argumentative essay for brain drain

CBSE Class 10th
CBSE Class 12th
UP Board 10th
UP Board 12th
Bihar Board 10th
Bihar Board 12th
Top Schools in India
Top Schools in Delhi
Top Schools in Mumbai
Top Schools in Chennai
Top Schools in Hyderabad
Top Schools in Kolkata
Top Schools in Pune
Top Schools in Bangalore

Products & Resources

JEE Main Knockout April
Free Sample Papers
Free Ebooks
NCERT Notes
NCERT Syllabus
NCERT Books
RD Sharma Solutions
Navodaya Vidyalaya Admission 2024-25
NCERT Solutions
NCERT Solutions for Class 12
NCERT Solutions for Class 11
NCERT solutions for Class 10
NCERT solutions for Class 9
NCERT solutions for Class 8
NCERT Solutions for Class 7
JEE Main 2024
MHT CET 2024
JEE Advanced 2024
BITSAT 2024
View All Engineering Exams
Colleges Accepting B.Tech Applications
Top Engineering Colleges in India
Engineering Colleges in India
Engineering Colleges in Tamil Nadu
Engineering Colleges Accepting JEE Main
Top IITs in India
Top NITs in India
Top IIITs in India
JEE Main College Predictor
JEE Main Rank Predictor
MHT CET College Predictor
AP EAMCET College Predictor
GATE College Predictor
KCET College Predictor
JEE Advanced College Predictor
View All College Predictors
JEE Advanced Cutoff
JEE Main Cutoff
JEE Advanced Answer Key
JEE Advanced Result
Download E-Books and Sample Papers
Compare Colleges
B.Tech College Applications
KCET Result
MAH MBA CET Exam
View All Management Exams

Colleges & Courses

MBA College Admissions
MBA Colleges in India
Top IIMs Colleges in India
Top Online MBA Colleges in India
MBA Colleges Accepting XAT Score
BBA Colleges in India
XAT College Predictor 2024
SNAP College Predictor
NMAT College Predictor
MAT College Predictor 2024
CMAT College Predictor 2024
CAT Percentile Predictor 2023
CAT 2023 College Predictor
CMAT 2024 Answer Key
TS ICET 2024 Hall Ticket
CMAT Result 2024
MAH MBA CET Cutoff 2024
Download Helpful Ebooks
List of Popular Branches
QnA - Get answers to your doubts
IIM Fees Structure
AIIMS Nursing
Top Medical Colleges in India
Top Medical Colleges in India accepting NEET Score
Medical Colleges accepting NEET
List of Medical Colleges in India
List of AIIMS Colleges In India
Medical Colleges in Maharashtra
Medical Colleges in India Accepting NEET PG
NEET College Predictor
NEET PG College Predictor
NEET MDS College Predictor
NEET Rank Predictor
DNB PDCET College Predictor
NEET Result 2024
NEET Asnwer Key 2024
NEET Cut off
NEET Online Preparation
Download Helpful E-books
Colleges Accepting Admissions
Top Law Colleges in India
Law College Accepting CLAT Score
List of Law Colleges in India
Top Law Colleges in Delhi
Top NLUs Colleges in India
Top Law Colleges in Chandigarh
Top Law Collages in Lucknow

Predictors & E-Books

CLAT College Predictor
MHCET Law ( 5 Year L.L.B) College Predictor
AILET College Predictor
Sample Papers
Compare Law Collages
Careers360 Youtube Channel
CLAT Syllabus 2025
CLAT Previous Year Question Paper
NID DAT Exam
Pearl Academy Exam

Predictors & Articles

NIFT College Predictor
UCEED College Predictor
NID DAT College Predictor
NID DAT Syllabus 2025
NID DAT 2025
Design Colleges in India
Top NIFT Colleges in India
Fashion Design Colleges in India
Top Interior Design Colleges in India
Top Graphic Designing Colleges in India
Fashion Design Colleges in Delhi
Fashion Design Colleges in Mumbai
Top Interior Design Colleges in Bangalore
NIFT Result 2024
NIFT Fees Structure
NIFT Syllabus 2025
Free Design E-books
List of Branches
Careers360 Youtube channel
IPU CET BJMC
JMI Mass Communication Entrance Exam
IIMC Entrance Exam
Media & Journalism colleges in Delhi
Media & Journalism colleges in Bangalore
Media & Journalism colleges in Mumbai
List of Media & Journalism Colleges in India
CA Intermediate
CA Foundation
CS Executive
CS Professional
Difference between CA and CS
Difference between CA and CMA
CA Full form
CMA Full form
CS Full form
CA Salary In India

Top Courses & Careers

Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com)
Master of Commerce (M.Com)
Company Secretary
Cost Accountant
Charted Accountant
Credit Manager
Financial Advisor
Top Commerce Colleges in India
Top Government Commerce Colleges in India
Top Private Commerce Colleges in India
Top M.Com Colleges in Mumbai
Top B.Com Colleges in India
IT Colleges in Tamil Nadu
IT Colleges in Uttar Pradesh
MCA Colleges in India
BCA Colleges in India

Diploma Colleges

Top Diploma Colleges in Maharashtra
UPSC IAS 2024
SSC CGL 2024
IBPS RRB 2024
Previous Year Sample Papers
Free Competition E-books
Sarkari Result
QnA- Get your doubts answered
UPSC Previous Year Sample Papers
CTET Previous Year Sample Papers
SBI Clerk Previous Year Sample Papers
NDA Previous Year Sample Papers

Upcoming Events

NDA Application Form 2024
UPSC IAS Application Form 2024
CDS Application Form 2024
CTET Admit card 2024
HP TET Result 2023
SSC GD Constable Admit Card 2024
UPTET Notification 2024
SBI Clerk Result 2024

Other Exams

SSC CHSL 2024
UP PCS 2024
UGC NET 2024
RRB NTPC 2024
IBPS PO 2024
IBPS Clerk 2024
IBPS SO 2024
Top University in USA
Top University in Canada
Top University in Ireland
Top Universities in UK
Top Universities in Australia
Best MBA Colleges in Abroad
Business Management Studies Colleges

Top Countries

Study in USA
Study in UK
Study in Canada
Study in Australia
Study in Ireland
Study in Germany
Study in China
Study in Europe

Student Visas

Student Visa Canada
Student Visa UK
Student Visa USA
Student Visa Australia
Student Visa Germany
Student Visa New Zealand
Student Visa Ireland
CUET PG 2024
IGNOU B.Ed Admission 2024
DU Admission 2024
UP B.Ed JEE 2024
LPU NEST 2024
IIT JAM 2024
IGNOU Online Admission 2024
Universities in India
Top Universities in India 2024
Top Colleges in India
Top Universities in Uttar Pradesh 2024
Top Universities in Bihar
Top Universities in Madhya Pradesh 2024
Top Universities in Tamil Nadu 2024
Central Universities in India
CUET DU Cut off 2024
IGNOU Date Sheet
CUET DU CSAS Portal 2024
CUET Response Sheet 2024
CUET Result 2024
CUET Participating Universities 2024
CUET Previous Year Question Paper
CUET Syllabus 2024 for Science Students
E-Books and Sample Papers
CUET Exam Pattern 2024
CUET Exam Date 2024
CUET Cut Off 2024
CUET Exam Analysis 2024
IGNOU Exam Form 2024
CUET PG Counselling 2024
CUET Answer Key 2024

Engineering Preparation

Knockout JEE Main 2024
Test Series JEE Main 2024
JEE Main 2024 Rank Booster

Medical Preparation

Knockout NEET 2024
Test Series NEET 2024
Rank Booster NEET 2024

Online Courses

JEE Main One Month Course
NEET One Month Course
IBSAT Free Mock Tests
IIT JEE Foundation Course
Knockout BITSAT 2024
Career Guidance Tool

Top Streams

IT & Software Certification Courses
Engineering and Architecture Certification Courses
Programming And Development Certification Courses
Business and Management Certification Courses
Marketing Certification Courses
Health and Fitness Certification Courses
Design Certification Courses

Specializations

Digital Marketing Certification Courses
Cyber Security Certification Courses
Artificial Intelligence Certification Courses
Business Analytics Certification Courses
Data Science Certification Courses
Cloud Computing Certification Courses
Machine Learning Certification Courses
View All Certification Courses
UG Degree Courses
PG Degree Courses
Short Term Courses
Free Courses
Online Degrees and Diplomas
Compare Courses

Top Providers

Coursera Courses
Udemy Courses
Edx Courses
Swayam Courses
upGrad Courses
Simplilearn Courses
Great Learning Courses

Brain Drain Essay

100 Words Essay On Brain Drain

The term ‘Brain Drain’ is often used to refer to the emigration of highly educated or skilled individuals from one country to another. The loss of these individuals can have negative effects on the native country, including a shortage of qualified workers and deterioration of the quality of education and research. Brain drain can also lead to a brain gain for the receiving country, as it gains access to a larger pool of skilled workers. The most common reason for brain drain is the quest for better opportunities. Workers may leave their home countries in search of higher wages, better working conditions, or more prestigious positions.

200 Words Essay On Brain Drain

500 words essay on brain drain.

Brain drain is a problem that has been plaguing developing countries for years. It occurs when skilled and educated workers leave their home countries to seek better opportunities elsewhere. This often happens because these workers are not able to find good jobs at home, or because they are lured by higher salaries and better working conditions abroad. The problem of brain drain has been rapidly increasing in India, where many skilled workers have left to work in developed countries. This has had a devastating effect on the continent, as it has deprived India of the human resources it needs to develop its economy.

The loss of skilled workers can have serious consequences for a country's economy. When brain drain occurs, it can lead to shortages of qualified workers and a lack of innovation and creativity. This can ultimately hinder a country's ability to compete on the global stage. There are a number of ways to solve the problem of brain drain. One way is to provide better opportunities and jobs for skilled workers in India. Another way is to encourage the Indian diaspora to return home and share their skills and expertise with the people of their home countries and take part in the country’s holistic development.

There are many factors responsible for brain drain, but some of the most common include a lack of opportunities, poor working conditions, and low pay. When talented people are forced to leave their home countries in search of better opportunities elsewhere, it can have a detrimental effect on the country they leave behind. Not only does it deprive the country of their skills and knowledge, but it can also create a brain drain effect, where the best and brightest leave in search of greener pastures, leaving behind a less-qualified workforce.

Factors Responsible For Brain Drain

There are many factors causing brain drain. One of the most common is a lack of opportunity in the home country. When people feel they can not find good jobs or advance their careers in their own countries, they often look elsewhere.

Other factors include political instability, violence, and poverty. In some cases, people may leave their countries because they do not feel safe living there. Additionally, many people who are highly educated and skilled may choose to leave because they can earn more money elsewhere.

Brain drain can also occur when there is a mismatch between the skills required for available jobs and the skills of the workforce. This often happens in developing countries where jobs are growing faster than the education system can keep up with. As a result, many qualified workers leave to find better opportunities elsewhere.

Brain drain can also be caused by political or economic instability in a worker's home country. If a country is undergoing civil unrest or economic turmoil, its citizens may choose to leave in search of stability elsewhere.

Some workers may also leave their home countries in order to escape discrimination or persecution based on factors such as race, religion, or sexual orientation.

Effects Of Brain Drain

When a country experiences brain drain, it is losing its best and brightest minds to other countries. This can have a number of negative effects on the country.

For one, brain drain can lead to a shortage of skilled workers in the country. This can make it difficult for businesses to find the talent they need to grow and prosper. Additionally, brain drain can make it difficult for the country to attract foreign investment.

Furthermore, brain drain can lead to a loss of social and cultural capital. When the best and brightest leave the country, they take with them their skills, knowledge, and experience. This can leave the country at a disadvantage compared to other nations.

Finally, brain drain can have political consequences. The departure of skilled workers can leave the country short-staffed in critical areas such as healthcare and education. Additionally, brain drain can lead to a loss of tax revenue for the government as skilled workers are often among the highest earners in society.

How To Combat Brain Drain | There are many ways to combat brain drain, but some of the most effective include investing in education and training, creating more opportunities for advancement, and providing better working conditions and compensation. By retaining its best and brightest citizens, a country can ensure that its workforce is qualified and able to meet the demands of the ever-changing global economy.

Applications for Admissions are open.

Aakash iACST Scholarship Test 2024

Get up to 90% scholarship on NEET, JEE & Foundation courses

ALLEN Digital Scholarship Admission Test (ADSAT)

JEE Main Important Physics formulas

As per latest 2024 syllabus. Physics formulas, equations, & laws of class 11 & 12th chapters

PW JEE Coaching

Enrol in PW Vidyapeeth center for JEE coaching

PW NEET Coaching

Enrol in PW Vidyapeeth center for NEET coaching

JEE Main Important Chemistry formulas

As per latest 2024 syllabus. Chemistry formulas, equations, & laws of class 11 & 12th chapters

Download Careers360 App's

Regular exam updates, QnA, Predictors, College Applications & E-books now on your Mobile

Certifications

We Appeared in

Talk to our experts

1800-120-456-456

Brain Drain Essay

Essay on Brain Drain

Brain Drain is defined as the emigration or migration of individuals of talents and skills from developing or under-developed countries to developed ones. It means impoverishment of intellectuals, professionals, and technical resources of one country and enriching another. It is also known as the mass departure of skillful resources from a country. It brings a potential economic decline to the nation. Brain Drain subjects to a vital threat before a country. This migration results in a great loss to the countries where they are born and educated. Higher education is one of the important reasons for permanent emigration.

