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What is an Argumentative Essay? How to Write It (With Examples)

We define an argumentative essay as a type of essay that presents arguments about both sides of an issue. The purpose is to convince the reader to accept a particular viewpoint or action. In an argumentative essay, the writer takes a stance on a controversial or debatable topic and supports their position with evidence, reasoning, and examples. The essay should also address counterarguments, demonstrating a thorough understanding of the topic.

Table of Contents

• What is an argumentative essay?  
• Argumentative essay structure 
• Argumentative essay outline 
• Types of argument claims 

How to write an argumentative essay?

• Argumentative essay writing tips 
• Good argumentative essay example 

How to write a good thesis

• How to Write an Argumentative Essay with Paperpal? 

Frequently Asked Questions

What is an argumentative essay.

An argumentative essay is a type of writing that presents a coherent and logical analysis of a specific topic. 1 The goal is to convince the reader to accept the writer’s point of view or opinion on a particular issue. Here are the key elements of an argumentative essay: 

• Thesis Statement : The central claim or argument that the essay aims to prove. 
• Introduction : Provides background information and introduces the thesis statement. 
• Body Paragraphs : Each paragraph addresses a specific aspect of the argument, presents evidence, and may include counter arguments. 

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• Evidence : Supports the main argument with relevant facts, examples, statistics, or expert opinions. 
• Counterarguments : Anticipates and addresses opposing viewpoints to strengthen the overall argument. 
• Conclusion : Summarizes the main points, reinforces the thesis, and may suggest implications or actions. 

Argumentative essay structure

Aristotelian, Rogerian, and Toulmin are three distinct approaches to argumentative essay structures, each with its principles and methods. 2 The choice depends on the purpose and nature of the topic. Here’s an overview of each type of argumentative essay format.

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Argumentative essay outline

An argumentative essay presents a specific claim or argument and supports it with evidence and reasoning. Here’s an outline for an argumentative essay, along with examples for each section: 3  

1.  Introduction : 

• Hook : Start with a compelling statement, question, or anecdote to grab the reader’s attention. 

Example: “Did you know that plastic pollution is threatening marine life at an alarming rate?” 

• Background information : Provide brief context about the issue. 

Example: “Plastic pollution has become a global environmental concern, with millions of tons of plastic waste entering our oceans yearly.” 

• Thesis statement : Clearly state your main argument or position. 

Example: “We must take immediate action to reduce plastic usage and implement more sustainable alternatives to protect our marine ecosystem.” 

2.  Body Paragraphs : 

• Topic sentence : Introduce the main idea of each paragraph. 

Example: “The first step towards addressing the plastic pollution crisis is reducing single-use plastic consumption.” 

• Evidence/Support : Provide evidence, facts, statistics, or examples that support your argument. 

Example: “Research shows that plastic straws alone contribute to millions of tons of plastic waste annually, and many marine animals suffer from ingestion or entanglement.” 

• Counterargument/Refutation : Acknowledge and refute opposing viewpoints. 

Example: “Some argue that banning plastic straws is inconvenient for consumers, but the long-term environmental benefits far outweigh the temporary inconvenience.” 

• Transition : Connect each paragraph to the next. 

Example: “Having addressed the issue of single-use plastics, the focus must now shift to promoting sustainable alternatives.” 

3.  Counterargument Paragraph : 

• Acknowledgement of opposing views : Recognize alternative perspectives on the issue. 

Example: “While some may argue that individual actions cannot significantly impact global plastic pollution, the cumulative effect of collective efforts must be considered.” 

• Counterargument and rebuttal : Present and refute the main counterargument. 

Example: “However, individual actions, when multiplied across millions of people, can substantially reduce plastic waste. Small changes in behavior, such as using reusable bags and containers, can have a significant positive impact.” 

4.  Conclusion : 

• Restatement of thesis : Summarize your main argument. 

Example: “In conclusion, adopting sustainable practices and reducing single-use plastic is crucial for preserving our oceans and marine life.” 

• Call to action : Encourage the reader to take specific steps or consider the argument’s implications. 

Example: “It is our responsibility to make environmentally conscious choices and advocate for policies that prioritize the health of our planet. By collectively embracing sustainable alternatives, we can contribute to a cleaner and healthier future.” 

