو انٹرویو دیتے ہوئے وزیر اعظم عمران خان کا کہنا ہے کہ دہشت گردی کا کوئی مذہب نہیں ہے