We, at Vedantu, have provided the students with an essay on brain drain with two perspectives in mind. The first one is the concept of making the students understand what is brain drain and next, to make them develop their essay writing skills which are useful in several ways including the need to write essays for improving their writing skills, for making good answers in the exams, to help the students prepare better result for themselves by going through this process.

The term ‘Brain Drain’ was first used by the United Kingdom in 1960 when the skilled workforce started emigrating from the developing or under-developed countries to the developed countries (first world countries). It refers to the situation when highly qualified and trained people leave his/her own country to permanently settle down in other developed countries. It is also known as human capital flight. With the beginning of globalization, ideas, opinions, skills in the form of labor started being exchanged between the nations.

This concept of Brain Drain is a matter of serious concern for any nation because it takes off individuals from their homeland to another foreign land. Often people go abroad to pursue higher education and settle there because of better work and attractive pay packages. Talented, skilled, and experienced professionals migrate to other countries for better career prospects. They get attracted by better standards of living and quality of life, higher salaries, access to advanced technology, and more stable political conditions in the developed countries which lead to migration from less developed countries.

The factors for the rise of Brain Drain are also called Push and Pull factors. The Push factors are the factors connected to the country of origin and Pull factors are the factors connected with the country of destination.

Push Factors:

The basic facility is not congenial for research and education in the institutions.

Under-employment for thousands of engineering graduates, scientific and technical manpower waiting for respective assignments.

Political instability.

Poor quality of living.

Limited access to health care facilities.

Less economic opportunity.

Pull Factors:

Better Economic prospects.

Better Research facilities.

Employment Opportunities.

Relative Political Stability.

Modern Education System and a better chance of advancement.

There are Three Types of Brain Drain

Geographical Brain Drain: This refers to the emigration of highly skilled professionals to other developing countries in search of better-paying jobs. It creates a negative impact on the economic development of the homeland.

Organizational Brain Drain: This refers to the departure of experienced and talented individuals from one organization to another. This exodus can be very harmful to organizations.

Industrial Brain Drain: This refers to the movement of skilled and trained workers from one industry to another for a better salary. This causes a shortage of experienced workers in the industry from where they depart.

Overall, Brain Drain is a widespread phenomenon these days. Many developing and under-developed countries are suffering from the loss of talents and skilled professionals like India, Africa, and Arab countries. The governments and private firms should take some strict measures to control this by aiming towards a better and friendlier atmosphere. They should provide better working conditions, improve infrastructure in educational institutions, create more employment opportunities, increase salaries and develop rural places. Making laws and strictly implementing them should check discrimination and bias at workplaces. Incentives should be given to youngsters from going abroad in search of work. These action plans can solve the problem of Brain Drain.

10 facts on Brain Drain Essay

The Brain Drain is the migration of talented geniuses from their homeland to other countries in search of a better life and jobs.

It occurs when people go out and settle abroad for their jobs or for making careers.

People often go abroad for their higher studies and after having finished their studies, they settle over there and do not return to their homeland which also causes brain drain.

It is of vital concern especially for developing countries like India, where it can have negative effects.

Countries like India keep losing citizens who have the potential and talent to change the economic conditions of the country.

However, Brain Drain is a call for hope for the countries to which the people migrate for their jobs or studies.

The countries which receive the migrating people from the other countries benefit a lot from them.

The problem of brain drain can be easily solved by providing better working conditions, good pay, and other facilities in the home country to the people.

Political disturbances are amongst one the other causes of brain drain.

Brain Drain also occurs in some countries as a result of poor living conditions for the people which pushes them to migrate to other countries.

Study the different points related to brain drain and compile a good essay on this topic. Learn more about this topic and seek assistance from Vedantu to get the best words on paper. Score well by brilliantly scribing this essay in exams and competitions.

FAQs on Brain Drain Essay

1. What is Brain Drain?

Brain Drain is the mass departure of talented and skilled individuals from a developing or under-developed country to a developing country. The Brain drain in simple words is defined as the migration of personnel in search of a better standard of living, quality of life, higher salaries, access to advanced technology, and more stable political conditions in the different places of the world. It is a condition which is fairly not good for the developing countries as they tend to suffer a major loss due to this.

2. What are Push Factors?

Push Factors are factors that are associated with the country of origin. The push factors are factors that motivate a person to migrate from their country or the region of living to another country in search of better jobs and living. The push factors are often used in a negative connotation, as they often consist of problems, distressing situations, and political or economic failures, depicting the poor conditions of the country. Also, this is a situation of loss for the country.

3. What is Organizational Brain Drain?

Organizational Brain Drain refers to the departure of experienced and talented individuals from one organization to another. This is similar to the original concept of brain drain. The concept involves the shift of employees from one organization to the other due to various reasons which include the movement due to organizational issues like poor working conditions, low pays, unhealthy work environment, etc. due to which the organization faces a challenge in many ways like the building of poor reputation within the industry and the like.

4. How to Prevent Brain Drain?

There are a lot of ways in which both the companies and countries can stop the problem of brain dragon some of which include the following:

To prevent the problem of Brain Drain, the governments of developing and under-developed countries should take stern measures of providing better working conditions to the employees in the form of infrastructure, health, travel, and other such measures.

The government must try to create more employment opportunities in the country itself so the people do not need to move by bringing in projects, developments, etc.

The government must try stopping discrimination with the people in all forms be it in terms of discrimination on the basis of age, gender, culture, religion, and others and any bias among employees.

The government must also work on the development of rural places to generate employment opportunities in the rural areas of the country.

5. Where can I get an Essay on Brain Drain?

The students can easily get essays on brain drain from the website of Vedantu for free of cost. The students will also have the access to many more new concepts which will help them in understanding better the different topics that persist. Vedantu also helps the students by providing them with other study material and resources like sample papers, previous year’s question papers, and other important resources that will help them in preparing for the exam and writing better answers.

Short Essay: Brain Drain

Brain drain, or the emigration of skilled and educated individuals from one country or region to another, typically for better pay or living conditions, is a multifaceted issue with significant implications for nations and their development. Writing a short essay on this topic requires a balanced exploration of its causes, effects, and possible mitigation strategies. Here’s a structured approach to help you draft a concise and informative essay on brain drain.

Table of Contents

Title and Introduction

Title: Choose a clear and direct title that encapsulates the essence of your essay, such as “Navigating the Challenges of Brain Drain: Impacts and Solutions.”

Introduction: Begin with a hook that grabs the reader’s attention. You could use a compelling statistic, a quote, or a rhetorical question. Provide a brief overview of brain drain, including who it affects and why it is a critical issue. Conclude the introduction with a thesis statement that outlines the main points you will cover, such as the reasons behind brain drain, its consequences, and potential policies to address it.

Exploring the Causes

Economic Factors: Discuss how disparities in wage levels, employment opportunities, and economic conditions motivate professionals to migrate. For instance, engineers, doctors, and academics often move from developing to developed countries in search of better financial rewards and career prospects.

Political and Social Factors: Examine how political instability, lack of freedom, or social tensions in a person’s home country contribute to brain drain. Issues such as discrimination, violence, or political persecution can force skilled individuals to seek environments where they feel safe and valued.

Educational and Professional Opportunities: Highlight the lure of advanced research facilities, higher education opportunities, and more sophisticated work environments available abroad.

Effects of Brain Drain

Impact on the Home Country: Discuss the negative effects on the countries losing talent, such as weakened economic potential, reduced healthcare quality, and slowed technological advancement. Emphasize the irony where countries invest in education only to see the benefits reaped elsewhere.

Impact on the Host Country: While brain drain is often beneficial for the host country (gaining skilled labor), it can also lead to over-saturation in certain fields, potentially increasing local unemployment or underemployment in the skilled sectors.

Global Perspective: Consider the global implications of brain drain, such as how it affects international relations, contributes to global inequality, or influences global innovation dynamics.

Solutions and Mitigation Strategies

Improving Local Conditions: Suggest ways home countries can retain talent, such as improving economic conditions, offering competitive wages, and ensuring political and social stability.

Bilateral Agreements and International Cooperation: Discuss how agreements between countries can facilitate more balanced exchanges of knowledge and skills, or how international laws and policies can be adapted to manage the flow of skilled workers more ethically.

Incentives and Opportunities: Propose specific incentives that countries could offer to encourage expatriates to return, such as tax benefits, research opportunities, or leadership positions in industry and academia.

Summarize the key points discussed in your essay, reinforcing the complexity of brain drain and the need for multifaceted solutions. End with a compelling closing thought or call to action, encouraging stakeholders to consider both local and global strategies to effectively address brain drain.

Brain Drain Essay Example #1

Brain drain, the phenomenon of highly skilled professionals emigrating from developing nations to seek better prospects in developed countries, remains a significant challenge that exacerbates global inequality. This essay explores the underlying causes of brain drain, its impacts on both sending and receiving countries, and proposes viable strategies to mitigate its adverse effects.

Economic disparity is a primary driver of brain drain. Professionals in developing countries often face limited career opportunities and lower wages compared to their counterparts in developed nations. For instance, a software engineer in Silicon Valley can earn up to five times more than a similar professional in India. Political instability and lack of freedom also contribute significantly. Countries experiencing turmoil, such as Venezuela, see a mass exodus of skilled professionals seeking safety and stability. Additionally, higher education and advanced training opportunities in developed countries attract young talents who often choose to stay abroad after completing their studies.

The departure of skilled workers has a profound impact on their home countries. Economically, it leads to a loss of potential innovators and reduces the overall intellectual capital necessary for development and competitiveness. Socially, the healthcare and education sectors suffer when professionals like doctors and teachers emigrate, leading to diminished service quality. Conversely, host countries benefit from the influx of skilled labor, which can lead to technological advances and economic growth. However, this can also result in local discontent and increased competition in the job market, potentially fueling xenophobia or societal tension.

Addressing brain drain effectively requires a strategic and multifaceted approach. Home countries should focus on improving economic conditions through better governance and fostering a vibrant business environment that encourages entrepreneurship and investment. For example, Estonia has successfully retained and attracted talent through initiatives like e-residency and startup grants. Additionally, improving political stability and providing competitive wages and benefits can help retain skilled workers.

International cooperation is also crucial. Bilateral agreements can facilitate the ethical management of skilled migration, ensuring that both sending and receiving countries benefit. For instance, agreements could include clauses that encourage temporary migration for education or work, with clear pathways for individuals to return to their home countries, enriched with new skills and experiences.

Furthermore, creating opportunities for expatriates to contribute to their home countries without requiring permanent return can be effective. Programs that facilitate temporary teaching positions, remote consulting jobs, or investment in home-country enterprises can allow expatriates to contribute to their country’s development from abroad.

Brain drain is a complex issue influenced by economic, political, and educational factors. While it presents significant challenges for developing countries, it also offers an opportunity to rethink global and local policies. By improving domestic conditions and engaging in international cooperation, countries can mitigate the negative impacts of brain drain and turn it into a phenomenon that benefits all, promoting a more balanced global development. Strategic solutions that address both the causes and effects of brain drain will ensure that the migration of talent becomes part of a larger cycle of global knowledge sharing and development.

Brain Drain Essay Example #2

One of the primary drivers of brain drain is economic disparity. In many developing countries, professionals face limited career opportunities and lower wages compared to their counterparts in the developed world. For example, a software engineer working in Silicon Valley can earn significantly more than a similar professional in India. Political instability and lack of personal freedoms also play a crucial role. Countries experiencing political turmoil, such as Venezuela, witness a significant outflow of skilled professionals who seek safety and stability abroad. Moreover, the allure of higher education and advanced training opportunities in developed countries often entices young talents, who frequently choose to remain abroad post-graduation.

The effects of brain drain are profoundly felt by the home countries. Economically, the departure of skilled workers leads to a loss of potential innovators, diminishing the intellectual capital necessary for development and competitiveness. Social impacts are also significant, particularly in the healthcare and education sectors, which suffer from a lack of qualified professionals. In contrast, host countries typically benefit from the influx of skilled labor, experiencing technological advances and economic growth. However, this can also lead to increased competition in the job market, potentially fueling local discontent and societal tensions.

To effectively address brain drain, a strategic and multifaceted approach is required. Home countries need to focus on improving economic conditions through better governance and fostering a vibrant business environment that encourages entrepreneurship and investment. For instance, Estonia has successfully retained and attracted talent through innovative initiatives like e-residency and startup grants. Enhancing political stability and providing competitive wages and benefits are crucial to retaining skilled workers.