Types of argument claims

A claim is a statement or proposition a writer puts forward with evidence to persuade the reader. 4 Here are some common types of argument claims, along with examples: 

• Fact Claims : These claims assert that something is true or false and can often be verified through evidence.  Example: “Water boils at 100°C at sea level.”
• Value Claims : Value claims express judgments about the worth or morality of something, often based on personal beliefs or societal values. Example: “Organic farming is more ethical than conventional farming.” 
• Policy Claims : Policy claims propose a course of action or argue for a specific policy, law, or regulation change.  Example: “Schools should adopt a year-round education system to improve student learning outcomes.” 
• Cause and Effect Claims : These claims argue that one event or condition leads to another, establishing a cause-and-effect relationship.  Example: “Excessive use of social media is a leading cause of increased feelings of loneliness among young adults.” 
• Definition Claims : Definition claims assert the meaning or classification of a concept or term.  Example: “Artificial intelligence can be defined as machines exhibiting human-like cognitive functions.” 
• Comparative Claims : Comparative claims assert that one thing is better or worse than another in certain respects.  Example: “Online education is more cost-effective than traditional classroom learning.” 
• Evaluation Claims : Evaluation claims assess the quality, significance, or effectiveness of something based on specific criteria.  Example: “The new healthcare policy is more effective in providing affordable healthcare to all citizens.” 

Understanding these argument claims can help writers construct more persuasive and well-supported arguments tailored to the specific nature of the claim.  

If you’re wondering how to start an argumentative essay, here’s a step-by-step guide to help you with the argumentative essay format and writing process.

• Choose a Topic: Select a topic that you are passionate about or interested in. Ensure that the topic is debatable and has two or more sides.
• Define Your Position: Clearly state your stance on the issue. Consider opposing viewpoints and be ready to counter them.
• Conduct Research: Gather relevant information from credible sources, such as books, articles, and academic journals. Take notes on key points and supporting evidence.
• Create a Thesis Statement: Develop a concise and clear thesis statement that outlines your main argument. Convey your position on the issue and provide a roadmap for the essay.
• Outline Your Argumentative Essay: Organize your ideas logically by creating an outline. Include an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Each body paragraph should focus on a single point that supports your thesis.
• Write the Introduction: Start with a hook to grab the reader’s attention (a quote, a question, a surprising fact). Provide background information on the topic. Present your thesis statement at the end of the introduction.
• Develop Body Paragraphs: Begin each paragraph with a clear topic sentence that relates to the thesis. Support your points with evidence and examples. Address counterarguments and refute them to strengthen your position. Ensure smooth transitions between paragraphs.
• Address Counterarguments: Acknowledge and respond to opposing viewpoints. Anticipate objections and provide evidence to counter them.
• Write the Conclusion: Summarize the main points of your argumentative essay. Reinforce the significance of your argument. End with a call to action, a prediction, or a thought-provoking statement.
• Revise, Edit, and Share: Review your essay for clarity, coherence, and consistency. Check for grammatical and spelling errors. Share your essay with peers, friends, or instructors for constructive feedback.
• Finalize Your Argumentative Essay: Make final edits based on feedback received. Ensure that your essay follows the required formatting and citation style.

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Argumentative essay writing tips

Here are eight strategies to craft a compelling argumentative essay: 

• Choose a Clear and Controversial Topic : Select a topic that sparks debate and has opposing viewpoints. A clear and controversial issue provides a solid foundation for a strong argument. 
• Conduct Thorough Research : Gather relevant information from reputable sources to support your argument. Use a variety of sources, such as academic journals, books, reputable websites, and expert opinions, to strengthen your position. 
• Create a Strong Thesis Statement : Clearly articulate your main argument in a concise thesis statement. Your thesis should convey your stance on the issue and provide a roadmap for the reader to follow your argument. 
• Develop a Logical Structure : Organize your essay with a clear introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. Each paragraph should focus on a specific point of evidence that contributes to your overall argument. Ensure a logical flow from one point to the next. 
• Provide Strong Evidence : Support your claims with solid evidence. Use facts, statistics, examples, and expert opinions to support your arguments. Be sure to cite your sources appropriately to maintain credibility. 
• Address Counterarguments : Acknowledge opposing viewpoints and counterarguments. Addressing and refuting alternative perspectives strengthens your essay and demonstrates a thorough understanding of the issue. Be mindful of maintaining a respectful tone even when discussing opposing views. 
• Use Persuasive Language : Employ persuasive language to make your points effectively. Avoid emotional appeals without supporting evidence and strive for a respectful and professional tone. 
• Craft a Compelling Conclusion : Summarize your main points, restate your thesis, and leave a lasting impression in your conclusion. Encourage readers to consider the implications of your argument and potentially take action. 

