phd nursing government colleges in india

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Guidelines for Starting Ph.D. in Nursing Program in the Universities approved by the Indian Nursing Council

INDIAN NURSING COUNCIL

NOTIFICATION New Delhi, the 6th November, 2020

F. No. 11-1/2019-INC. —In exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section (1) of Section 16 of Indian Nursing Council Act, 1947 (XLVIII of 1947), as amended from time to time, the Indian Nursing Council hereby makes the following regulations namely:—

Short Title and Commencement.—

i. These Regulations may be called the Indian Nursing Council (Guidelines for Starting Ph.D. in Nursing Program in the Universities approved by the Council), Regulations, 2020 .

ii. These Regulations shall come into force on the date of notification of the same in the Official Gazette of India.

Indian Nursing Council (Guidelines for Starting Ph.D. in Nursing Program in the Universities approved by the Council), Regulations, 2020

1. BACKGROUND

NHP 2017 recognizes the key role health research plays in the development of nation’s health. The policy aims to strengthen governance systems so that nurses can assume leadership position, improve regulation of practice and strengthen the quality of nursing education. Doctoral education in nursing will prepare more qualified nurses who can meet the country’s health and nursing care demand. Many universities in India are recognizing this need and plan to start Ph.D. Program in nursing. This necessitates uniform and standard curriculum and guidelines to run the program effectively and achieve the intended outcomes. Indian Nursing Council (Council for short) has prepared the Ph.D. curriculum and guidelines that will guide all universities who intend to start and promote doctoral education in nursing in their respective Universities.

2. PHILOSOPHY

NHP 2017 emphasizes the need to prepare nurses to function in specialty and super-specialty areas of tertiary care institutions with the proposed expansion of tertiary care services alongside expansion of medical colleges and starting new AIIMS centres nationwide. There is an acute shortage of nursing faculty in undergraduate and postgraduate nursing programs in India. Doctoral education is essential to prepare nurse scholars to improve the quality of nursing education and practice in India.

Doctoral education builds upon and extends competence acquired at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels, emphasizes theory development and research skills. The function of nurse scholars are to: assume leadership roles in complex healthcare and education systems, develop a theoretical and empirical base for nursing practice in both current and emerging health care systems, conduct nursing research and participate in developing healthcare policies. The entire thrust is on professional preparation in Nursing that could lead to evidence based practice for clinical effectiveness.

Doctoral education is to prepare nurse scholars who will contribute both to the development and application of knowledge in nursing for enhancing quality of nursing education, research, practice and dissemination of nursing knowledge.

4. OBJECTIVES

The doctoral prepared nurse will be able to —

• Conduct research relevant to nursing.
• Develop nursing theories and nursing science
• Synthesize knowledge from nursing and other allied sciences to develop and test theory
• that affects health status.
• Demonstrate the leadership skills in nursing practice, education and research.
• Disseminate the results of theory development and research.

5. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR UNIVERSITIES APPROVED BY THE COUNCIL TO START Ph.D. PROGRAM IN NURSING

The minimum criteria for a University to have approved Ph.D. degree program in Nursing is as follows:—

The University must be approved by the Council under Section 10 of INC Act, 1947. Deemed/Private University

• The University shall have minimum two guides (regular faculty) with Ph.D. qualification with relevant experience along with their research publications. (Refer page no. 3)

State Universities

Every College of Nursing having M.Sc. (Nursing) approved by the University to start Ph.D. in Nursing shall have minimum of two Ph.D. degree holders in nursing regular faculty.

6. RESEARCH GUIDE

• Guides can select two scholars only every year but not more than 6 scholars at any given period of time
•  Scholars can have co-guide from nursing or other disciplines if necessary
• The Ph.D. doctoral holders who are within health care disciplines can be appointed as co-guides.
• In Deemed University the guide should be from the same University
• In State University, the guide can be from any college within the same University

7. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR RESEARCH GUIDE

• Ph.D. degree in nursing with 5 years Post Graduate teaching experience with minimum 5 scientific publications in National/International Journals.
• Maximum age to be a guide shall be 65 years.
• Guide cannot have more than 6 candidates (including being Co-Guide) at any given point of time.
• Candidate can have Co-Guide from nursing or other discipline, if necessary.
• The Ph.D. doctorate holders who are not formal teachers can be appointed as Co-Guides.

8. RESEARCH SCHOLARS

• Full time research scholars are those who register for Ph.D. on full time basis and are not employed anywhere.
• Part time research scholars are those who are presently employed in any College/School/Hospital/ Institute/Nursing department within the University jurisdiction.
• The scholars can select the guide from the list of guides recognized by the respective University. (Annexure-VI)

9. (I) ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR RESEARCH SCHOLARS

Applications are invited from eligible scholars who have obtained:—

(a) M.Phil. (Nursing) or M.Sc. (Nursing) or a Post Graduate degree in Nursing recognized by Council with 3 years teaching or Clinical experience after M.Sc. (Nursing) for enrolment for Ph.D. in Nursing (part-time) under Faculty of Nursing in the respective University.

(b) The scholars should have passed M.Sc. (Nursing) with a minimum of 60% marks.

(c) Working in Teaching Institution/Hospital/Community Centre/Nursing Department within the University jurisdiction.