International cooperation plays a pivotal role in managing skilled migration ethically, ensuring mutual benefits for both sending and receiving countries. Bilateral agreements, for example, can facilitate temporary migrations for education or work, providing clear pathways for individuals to return to their home countries enriched with new skills and experiences.

Additionally, creating opportunities for expatriates to contribute to their home countries without requiring permanent returns can be effective. Programs that enable temporary teaching positions, remote consulting jobs, or investments in home-country enterprises allow expatriates to contribute to their country’s development from afar.

Brain drain is a complex issue, driven by economic, political, and educational factors. While it presents significant challenges for developing countries, it also provides an opportunity to rethink global and local policies. By improving domestic conditions and engaging in international cooperation, countries can mitigate the adverse effects of brain drain and transform it into a beneficial phenomenon that promotes balanced global development. Strategic solutions that address both the causes and effects of brain drain will ensure that the migration of talent becomes part of a larger cycle of global knowledge sharing and development.

Brain Drain Essay Example #3

Brain drain refers to the migration of skilled and educated individuals from less developed to more developed regions, seeking better opportunities and living conditions. This migration pattern poses significant challenges but also presents opportunities for strategic solutions to balance the scales of global development.

Economic disparity is a prime motivator for brain drain. Skilled professionals in less developed countries often encounter limited job opportunities and lower compensation compared to developed countries. For example, a software engineer in Silicon Valley can earn substantially more than their counterpart in many parts of Asia or Africa. Moreover, political instability and restricted freedoms compel individuals to seek environments where safety and rights are more assured. Educational opportunities also draw young talent abroad, where many remain after completing their studies due to better job prospects.

The departure of these skilled workers profoundly impacts their countries of origin. Economically, it leads to a drain of potential innovators and a reduction in the intellectual capital that is crucial for national development and competitiveness. The social impact is equally severe, especially in critical sectors like healthcare and education, which suffer due to the scarcity of qualified professionals. On the flip side, destination countries often benefit from the influx of skilled labor, which can drive technological innovation and economic growth. However, this can also stir local discontent and heighten job market competition, potentially leading to social tensions.

Addressing brain drain effectively requires comprehensive strategies. Countries of origin must improve economic conditions by enhancing governance and creating a business-friendly environment that encourages investment and entrepreneurship. For instance, initiatives similar to Estonia’s e-residency and startup grants have proven effective in retaining and attracting talent.

International collaboration is vital for managing skilled migration in a way that benefits both origin and destination countries. Bilateral agreements can help by enabling temporary migration for education or work, with clear incentives for return, enriching the home country with new skills and experiences.

Additionally, facilitating diaspora engagement can be a powerful tool. Programs that enable temporary teaching positions, remote consulting, or investment in local ventures allow expatriates to contribute to their home countries’ development remotely.

Brain drain is influenced by a mix of economic, political, and educational factors and presents substantial challenges for less developed countries. However, it also offers a chance to reform both global and local policies. By improving domestic conditions and fostering international cooperation, nations can mitigate the negative aspects of brain drain and transform it into a catalyst for global knowledge exchange and equitable development. This strategic approach ensures that talent migration contributes positively to global development, making the best use of the world’s human resources.

Final Writing Tips

Be Objective: Maintain a balanced view by discussing both sides of the issue.
Use Examples: Incorporate specific examples or case studies to illustrate your points more vividly.
Stay Concise: Keep your arguments focused and your writing clear, especially given the short essay format.
Proofread: Ensure your essay is free from grammatical errors and flows logically.

About Mr. Greg

Mr. Greg is an English teacher from Edinburgh, Scotland, currently based in Hong Kong. He has over 5 years teaching experience and recently completed his PGCE at the University of Essex Online. In 2013, he graduated from Edinburgh Napier University with a BEng(Hons) in Computing, with a focus on social media.

Mr. Greg’s English Cloud was created in 2020 during the pandemic, aiming to provide students and parents with resources to help facilitate their learning at home.

Whatsapp: +85259609792

[email protected]

A Beginner’s Guide to IELTS
Common Grammar Mistakes [for IELTS Writing Candidates]

Writing Correction Service

Free IELTS Resources
Practice Speaking Test

Select Page

Brain Drain [Sample Essays and Vocabulary]

Posted by David S. Wills | Feb 27, 2023 | Model Essays | 2

For today’s English lesson, we are going to look at the topic of “brain drain.” This is a phenomenon that occurs when lots of talented people move from developing countries to developed ones. It is an interesting topic with many issues to debate, so it is possible that you could encounter it in the IELTS writing test.

What is “brain drain” and how could it appear in IELTS?

According to the Cambridge Dictionary, “brain drain” means:

the situation in which large numbers of educated and very skilled people leave their own country to live and work in another one where pay and conditions are better ( source )

This is quite a big issue nowadays and it affects many parts of the world positively and negatively. As the world becomes more interconnected, it seems reasonable that it will continue to be a problem in the future.

This sort of topic is most likely to occur in the IELTS writing test and specifically in task 2. In fact, I’ll show you two sample answers below. You might also see a reading passage about “brain drain” in the reading test and I suppose it is theoretically possible that it could be the subject of section 4 of the listening test.

However, I cannot imagine that you would realistically see questions about this in any part of the IELTS speaking test. It is slightly too specialised and talking about it is a little too difficult.

Language related to “brain drain”

When it comes to the topic of “brain drain,” you should think of this generally as being a sub-topic of work , education , and immigration . Note that IELTS topics often overlap like this.

As such, to talk about this, you should be comfortable with vocabulary related to these areas and specifically the points at which they intersect. Here are some examples:

advanced economy
developed country
developing country
emigration / emigrant
immigration / immigrant
permanent residency
standard of living
tertiary education
tuition fees

Make sure that you know more than just the loose meaning of each word or phrase. It is important that you know precisely how to use them.

Also, I have tried not to include more common words like “abroad” but obviously you should be familiar with them and confident about how to use them.

You can read more about common IELTS topics here .

How to think of ideas about “brain drain”

Sometimes, IELTS questions can be difficult not just because of the language required but because of the topic. While some people have strong opinions about brain drain, others don’t. They simply can’t think of anything to say or worry that their ideas aren’t very developed.

For this reason, it is useful not just to learn vocabulary in preparation for your IELTS test, but also to learn ideas. You can do that in different ways:

reading articles
listening to podcasts
watching videos or documentaries
engaging in debates

I recently saw this very interesting YouTube video, which goes into detail about why brain drain hurts some countries and why it keeps happening.

I have a whole article about how to generate ideas for IELTS .

Sample Essays

Ok, now let’s look at some sample questions and answers. These are quite similar but the types of question are different and so I have written different answers.

Brain Drain Essay: Problems and Solutions

Here is our first question:

An increasing number of professionals, such as doctors and teachers, are leaving their own poorer countries to work in developed countries. What problems does this cause? What can be done to deal with this situation?

As you can see, this is a problems and solutions question . That means you need to firstly explain the problems caused by brain drain and then suggest some solutions.

Sample Answer

In the modern era, it is common for people to move around the world for various reasons, including immigration purposes. This sometimes results in people leaving a poor country to go to a richer one, in a phenomenon that is sometimes known as “brain drain.” This essay will look into the reasons for this and also suggest some solutions.

The allure of wealthy countries is naturally going to appeal to many people from poorer nations. They look to these places and see opportunities for themselves and their families, as well as clean environments and high-quality homes and goods. It is natural, then, that these people will aspire to leave their own country and move to a more developed one in the hope of a better life. They study hard and take every possible chance to give themselves a brighter future, and once they are able to emigrate, they leave their home country and travel to their new home. This is usually a positive step for them, but it tends to trap poor countries in a cycle of poverty.

Solving this problem is clearly not easy because it is a pretty natural phenomenon and people will always want to give themselves a better life. However, if there was a way to encourage doctors and other professionals to stay in their home nation, they could help to build it into a much more prosperous society, ultimately resulting in generations of educated people with no real desire to leave. Another option is for that nation to attempt to attract doctors and teachers from other countries as a way of filling the knowledge gap. This would not be easy, but again if it were achieved it would result in a strengthened nation that would no longer encourage its citizens to leave.

In conclusion, it is a natural occurrence that people want to move to cleaner, more developed places with safer streets and better standards of living, which is why educated people flee from poor nations. However, solving this problem will not be easy and may require some creative action by various governments.

Notes on the Answer

I have a simple but effective structure here:

In terms of language, I will note some useful phrases:

The allure of wealthy countries
see opportunities for themselves
high-quality homes and goods
take every possible chance
a brighter future
a cycle of poverty
a much more prosperous society
filling the knowledge gap
a natural occurrence

You will see that my solutions are not very definite but that’s because there are no easy solutions. Some students write things like “The government should pay doctors more money.” However, is this a realistic suggestion? If governments had unlimited money and could pay doctors more, they probably would. Therefore, use careful thinking and language skills to show reasonable ideas. Don’t worry about your suggestions being weakened by the admission that these ideas might not work. It is better to show that you are aware of this than to confidently make unreasonable suggestions.

Brain Drain Essay: Discuss Both Views

Here is our second question:

Some people believe that professionals, such as doctors and engineers, should be required to work in the country where they did their training. Others believe they should be free to work in another country if they wish. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

You can see that this is a “ discuss both views ” question, so it is a little different from the previous one. Also, I suppose it is technically possible that you could answer this without mentioning brain drain, but still the idea is clearly connected.

A small number of people think that highly trained professionals should be required to work in the same country where they did their training, but most people disagree with this. This essay will also disagree, suggesting that they should be free to work where they want.

To begin with, it is understandable that people might argue in favour of professionals working in the country where they trained because in some cases that country has paid for their training. Take, for example, a doctor who received medical training at the government’s expense in a relatively poor country. If they moved to another country, perhaps in order to earn a higher salary, then the government’s investment would have been wasted.

However, there are a few problems with that viewpoint. First of all, professionals of this nature usually pay for their own education, and so if they were required to stay in that country then it would be unfair. A lot of people invest in their education purely to gain the chance of moving to another country for a better life. Then, of course, there is the argument that all people should have some freedom of movement. Particularly in the case of highly trained professionals, who can bring value to different societies, it is beneficial to have them move around the world, sharing their skills and increasing diversity. Perhaps they ought to give something back to the society in which they were trained, but they should not be restricted by any law because that would be a violation of their fundamental rights.

In conclusion, people who have important skills should be free to move to other countries if they wish. They should not have a legal obligation to stay in the nation where they earned their skills, but perhaps for the sake of decency they might consider staying a short while and giving back to that society.

I have not used the phrase “brain drain” here but the essay is still about that because brain drain is what happens when these people leave their home countries in large numbers.

Note that I have discussed both views but sided with the “disagree” perspective. That means I have written a longer paragraph full of “disagree” ideas. I have also made my opinion clear throughout the whole essay, which is also essential. In the introduction , for example, my outline sentence puts my perspective across very clearly.

Here are some more useful words and phrases:

highly trained professionals
to earn a higher salary
the government’s investment
people invest in their education
freedom of movement
a violation of their fundamental rights
a legal obligation

Finally, note that in both these essays I avoided the trap of repeating the examples from the question. It is a common mistake that IELTS candidates see an example and assume it is the main idea of the question. In fact, you do not need to talk about doctors and engineers. You could talk about any professionals.

About The Author

David S. Wills

David S. Wills is the author of Scientologist! William S. Burroughs and the 'Weird Cult' and the founder/editor of Beatdom literary journal. He lives and works in rural Cambodia and loves to travel. He has worked as an IELTS tutor since 2010, has completed both TEFL and CELTA courses, and has a certificate from Cambridge for Teaching Writing. David has worked in many different countries, and for several years designed a writing course for the University of Worcester. In 2018, he wrote the popular IELTS handbook, Grammar for IELTS Writing and he has since written two other books about IELTS. His other IELTS website is called IELTS Teaching.

Sample Letter About Cookery Course [IELTS General Writing]

November 7, 2020

Sample Answer: Ageing Population

July 26, 2021

Taxing Fast Food: Model IELTS Essay

February 26, 2024

Sample Task 2 Essay

March 21, 2017

I have some questions related to IELTS Writing in general and your essays. 1. Have you tried using chatGPT for IELTS Writing? What do you think the quality of the essays it can create and how do IELTS learners use it to improve their writing? 2. In your essays + The first essay – You use near future tense ‘be going to do sth’ in the first sentence of the first body paragraph. Could you explain to me why you use this tense in this sentence? + The second essay – Actually, I see some dictionary mark ‘To begin with’ or ‘To begin’ as an informal phrase. Is it also proper when used in IELTS Writing? – In the second body paragraph, I see you use ‘increasing diversity’ which makes me confused. Could you explain what does this phrase exactly mean? Thank a lot

1. I’ve tested it a few times. It’s fine but not perfect. I haven’t really looked into it as a means of learning to write essays. I know that other AI programmes are terrible at fixing grammar problems, but ChatGPT is a lot smarter, so it’s possible.

2. This is used to mean that something hypothetically does appeal to these people. I suppose it is a strange structure, but it’s quite common in English. It is like imagining a future state.