Good argumentative essay example

Let’s consider a sample of argumentative essay on how social media enhances connectivity:

In the digital age, social media has emerged as a powerful tool that transcends geographical boundaries, connecting individuals from diverse backgrounds and providing a platform for an array of voices to be heard. While critics argue that social media fosters division and amplifies negativity, it is essential to recognize the positive aspects of this digital revolution and how it enhances connectivity by providing a platform for diverse voices to flourish. One of the primary benefits of social media is its ability to facilitate instant communication and connection across the globe. Platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram break down geographical barriers, enabling people to establish and maintain relationships regardless of physical location and fostering a sense of global community. Furthermore, social media has transformed how people stay connected with friends and family. Whether separated by miles or time zones, social media ensures that relationships remain dynamic and relevant, contributing to a more interconnected world. Moreover, social media has played a pivotal role in giving voice to social justice movements and marginalized communities. Movements such as #BlackLivesMatter, #MeToo, and #ClimateStrike have gained momentum through social media, allowing individuals to share their stories and advocate for change on a global scale. This digital activism can shape public opinion and hold institutions accountable. Social media platforms provide a dynamic space for open dialogue and discourse. Users can engage in discussions, share information, and challenge each other’s perspectives, fostering a culture of critical thinking. This open exchange of ideas contributes to a more informed and enlightened society where individuals can broaden their horizons and develop a nuanced understanding of complex issues. While criticisms of social media abound, it is crucial to recognize its positive impact on connectivity and the amplification of diverse voices. Social media transcends physical and cultural barriers, connecting people across the globe and providing a platform for marginalized voices to be heard. By fostering open dialogue and facilitating the exchange of ideas, social media contributes to a more interconnected and empowered society. Embracing the positive aspects of social media allows us to harness its potential for positive change and collective growth.

• Clearly Define Your Thesis Statement:   Your thesis statement is the core of your argumentative essay. Clearly articulate your main argument or position on the issue. Avoid vague or general statements.  
• Provide Strong Supporting Evidence:   Back up your thesis with solid evidence from reliable sources and examples. This can include facts, statistics, expert opinions, anecdotes, or real-life examples. Make sure your evidence is relevant to your argument, as it impacts the overall persuasiveness of your thesis.  
• Anticipate Counterarguments and Address Them:   Acknowledge and address opposing viewpoints to strengthen credibility. This also shows that you engage critically with the topic rather than presenting a one-sided argument. 

How to Write an Argumentative Essay with Paperpal?

Writing a winning argumentative essay not only showcases your ability to critically analyze a topic but also demonstrates your skill in persuasively presenting your stance backed by evidence. Achieving this level of writing excellence can be time-consuming. This is where Paperpal, your AI academic writing assistant, steps in to revolutionize the way you approach argumentative essays. Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to use Paperpal to write your essay: 

• Sign Up or Log In: Begin by creating an account or logging into paperpal.com .  
• Navigate to Paperpal Copilot: Once logged in, proceed to the Templates section from the side navigation bar.  
• Generate an essay outline: Under Templates, click on the ‘Outline’ tab and choose ‘Essay’ from the options and provide your topic to generate an outline.  
• Develop your essay: Use this structured outline as a guide to flesh out your essay. If you encounter any roadblocks, click on Brainstorm and get subject-specific assistance, ensuring you stay on track. 
• Refine your writing: To elevate the academic tone of your essay, select a paragraph and use the ‘Make Academic’ feature under the ‘Rewrite’ tab, ensuring your argumentative essay resonates with an academic audience. 
• Final Touches: Make your argumentative essay submission ready with Paperpal’s language, grammar, consistency and plagiarism checks, and improve your chances of acceptance.  

Paperpal not only simplifies the essay writing process but also ensures your argumentative essay is persuasive, well-structured, and academically rigorous. Sign up today and transform how you write argumentative essays. 

The length of an argumentative essay can vary, but it typically falls within the range of 1,000 to 2,500 words. However, the specific requirements may depend on the guidelines provided.

You might write an argumentative essay when:  1. You want to convince others of the validity of your position.  2. There is a controversial or debatable issue that requires discussion.  3. You need to present evidence and logical reasoning to support your claims.  4. You want to explore and critically analyze different perspectives on a topic. 

Argumentative Essay:  Purpose : An argumentative essay aims to persuade the reader to accept or agree with a specific point of view or argument.  Structure : It follows a clear structure with an introduction, thesis statement, body paragraphs presenting arguments and evidence, counterarguments and refutations, and a conclusion.  Tone : The tone is formal and relies on logical reasoning, evidence, and critical analysis.    Narrative/Descriptive Essay:  Purpose : These aim to tell a story or describe an experience, while a descriptive essay focuses on creating a vivid picture of a person, place, or thing.  Structure : They may have a more flexible structure. They often include an engaging introduction, a well-developed body that builds the story or description, and a conclusion.  Tone : The tone is more personal and expressive to evoke emotions or provide sensory details. 