(II) Criteria for Selection

(a) Selection for the Ph.D. Program will be based on merit either by entrance or by M.Sc. (Nursing) (minimum 60% marks). (b) If the University opts to conduct entrance examination then selection for the Ph.D. Program of the candidate will be based on

i. Entrance test marks obtained out of 90 marks. (Minimum weightage pass marks for entrance will be 60% of 90 i.e. 54). ii. 5 marks for candidates possessing M.Phil. in Nursing. iii. 5 marks weightage for publications.

10. RESERVATION IN ADMISSION: As per UGC guidelines.

11. duration:.

Full time: Three years, maximum of 6 years. Part time: Five years.

A candidate can register for Ph.D. course on part time basis.

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Ph.D in Nursing

Ph.D. nursing is a research-based degree that takes between 4-6 years to complete. This course entails conducting nursing research to improve healthcare facilities. Candidates for a Ph.D. The nursing programme must have a Master's degree in Nursing or another equivalent discipline from a recognized university with minimum aggregate of 55%. Students who complete this research-based programme will be qualified to work as a Chief Nursing Officer, Rehabilitation Specialist, Critical Care Nurse, Nurse Manager, Community Health Specialist, and other related positions.

Application & Admission Process

• Step-1: Fill the Online Application Form
• Step 2: Confirm Programme/Specialisation, generate your System ID
• Step 3: Complete Additional details/Educational Details & Upload photo signature & Documents
• Step 4: Proceed with the payment of the application fee i.e. INR 1500 /-
• Step-5: Online Enterance Exam (In the case, Ph.D application approved) 

             or 

Candidates with valid selection from NET / GATE / SET / UET / any other equivalent test conducted by GOI accredited agency (to be decided by the selection committee) are exempted from          entrance test and get preference in selection.

• Step-6: Interview

Programme Fee Structure

Eligibility Criteria

• A candidate must have cleared post-graduate (PG) degree or equivalent of minimum duration of 2 years from a UGC recognized Indian / foreign university in respective discipline with score of minimum 55% or equivalent CGPA. A 5% relaxation in score for SC/ST/OBC i.e minimum of 50% in PG degree or equivalent CGPA is allowed.

Programme Duration - Min. 3 Years

Programme Curricula

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DOCTORATE IN NURSING (PhD) IN INDIA GUIDE

Pursuing a Doctorate in Nursing (PhD in Nursing) degree after MSc Nursing open up immense career growth opportunities for nurses in India. Let’s explore all key aspects regarding doctoral programs in nursing.

Doctorate in Nursing: Highlights

Here are the key highlights of Doctorate Degree in Nursing in India:

Doctorate in Nursing: Introduction

A Doctorate in Nursing focuses on advanced courses, original research and intense clinical training. It empowers nurses to pursue academic and leadership positions in healthcare.

In India, the Ph.D. nursing programs equip candidates with cutting-edge knowledge to enhance nursing practice, education and research capabilities. The intensive research component develops skills to identify clinical problems and advance nursing science.

Why Pursue a Doctorate in Nursing?

Here are the key advantages of pursuing PhD in Nursing after MSc:

• Opportunity to conduct original research and contribute to knowledge base
• Build advanced clinical skills and expertise in a nursing speciality.
• Pursue career growth options in teaching, research and leadership roles
• Greater prospects for promotions and senior positions locally and globally
• High demand and respect as nursing experts, educators and scholars
• Avenues to improve patient care through evidence-based practice. Contact Us for PhD Nursing Admission Assistance , Thesis Suppot and Paper Publications

Doctorate Degree in Nursing -Admission Process

The admission process for the Doctorate Degree in Nursing  involves the following:

• Identify universities/nursing colleges approved by INC/UGC and check eligibility.
• Apply for national, state, university or college-level entrance tests
• Appear for a written exam comprising nursing research, concepts, etc.
• Shortlisted candidates undergo personal interview round
• Merit list is prepared based on entrance score and interview marks
• Complete admission formalities after selection.

Eligibility Criteria

The eligibility criteria for admission are:

• Postgraduate degree in Nursing (MSc/MPhil) from a recognised institute
• Minimum 55% aggregate marks required in master’s degree
• Registered Nurse and Midwife (RNM) license
• Entrance exam score 

Entrance Exams for PhD Nursing

The primary nursing PhD entrance examinations are:

• National Level: INCET conducted by the Indian Nursing Council
• University Level: AIIMS, JIPMER, BHU Nursing Entrance Tests
• State Level: Kerala, Tamil Naud, Rajasthan, MP Nursing Entrance Exams
• Individual College Tests.

Preparation Tips for Doctorate in Nursing Entrance

To prepare effectively for nursing PhD entrance exams:

• Thoroughly study the exam pattern, topics, weightage
• Refer to previous years’ question papers and analyze weak areas
• Practice mock tests to assess the level of preparation
• Focus more on nursing research, education, biostatistics
• Revise nursing concepts, theories, fundamentals and processes
• Work on speed to complete the paper within the allotted time

How to Get Admission to Top Nursing Colleges?