3. I don’t think “To begin with” is particularly informal.

4. It means that when people travel around, the diversity of the places they go to increases because they have more people from different places.

Download my IELTS Books

Essay on Brain Drain

Students are often asked to write an essay on Brain Drain in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Brain Drain

Introduction.

Brain drain refers to the migration of skilled professionals from their home country to another for better opportunities. It’s a global issue affecting many nations.

Causes of Brain Drain

Brain drain is caused by several factors including lack of opportunities, low wages, political instability, and poor living conditions in the home country.

Effects of Brain Drain

Brain drain leads to loss of skills and intellectual resources. It can slow down the development of a country and create imbalance in the global distribution of talent.

To combat brain drain, nations need to improve their living conditions, provide better opportunities and create a stable political environment.

Also check:

Paragraph on Brain Drain

250 Words Essay on Brain Drain

Brain drain refers to the emigration of highly skilled individuals from their home countries to foreign nations, often in search of better opportunities. It is a global phenomenon that affects both developed and developing countries, posing significant socio-economic implications.

The primary cause of brain drain is the quest for improved living conditions. Professionals migrate to countries offering better job prospects, higher wages, and enhanced life quality. Political instability, lack of research opportunities, and inadequate infrastructure in home countries further exacerbate this issue.

Impacts of Brain Drain

Brain drain has a dual impact. The host countries benefit from the influx of skilled professionals contributing to their economic growth. Conversely, the home countries suffer from a loss of human capital, leading to a potential decline in their development pace.

Counteracting Brain Drain

To counteract brain drain, it is crucial for countries to create conducive environments that encourage their citizens to stay. This includes ensuring political stability, offering competitive wages, and investing in research and infrastructure. Implementing policies that promote circular migration can also be beneficial, where emigrants return to their home countries, bringing back new skills and knowledge.

While brain drain poses challenges, it also presents opportunities for global knowledge exchange. The key lies in managing this phenomenon effectively, turning the potential loss into a gain for both home and host countries. This requires concerted efforts from governments, institutions, and individuals alike.

500 Words Essay on Brain Drain

Understanding the phenomenon of brain drain.

Brain Drain, also known as Human Capital Flight, is a phenomenon where skilled and educated individuals migrate from less developed or developing countries to developed nations in search of better opportunities. This migration, while offering personal growth for individuals, often leads to a significant loss for their home countries.

The Driving Forces of Brain Drain

The primary drivers of Brain Drain are socio-economic in nature. The quest for improved living conditions, higher wages, and better career prospects are some of the primary reasons why skilled professionals migrate. Political instability, lack of infrastructure, and limited research opportunities also contribute to this exodus.

The Impact of Brain Drain

The impact of Brain Drain is multifaceted, with both negative and positive outcomes. On the negative side, the departure of skilled professionals leads to a knowledge gap in the home country. It hampers the growth of industries and research, and can even affect the country’s economy.

However, there’s a positive side as well. The remittances sent back home by these professionals can contribute significantly to the home country’s economy. Moreover, if these professionals return home after gaining global exposure, they can bring back valuable skills and knowledge, contributing to the development of their home country.

Brain Drain vs Brain Gain

While Brain Drain is often viewed negatively, it’s important to consider the concept of Brain Gain. This refers to the influx of skilled professionals into a country, which can lead to significant economic and social benefits. Developed countries often experience Brain Gain, which contributes to their continued growth and development.

Addressing the Issue of Brain Drain

Addressing Brain Drain requires comprehensive strategies that focus on improving socio-economic conditions, political stability, and research opportunities in the home country. Governments should invest in education, research, and development, and create an environment that encourages innovation and entrepreneurship.

Moreover, strategies should be developed to attract back the expatriate professionals. For instance, the concept of “Brain Circulation”, where professionals work overseas for a period and then return home, can be promoted.

Brain Drain is a complex issue with both negative and positive impacts. While it can lead to a loss of valuable human capital for developing countries, it can also result in economic benefits through remittances and the return of skilled professionals. Addressing this issue requires a balanced approach that not only prevents the outflow of talent but also encourages their return. The key lies in transforming the Brain Drain into a Brain Gain, thus turning a potential loss into a win-win situation for all involved.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

Essay on Women Empowerment
Essay on The Happiest Day of My Life
Essay on Self Reliance With Integrity

Apart from these, you can look at all the essays by clicking here .

Happy studying!

Essays on Brain Drain

Brain drain: causes, consequences, and solutions, brain drain: analyzing its causes and effects, brain drain: a persistent issue in developing economies, made-to-order essay as fast as you need it.

Each essay is customized to cater to your unique preferences

+ experts online

Brain Drain in The Healthcare Sector: a Critical Analysis

Relevant topics.

Illegal Immigration
Human Migration
Immigration Reform
Immigration to America
Gun Control
Martin Luther King
Pro Life (Abortion)

By clicking “Check Writers’ Offers”, you agree to our terms of service and privacy policy . We’ll occasionally send you promo and account related email

No need to pay just yet!

We use cookies to personalyze your web-site experience. By continuing we’ll assume you board with our cookie policy .

Instructions Followed To The Letter
Deadlines Met At Every Stage
Unique And Plagiarism Free

Essay on Brain Drain

Brain drain refers to the movement of highly skilled and educated people from one country to another, where they can work in better conditions and earn more money. People migrate due to the lack of opportunities in their home country. The brain drain reduces economic growth through the depletion of a source country’s human capital assets and, additionally, through loss of return on investment in education. It’s a serious problem that most developing countries like India are facing today. The essay on brain drain will help students to understand the reason behind brain drain and how this problem can be solved. Students can also check out the list of CBSE Essays to practise more essays on different topics and boost their essay writing skills.

500+ Words Essay on Brain Drain

The term “brain drain” refers to the international transfer of human capital resources, and it applies mainly to the migration of highly educated individuals from developing to developed countries. The term is generally used in a narrower sense. It relates more specifically to the migration of engineers, physicians, scientists, and other highly skilled professionals with university training, to developed countries. The brain drain is a serious constraint on the development of poor countries.

Reasons for Brain Drain in India

The major reason behind the brain drain is the lack of career opportunities, investment and lower salaries in home countries. The highly skilled people do not get proper exposure where they can showcase their skills. They don’t get the opportunity to grow higher. This happens because, in many private and government organisations, the managers sitting in higher positions give preference to their relatives and known people. Many times, the hiring team does not use the correct assessment process to recruit people. Moreover, the reservation and reserved quota in government jobs are the major reasons why youth lose interest in appearing in various competitive or government exams.

Brain drain also occurs when an employee loses interest in work. If he continues to do the same task for 5 to 6 years, he becomes saturated with work. He wants some new role and responsibility that excite him and challenges him to do the work. The change in work also sharpens their skills and significantly increases their income. The work culture and environment also play a major role in brain drain. If the work culture is not flexible and reliable, then people start thinking of leaving the organisation and moving to another. Many times office politics, blame games, overwork, no appreciation, and no rewards also compel a person to look for a better opportunity where his skills will be appreciated.

India has skilled and semi-skilled, employed and unemployed human resources. Low salaries and inefficient working conditions trigger the movement of people to countries with better living standards and facilities. There is a huge difference in terms of salary in developed, developing and underdeveloped countries. Most of the students who go abroad for higher studies do not return to India. After seeing the affluent life of foreign countries, they lose all interest in their own country. They get placed in good companies and start living a high-profile life.

How to Stop Brain Drain?

Talent in emerging economies is scarce, expensive, and hard to retain. But, for the balance of power and for the development of the world, it is very important to stop the phenomena of brain drain. This will help a particular country to use all local skilled citizens for development and proliferation. But to hold these skilled workers at their native places, it is also important to provide them with enough work opportunities and living facilities. For this purpose, developed nations should help developing countries with the necessary money and resources. So that each and every human on this planet can have a good standard of living and each and every nation can introduce itself as a developed nation.

Students must have found this essay on brain drain useful for improving their essay-writing skills. They can get the study material and the latest updates on CBSE/ICSE/State Board/Competitive Exams at BYJU’S.

Register with BYJU'S & Download Free PDFs

Brain Drain: Causes and Effects

Cite this chapter.

Amartya Sen 1

Part of the book series: International Economic Association Conference Volumes, Numbers 1–50 ((IEA))

123 Accesses

3 Citations

When in A.D. 1600 the question was asked in Oxford University’s Arts Seminar: ‘An peregrinatio conducat ad philosophandum?’ (‘Does migration stimulate philosophical thinking?’), the precaution was taken of requiring the students to answer the question in the affirmative. 2 The problem of ‘brain drain’ has not been viewed in quite such unequivocal terms in the recent literature on economic development. This is not surprising since a systematic migration of a large part of the skilled and technologically sophisticated labour force from an under-developed country would indeed pose a serious challenge to the economic, technological and scientific development of such a country.

This paper incorporates some of the materials used in an earlier unpublished study. ‘The Brain Drain and the Production Function’, which I completed during 1968–9 for the Harvard University Project for Quantitative Research in Economic Development. It also uses the statistical findings of a report I prepared for the United Nations during 1968 entitled ‘A Quantitative Study of Brain Drain from the Developing Countries to the United States’, to be published in the U.N. Journal of Development Planning . For helpful discussions I am most grateful to T. C. Chang, Hollis Chenery and Harry Johnson.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Available as PDF
Read on any device
Instant download
Own it forever
Compact, lightweight edition
Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
Free shipping worldwide - see info
Durable hardcover edition

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Brain Drain

The Emerging Brain Circulation Between China and the United States

Brain Drain or Brain Circulation? Economic and Non-Economic Factors Driving the International Migration of German Citizens

Adams, W., The Brain Drain (New York: Macmillan, 1968).

Google Scholar

Aitken, N. D., ‘The International Flow of Human Capital’, American Economic Review , LVIII (June 1968).

Boulding, K. E., ‘The “National” Importance of Human Capital’, in Adams (1968).

Clark, A., Register of the University of Oxford, 1571–1622 , Oxford Historical Society, Vol. II, Part I (Oxford, 1877)

Dedijer, B., ‘“Early” Migration’, in Adams (1968).

Grubel, H. G. and Scott, A. D., ‘The International Flow of Human Capital’, American Economic Review , LVI Proceedings (May 1966).

Grubel, H. G. and Scott, A. D., ‘The International Flow of Human Capital’, American Economic Review , LVIII, (June 1968).

Institute of International Education, Open Doors 1964 , Report on International Exchange (New York, 1964).

Institute of International Education, Open Doors 1965 , Report on International Exchange (New York, 1965).

Institute of International Education, Open Doors 1966 , Report on International Exchange (New York, 1966).

Institute of International Education, Open Doors 1967 , Report on International Exchange (New York, 1967).

Johnson, H. G., ‘Some Economic Aspects of Brain Drain’, Pakistan Development Review (Autumn 1967).

Johnson, H. G., ‘An “Internationalistic” Model’, in Adams (1968).

Patinkin, ‘A “Nationalist” Model’, in Adams (1968).

United Nations, UNESCO Statistical Yearbook 1966 (New York, 1967).

United States Congress, The Brain Drain of Scientists, Engineers and Physicists from the Developing Countries into the United States . Hearing before a Sub-committee of the Committee on Government Operations, Ninetieth Congress (Washington, D.C., 1968).

Weisbrod, B. A., ‘Discussion’, American Economic Review , LVI, Proceedings (May 1966).

Download references

Author information

Authors and affiliations.

University of Delhi, India

Amartya Sen

You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

About this chapter

Sen, A. (1973). Brain Drain: Causes and Effects. In: Williams, B.R. (eds) Science and Technology in Economic Growth. International Economic Association Conference Volumes, Numbers 1–50. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-01731-7_15

Download citation

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-01731-7_15

Publisher Name : Palgrave Macmillan, London

Print ISBN : 978-1-349-01733-1

Online ISBN : 978-1-349-01731-7

eBook Packages : Palgrave Economics & Finance Collection Economics and Finance (R0)

Share this chapter

Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Find a journal
Track your research

Argumentative Essay Examples (3 College Samples to Use)

When writing an argumentative essay, it can be helpful to look at examples and samples that provide the structure of the outline for the essay form. Here are argumentative essay examples to use when writing your university-level essay.

What is an argumentative essay?

An argumentative essay backs up its claims with facts and evidence. Its ultimate goal is to persuade the reader to concur with the thesis. Instead of only the author’s thoughts and feelings, a strong argumentative essay will incorporate facts and evidence to back up its claims.

This article will find three different argumentative essay examples to help you understand how to frame a good argument.

Argumentative essay outline:

Argumentative essays typically follow the conventional five-paragraph pattern. However, this is not necessary. The two common frameworks for these articles are the Toulmin model and the Rogerian model.

The most popular model is the Toulmin one. It starts with an introduction, moves on to a thesis or claim, and then provides information and proof to support that argument. Rebuttals of opposing points are also included in this type of essay.
The Rogerian paradigm examines both sides of an argument, weighs their advantages and disadvantages, and then draws a decision.

Argumentative essay examples

Below are three examples of argumentative essays.