• Gladd, J. (2020). Tips for Writing Academic Persuasive Essays.  Write What Matters . 
• Nimehchisalem, V. (2018). Pyramid of argumentation: Towards an integrated model for teaching and assessing ESL writing.  Language & Communication ,  5 (2), 185-200. 
• Press, B. (2022).  Argumentative Essays: A Step-by-Step Guide . Broadview Press. 
• Rieke, R. D., Sillars, M. O., & Peterson, T. R. (2005).  Argumentation and critical decision making . Pearson/Allyn & Bacon. 

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8 Effective Strategies to Write Argumentative Essays

In a bustling university town, there lived a student named Alex. Popular for creativity and wit, one challenge seemed insurmountable for Alex– the dreaded argumentative essay!

One gloomy afternoon, as the rain tapped against the window pane, Alex sat at his cluttered desk, staring at a blank document on the computer screen. The assignment loomed large: a 350-600-word argumentative essay on a topic of their choice . With a sigh, he decided to seek help of mentor, Professor Mitchell, who was known for his passion for writing.

Entering Professor Mitchell’s office was like stepping into a treasure of knowledge. Bookshelves lined every wall, faint aroma of old manuscripts in the air and sticky notes over the wall. Alex took a deep breath and knocked on his door.

“Ah, Alex,” Professor Mitchell greeted with a warm smile. “What brings you here today?”

Alex confessed his struggles with the argumentative essay. After hearing his concerns, Professor Mitchell said, “Ah, the argumentative essay! Don’t worry, Let’s take a look at it together.” As he guided Alex to the corner shelf, Alex asked,

Table of Contents

“What is an Argumentative Essay?”

The professor replied, “An argumentative essay is a type of academic writing that presents a clear argument or a firm position on a contentious issue. Unlike other forms of essays, such as descriptive or narrative essays, these essays require you to take a stance, present evidence, and convince your audience of the validity of your viewpoint with supporting evidence. A well-crafted argumentative essay relies on concrete facts and supporting evidence rather than merely expressing the author’s personal opinions . Furthermore, these essays demand comprehensive research on the chosen topic and typically follows a structured format consisting of three primary sections: an introductory paragraph, three body paragraphs, and a concluding paragraph.”

He continued, “Argumentative essays are written in a wide range of subject areas, reflecting their applicability across disciplines. They are written in different subject areas like literature and philosophy, history, science and technology, political science, psychology, economics and so on.

Alex asked,

“When is an Argumentative Essay Written?”

The professor answered, “Argumentative essays are often assigned in academic settings, but they can also be written for various other purposes, such as editorials, opinion pieces, or blog posts. Some situations to write argumentative essays include:

1. Academic assignments

In school or college, teachers may assign argumentative essays as part of coursework. It help students to develop critical thinking and persuasive writing skills .

2. Debates and discussions

Argumentative essays can serve as the basis for debates or discussions in academic or competitive settings. Moreover, they provide a structured way to present and defend your viewpoint.

3. Opinion pieces

Newspapers, magazines, and online publications often feature opinion pieces that present an argument on a current issue or topic to influence public opinion.

4. Policy proposals

In government and policy-related fields, argumentative essays are used to propose and defend specific policy changes or solutions to societal problems.

5. Persuasive speeches

Before delivering a persuasive speech, it’s common to prepare an argumentative essay as a foundation for your presentation.

Regardless of the context, an argumentative essay should present a clear thesis statement , provide evidence and reasoning to support your position, address counterarguments, and conclude with a compelling summary of your main points. The goal is to persuade readers or listeners to accept your viewpoint or at least consider it seriously.”

Handing over a book, the professor continued, “Take a look on the elements or structure of an argumentative essay.”

Elements of an Argumentative Essay

An argumentative essay comprises five essential components:

Claim in argumentative writing is the central argument or viewpoint that the writer aims to establish and defend throughout the essay. A claim must assert your position on an issue and must be arguable. It can guide the entire argument.

2. Evidence

Evidence must consist of factual information, data, examples, or expert opinions that support the claim. Also, it lends credibility by strengthening the writer’s position.

3. Counterarguments

Presenting a counterclaim demonstrates fairness and awareness of alternative perspectives.

4. Rebuttal

After presenting the counterclaim, the writer refutes it by offering counterarguments or providing evidence that weakens the opposing viewpoint. It shows that the writer has considered multiple perspectives and is prepared to defend their position.

The format of an argumentative essay typically follows the structure to ensure clarity and effectiveness in presenting an argument.