To gain admission to top nursing colleges for a doctorate degree in nursing

• Research well about faculty research facilities before applying
• Target colleges offering doctoral programs in your specialization
• Maximize entrance exam scores through rigorous practice
• Prepare well for the interview round with updated subject knowledge
• Draft a strong SOP highlighting research interests, achievements
• Good academic record and relevant work experience give an edge.

Top Nursing Colleges/Universities in India

Some of the best colleges for Doctorate in Nursing in India are:

• AIIMS Delhi
• RAK College of Nursing, Delhi
• CMC Vellore
• Dr. MGR Institute of Technological University Tamil Nadu
• Dr MGR Health University Coimbatore
• Savita University
• Meenakshi University
• Veltech University Chennai
• NUINS Mumbai
• MCON Bhubaneswar

Contact Us for PhD Nursing Admission Support in Tamil Nadu, Karntaka and North India 

Top Nursing Colleges Comparison

Here’s a comparison of the top 3 nursing colleges for PhD programs:

Duration of PhD in Nursing in India

The minimum duration of PhD nursing programs in India is three years full-time and four years part-time. The maximum time allowed is five years. The 3-year period comprises 1-2 years of coursework and 1-2 years for research and thesis writing. For a part-time PhD, the timeline is extended to 4-5 years. The university only grants extensions beyond the maximum period under exceptional circumstances.

PhD Nursing Specialities

Below are some of the Top Nursing PhD Programs .

• Community Health Nursing Focuses on community and public health nursing research. Involves studies on community-level healthcare practices, policies, health promotion, and disease prevention.
• Medical Surgical Nursing – Specialization in acute, chronic, and critical care nursing research. Includes studies on advanced interventions, patient management, technologies, and healthcare models for severely ill patients.
• Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing – Research on women’s reproductive health, midwifery, high-risk pregnancy, fertility, gynecological disorders, etc.
• Pediatric Nursing – Research centered around child health, developmental needs, nursing care models, and issues like malnutrition, immunization, etc.
• Psychiatric/Mental Health Nursing – Research on psychiatric disorders, mental health issues, counselling models, stress management, coping mechanisms, etc, to improve mental well-being.
• Geriatric Nursing – Focuses research on nursing care of the elderly, age-related conditions, and psychological, social, and behavioral aspects of aging patients.
• Oncology Nursing – Research on various cancers, treatment modalities, palliative care, pain management, psychosocial care, effects, and outcomes in cancer patients.

Specializations are chosen based on the research interests of the PhD candidate. Specialized courses, clinical practice, and thesis work are tailored to the selected nursing specialty.

Difference Between Part-time and Full-time PhD in Nursing

Here is a comparison between part-time and full-time PhD nursing programs:

In summary, a part-time PhD allows working nurses to complete their research degree over an extended timeline by dedicating limited weekly hours. A full-time program requires extensive time commitment but enables faster research progress for fresh MSc Nursing graduates.

Send Your Enquiry   for  Part- Time PhD Nursing Admission Support in Tamil Nadu, Karntaka and North India.

Doctorate in Nursing and DNSc Nursing Courses Comparison

Below is a comparison between PhD and DNSc nursing degrees:

Jobs after Earning a Doctorate Degree in Nursing

A Doctorate Degree in Nursing leads to lucrative career options such as:

• Nursing Faculty and Professor
• Clinical Specialist
• Director of Nursing
• Nurse Practitioner
• Healthcare Administrator
• Nurse Researcher
• Nursing Superintendent of Hospital
• Consultant at Hospitals, Healthcare agencies

Future Scope of Nursing Doctorate Programs

Nursing Doctorate holders have excellent prospects, including:

• Increased demand for PhD nurses as faculty, researchers and specialists
• Opportunity to take up leadership roles in healthcare organizations
• Clinical career growth by expanding competencies through research
• Avenues for evidence-based enhancement of patient care policies
• Potential to start own consultant service or nursing education enterprise
• Scope for appointments in policy-making bodies nationally and globally.

Doctorate in Nursing- FAQs

Q1. How long does it take to complete a PhD in nursing in India?

Ans. PhD nursing programs in India usually take at least three years to complete, including coursework and thesis.

Q2. What is the eligibility for Ph.D. nursing admission?

Ans. An MSc nursing degree with a minimum of 55% aggregate marks is required to qualify for nursing doctorate programs.

Q3. Is there any entrance exam for  a doctorate in nursing ?

Ans. Yes, clearing a national or university-level nursing entrance exam is mandatory for nursing doctorate programs.

Q4. Is  a doctorate in nursing  necessary to work as a lecturer?

Ans. No, But a Doctorate in Nursing is mandatory to become a professor and senior faculty in teaching.

Q5. After MSc Nursing, can I do PhD?

Ans: Yes, nurses who have completed their MSc in Nursing are eligible to pursue a PhD in Nursing after their postgraduate degree. The minimum eligibility criteria for admission to PhD nursing programs in India are having an MSc Nursing degree with at least 55% aggregate marks. An MSc Nursing degree provides the required foundation to pursue research-based doctoral programs.  Also Check, Part time PhD Programs in India

Q6. Is it possible to do PhD after BSc nursing?