Essay Example 1:

Some people have proposed closing public libraries and replacing them with iPads with e-reader subscriptions as online learning becomes more widespread and more resources are transformed into digital form.

The idea’s proponents claim that it will result in financial savings for nearby cities and villages because libraries are expensive. They think more people will read since they won’t have to go to the library to borrow a book. Instead, they can just click on the book they want to read and read it from wherever they are. Additionally, since libraries won’t need to purchase physical copies of books because they can simply rent as many digital ones, they’ll have access to more resources.

But using tablets to replace libraries would be a grave error. First, compared to print resources, digital books and resources are more problematic and are connected with less learning. According to research comparing tablet and book reading, tablet users read 20–30% slower, remember 20–20% less information, and comprehend 10–15% less of what they read than those who read the same material in print. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that gazing at a computer for an extended period is significantly more likely than reading print to result in several health issues. Such as blurred vision, faintness, dry eyes, headaches, and eye strain.

A higher incidence of more significant health conditions like fibromyalgia, shoulder and back discomfort, and carpal tunnel syndrome. And muscle strain is also observed in individuals who use tablets and mobile devices extensively.

Second, assuming that libraries provide book lending is limited-minded. There are many advantages to libraries, many of which can only be accessed if the library is physically there. These advantages include serving as a peaceful study area, offering a forum for neighborhood interaction, hosting classes on various subjects, creating employment opportunities, responding to client inquiries, and maintaining a sense of community. Over a third of residents in one neighborhood said they felt more connected to their community when a local library started hosting community events like play dates for young children and their parents .

Similarly, a 2015 Pew survey revealed that nearly two-thirds of American respondents believed eliminating their neighborhood library would significantly negatively impact their neighborhood.

Tablets can’t provide these advantages nearly as well as libraries do for those looking to connect with others and find answers to their queries.

Despite the numerous problems with digital screens, replacing libraries with tablets may seem straightforward, but it would inspire people to spend even more time staring at screens. Additionally, many of the advantages of libraries on which people have come to rely would no longer be accessible. A simple object in many communities could never replace libraries since they are such a vital element of the social fabric.

Essay Example 2:

Malaria is a contagious illness brought on by parasites that are spread to humans by female Anopheles mosquitoes. Over 500 million people contract malaria each year, with about 80% of those individuals residing in Sub-Saharan Africa. Every year, malaria claims the lives of close to 500,000 people, the majority of them being young children under the age of five. Malaria has a higher death rate than many other infectious disorders.

Rather than treating the illness once the person is already infected, even though there have been numerous programs created to increase access to malaria treatment.

Numerous medications are available to treat malaria; many are effective and life-saving. Nonetheless, malaria eradication projects in Sub-Saharan Africa that place an excessive emphasis on treatment and insufficient emphasis on prevention have not been successful over the long run . The WHO’s Global Malaria Eradication Programme was a significant initiative to eradicate malaria. It was founded in 1955 to eradicate malaria in Africa during the following ten years . The program largely focused on vector control and was based on earlier successful initiatives in Brazil and the US. Chloroquine was widely dispersed, while DDT was sprayed in massive quantities.

The effort to eradicate malaria cost more than one billion dollars. However, the initiative was plagued by numerous issues, and in 1969, WHO had to acknowledge that the program had failed to eradicate malaria. During the period the initiative was in place, the number of malaria cases and malaria-related deaths in Sub-Saharan Africa had increased by more than 10%.

The project’s failure was largely due to the consistent strategies and procedures it imposed. The program was not nearly as effective as it could have been since it did not consider differences in governments, geography, and infrastructure. Sub-Saharan Africa lacks the resources and infrastructure necessary to sustain such a complex program, making it impossible to carry out in an intended manner.

Most African nations lack the funds to adequately treat and immunize all of their citizens, let alone afford to clean marshes or other malaria-prone areas. Only 25% of what Brazil spent on malaria eradication was spent per person on the continent. Africa’s Sub-Saharan region cannot rely on a strategy that calls for increased funding, infrastructure, or further expertise.

The widespread use of chloroquine has also led to developing parasites that are now a problem in Sub-Saharan Africa. Because chloroquine was used frequently but ineffectively, mosquitoes became resistant, and as a result, over 95% of mosquitoes in Sub-Saharan Africa are now resistant to it. To prevent and treat malaria, newer, more expensive treatments must be utilized, which raises the price of malaria treatment for a region that can’t afford it.

Programs should concentrate on preventing infection from arising in the first place rather than creating plans to treat malaria after the infection has already occurred. This strategy is more affordable and effective and also decreases the number of days lost to missed work or school, which can further impair the region’s output.

Insecticide-treated bed nets are one of the easiest and most cost-efficient ways to prevent malaria (ITNs). These nets offer a secure perimeter around whoever is utilizing them. Bed nets treated with insecticides are far more useful than those that haven’t since they prevent mosquitoes from biting people through the netting. And help lower mosquito populations in a neighborhood, aiding those who don’t even possess bed nets. Because most mosquito bites occur when a person is asleep, bed nets can significantly lessen the number of transmissions at night. Where ITNs are widely used, malaria transmission can be decreased by as much as 90%.

Households suffering from malaria can usually only gather 40% of the yields that healthy families can. A household with malaria sufferers also spends about a fifth of its income on medical expenses, not accounting for the time lost from work due to the sickness. According to estimates, malaria causes Africa to lose 12 billion USD in revenue annually. Sub-Saharan Africa needs a strong economy made possible by a large working population.

Essay Example 3:

People are once again debating whether college athletes should be paid due to the continued popularity of college athletics and the significant financial success of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA).

There are numerous possible payment structures. Student-athletes might receive compensation through sponsorships, autographs, and the right to use their likeness, just like professional Olympians do. These payments could take a free-market approach in which players can earn whatever the market offers.

The idea’s proponents contend that college athletes need to be paid in some way for their labor since they are the ones who practice, compete in games, along with drawing spectators. Without college athletes, the NCAA wouldn’t exist, coaches wouldn’t be paid their (sometimes very high) salaries, and companies like Nike wouldn’t be able to make money off college sports. College athletes don’t receive any of the $1 billion in annual revenue that the NCAA generates in the form of a paycheck.

People who support paying college athletes assert that doing so will encourage them to stay in school longer and delay turning pro.

The Duke basketball sensation Zion Williamson, who suffered a catastrophic knee injury during his freshman year, is cited by the idea’s proponents as evidence. Many others claimed that even he adored representing Duke, risking another injury and prematurely terminating his professional career for an organization that wasn’t paying him wasn’t worth it. Later that year, Williamson declared his eligibility for the NCAA draught, showing that he agreed with them. He might have remained at Duke for more time had he been paid.

Paying athletes might also end the NCAA’s ongoing recruitment issues. Because it was determined that coaches were utilizing sex workers to attract recruits to join the team, which was completely wrong. The NCAA stripped the University of Louisville men’s basketball team of its national championship trophy in 2018. Numerous additional recruiting scandals have occurred, in which college athletes and recruiters were bought off with anything from free automobiles to having their grades modified to outright bribery.

The NCAA might end the dishonest and unlawful methods certain schools and coaches use to recruit athletes by paying college athletes and disclosing their earnings.

Even though both sides have valid arguments, it is evident that the drawbacks of compensating collegiate athletes exceed their advantages. College athletes dedicate much time and effort to representing their institution but are rewarded with scholarships and benefits. This can result in a bidding war only for the top athletes.

In contrast, most student athletics and college athletic programs would suffer or shut down due to a lack of funding. It is possible for many people if benefits for student-athletes are maintained at the current level.

A successful argumentative essay incorporates the author’s thoughts and opinions and uses facts and evidence to support its claims. For instance, you might have wished to write an argumentative essay arguing that your friends would like to travel to New York.

The majority of individuals concur that eating fast food is unhealthy. It is arguable whether the federal government should regulate the size of sodas sold at fast-food restaurants because junk food is detrimental to your health. The statement is open to reasonable agreement or disagreement.

Start with a sentence that will grab your attention. Describe the texts in detail. Declare your position. Verify that you have rephrased the prompt. Add a topic sentence that restates your assertion and justification.

Inside this article

Fact checked: Content is rigorously reviewed by a team of qualified and experienced fact checkers. Fact checkers review articles for factual accuracy, relevance, and timeliness. Learn more.

About the author

Dalia Y.: Dalia is an English Major and linguistics expert with an additional degree in Psychology. Dalia has featured articles on Forbes, Inc, Fast Company, Grammarly, and many more. She covers English, ESL, and all things grammar on GrammarBrain.

Core lessons

Abstract Noun
Accusative Case
Active Sentence
Alliteration
Adjective Clause
Adjective Phrase
Adverbial Clause
Appositive Phrase
Body Paragraph
Compound Adjective
Complex Sentence
Compound Words
Compound Predicate
Common Noun
Comparative Adjective
Comparative and Superlative
Compound Noun
Compound Subject
Compound Sentence
Copular Verb
Collective Noun
Colloquialism
Conciseness
Conditional
Concrete Noun
Conjunction
Conjugation
Conditional Sentence
Comma Splice
Correlative Conjunction
Coordinating Conjunction
Coordinate Adjective
Cumulative Adjective
Dative Case
Declarative Statement
Direct Object Pronoun
Direct Object
Dangling Modifier
Demonstrative Pronoun
Demonstrative Adjective
Direct Characterization
Definite Article
Doublespeak
Equivocation Fallacy
Future Perfect Progressive
Future Simple
Future Perfect Continuous
Future Perfect
First Conditional
Gerund Phrase
Genitive Case
Helping Verb
Irregular Adjective
Irregular Verb
Imperative Sentence
Indefinite Article
Intransitive Verb
Introductory Phrase
Indefinite Pronoun
Indirect Characterization
Interrogative Sentence
Intensive Pronoun
Inanimate Object
Indefinite Tense
Infinitive Phrase
Interjection
Intensifier
Indicative Mood
Juxtaposition
Linking Verb
Misplaced Modifier
Nominative Case
Noun Adjective
Object Pronoun
Object Complement
Order of Adjectives
Parallelism
Prepositional Phrase
Past Simple Tense
Past Continuous Tense
Past Perfect Tense
Past Progressive Tense
Present Simple Tense
Present Perfect Tense
Personal Pronoun
Personification
Persuasive Writing
Parallel Structure
Phrasal Verb
Predicate Adjective
Predicate Nominative
Phonetic Language
Plural Noun
Punctuation
Punctuation Marks
Preposition
Preposition of Place
Parts of Speech
Possessive Adjective
Possessive Determiner
Possessive Case
Possessive Noun
Proper Adjective
Proper Noun
Present Participle
Quotation Marks
Relative Pronoun
Reflexive Pronoun
Reciprocal Pronoun
Subordinating Conjunction
Simple Future Tense
Stative Verb
Subjunctive
Subject Complement
Subject of a Sentence
Sentence Variety
Second Conditional
Superlative Adjective
Slash Symbol
Topic Sentence
Types of Nouns
Types of Sentences
Uncountable Noun
Vowels and Consonants

Popular lessons

Stay awhile. Your weekly dose of grammar and English fun.

The world's best online resource for learning English. Understand words, phrases, slang terms, and all other variations of the English language.

Abbreviations
Editorial Policy

clock This article was published more than 13 years ago

High-schoolers’ ‘recess’: Benefit or brain drain?

There is no limit to what you learn about schools if you listen to teachers. Did you know, for instance, that Fairfax County, the Washington region’s largest school district, is using 10 days a year of valuable instruction time on do-what-you-like recesses for high school students?

I didn’t, either. West Springfield High School physics teacher Ed Linz says this program, designed to help struggling students, is a waste. At his school, students get 90 free minutes a week, which they can use to find dates for Saturday night or check basketball scores, if they want. But his principal, Paul Wardinski, says most students do homework, work on group projects and enrich their studies. It helps teachers to be creative, he says, even if some students look for imaginative ways to goof off.

Linz disclosed the recesses to the county School Board last month. Like President Obama, he said that this is our Sputnik moment and that we can’t win the future throwing away precious class time.

Fairfax high schools have different names and schedules for the periods. At West Springfield, two 45-minute sessions a week are used to help the 10 percent or so of students in danger of flunking Virginia’s Standards of Learning exams. The periods are called “Spartan Time,” in honor of the school mascot. Linz says, “Many do not show up for the remediation.” Wardinski says the extra study time has reduced D’s and F’s by a third.

Students without F’s on their report cards, the vast majority, may do what they want. Linz says he sees too many of them “socializing, surfing the Internet or — I am not kidding — watching TV in the cafeteria, all during the school day, when parents assume their children are in class.”

Linz is a former Navy captain who once ran a nuclear submarine. He likes to be precise. He calculated that the sessions last year accounted for more than 3,400 minutes, the equivalent of about 10 days of instruction. He says other teachers tell him that the recesses make it harder to keep regular lessons on schedule.

“In my school, for example, all of our five physics teachers are already between one and two weeks behind,” he said. “All AP courses are being dramatically affected. These exams are difficult enough for students, even if you have a full year of instruction.”