How to Write An Argumentative Essay

Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to write an argumentative essay:

1. Introduction

• Begin with a compelling sentence or question to grab the reader’s attention.
• Provide context for the issue, including relevant facts, statistics, or historical background.
• Provide a concise thesis statement to present your position on the topic.

2. Body Paragraphs (usually three or more)

• Start each paragraph with a clear and focused topic sentence that relates to your thesis statement.
• Furthermore, provide evidence and explain the facts, statistics, examples, expert opinions, and quotations from credible sources that supports your thesis.
• Use transition sentences to smoothly move from one point to the next.

3. Counterargument and Rebuttal

• Acknowledge opposing viewpoints or potential objections to your argument.
• Also, address these counterarguments with evidence and explain why they do not weaken your position.

4. Conclusion

• Restate your thesis statement and summarize the key points you’ve made in the body of the essay.
• Leave the reader with a final thought, call to action, or broader implication related to the topic.

5. Citations and References

• Properly cite all the sources you use in your essay using a consistent citation style.
• Also, include a bibliography or works cited at the end of your essay.

6. Formatting and Style

• Follow any specific formatting guidelines provided by your instructor or institution.
• Use a professional and academic tone in your writing and edit your essay to avoid content, spelling and grammar mistakes .

Remember that the specific requirements for formatting an argumentative essay may vary depending on your instructor’s guidelines or the citation style you’re using (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago). Always check the assignment instructions or style guide for any additional requirements or variations in formatting.

Did you understand what Prof. Mitchell explained Alex? Check it now!

Fill the Details to Check Your Score

Prof. Mitchell continued, “An argumentative essay can adopt various approaches when dealing with opposing perspectives. It may offer a balanced presentation of both sides, providing equal weight to each, or it may advocate more strongly for one side while still acknowledging the existence of opposing views.” As Alex listened carefully to the Professor’s thoughts, his eyes fell on a page with examples of argumentative essay.

Example of an Argumentative Essay

Alex picked the book and read the example. It helped him to understand the concept. Furthermore, he could now connect better to the elements and steps of the essay which Prof. Mitchell had mentioned earlier. Aren’t you keen to know how an argumentative essay should be like? Here is an example of a well-crafted argumentative essay , which was read by Alex. After Alex finished reading the example, the professor turned the page and continued, “Check this page to know the importance of writing an argumentative essay in developing skills of an individual.”

Importance of an Argumentative Essay

After understanding the benefits, Alex was convinced by the ability of the argumentative essays in advocating one’s beliefs and favor the author’s position. Alex asked,

“How are argumentative essays different from the other types?”

Prof. Mitchell answered, “Argumentative essays differ from other types of essays primarily in their purpose, structure, and approach in presenting information. Unlike expository essays, argumentative essays persuade the reader to adopt a particular point of view or take a specific action on a controversial issue. Furthermore, they differ from descriptive essays by not focusing vividly on describing a topic. Also, they are less engaging through storytelling as compared to the narrative essays.

Alex said, “Given the direct and persuasive nature of argumentative essays, can you suggest some strategies to write an effective argumentative essay?

Turning the pages of the book, Prof. Mitchell replied, “Sure! You can check this infographic to get some tips for writing an argumentative essay.”

Effective Strategies to Write an Argumentative Essay

As days turned into weeks, Alex diligently worked on his essay. He researched, gathered evidence, and refined his thesis. It was a long and challenging journey, filled with countless drafts and revisions.

Finally, the day arrived when Alex submitted their essay. As he clicked the “Submit” button, a sense of accomplishment washed over him. He realized that the argumentative essay, while challenging, had improved his critical thinking and transformed him into a more confident writer. Furthermore, Alex received feedback from his professor, a mix of praise and constructive criticism. It was a humbling experience, a reminder that every journey has its obstacles and opportunities for growth.

Frequently Asked Questions

An argumentative essay can be written as follows- 1. Choose a Topic 2. Research and Collect Evidences 3. Develop a Clear Thesis Statement 4. Outline Your Essay- Introduction, Body Paragraphs and Conclusion 5. Revise and Edit 6. Format and Cite Sources 7. Final Review

One must choose a clear, concise and specific statement as a claim. It must be debatable and establish your position. Avoid using ambiguous or unclear while making a claim. To strengthen your claim, address potential counterarguments or opposing viewpoints. Additionally, use persuasive language and rhetoric to make your claim more compelling

Starting an argument essay effectively is crucial to engage your readers and establish the context for your argument. Here’s how you can start an argument essay are: 1. Begin With an Engaging Hook 2. Provide Background Information 3. Present Your Thesis Statement 4. Briefly Outline Your Main 5. Establish Your Credibility