Ans: No, a BSc Nursing degree alone is not sufficient to directly pursue PhD in Nursing. One must complete a Master’s degree in Nursing (MSc ) after BSc to be eligible for admission to doctoral programs. MSc Nursing is the minimal educational requirement to pursue PhD in India.

Final Thoughts: In summary, a doctorate in nursing is the highest degree in nursing that provides many higher-level opportunities for nurses in India and abroad in research and healthcare settings.

Contact Us for PhD Nursing Admission (Part Time & Full Time) Support in Tamil Nadu, Karntaka and North India.  We Also Provide Thesis Writing Guidance and Paper Publication.

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Top PhD Nursing Colleges in India 2024

Found 34 Colleges Clear All

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• Karnataka (4)
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• Dehradun (4)
• Udaipur (1)
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• Gurgaon (1)
• Lucknow (1)
• Namakkal (1)
• Chennai (1)

Program Mode

• Offline (34)
• Private (20)

Exams Accepted

• JEE Main (4)
• NEET PG (3)
• NEET MDS (3)
• MAH MBA/MMS CET (1)
• IGNOU OPENMAT (1)

Course Type

• Doctorate (34)
• Less than 1 Lakh (13)
• 1 to 2 Lakhs (3)

Hamdard University

Delhi, Delhi NCR

Average Fees

No. of Courses Offered

Median Salary

Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune

Pune, Maharashtra

Mangalayatan University

Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh

CLAT, GATE,

IGNOU OPENMAT,

Swami Rama Himalayan University

Dehradun, Uttarakhand

CAT, NEET, NEET PG, +1

• Infrastructure

Anand, Gujarat

CMAT, GATE, GPAT, GUJCET, JEE Main, +3

Era University

Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh

CMJ University

Ri-Bhoi, Meghalaya

NITTE University

Mangalore, Karnataka

NATA, NEET,

SVU - Shri Venkateshwara University

Jyotiba Phule Nagar, Uttar Pradesh

Padmashree Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Navi Mumbai

Mumbai, Maharashtra

CAT, JEE Main, NATA, NEET, NEET MDS, +3

Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation - VMU

Salem, Tamil Nadu

Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences

Malkapur, Maharashtra

NEET, NEET MDS,

Tantia University

Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan

KLE University

Belagavi, Karnataka

IIS University

Jaipur, Rajasthan

Faridkot, Punjab

Geetanjali University

Udaipur, Rajasthan

NEET, NEET PG,

SGT University

Gurgaon, Haryana

JEE Main, NEET, NIFT, SGTUEE, +2

J.K.K Munirajah Medical Research Foundation, Annai J.K.K. Sampoorani Ammal College of Nursing

Namakkal, Tamil Nadu

AIIMS Rishikesh

National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences

Bangalore, Karnataka

People's University

Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh

CAT, GATE, NEET, NEET MDS, +2

MIOT International Hospital

Chennai, Tamil Nadu

MGM Institute of Health Sciences

Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences

Ahmednagar, Maharashtra

Adhiparasakthi College Of Nursing

Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu

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Why hundreds of nursing graduates leave India each year

Despite an increase in nursing colleges and schools, policy gaps, lax regulations, and poor pay are pushing a large number of nurses abroad

Shradha Chettri | May 24, 2024 | 04:57 PM IST

NEW DELHI: Sherin, 35 and a mother of two, has been working as a staff nurse at a private hospital in Kolkata for 15 years. Originally from Kerala, Sherin completed her General Nursing and Midwifery (GNM) education from Nightingale Institute of Nursing in Bengaluru, Karnataka. For six months now, she’s been preparing for the Occupational English Test (OET), an exam which assesses the language proficiency of healthcare professionals to help them migrate to foreign countries.

“Nowadays, we nurses are treated as servants, there is no respect and no proper work hours,” lamented Sherin, explaining her decision. She isn’t alone in seeking a better life abroad. Thousands of nursing graduates have similar ambitions and despite producing a large number of qualified nurses each year, there’s still a shortage in the country.

Union health ministry data from 2019 shows that India has 1.7 nurses per 1,000 population; the World Health Organization (WHO) norm is three per 1,000. Around 2 million nurses are required to fill this shortage. WHO estimates that globally, approximately 9 million more nurses will be required by 2030.

Data from the regulator, Indian Nursing Council (INC), shows sharp growth in the number of nursing education institutions in the last five years. Health minister Mansukh Mandaviya told the Lok Sabha in August 2023 that from 2014 to March 2023, the number of nursing institutes had grown by 36% and undergraduate seats by almost 40%.

After the COVID-19 pandemic, demand for Indian nurses has grown. Educators say if the government does not step in now to regulate and ensure quality, it will be too late. The sector needs investment, a regulatory framework to ensure pay parity, and positions for those with specialisation.

Sonali Tarachand Jadhav, principal, Ramaiah Institute of Nursing Education and Research, Bengaluru, put things into perspective: “We are not respecting our nurses. When we talk about health, the first set of people who come to mind are doctors. But if one looks at the data on healthcare human resources, 50% are nurses, the largest chunk. The remaining 50% includes doctors, paramedics and others.”

As per INC Nursing Council data, in 2016-2017, there were 20,43,289 registered nurses (RN) and registered midwives (RM) and 8,56,984 auxiliary nurse and midwives (ANM). By December 2022, there were 25,46,327 RN and RM and 9,96,962 ANM.