Richard Moniuszko , deputy division superintendent for Fairfax public schools, says he knows of few such complaints. He says teachers are keeping all students on target. Struggling students need help during the school day so they can get to activities or jobs after school, or catch a bus home, he says. When I pointed out that Montgomery County, Fairfax’s academic rival across the Potomac, doesn’t do it that way, he laughed and said, “That’s because we are better than they are.”

He was not happy, however, about students watching TV. He said he planned to fix that because all students should be studying. Wardinski said that only about 100 West Springfield students spend Spartan Time in the cafeteria: They have to be on the honor roll for A and B students (about 600 of the school’s 2,259 students qualify). Most work on group projects, the principal says, because one TV set is stuck on a school channel and the other has just ESPN with the sound off. Internet surfing is possible in the library, but Facebook is blocked. Students are not supposed to use cellphones.

Linz insists that this is stealing instruction “from the majority of students who attend school regularly” and is giving remedial instruction to “a small number of students who do not come to school regularly and who do virtually no assigned work.”

Wardinski disagrees and seems open to more ideas. Maybe the students who don’t need remediation could be assigned research papers, something nearly every high school avoids. They could examine the issue of what does and does not constitute wasting time in school.

Research Paper

Brain drain research paper.

This sample Brain Drain Research Paper is published for educational and informational purposes only. If you need help writing your assignment, please use our research paper writing service and buy a paper on any topic at affordable price. Also check our tips on how to write a research paper , see the lists of research paper topics , and browse research paper examples .

This research paper focuses on brain drain. It surveys some of the reasons there are high rates of skilled worker migration from developing countries, the harms and beneﬁts that result from these departures, the kinds of policies that might address the losses, and the agents who have a role to play in working toward solutions. It also covers arguments for some of the key responsibilities and some frequently mentioned objections to promising solutions, along with responses.

Introduction

A pressing global health issue concerns the lack of human resources able to attend to enormous contemporary healthcare needs. The problems are most acute in developing countries. Consider, for instance, how while Africa has about 10 % of the world’s population, it bears 25 % of the global disease burden that it must service with only 3 % of the world’s global healthcare workforce.

The shortage problems are rendered more pressing when the phenomenon of brain drain exists. This occurs when skilled citizens depart countries at reasonably high rates, leaving behind less skilled (or unskilled) citizens. The problems of brain drain are acutely felt in the health sector as large numbers of healthcare workers choose to leave low-income countries for better prospects in high-income ones. But the problem of brain drain is a broad one and affects many professions such as engineering, information technology, law, or education. Since an effective and legitimate state needs a variety of skilled persons to help provide important goods and services, the departure of many high-skilled citizens can have important effects on those left behind. These include effects on development, educational attainment, levels of income and growth, economic prosperity, and most importantly for the purposes of this research paper , both health outcomes and opportunities for healthcare.

Healthcare workers can often experience signiﬁcant challenges in low-income countries, including lack of adequate resources to practice medicine effectively and few opportunities for professional advancement, so it is understandable that many wish to leave their countries of origin. While the freedom of movement of all, including healthcare professionals, is an important consideration that deserves signiﬁcant weight, so are the healthcare workers’ responsibilities to reciprocate for signiﬁcant beneﬁts received, such as having received costly training at taxpayers’ expense. Balancing these considerations, there are several recommendable policy options that are explored below. To begin the analysis, some of the harms and beneﬁts that result from high levels of skilled worker migration are cataloged. While several beneﬁts are often highlighted, so are notable harms, including harms to healthcare systems, development, and health opportunities and outcomes for those left behind.

Who can be expected to play a role in addressing the losses? Many agents have an important contribution to make. Agents from high-income countries should train sufﬁcient healthcare personnel so that chronic under shortages are reduced. Also, there should be compliance with guidelines for ethical recruitment, ensuring compensation when important losses result. Agents in low-income countries also have important responsibilities. They should do what they can to make staying a more attractive option. In addition, they may permissibly expect migrants to play a role through reasonable compulsory service or taxation programs. This research paper covers some of the arguments as to why such programs may be justiﬁed. The paper also considers several objections to such programs, especially those that maintain any conditions on healthcare workers unfairly limit their freedom. Finally, it shows how carefully crafted compulsory service and taxation programs may be permissible, along with a range of other policies.

History And Development: Background Of The Issue

The lack of healthcare workers able to attend adequately to healthcare needs is one of the most severe global health issues we face today. According to the World Health Organization, there is a global shortage of approximately 4.3 million healthcare workers (Oxfam International 2007). The shortages affect both developing and developed countries alike. However, developing countries experience this problem more acutely as their healthcare needs in the face of a greater disease burden are much more urgent and the rate at which they lose their healthcare workers is sometimes quite alarming. There are many reasons why healthcare workers might wish to leave countries of origin, including the search for better personal and professional opportunities in other, especially high-income, countries. However, healthcare professionals’ departure presents a number of ethical issues for different agents, including for the migrants, those in destination countries, and those in countries of origin.

The World Health Organization has estimated that the minimum number of healthcare workers a country needs to deliver basic health services is 2.5 health workers per 1,000 population (WHO 2006). Sadly, 75 countries (the vast majority of which are in Africa) are below this threshold and are therefore unable to deliver basic healthcare to their citizens. Some of the countries with the most compromised health systems suffer the highest rates of healthcare worker departures, with some well-known cases of countries (such as Ghana and South Africa) losing more healthcare professionals than they are able to train each year. It is widely reported that in 2001 Ghana lost 500 nurses, which is more than double the number of nurses graduated that year. In some countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, the rates at which health professionals depart is so high that it threatens the viability of the healthcare system with signiﬁcant consequences for the health of those who live in developing countries.

While some of these professionals travel on their own initiative to high-income countries in search of better job prospects, there is also a highly organized system of active recruitment from high-income countries that facilitates this movement. In fact, high-income countries often rely on dealing with their staff shortages by recruiting from some of the countries suffering the worst shortages.

The Freedom Of Healthcare Workers To Emigrate

Healthcare workers often face signiﬁcant obstacles in their work and personal lives in many low-income countries. Large workloads with insufﬁcient staff to address the huge needs, lack of adequate equipment, facilities, and other resources, or poor conditions of employment such as having to practice in areas with epidemics of serious diseases may make healthcare delivery particularly challenging. Low salaries with few opportunities for further professional training and development may add to the difﬁculties. High levels of violence, instability, government incompetence, or corruption may provide further push factors driving workers to seek better prospects elsewhere. High-income or developed countries frequently appear to offer higher salaries, more professional opportunities, better standards of living, and more generally, opportunities for workers and their families to live secure and prosperous lives. Who could blame such professionals for wanting to move? Surely, all healthcare workers should be free to leave their countries of origin if they choose to do so?

Healthcare workers, like everyone else, should enjoy freedom of movement including the freedom to cross borders. However, their departure can sometimes raise ethical issues about uncompensated losses that result from their actions. There are normative questions about departing citizens’ responsibilities, fair terms of exit, and signiﬁcant losses in educational resources and public funds when citizens receive expensive training from poor countries with limited resources, training which then does not beneﬁt citizens of that country but rather patients from afﬂuent countries. These and other factors are often invoked to marshal a case for the healthcare workers’ obligations to “give back” to the country of origin, in some way or other. The forms this might take and the arguments for the obligation are discussed below. The effects of healthcare worker migration are discussed next.

What Consequences Result From Healthcare Worker Migration?

There is an enormous literature on the effects of healthcare worker migration on home and host countries. Due to space limitations, just some of the main issues are discussed. While there are many studies documenting the net beneﬁts for destination countries and migrants, much of the more mixed results concern the effects for the countries of origin.

Some sectors are especially badly affected by high departure rates. Brain drain in the health sector can be particularly damaging for citizens in developing countries as such countries are typically under resourced with generally weak institutions, so that even small losses can undermine the effectiveness of an entire health system (Bundred and Levitt 2000; Mills et al. 2008). Skilled citizens who depart also facilitate much further damage that can have a more indirect effect on healthcare (Kapur and McHale 2005). There are important ﬁscal losses when skilled workers depart, and this can present a signiﬁcant loss for tax receipts, public revenue available to spend on public goods, and a loss in opportunity for progressive tax regimes. Also, since skilled workers’ knowledge about best practices, technical issues, organizational methods, and so on spreads to others in the economy, their departure can block important knowledge transfer. High-skilled worker migration also reduces income, economic growth, and opportunities for beneﬁcial forms of development. Highly skilled people are important in building institutions, which are in turn crucial in promoting development. Skilled citizens are both important sources of demand and supply for institutional reform. Skilled citizens can also be an important factor in demanding and supplying what is needed for robust democracies. So the departure of skilled citizens can present ﬁnancial losses, losses in skills and services, loss of institution-building assets, and losses for development and robust democracies (Kapur and McHale 2005). All of these general phenomena can have important effects for healthcare delivery in those countries (Brock and Blake 2015).

There is also a vast literature on some of the alleged positive beneﬁts that can accrue from departing individuals (Brock and Blake 2015; Clemens 2007; Docquier and Rapoport 2012; Gibson and McKenzie 2011). It is suggested that there are several ways in which high skill migration can result in positive poverty-reducing effects and can generally beneﬁt countries of origin. Let us review some of these.

First, increased human capital formation. The idea here is that the prospect of departure provides incentives for many to acquire skills they would not otherwise have had if additional training did not present opportunities to leave. Not all of those with newly acquired skills will in fact leave, so countries of origin will beneﬁt from an increased pool of skilled workers. Second, there are network or diaspora effects. Emigrants who live in other countries can be important assets to countries of origin. For instance, they can facilitate new trading opportunities. Third, many migrants return to countries of origin bringing back new skills, ideas, and social or ﬁnancial capital. Fourth, and arguably the most noted beneﬁt, is thought to be remittances. Migrants together send an enormous volume of funds to family and friends back in countries of origin. These payments go directly to individuals whose lives can be considerably enhanced by these revenue streams.

Some are more skeptical about these effects resulting in entirely positive gains for countries of origin. While there is some evidence for the additional training beneﬁting source countries, some argue that the magnitude of the effect is rather small (Bhargava et al. 2011). Brain gain is not always beneﬁcial to source countries as skills are acquired in areas thought to be valuable to destination countries. So geriatric training may receive a boost but not tropical medicine. In addition, any brain gain may not be sufﬁciently great to outweigh all the negative outcomes that result from medical brain drain such as increased adult deaths from AIDS, lower health status, and life expectancy for the general population (Bhargava and Docquier 2008).

Diaspora and network effects can be quite important. Migrants can facilitate the ﬂow of knowledge and goods between countries, as we see with India’s information technology sector. But caution is often advised because what is true for a large country with a highly skilled population may hold not at all for a small country with few skilled citizens (Docquier and Rapoport 2012).

While in theory returning migrants can promote reforms leading to improved institutions, the changes may also be skewed toward the beneﬁt of local and international elites rather than promoting institutional changes conducive to beneﬁcial forms of pro-poor development that help poor, marginalized sectors of the population (Brock and Blake 2015).

Remittances can be beneﬁcial, but they can also facilitate further damage. Remittances are typically sent to family members and, unless highly organized, rarely go toward funding public goods, training replacement workers, or on other ways to address structural forms of poverty or promote the common good, as governments are charged with doing. In fact, since it is the better-off who are usually in a position to migrate, remittance ﬂows can serve to exacerbate existing inequalities. The inﬂow of funds can create a certain dependence for the recipients of funds, can stimulate further migration as citizens become aware of wage differentials, economic activity can be further depressed by more migration, needed economic reforms can fail to take place, remittances tend to go on private consumption-oriented goods rather than public goods able to transform economies into ones likely to promote beneﬁcial development, and remittances tend to decline over time.

Given the huge range of considerations that can affect countries, it is no surprise that whether particular countries experience net losses or gains can vary quite considerably. Levels of skill in source countries, population size, levels of development, and geographic features are just some of the enormous range of factors that will play a part in whether high skill level migration will prove to be a net positive or negative for particular source countries (Gibson and McKenzie 2011; Docquier and Rapoport 2012). Despite the huge mixed literature, there are some important points that can be made, notably that international migration from poor to rich countries is a serious concern for developing countries. So the empirical literature reveals that there are some cases in which important net losses are, undeniably, occurring. When such net losses occur, what may poor developing countries do to remedy such losses? What are developed countries obligated to do? In order to address these issues, some policy options are explored in the next section.

Policy Options To Address Issues Of Brain Drain: Who Can Be Expected To Play A Role In Contributing To Solving These Problems?

What should developed world agents do.

Developed world agents are sometimes accused of poaching the human resources of poor, developing countries (Mills et al. 2008). Recruitment companies can be rather aggressive in targeting poor, under-resourced developing countries. Aggressive forms include recruitment practices in which recruiters try to entice an entire graduating class of a particular medical faculty or all the staff of a particular medical facility in a community that already suffers from critical shortages.