The key features of an argumentative essay are: 1. Clear and Specific Thesis Statement 2. Credible Evidence 3. Counterarguments 4. Structured Body Paragraph 5. Logical Flow 6. Use of Persuasive Techniques 7. Formal Language

An argumentative essay typically consists of the following main parts or sections: 1. Introduction 2. Body Paragraphs 3. Counterargument and Rebuttal 4. Conclusion 5. References (if applicable)

The main purpose of an argumentative essay is to persuade the reader to accept or agree with a particular viewpoint or position on a controversial or debatable topic. In other words, the primary goal of an argumentative essay is to convince the audience that the author's argument or thesis statement is valid, logical, and well-supported by evidence and reasoning.

Great article! The topic is simplified well! Keep up the good work

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Home / Guides / Writing Guides / Paper Types / How to Write an Argumentative Essay

How to Write an Argumentative Essay

Are you writing an argumentative essay for school and just don’t feel that it’s as good as it could be? This type of writing can be challenging, since it requires plenty of research, but it can also be quite rewarding.

Argumentative writing tends to be balanced in that it acknowledges all sides of the issue. Rather than only discuss your own point of view, you will be conducting research on all views of the subject, then presenting them in a way that will allow the reader to make their decision.

Guide Overview

• Choose a topic
• Draft an outline
• Include quotes
• Look at both sides of the issue

Choose a Topic

It’s far easier to write on a topic that interests you and that you feel passionate about. Selecting a topic with strong opposing views can be a great way to get your grades up, provided you do a good job of proving your point.

Great topics may include legal topics, moral topics and social topics, among others. Here are a few to get you started:

• Should businesses be permitted to advertise in schools?
• Should circumcision for infants be banned?
• Is the death penalty the best option for murderers?
• Should employers be permitted to refuse to hire pregnant women
• Should tobacco products be banned?
• Should firearms be restricted?Is abortion a legal right?

These topics have very strong views on either side and it is up to you to select which one to represent first in your essay. While both (or more, if you find others) perspectives should be represented, one will feature more strongly as your preferred opinion.

Hints for a Better Essay

Still need some extra tricks to make sure your essay is amazing? Here are a few ways you can boost the value of your writing.

Draft an Outline

Before you get too far into creating your essay, you’ll want an essay to keep things nice and neat. It’s easy to ramble if you don’t have a specific direction to follow. As you do your research, write the information you find on sticky notes. Then arrange these into a simple outline that flows. Work without a solid outline at your own risk. Consider using an argumentative essay template to understand key elements of the essay.

Include Quotes

Using quotes from experts on the topic will appeal to logic and help the reader understand why your thesis statement hold true. You can find these online, from reputable sources, or you can actually talk to some experts to get the quotes. Be sure to cite these sources to demonstrate credibility and allow the reader to see where the quotes came from. It doesn’t matter if it is in MLA format ( examples ), APA format ( examples ), or another style—be sure to include citations.

Look at Both Sides of the Issue

Balance is the key to argumentative writing. Ideally, you will present both the pros and cons of the various arguments, with a strong slant toward your preferred view. With the right research and arranging of facts, you should be able to present your perspective in a very persuasive way.

While your essay should be written to encourage people to see things from your point of view, it should also present all sides of issue. This will come across as balanced and fair and you allow the reader to ultimately choose which option they prefer.

Finally, if you’re ever facing writer’s block for your college paper, consider WriteWell Essay Templates  to help you get started.

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How to Write an Argumentative Essay – Guide & Examples

Published by Carmen Troy at August 16th, 2021 , Revised On July 26, 2023

“An argument essay  presents an original argument for a given  thesis statement . In an argumentative essay, the author takes a clear stand on the topic and justifies their position with supporting evidence material.”

While there are many  types of essays , an argumentative essay is hands down the most popular type of essay at the college and university level.

When Should you Write an Argumentative Essay

You could be asked to produce an argumentative essay in a composition class or as a course assignment. In most cases, the essay brief will prompt you to argue for one of two positions.

An argumentative essay title includes keywords such as “argument”, “assert”, “claim”, and usually takes the form of a question.

The title of an argumentative essay can be either open or two-sided. Here are examples of argumentative titles so you know when to write an argumentative essay.

Open Argumentative Essay Title

What was the most outstanding achievement of Manchester United FC under Sir Alexander Chapman Ferguson CBE?

Two-sided Argumentative Essay Title

Has distance learning had a positive or negative impact on education?

Writing an Argumentative Essay for College or University Assignment

Most  essay assignments  at the college and university level involve some sort of argumentation. For example, literary analysis and rhetorical analysis also build up arguments about the text.