Also read 'Bonded Labour’: Karnataka’s private medical college students in a fix over mandatory rural service rule

Nursing courses, colleges, schools

In India, there are two types of nursing education institutions – nursing schools and nursing colleges. Both provide undergraduate and postgraduate courses. The ANM is a two-year diploma course; GNM, a three-year UG course; the BSc Nursing degree is a four-year programme; and the post-basic BSc Nursing, a two-year UG course for registered nurses. At the PG level, there are MSc Nursing and post-basic diploma in nursing.

Nursing schools offer GNM courses, and colleges BSc Nursing and other courses. In 2018-19, the course of Nurse Practitioner in Critical Care was launched.

Annual reports of the nursing council show an increase in the number of institutes. To give an example for BSc nursing, the sharpest increase happened over 2000-2005, when the number of institutes offering it jumped by 1,156.66%. From 2010 to 2015, the number of institutes grew by 27.54%. Over 2015-20, the growth stood at 18.11% and over 2020-23 (three years) it has been 11.67%, say the annual reports.

Number of nursing institutes: Past 6 years

Educators say the fluctuation in numbers could be due to tightening regulations by the INC or institutions failing to meet norms related to facilities or teacher-student ratio.

Judith Angelitta Noronha, dean, Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal, Karnataka, said: “The council has strict regulations. However, they have given permission for colleges with clinical facilities to enhance the seats and the government has given approval to start another 150 new nursing educational institutions in 2023.”

Nursing colleges: Lopsided distribution, ownership

Nursing institutions are not uniformly distributed. In 2023, The Hindu reported that there are no nursing colleges in 40% of districts and that 42% of nursing institutions are concentrated in the five southern states with the western states accounting for 17%. Data from 2022-23 shows that Maharashtra has the highest number – 713, followed by Karnataka at 668.

This has meant students moving out of their home states to study. “In my institute, the majority of the students are from West Bengal and Kerala. Earlier it used to be mostly from Kerala, but now the state also has a large number of nursing institutes,” said Jadhav. West Bengal students also travel to Bihar and Jharkhand.

More than 85% of institutes are privately-owned.

Nursing colleges: Ownership pattern

Source: INC annual reports

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Impact on nursing students

The dominance of the private sector has meant a high cost of nursing education . In a private institute in Karnataka, a BSc Nursing course can cost Rs 10-15 lakh for four years. Some also question the quality of instruction.

Aayushi Mahat, an associate professor at a private nursing institute in West Bengal, said: “We have seen several students who graduate from certain colleges in Karnataka and they do not know the basics. More than the students, the institutes are to be blamed because many of them do not have medical hospitals attached and students are left to fend for themselves even during the mandatory internship period in the last year of the course. As the admission process begins late in Bengal, many prefer to go to other states.”

Students studying in other states often find it difficult to get registered with their own state nursing councils. Sushmita Lepcha, working as a senior nurse facilitator at a Kolkata private hospital for seven years, graduated from Jai Nursing Institute in Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh. She has been unable to get herself registered as a nurse.

“The West Bengal Nursing Council’s examination is differently checked. In Gwalior, the weightage is 50% internal and 50% theory, while in Bengal they say it’s 75% theory and 25% practical. That is the reason I have not been able to get registered in my own state. INC also has no rules on it,” said Lepcha.

In her GNM course in Gwalior, there were 60 students, most from West Bengal. They are all unregistered and that is getting in the way of migration abroad as well.

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Migration of nurses

There is no government data on the migration of nurses. Kerala is widely believed to be the state sending the most nurses abroad.

The paper, Review of International Migration of Nurses from the State of Kerala, India, by Health Systems Research India Initiative Trust and WHO, says that the total number of nurses who migrated from Kerala through Overseas Development & Employment Promotion Consultants (ODEPC) from April 2018 to March 2021 was 1,216.

“Migration during 2020-2021 was twice the number in 2018–2019, though there was a 25% dip in 2019-2020. During this period, migration to the United Kingdom and UAE increased by 15.4 times and 3.3 times respectively but reduced towards Saudi Arabia to about one third. Even then, the number of out-migration was more than double that of those who returned home from abroad,” says the paper.

Though Kerala remains on top, a WHO report says that the hotspot of migration has shifted to north India especially, Punjab. Jadhav added, “Now with UK relaxing norms for clinical experience, we are going to see a lot more students moving out.”

Jadhav surveyed 1,408 nursing students from Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra and Rajasthan in 2021 for the study, The Sociodemographic Characteristics of Indian Nursing Students and Their Intentions to Migrate Overseas for Work. “54% of the respondents intended to migrate overseas. Better career advancement opportunities, better working conditions, higher pay, better lifestyle, were the reasons cited,” she said.

Nursing salary

In India, the starting salary of a nursing graduate ranges from Rs 10,000 to Rs 15,000 per month. The union government had recommended a minimum wage of Rs 20,000 per month for nurses in private hospitals. Following that, each state sets a minimum wage for nurses. But whether one is a GNM or a BSc nurse, the pay is about the same. Most BSc graduates end up working as staff nurses themselves and some teach, pursuing MSc and now even PhD.