Without some ethical guidelines on fair recruitment practice, it may be that no genuine solution to the problems of brain drain is possible. Codes of practice that specify fair conduct in recruitment could help provide clear guidelines that could go some way toward stemming the most egregious practices, such as those that aggressively target the limited stock of skilled persons in a particular region (WHO 2010). Various penalties could apply to those found to be in violation, and with government cooperation, perpetrators could be properly held to account for any violations. The International Organization for Migration, the United Nations, or the World Health Organization could assist in monitoring and enforcing codes of practice, helping to facilitate bilateral agreements, and generally assist with policy implementation.

Compensation for luring away scarce skilled professionals should be a part of any fair code of conduct governing recruitment. Compensation could take a variety of important forms including transfer of technology, rotations in which developed world healthcare workers provide service in developing countries for a period, partnerships with healthcare facilities in developed countries that might be able to provide further resources to compensate for lost educational costs and to fund the training of future healthcare workers to stay in countries of origin, development aid, and so on.

Developed countries should consider training more staff themselves to ensure self-sufﬁciency with respect to their healthcare professional needs, so that they do not need to recruit outside of their own countries.

What May Developing Country Governments Defensibly Do In Responding To The Problems Associated With Brain Drain?

Some argue that developing countries may permissibly reform tertiary-level training curricula to ensure citizens are less marketable and more useful to countries of origin. In this regard, locally relevant healthcare training that focuses on cost-effective treatments for local endemic diseases is seen as a justiﬁed response to problems of brain drain. Other educational reforms might include training more healthcare practitioners to do routine jobs such as administering vaccines that do not require lengthy or costly training programs (Brock and Blake 2015).

Given the investment of public resources in funding the training of skilled departing citizens, some argue that it can be entirely reasonable to expect those citizens trained in healthcare work in developing countries to undertake a limited, reasonably short period of compulsory service before degrees are awarded or departure is permissible. Another policy option, ﬁrst made popular by Jagdish Bhagwati, is to argue for the permissibility of various taxation programs for the departing citizens (Bhagwati and Hansen 2009). Conditional education grants repayable on emigration is a further option. The more controversial policies are often thought to be compulsory service and taxation programs. These are discussed further next.

First, what is a compulsory service program? The main idea is that after a course of study is completed, the student is required to undertake a period of service in a particular underserved community –those areas that have difﬁculty attracting sufﬁcient capable staff able to deliver necessary healthcare services, perhaps because they are geographically remote and appear to offer fewer opportunities for the student or her family. While compulsory service can include a variety of types of schemes, there are many counted as such that are more aptly described as incentive programs (rather than compulsory service), such as offering employees subsidized free housing, education for children, low-rate loan opportunities, or higher salaries, in order to work in underserved communities (Frehywot et al. 2010).

One of the most common schemes categorized as compulsory service is one in which there is a delay (such as 1 year) between completing the ofﬁcial education program to be awarded the degree and the actual conferment of the degree.

In practice, many of the newly trained are likely to remain in the country at least until the degree is awarded, and during that period, the healthcare worker might be quite reliant on government-provided opportunities, such as to work in underserved communities. This policy of strategic delay might in effect have the same result as a more explicitly coercive program. In fact, this strategy of withholding certiﬁcation necessary for legal practice within the country is the most common way to enforce service requirements, with 64 % of the compulsory service programs Frehywot et al. surveyed reporting this practice (2010).

Those opposed to such policies argue that it is unfair to expect the burden of building developing societies to fall on those who just happen to be born into them. The duty to assist with development should spread to the world as a whole. In addition, states committed to liberal values cannot consistently coercively prevent its citizens from leaving, either by mandating compulsory service or requiring them to pay taxes as a condition of exit. Further arguments are needed to address such objections.

Why Is It Reasonable To Expect Skilled Emigrants To Play A Part In Solving Problems Associated With Brain Drain?

Some common arguments for migrants’ having important responsibilities to play a part in addressing problems that result from high skilled worker migration are canvassed here. Well governed communities usually make forecasts about health needs and plan to meet such projected needs. They invest in training the necessary personnel so citizens’ current and future health needs can be met. They thereby commit scarce resources with the expectation that their investment will beneﬁt communities. When migrants leave, they tend to disrupt these plans, but more to the point, the migrants can be accused of free riding on the public good without adequate reciprocity. They have beneﬁted from the community’s resources without giving back to it (Brock and Blake 2015).

When skilled citizens leave, there are many costs imposed which communities must now absorb. There are the training costs, typically heavily subsidized by the community. There is the loss of a stream of services she would have provided if she had remained. There is the loss of income from taxed wages which could be allocated to public goods, such as further heath care, and more generally the loss of persons likely to make an important contribution to beneﬁcial development, through contributing to its necessary precursors (e.g., healthcare). Those left behind are therefore worse off in several respects – fewer healthcare workers are available to treat patients, fewer resources are available for healthcare, and as a result, the disease burden may well increase.

Citizens typically receive a number of beneﬁts as a member of a community that is functioning minimally well. While living in her country of origin, she would have received a number of public and private goods of considerable value, such as enjoying a certain level of peace and protection of basic rights; she would also have enjoyed a certain level of education, infrastructure, and so on. So on plausible views about reciprocity and political obligation, she has thereby accumulated debts that are usually discharged by giving back as an adult productive member of that community. If she leaves, or intends to leave, other ways to discharge the debt might be thought appropriate.

Furthermore, detailed arguments can be added to bolster this view that high-skill emigrants have a role to play. Several are offered by Brock and Blake (2015). These include the following: (i) There are arguments from fairness and the requirements of reciprocity: when there has been provision of important beneﬁts, a ﬁtting response is owed which can take the shape of requiring skilled citizens to assume a fair share of burdens. (ii) By leaving without such ﬁtting responses or other adequate forms of compensation, the emigrant creates disadvantage for others. Several disadvantages can be identiﬁed such as a higher workload for those who remain or the loss of revenue that can entail underfunding for core services. Those left behind are made more vulnerable such that the prospect of enjoying adequate healthcare resources could be threatened. (iii) By leaving without adequate compensation for losses, emigrants thwart governments’ attempts to discharge their duties properly through undermining plans they had made to invest resources wisely in ways that would beneﬁt citizens and assist them in meeting core needs. (iv) By undermining governments’ abilities to discharge their duties and provide for citizens’ needs, this can also destabilize states. Remaining citizens can thereby lose conﬁdence in ineffective and dysfunctional governments, and this can undermine citizens’ willingness to support states, leading to destructive behavior, even state failure. (v) Governments are entitled to a fair return on investment when they invest scarce resources to create the human capital necessary for them to take care of citizens’ needs. For governments not to claim a fair return on their investments would be to commit resources unwisely, and governments surely have duties not to squander public resources. Governments are therefore entitled to claim compensation from those who beneﬁt from public resources which they have invested intending to beneﬁt their citizens. The destination country and the emigrants both beneﬁt from their investment, so both can be reasonably expected to play a part in assisting with solving these problems.

One objection is considered before closing this section. Why expect the skilled citizen to absorb costs for her bad luck of being born into a developing country that needs her skills? Why not spread the cost of addressing these losses across all, no matter what their country of birth? What about all those lucky enough to be born into developed countries with superior healthcare resources? Why not expect them to play a part in absorbing costs as well, compensating poor countries for their bad luck (as it were), especially when they have a history of aggressively recruiting scarce healthcare resources away from such countries? Even if it is conceded that developed world agents have a signiﬁcant role to play, this concession does not address the further question of whether the departing healthcare worker can defensibly be asked to play a role as well. Many have important obligations to contribute to addressing the brain drain problem without this entirely canceling or displacing the migrants’ responsibilities.

What Can Reasonably Be Required Of Highskill Citizens Who Wish To Depart?

What constitutes a ﬁtting response for emigrants to make? Suitably measured and crafted programs of compulsory service and taxation can be justiﬁed as a ﬁtting response to these concerns, such as short compulsory service programs (e.g., of 1–2 years) or programs of taxation that levy small taxes on departed citizens for a limited period (e.g., 5 years). Taxation might be thought somewhat easier to justify given that it appears to be less disruptive of emigrants’ plans to relocate. However, others have the view that this lets the emigrant off too lightly as it does not address the central losses developing countries must face, namely, a lack of skilled personnel able to attend to citizens’ health needs. A short period of compulsory service (such as 1 or 2 years) might be thought to constitute an entirely reasonable exchange for those who are trained at the public’s expense. This can be especially plausible when those who accept funding for courses of study sign contracts to serve the community for a short period after training has been completed. This can also be argued as a plausible condition to attach to taking up an opportunity to acquire skills on limited entry programs, even when tuition fees are not paid by the state. After all, taking up a place on limited entry courses still absorbs resources and presents costs, including opportunity costs, should the graduate fail to remain in her country of training.

Any program of compulsory service must carefully balance conﬂicting desiderata that relate to addressing losses created on departure, reciprocity for the beneﬁts received, and fairness to the migrant as well. We must take seriously her needs, rights, interests, and so forth. Asking her to delay plans for 1 year may be entirely reasonable, but lengthy periods such as 20 years may not be. The sacriﬁces we can expect people to make must be reasonable and cannot require them to abandon their life projects and plans completely. Reasonable arrangements typically also allow some ﬂexibility such as the ability to buy out of any compulsory service, for a suitably high but reasonable fee. Some physicians currently use the buy-out method in Iran.

There are a number of caveats that should attend any plausible case for compulsory service. Compulsory service can only reasonably be expected if the costs of staying are not unreasonable, for instance, those who stay would not have their basic human rights protected (Brock and Blake 2015).

Common Objections To Programs Such As Compulsory Service Or Taxation That Place Conditions On – And Therefore Appear To Restrict – The Freedom Of Migrants

Do such programs restrict freedom? One consideration that is offered in response to concerns that such programs do objectionably restrict freedom is that this objection focuses on the freedom of those who choose to leave and ignores the freedom of those left behind. Those who remain are also entitled to enjoy the freedom to live and work in their home country. Without any attempts to deal with losses created by migration, those left behind have signiﬁcantly reduced positive freedom to live decent lives in their home countries. If we take freedom seriously, we should weight everyone’s freedom equally and try to secure for all a genuine opportunity to live and work in their home countries. So on this line of argument, we need to give equal recognition to everyone’s freedom, not just the migrants’, which means taking account of the rights, freedoms, needs, and opportunities of those who remain, whose lives will be made worse off by privileging the migrant’s freedom.

Some argue that freedom of movement is a special liberty that deserves to be given extra weight. We should privilege freedom of movement because in the hierarchy of freedoms it is more important and therefore should not be restricted. Others argue that freedom of movement, when properly understood, already entails signiﬁcant restrictions. We may quarantine people for public health reasons or restrict their movement onto threatened habitats in efforts to protect them. Others’ property rights may restrict others from going where they wish. The scope and content of our freedoms constantly bumps up against others’ defensible interests, and so it is always a further question which of two weighty claims should take precedence in a particular case. Limits to freedom are often placed where they would constitute important harm to others’ interests. In the case of programs of taxation or compulsory service, we have a familiar conﬂict to weigh up and, it is argued, the harms that would result from uncompensated departure are of sufﬁcient magnitude that they should take precedence.

Those opposed to compulsory service often maintain that requiring migrants to remain in countries of origin is counterproductive as this is frequently not the best way for a migrant to help her country of origin. Does requiring presence make sense? Some cite data that suggests many who remain are unemployed and so requiring them to stay helps no one (Hidalgo 2013). At least those who leave will be employed and provide more assistance by remitting funds back to friends and family in countries of origin. One response to this concern is to emphasize that those who are required to stay by the state should be usefully deployed by that state, if the arguments for compulsory service are to hold up. So this observation does not weaken the normative case but rather shows the need for more carefully considered compulsory service programs that do make good use of their healthcare resources.

Some view compulsory service as unusually and especially coercive. However, reasonable compulsory service programs are not necessarily unusually coercive. At least 70 countries in the world deploy compulsory service programs. Mexico introduced the ﬁrst such program in 1936. And they are to be found in developing and developed countries alike, including Singapore, Malaysia, India, and South Africa. So if these programs are coercive, many countries have chosen to adopt coercive programs. However, others argue that these programs are not objectionably coercive. The levels of coercion are not dissimilar to other practices commonly thought permissible. So consider how medical residency often involves long hours of service at others’ discretion for little pay. In fact, laboring for the beneﬁt of others is a familiar part of living in a well-functioning community that has practices of redistributive taxation. Redistributive taxation involves forgoing some income for the beneﬁt of others, income typically received through labor, and it is a widely accepted feature of liberal democracies that such contributions can reasonably be required of us in playing our part to produce communities that we value and that offer appropriate assistance to vulnerable members of our community.

Brain drain is essentially a global problem that will only be effectively solved by global action with many international agents playing a part in working toward solutions. Because of its global dynamics, low-income countries may not be able to solve the complex issues inherent in brain drain unilaterally. Many suggestions about what they may permissibly do have been discussed here, including the permissibility of changing the curriculum to make local students less internationally marketable, compulsory service programs, and taxation schemes. Reforming the way in which international actors behave and the architecture of international institutions also have tremendously important roles to play. The WHO code of practice is a useful development in aiming at solutions. The 2010 WHO’s “Global Code of Practice on the International Recruitment of Health Personnel” offers valuable policy guidelines. Bilateral agreements should encourage cooperating states to discuss reimbursement options for sending countries or other ways in which both countries might gain from patterns of worker migration.