Even when the essay prompt does not tell you to write an argumentative essay, you should remember that the goal of academic writing in most cases is to express an argument and back it with evidence. This means that your default approach to essay writing should be to make evidence-based arguments unless you are told otherwise.

Examples of Argumentative Essay Titles

The following essay titles suggest that the essays in response should be argumentative in nature.

You will be able to develop an exact position as you dig deep to  collect data  and improve your knowledge. Once you have taken a defined stance, you will need to express the essay’s main argument and convince the reader to agree to your position by presenting analysis, evidence, and evaluation.

Discuss  the effects of climate change on the human population.

• The above title does not merely ask you to state all the effects of climate change you can think of.
• It would be best if you instead built a focused argument about the overall effects of climate change on the human population, stated the significance of your argument, and backed it up by providing evidence from authentic academic sources.

Evaluate  the efficacy of anti-racism measures put in place at workplaces in the UK.

• Just providing a selection of statistics about anti-racism measures will not be sufficient.
• Present your argument about what measures have proved to be the most effective or least effective.

Assess  the impact of the conquest of Constantinople in the 15 th  century on world history.

• Don’t just assess a few random details of the battle of Constantinople.
• Present your argument about the specific impact of the conquest of Constantinople on the power dynamics of the world.

How to Approach an Argumentative Essay

An argumentative essay should be based on rational thinking. The approach of the author should be objective in nature. Rather than basing your argument on emotions, you should rely on logic and evidence.

While there are many approaches to writing an argumentative essay, the two most common methods that would enable you to write a first-class piece are: The  Rogerian  method and the  Toulmin  method.

Toulmin Argument Building Model

The  Toulmin   method involves four key steps to build an argument. The same strategy can be applied throughout the essay where necessary.

• Make a  claim
• Present your evidence to support the claim
• Provide the warrant which explains the evidence to support the claim
• State the potential refutation to  the claim, which involves establishing the limits of the argument to demonstrate that you took into consideration the alternates.

The Toulmin model is a popular argument-building strategy in academic essays. While using specific terms (refutations, warrants, claim) is not necessary, you should show a clear link between your claim and the grounds of your claim in an argumentative essay.

For example , if you are making an argument about the efficacy of anti-racism measures put in place at workplaces in the UK, then you should follow these four steps:

• Enlighten that anti-racism training programs are not bringing about the desired results, and it would be better to invest the resources in other approaches.
• Back your claim with evidence from authentic academic sources. The evidence could take the form of numbers, statistics, and quotations.
• Explain how the data shows the inefficacy of the current training and educational programs.
• Expect objections to your argument based on counter data that might indicate why your argument is unsound, and so provide justifications accordingly.

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Rogerian Argument Building Model

The  Rogerian  model of building an argument also involves four steps:

• Start by indicating what the counter-argument gets right and why people might agree to this argument.
• State the problems with the counter-argument.
• Present your argument and demonstrate how it solves the problem—showing why your position is stronger than the opposition will enable you to convince the reader.
• Suggest a possible middle-ground – what components of your argument would advocates of the opposing claim can adopt?

The Rogerian model is an interesting way to reach a compromise between two sides of an argument. It is advised to approach an argumentative essay with this method when people strongly disagree on the issue under discussion.

Also read: How to write a summative essay

For example , if you had to make an argument about the positive effects of distance learning on the quality of education, then you might:

• Recognize that distance learning has helped mature students upgrade their qualifications.
• Claim that many critics view distance learning as more unreliable than it really is.
• Argue that distance learning programs can enable many students worldwide to upgrade their skills without leaving the comfort of their homes.
• Suggest critical engagement with distance education providers as a possible task for opponents who doubt its effectiveness.

When writing an argumentative essay, you can use elements of both models. It is not necessary to stick to one of these two methods, but it would be helpful to do so to  structure  your argument appropriately.

However, regardless of the argument-building model you choose, your essay structure will include an introduction, a body, and a conclusion.

How to Introduce an Argument in an Essay?

Like other essay types, an argumentative essay also begins with an introduction. This section includes a hook to grab the reader’s attention, background information to set up the main argument, a thesis statement, and a summary of the essay structure (for more extended essays).

Here is a how an  introduction paragraph  of an argumentative essay arguing for the positive effects of distance learning may look like:

Argumentative Essay Introduction Example

Example: For many people looking to change or advance their professional careers, choosing if distance learning is the right choice is a question of critical importance. Distance education programs rely on information technology and online teaching tools to provide education to students who are not present in the classroom setting due to their personal commitments and limitations. Over the last several years, distance learning has emerged as one of the most popular education trends. It has provided opportunities to many non-traditional students to receive a high-quality education.