Even at Manipal, almost 85% of the graduates leave the country within two years. “We graduate 100 BSc Nursing students per year. For the last three years, we have a record of 100% placement. Within two years, 85% of our graduates are placed abroad. Only those who wish to remain in India and take up government jobs or decide to be in the country stay back,” said Noronha.

Government jobs are limited , which explains the increased competition and coaching for AIIMS NORCET and other recruitment exams. The starting salary for nursing officers in All India Institute of Medical Sciences ranges from Rs 62,700 to Rs 1,00,000, depending upon experience.

Lepcha said, “Almost 80% of nurses working in my hospital are preparing for OET. However, it is a difficult exam to clear and the fee is Rs. 35,000. Exposure to the English language acts as a hindrance.” Lepcha, who belongs to a Scheduled Tribe, could have secured a government job but being unregistered has caused a problem.

Apart from the OET, the nurses also appear for the Commission on Graduates of Foreign Nursing School (CGFNS) for travelling to the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Ireland and New Zealand, and the National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX) for the US.

As per statistics from the National Council of State Boards of Nursing, US, 4,268 Indians appeared for the 2022 NCLEX – the second-largest contingent after the Philippines and more than double the number to write the 2021 exam.

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Nursing education: Way forward

Educators say it is the time for the government to form policies relating to scope of work, pay and working conditions, and establish norms for nurse-patient ratios to retain talent.

Jadhav said, “It is high time the country needs to understand the importance of task shifting, task sharing. Getting nurses to do technical jobs only in the purview of doctors can be crucial. I have a colleague who moved to the UK who is working as a nurse radiographer, and has learnt how to do sonography. She already knew obstetrics and gynaecology. It is important that pay sales should also mention scope of work as per the qualification. Nurses can work in OPD, ICU. If that is done, pay regulation will also come into place.”

Adding to that, Noronha said, “Salary structures in private and government sectors need to be similar. Working hours of nurses globally are 36 hours with option for overtime. However, in this country, it is 48 hours with no overtime. Salary package in other countries is five times higher.”

Educators also highlight the need for having specialised nurses. Almost 10 years ago, PG diploma courses in neonatal nursing, orthopaedic nursing and 12 such programmes across specialities had been introduced. But with no takers the courses were closed.

“Creating a nursing programme and rolling out through an apex body is not going to help, we will have to create that supporting framework by creating positions for people who take up the course, ensuring standards for the programme. Most of them have no jobs despite the specialisation. If the government doesn’t intervene, the nurse practitioners course in critical care will die,” added Jadhav.

Talking about the need to update the curriculum regularly, Venkatesan Balu, principal of GITAM Institute of Nursing, Visakhapatnam, said, “Nursing education curriculum should be regularly updated to reflect advancements in healthcare practices, technology, and patient care.”

Noronha pointed to another problem, “The number of graduates opting to pursue their postgraduate education has declined,” she said. “The placement of postgraduate nurses in specialised clinical fields with increased salary packages is the need of the hour.”

But Mahat feels “it is more important to monitor the quality of institutes in the country”. She said: “Transparency needs to be established in the regulation part as well. Investment in nursing education by the government is prime and hopefully the announcement of 157 nursing colleges in partnership with the state and central govt will come soon.”

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Government initiatives

In 2023, Mandaviya had said that the requirement of a 100-bed parent hospital has been relaxed for hilly and tribal areas, to encourage the states to start nursing institutes. Student-teacher and student-patient ratios were also relaxed and super-speciality hospitals were allowed to start MSc Nursing programmes even if they didn’t offer a BSc.

Under the centre’s scheme ‘Development of Nursing Services’, grants are given to states and UTs to upgrade schools of nursing into colleges.

In August 2023, the National Nursing and Midwifery Commission (NNMC) Bill, 2023, was passed. Under the NNMC Act, a National Nursing and Midwifery Commission and Autonomous Boards at the national level would be established. Corresponding State Nursing and Midwifery Commissions will also be set up to regulate and maintain education and service standards, oversee professional conduct, and manage online and live registers. It also states that the commission will implement a standardised admission process to ensure consistency across nursing education among others.

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Madhya Pradesh govt announces entrance exam for admission in nursing colleges

The Madhya Pradesh government has taken a stringent stance on the nursing college scam. In response to the scandal, the government has made a significant decision: entrance exams for nursing will now be conducted in a manner similar to those for engineering and medical fields.

Chief Minister Mohan Yadav held a meeting with several senior officials on Saturday on this issue. The CM has taken several major decisions in the meeting. He warned that all officers and employees involved in irregularities would be sacked and action would be taken against the then registrar and secretary of the Nursing Council.

Committee to be formed

It has also been decided in the meeting that a commission will be constituted in the state as per the Centre's Nursing Act and now the National Commission will also give recognition to the new nursing college.

In an X post, the Chief Minister said that instructions have been given to take tough action in all cases of irregularities in nursing educational institutions.  "Instructions have been given to take strict action in all cases of irregularities in nursing teaching institutions. The services of all the officers and employees involved in this will be terminated. On the lines of engineering and medical, nursing students will have to appear for the examination at the state level. A commission will be formed in the state as per the Centre's Nursing Act. In the future, the National Commission will give recognition to nursing institutions. Also, action will be taken against the then registrar and secretary of the Nursing Council. Such irregularities will not be tolerated at all," he said.