Bibliography :

Bhagwati, J., & Hansen, G. (2009). Skilled migration today: Prospects, problems, and policies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bhargava, A., & Docquier, F. (2008). HIV pandemic, medical brain drain, and economic development in sub-Saharan Africa. World Bank Economic Review, 22, 345–366.
Bhargava, A., Docquier, F., & Moullan, Y. (2011). Modeling the effects of physician emigration on human development. Economics and Human Biology, 9, 172–183.
Brock, G., & Blake, M. (2015). Debating brain drain: May governments restrict emigration? New York: Oxford University Press.
Bundred, P., & Levitt, C. (2000). Medical migration: Who are the real losers? Lancet, 356, 245–246.
Clemens, M. (2007). Do visas kill? Health effects of African health professional emigration (Center for Global Development working paper 114). Washington, DC: Center for Global Development.
Docquier, F., & Rapoport, H. (2012). Globalization, brain drain, and development. Journal of Economic Literature, 50, 681–730.
Frehywot, S., Mullan, F., Payne, P., & Ross, H. (2010). Compulsory service programmes for recruiting health workers in remote and rural areas: Do they work? Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 88, 364–370.
Gibson, J., & McKenzie, D. (2011). Eight questions about brain drain. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 25, 107–128.
Hidalgo, J. (2013). The active recruitment of health workers: A defence. Journal of Medical Ethics, 39, 603–609.
Kapur, D., & McHale, J. (2005). Give us your best and brightest: The global hunt for talent and its impact on the developing world. Washington, DC: Center for Global Development.
Mills, E., Schaba, W., Volmink, J., et al. (2008). Should active recruitment of health workers from sub-Saharan Africa be viewed as a crime? Lancet, 371, 685–688.
Oxfam International. (2007). Paying for people. www.oxfam.org.nz/imgs/about/070314PayingForPeople.pdf. Accessed Feb 2015.
World Health Organization. (2006). World health report: Working together for health. http://www.who.int/whr/2006/whr06_en.pdf. Accessed Feb 2015.
World Health Organization. (2010). Resolution WHA63.16. The WHO global code of practice on the international recruitment of health personnel. World Health Organization 2010; Sixty-third World Health Assembly. http://www.who.int/hrh/migration/code/ WHO_global_code_of_practice_EN.pdf. Accessed Feb 2015.
Brock, G. (2009). Global justice: A cosmopolitan account. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Dwyer, J. (2007). What’s wrong with the global migration of health care professionals? Hastings Center Report, 37, 36–43.
Eyal, N., & Hurst, S. (2008). Physician brain drain: Can nothing be done? Public Health Ethics, 1, 180–192.
Kollar, E., & Buyx, A. (2013). Ethics and policy of medical brain drain: A review. Swiss Medical Weekly, 143. Available at http://www.smw.ch/content/smw-2013-13845/
How to Write a Research Paper
Research Paper Topics
Research Paper Examples

Free research papers are not written to satisfy your specific instructions. You can use our professional writing services to buy a custom research paper on any topic and get your high quality paper at affordable price .

ORDER HIGH QUALITY CUSTOM PAPER

Sujets similaires - Similar topics

0 commentaires, enregistrer un commentaire, top topics - popular posts.

Production écrite sur le travail-texte argumentatif - L'importance Du Travail - essai

IMAGES

Brain drain
Brain Drain Essay
Essay on Brain Drain
Causes And Effects Of Brain Drain Essay
Brain Drain & Brain Circulation
481 Word Essay on The Brain Drain Problem

VIDEO

Becoming Jeffrey Mishlove, Interview by Jana Rogge
An Essay/Article/Paragraph on Brain Drain/Class-12 Article Writing
Brain 🧠Drain essay#shortvideo #essaywriting #english
Terminal Brain Rot and How to Fix It
Essay on Brain Drain
Brain Drain In India

COMMENTS

Brain Drain Essay
100 Words Essay On Brain Drain. The term 'Brain Drain' is often used to refer to the emigration of highly educated or skilled individuals from one country to another. The loss of these individuals can have negative effects on the native country, including a shortage of qualified workers and deterioration of the quality of education and ...
Brain Drain Essay for Students in English
Essay on Brain Drain. Brain Drain is defined as the emigration or migration of individuals of talents and skills from developing or under-developed countries to developed ones. It means impoverishment of intellectuals, professionals, and technical resources of one country and enriching another. It is also known as the mass departure of skillful ...
Brain Drain: Analyzing Its Causes and Effects
Brain Drain, often described as the emigration of highly skilled and educated individuals from less developed or unstable regions to more developed regions, is a phenomenon deeply ingrained in the global socio-economic landscape. This occurrence has both positive and negative effects, which bear scrutiny.
Brain Drain: Causes, Consequences, and Solutions
1. Loss of Human Capital: Brain drain results in the loss of highly skilled individuals, which can hinder a country's economic and technological development. 2. Impact on Health and Education: The emigration of healthcare professionals and educators can have a detrimental impact on healthcare systems and educational institutions in source ...
Short Essay: Brain Drain
Brain drain, or the emigration of skilled and educated individuals from one country or region to another, typically for better pay or living conditions, is a multifaceted issue with significant implications for nations and their development. Writing a short essay on this topic requires a balanced exploration of its causes, effects, and possible ...
Brain Drain [Sample Essays and Vocabulary]
Brain Drain Essay: Discuss Both Views. Here is our second question: Some people believe that professionals, such as doctors and engineers, should be required to work in the country where they did their training. ... Then, of course, there is the argument that all people should have some freedom of movement. Particularly in the case of highly ...
Essay on Brain Drain
500 Words Essay on Brain Drain Understanding the Phenomenon of Brain Drain. Brain Drain, also known as Human Capital Flight, is a phenomenon where skilled and educated individuals migrate from less developed or developing countries to developed nations in search of better opportunities. This migration, while offering personal growth for ...
Essays on Brain Drain
Brain drain, the emigration of highly skilled and educated individuals from one country to another, is a phenomenon that has significant implications for both the source and destination countries. This essay will delve into the causes and consequences of brain drain, as well as potential...
Essay on Brain Drain
The essay on brain drain will help students to understand the reason behind brain drain and how this problem can be solved. Students can also check out the list of CBSE Essays to practise more essays on different topics and boost their essay writing skills. 500+ Words Essay on Brain Drain.
Brain Drain Essay
The first essay is a long essay on Brain Drain of 400-500 words. This long essay about Brain Drain is suitable for students of class 7, 8, 9 and 10, and also for competitive exam aspirants. The second essay is a short essay on Brain Drain of 150-200 words. These are suitable for students and children in class 6 and below.
Essay on Brain Drain
Short Essay on Brain Drain in English 150 words. Brain Drain implies the loss of a country in its share of skilled and genius people. These talented people migrate to other countries, which promise them better career prospects. Throughout the last few years, the matter of Brain Drain has been of a growing concern for India.
Essay on Brain Drain: A Global Challenge and Opportunity
Introduction to Brain Drain. "Knowledge exists, nations suffer the cost of brain drain.". Brain Drain, a significant global issue, refers to the mass migration of skilled individuals from their native countries in pursuit of better opportunities overseas. Driven by economic, professional, and political factors, this phenomenon presents ...
Full article: Mitigating the costs of departure. Brain drain
Introduction. The migration of highly skilled individuals from developing to developed countries (commonly known as brain drain Footnote 1) came to be recognized as a discernible trend of an increasingly globalized world in the 1960s.The interest of economists, political scientists and, more recently, political philosophers for the issues raised by brain drain and the possible public responses ...
PDF The Economics and Philosophy of The Brain Drain: a Critical ...
One of the most influential arguments to enter the brain drain debate in recent decades is that brain drain has positive effects because of the incentive created for human capital investment (Mountford 1997, Stark, Helmenstein and Prskawetz 1998). In some respects this is a very typical argument for an economist.
Brain Drain: Causes and Effects
Brain Drain: Causes and Effects. Chapter. pp 385-415. Cite this chapter. Download book PDF. Amartya Sen. Part of the book series: International Economic Association Conference Volumes, Numbers 1-50 ( (IEA)) 123 Accesses. 3 Citations.
Explore Brain Drain Essay Examples for Free at StudyMoose
Essay examples. guide. FAQ. 1. Brain Drain: The Good And The Bad. Words • 622. Pages • 3. The Philippines' current situation shows statistics that will confirm that Filipinos continue to seek greater chances of living abroad, and as if the decades-long it seems like "brain drain" displays no signs of stopping.
Essay On Brain Drain
Persuasive Essay On Brain Break Essay about Drugs Affect on Brain Brain Drain And The Allure Of High Income Abroad The Many Functions of The Brain Essays Essay. Skip to document. University; High School. Books; ... Persuasive Essay On Brain Break. Brain breaks are a must have in any classroom in modern day education, students also love them. ...
Argumentative Essay Examples (3 College Samples to Use)
Rebuttals of opposing points are also included in this type of essay. The Rogerian paradigm examines both sides of an argument, weighs their advantages and disadvantages, and then draws a decision. Argumentative essay examples. Below are three examples of argumentative essays. Essay Example 1:
High-schoolers' 'recess': Benefit or brain drain?
Ed Linz, a physics teacher in Fairfax County, says the county is using the equivalent of 10 instructional days a year to prepare a few struggling students for state tests while the rest surf the ...
Brain Drain Research Paper Example
Brain drain in the health sector can be particularly damaging for citizens in developing countries as such countries are typically under resourced with generally weak institutions, so that even small losses can undermine the effectiveness of an entire health system (Bundred and Levitt 2000; Mills et al. 2008).
Brain Drain
Brain Drain | Bac essays | Writing Bac | anglais | English. - janvier 07, 2021 Writing. The migration of highly qualified and trained employees, in my view, produces both advantages and problems. For certain workers, willing to change their financial condition or to avoid economic or political problems in their own countries at an individual ...
Essay On Brain Drain In India
The Many Functions of The Brain Essays Canadas Brain Drain Issue Essay Purab Aur Paschim Themes The Functionalist Perspective Persuasive Essay On How To Affect. Skip to document. University; High School. ... Argument Essay On Social Media. Nursing Skill Development 100% (5) 39. Good Person Essay. Essay 100% (5) 40. Advertisements Analysis Essay.
Argumentative Writing: Brain Drain (الكتابة الحجاجية) By English With
الإنجليزية مع السيمو قناة الأستاذ محمد بوجامع من المغرب. هذه القناة مخصصة لمساعدة المتعلمين العرب على فهم ...

Products & Resources

Colleges & Courses

Predictors & E-Books

Predictors & Articles

Top Courses & Careers

Quick Links

Diploma Colleges

Upcoming Events

Other Exams

Top Countries

Student Visas

Engineering Preparation

Medical Preparation

Online Courses

Top Streams

Specializations

Top Providers

Brain Drain Essay

200 Words Essay On Brain Drain

Factors Responsible For Brain Drain

Effects Of Brain Drain

Applications for Admissions are open.

Aakash iACST Scholarship Test 2024

ALLEN Digital Scholarship Admission Test (ADSAT)

JEE Main Important Physics formulas

PW JEE Coaching

PW NEET Coaching

JEE Main Important Chemistry formulas

Download Careers360 App's

We Appeared in

Essay on Brain Drain

Push Factors:

Pull Factors:

There are Three Types of Brain Drain

10 facts on Brain Drain Essay

FAQs on Brain Drain Essay

Short Essay: Brain Drain

Title and Introduction

Exploring the Causes

Effects of Brain Drain

Solutions and Mitigation Strategies

Brain Drain Essay Example #1

Brain Drain Essay Example #2

Brain Drain Essay Example #3

Final Writing Tips

About Mr. Greg

Writing Correction Service

Brain Drain [Sample Essays and Vocabulary]

What is “brain drain” and how could it appear in IELTS?

Language related to “brain drain”

How to think of ideas about “brain drain”

Sample Essays

Brain Drain Essay: Problems and Solutions

Sample Answer

Notes on the Answer

Brain Drain Essay: Discuss Both Views

About The Author

David S. Wills

Related Posts

Sample Letter About Cookery Course [IELTS General Writing]

Sample Answer: Ageing Population

Taxing Fast Food: Model IELTS Essay

Sample Task 2 Essay

Leave a reply Cancel reply

Download my IELTS Books

Recent Posts

Recent Comments

Essay on Brain Drain

100 Words Essay on Brain Drain

Causes of Brain Drain

Effects of Brain Drain

250 Words Essay on Brain Drain

Impacts of Brain Drain

Counteracting Brain Drain

500 Words Essay on Brain Drain

The Driving Forces of Brain Drain

The Impact of Brain Drain

Brain Drain vs Brain Gain

Addressing the Issue of Brain Drain

Leave a Reply Cancel reply