underpopulation case study igcse geography

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Over-population and under-population

Over-population is when there are too many people to be supported to a good standard of living by the resources of a region or country.

Under-population is when a region or country has insufficient workers to exploit their resources efficiently, support retired populations and provide growth. i.e. too few people to use all the resources of an area to the maximum efficiency. Rural areas in LICs may become under-populated where agricultural production has fallen, and depopulation has occurred. It could also happen when land in rural areas is abandoned as people migrate to urban areas, natural hazards, war and communicable diseases such as HIV.

Most areas considered under-populated today are large in area and rich in resources. Examples include Canada, Australia and Mongolia.

The leading cause of overpopulation is high birth rates and falling death rates, leading to natural increase. The impacts of over-population include:

• Water – More than 1 billion people do not have access to safe drinking water around the world. In addition, over-population puts significant demand on agricultural production, which consumes more water than any other sector.
• Food – By 2050, the global demand for food could be more significant than production. Almost a billion people didn’t have enough food to lead a healthy life in 2015.
• Environment – Climate change, due to human emissions of greenhouse gases, is a significant consequence of overpopulation. The impact of climate change includes more extreme climate events, loss of natural ecosystems and sea-level rise.
• Services – Pressure is put on education, health care and social services due.
• Congestion – more significant demand for public transport and more cars on the road lead to congestion and increased air pollution.

The impacts of under-population include:

• a shortage of workers
• fewer people to pay tax
• closure of services
• wasted resources

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Unit 8: population - under-population case study - australia, under-population in australia.

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• Underpopulation & Overpopulation
• Created by: emilycooke15
• Created on: 02-11-18 12:04

Overpopulation  

The number of peole living in an area is greater than the resources and technonlogy available to make an adaquate standard of living

Case Study: Nigeria

Causes of Overpopulation in Nigeria                       Consequences of overpopulation

• Lack of contraception so high birth rates.       Not enough housing eg Kano, Slum Housing 
• Culture to have large families      …

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CIE IGCSE Geography: Population dynamics: Lesson 4 Over population case study

Subject: Geography

Age range: 14-16

Resource type: Lesson (complete)

Last updated

21 September 2021

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Lesson 4 for Theme 1: Population Dynamics CIE IGCSE Geography.

WALT: Build a case study exploring the impacts of overpopulation in Nigeria

Tasks focuses on causes of high population growth specific to Nigeria as well as the local impacts. Student friendly causes sheet included which was adapted from UN sources.

Lesson is ready to go and contains, tasks, links and handouts where necessary!

Planned tightly in line with the CIE syllabus during online learning but lesson will certainly work in all learning environments.

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A bundle is a package of resources grouped together to teach a particular topic, or a series of lessons, in one place.

CIE IGCSE Geography: Population dynamics lesson package

Includes 13 lessons planned in line with the Cambridge syllabus for Population Dynamics. Created during online learning but lessons will certainly work in all learning environments. Lessons are ready to go and contain tasks, links and handouts where necessary. Some lessons have separate slides for the teacher but the ones which do not will have most answers in the slide notes below. All tasks are clearly provided in a consistent way for both students and teachers and a range of skills within Bloom's taxonomy are included as well as introductions to common map and graph types which students will need to be familiar with. Lesson 1 uploaded as a free resource so teachers can decide if this package is for them. Reviews and feedback welcome!

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• 3. Under-Population - Australia
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• 1. Population and Settlement
• 1.1/3 Population and Population Structure

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GCSE Geography | Case Study: Almeria Greenhouses (Resource Management - Food 5)

Last updated 13 May 2024

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Almeria is in the south-east of Spain and is extremely arid (around 200 mm rainfall annually), despite this is grows most of the UK's out-of-season crops, such tomatoes, cucumbers and lettuce. But how does it manage this with such a dry climate?

Almeria is home to the largest concentration of greenhouses in the world (pictured below), spreading over 26,000 hectares in this part of Spain, and growing over half of the fruit and vegetables eaten in Europe. These greenhouses are an example of a large-scale agricultural development , and are owned and run by a mixture of individual farmers and large agri-businesses (farms that are run like huge commercial companies).

There are several reasons that large-scale agriculture has developed in Almeria. One of the main reasons is the demand for out-of-season produce from other countries such as the UK, and this region of Spain has an average temperature of 20°C and averages over 8 hours of sunshine so even in winter crops can grow in the greenhouses without any artificial light or heat, significantly reducing costs of production. Technology has also helped - recycled plastic has been developed to build the greenhouses, and new and faster methods of transport has spent that shipping is cheaper and more efficient. Costs are also lower because of cheap labour from immigrants from Northern Africa.

Benefits of large-scale agriculture in Almeria

• Cheaper fresh fruit and vegetables are available all year round
• Because of the proximity to the North Africa coast there is plenty of cheap migrant labour, as well as migrant workers from elsewhere in Europe
• Advancements in hydroponics and drip irrigation means that less water is used for food production, which is important in such an arid area
• A new desalinisation plant has been built to filter sea water and supply freshwater to the area
• Because it is warm and sunny all year there is little need for artificial lighting and heating which means that the energy costs are low
• The greenhouses generate a multiplier effect with jobs in local packing plants and factories that make the recycled plastic used to construct the greenhouses, and highly skilled research and development roles within the scientific and agribusiness companies that have located in the area

Drawbacks of large-scale agriculture in Almeria

• The greenhouses provide many job opportunities, however the migrant workers employed are often paid very low wages, and there are reports of them living and working in poor conditions, and unfortunately because many of them are working illegally they have no power to challenge their working conditions
• Despite the fact that water is being supplied by a new salinisation plant, and hydroponic techniques use less water, there is still a huge demand on groundwater sources, which are drying up
• The local environment is also being affected, for example plastic is being dumped into local rivers and the sea, which impacts marine habitats, and there is a lot of litter in the locality, including plastic sheeting and empty fertiliser and pesticide containers
• This type of agriculture uses a lot of pesticides which can have health impacts for workers
• Many people also feel that the greenhouses are an eyesore with thousands of hectares of land covered in plastic, which has ruined the local environment
• Locals also complain that the greenhouses have caused a slight drop in temperatures in the area as they reflect the sunlight back to the atmosphere, whereas the rest of Spain has seen an increase

• Resource sustainability
• Resource security
• Resource management
• Food production

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