What was the matter?

After irregularities were found in the recognition of nursing colleges in Madhya Pradesh, the entire matter was investigated by the High Court. During this investigation, it was discovered that the local CBI officials, who were entrusted with the investigation, had taken bribes. Subsequently, the Delhi CBI team took action against these officials, and now the entire matter is under thorough investigation. The investigation has so far revealed that some nursing colleges, which existed only on paper, were granted recognition in exchange for money. Approximately 159 such colleges are currently under investigation.

In the nursing college scam case in Madhya Pradesh, the Delhi CBI team took action against two CBI officers in Bhopal following an investigation and registered an FIR against them. Consequently, both CBI officers were dismissed from their positions. Additionally, FIRs have been registered against several other individuals involved in the recognition of the nursing college.

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General election latest: Major Tory policy has likely been 'under wraps for some time'; PM to shun Saints to campaign

The home secretary outlined a surprising major Tory proposal to reintroduce National Service on Sky News this morning. Party insiders think the plan has been "under wraps for some time". Elsewhere, the PM will not watch his football team at Wembley as he continues to campaign.

Sunday 26 May 2024 14:21, UK

• General Election 2024

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General election called for 4 July

• PM vows to introduce National Service  | But no threat of jail time  | Pledge 'start of election campaign proper'
• Labour pledges to reignite Sunak's proposed smoking ban
• Sunak not going to Southampton's playoff final
• Farage challenged on 'offensive' comments about British Muslims
• Starmer confirms support for extending voting age to 16
• PM agrees to take part in Sky News leaders' event on one condition
• Live reporting by Tim Baker and  Brad Young

Expert analysis

• Tamara Cohen: Farage's incendiary claims a question for Reform
• Adam Boulton: Why PM's big bet on security likely won't pay off
• Deborah Haynes : Next PM will have no time to play politics with defence
• Sam Coates: Gove stepping down shows political winds are shifting

Election essentials

• Trackers: Who's leading polls? | Is PM keeping promises?
• Subscribe to Sky's politics podcasts: Electoral Dysfunction | Politics At Jack And Sam's
• Read more: What happens next? | Which MPs are standing down? | Key seats to watch | How to register to vote | What counts as voter ID? | Check if your constituency's changing | Sky's coverage plans

Rachel Reeves, the shadow chancellor, has been doing a campaign visit from West Yorkshire this afternoon.

She gives what will shortly become her recognisable stump speech - commenting on how it is "time to turn the page on 14 years of chaos and decline" with the Conservatives.

She adds that economic growth is "on its knees" - but Labour has a plan "to turn things around".

Ms Reeves highlights there have been five prime ministers, seven chancellors and 12 plans for growth since 2010.

The Labour front bencher adds that she will create a national wealth fund to invest in jobs and industry, with a "modern industrial strategy that businesses can get behind".

She pledges to "never play fast and loose with the public finances".

Sky News has been speaking to people from across the political spectrum about the announcement today on National Service plans being proposed by the Conservatives.

Paul Goodman, the former editor of the Conservative Home website, says: "Well, this is the start of the election campaign proper.

"I think we're now getting to the point where the two parties will begin to unveil their policies - and I would expect more from the Conservatives this week."

On the policy itself, Mr Goodman suggests there is a lot of support for some form of National Service, and this was researched by a former thinktank director who is now in government.

This suggests it has been "under wraps for some time" as a plan.

Meanwhile, Tom Belger, the editor of Labour List, says the plan is an "unfunded gimmick". 

He adds that the government has had 14 years to come up with ideas.

But he conceded that Labour should not be ruling out a version of the pledge "per se" - but maybe should be "pushing back" on the "fixation of the armed forces".

Rishi Sunak grew up in Southampton and supports the city's football team.

He went to his team's play-off semi-final as they fight for promotion from the Championship.

But he will not be at Wembley today as the Saints take on Leeds United, with the final slot in the Premier League next season up for grabs.

Instead, it is understood that he will be meeting voters in the South East, the PA news agency has been told.

Sources close to the prime minister said he will still be paying attention to the score of the match, which kicks off at 3pm.

Pictures showed Mr Sunak was campaigning in North West London, within a few miles of Wembley Stadium, on the Sunday. 

By Deborah Haynes , security and defence editor

The prime minister appears to have had a belated epiphany about the critical importance of defence - and now even National Service.

It was just four months ago that Rishi Sunak's spokesperson slapped down the outgoing head of the army for advocating the need for civilians to be trained to fight given the dangers of living in what the defence secretary has called "a pre-war world".

General Sir Patrick Sanders had simply been using a speech to state a blunt reality - war and preparing for war is a whole-nation effort as demonstrated daily by Russia's invasion of Ukraine, where Ukrainian citizen soldiers are fighting and dying on the frontline.

Rather than support him, a Downing Street spokesperson at the time said that "hypothetical scenarios" involving possible wars were "not helpful" and ruled out any move towards a conscription model for the military.

Admiral Sir Tony Radakin, the chief of the defence staff, and David Williams, the top civil servant at the Ministry of Defence (MoD), apparently even summoned General Sanders for a dressing down over the remarks.

But the army chief had not been suggesting conscription then - just as the prime minister is not doing so now.

He had simply been talking about the need for civilians to be ready to serve.

Given that context, Mr Sunak's sudden announcement that he would introduce a new form of National Service for 18-year-olds, including the chance to spend 12 months serving in the armed forces, sent eyebrows within the MoD soaring skyward.

"Deeply cynical," was the verdict of one insider.

Another told Sky News: "This is a policy surprise to me. I haven't seen it discussed in the Ministry of Defence."

Read more from Deborah here :

As every, people from across the spectrum are commenting on the most recent announcements in the general election.

One interesting take comes from Chris Wilkins, who was a strategy director and speechwriter for Theresa May when she was in Downing Street.

Writing on X, he panned the National Service plan - saying that "the cynicism of selling a sop to older voters as some kind of pro young person policy is simply breathtaking".

A former Tory cabinet minister has warned Rishi Sunak he will hand the election to Labour if he makes "any more gaffes".

The senior Conservative told the Telegraph the prime minister needed to sharpen up and show "humility, not arrogance" on the campaign trail.

"We can't afford any more gaffes like the ones he's had, standing in the rain and getting in a muddle with the football," they told the newspaper.

"He's just got to sharpen up, his team has got to sharpen up."

The prime minister launched his campaign by calling an election in the pouring rain on Wednesday, leading him to joke he hadn't caught pneumonia and did not know what state his suit was in.

To make matters worse, protestors disrupted the announcement by blaring the D:Ream's hit single Things Can Only Get Better, widely associated with Labour's 1997 landslide victory.

The next day, Mr Sunak asked workers at a Welsh brewery if they were looking forward to "the football" - even though their team had not qualified for the European Championships.

A visit to the Titanic Quarter in Belfast invited a "sinking ship" comparison with his party's fortunes from a reporter.

And an image taken of him standing beneath his campaign plane's exit sign also drew derision from some commentators.

"We can't afford any more slip-ups, that's just handing it to Starmer," the Conservative minister told the Telegraph.

"He really needs to get out there, all guns blazing, very professionally but also get out and talk to real people, and not staged events. I want humility, not arrogance, and a sense that we're moving forward."

Since Rishi Sunak called the election on Wednesday, pollsters and surveyors have been taking the temperature of public opinion.

One example of this is by YouGov, who asked 2,072 people on Thursday and Friday for their thoughts on the upcoming vote.

They discovered that a greater proportion of people would be "disappointed" or "dismayed" with the prospect of a Conservative victory under Rishi Sunak than a Labour victory under Jeremy Corbyn in 2019.

Some 59% of those quizzed said they would be unhappy with Mr Sunak winning.

In 2019, 52% felt similarly about Mr Corbyn.

And in further bad news for the current prime minister, only 38% of people who voted Tory in 2019 would be happy to see them reelected.

Once again, immigration was the subject of election debate this morning, with James Cleverly claiming Labour plans to scrap the Rwanda scheme were "reckless".

Millions of pounds has been spent on the Rwanda deal without any deportation flights getting off the ground – and Mr Sunak has admitted they won't before the election.

We've since had updated figures on people arriving on small boats, after they surpassed 10,000 this year on Friday.

Another 227 arrived yesterday on four boats, government data shows, bringing the total to 10,397.

Shadow immigration minister Stephen Kinnock has said if Labour was elected the party would "take the action required to tackle this chaos".

Amnesty International warned the figures were a "stark reminder that the government's flagrant attack on the rights to refugees is not only unlawful and immoral, it is ineffective even on its own terms", demanding the prime minister make safe routes available to tackle crossings.

Rachel Reeves, who is Labour's shadow chancellor, has ruled out increasing the two main levies on income.

Speaking to the BBC, she says that everything in her party's manifesto will have an explanation for where the money to pay for it will come from.

Ms Reeves added: "What I want and Keir [Starmer] wants is taxes on working people to be lower and we certainly won't be increasing income tax or national insurance if we win at the election."

The Labour Party has said it will raise some tariffs, with Ms Reeves saying: "We've made those commitments so VAT and business rates on private schools, private equity bosses being taxed properly on their bonuses, an extension of the windfall tax so the energy profits are properly taxed, ensuring non-doms pay their fair share of tax in the country they live in, and also cracking down on tax avoidance – which is costing our economy billions of pounds every year." 

Our political correspondent Tamara Cohen   has been giving her reaction to Nigel Farage's appearance on Sunday Morning With Trevor Phillips.

He was challenged by Trevor about his comments about British Muslims, having suggested there's a "growing number" of young people in the UK who don't subscribe to British values.

He pointed to pro-Palestine protests as an example.

You can read more of the pair's exchange in our 9.42 post .

Tamara says there will be "a lot of pushback" against Mr Farage's "highly incendiary claims" this morning.

But she says it's also a question for the leadership of his party, Reform.

Mr Farage isn't standing in the general election but has said he will campaign for the party, led by Richard Tice.

Sky News will be asking the leadership if Mr Farage's position is one it agrees with.

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