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The Body of your Argumentative Essay

This is where you present the details to support your arguments. The  main body  of your argumentative essay should present analysis, evidence, and interpretation to persuade readers to agree with your viewpoint.

For a high school essay that typically follows the standard five-paragraph format, the body comprises three to four paragraphs. However, there will be many more paragraphs in a university-level longer essay, and so the body can be divided into dedicated sections with headings.

Each paragraph starts with a  topic  sentence that must support the central argument. Avoid presenting any irrelevant information here.

Here is an example of a paragraph taken from the main body of an argumentative essay on the positive effects of distance learning on education.

Argumentative Essay Main Body Paragraph Example

Example: Distance learning is one of the most economical and viable forms of education available to adult students who are juggling many responsibilities due to financial and time constraints in their life. The burden of responsibilities prevents adult students from studying in a foreign country or another city. Distance learning enables them to overcome these challenges and complete their education. Learning in a distant mode, they can also mitigate the economic, social, psychological, and cultural difficulties. Distance learning students often achieve better results when compared with on-campus students because the pursuit of knowledge is undertaken for its own sake rather than as an obligation.

How to Conclude your Argument?

Your argumentative essay should end with a conclusion that provides a summary of the points discussed in the main body.

Refrain from presenting any new information here. The conclusion of an argumentative essay is made up of a concise summary or synthesis of the arguments made in the main body, the significance and relevance of your argument, and the strengths and weaknesses of your argument.

Argumentative Essay Conclusion Example

Example: The distance learning programs offered by various universities worldwide have had a very positive effect on the world of education. Occasional pitfalls aside, this teaching method has enabled underprivileged students and those with personal limitations to receive a high-quality education. Its value is evident in numerous applications. Digital education offers accessibility and flexibility to students, so the popularity of distance education has been rising in recent years. Educators should take advantage of this. The limitations of distance education such as lack of motivation for students, absence of physical interaction, and employers’ reluctance to embrace distance learning has been documented extensively by opponents. Still, this new method of teaching is here to say.

Note: Along with expert guides, ResearchProspect also provides top-notch writing services , which means provides essay writing help , research paper writing help , and other professional services.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between an argumentative essay and an expository essay.

An argumentative essay is arguably the most popular type of essay in academic writing. It involves independent research and presenting an original argument about the topic in discussion in the form of a thesis statement . The claim made in the thesis statement must be supported by evidence and analysis.

An expository essay aims to explain an idea, topic, or process clearly and concisely. It does not express an original argument but is somewhat objective in nature. Expository essays are almost always less extensive as compared to argumentative essays.

Do I need to cite sources in an argumentative essay?

All essays written for college and university-level assignments should include in-text citations and a list of references . You should use citations in an appropriate referencing style whenever you quote or paraphrase any information from another academic source. The in-text citations must match the items in the list of references or bibliography at the end of your essay.

It would be best to use the referencing style or citation style according to your institution’s instructions. Harvard referencing is the most popular style of academic referencing in the UK.

When should I write an argumentative essay?

Most essays at university are argumentative. Unless told otherwise, you should aim to build an argument in an essay you have been assigned.

Argumentative essays include keywords like ‘discuss’, ‘claim’, ‘evaluate’, ‘argue’, so look out for these keywords and instructions in the essay title.

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Before you totally lose your mind here let’s see whether the broken argument in an essay needs to be dumped or just neatly reworked and fixed.

This article explains the important conceptions of rhetorical writing and provides tips on writing a first-class rhetorical analysis essay.

The length of an academic essay depends on your level and the nature of subject. If you are unsure how long is an essay then this article will guide you.

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103 Plagiarism Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

Inside This Article

Plagiarism is a serious issue that affects students, writers, and researchers in all fields. It is important to understand what plagiarism is and how to avoid it in order to maintain academic integrity and credibility. To help you get started on your own essay on plagiarism, here are 103 topic ideas and examples to consider:

• Definition of plagiarism and its consequences
• Common types of plagiarism in academic writing
• The role of technology in detecting plagiarism
• How to properly cite sources to avoid plagiarism
• The impact of plagiarism on academic institutions
• Famous cases of plagiarism in literature
• The ethical implications of plagiarism
• How plagiarism is viewed in different cultures
• The importance of originality in academic writing
• Strategies for preventing plagiarism in research papers
• The relationship between plagiarism and intellectual property laws
• Plagiarism in the digital age
• The psychology behind why people plagiarize
• The effects of plagiarism on a person's reputation
• Plagiarism detection software and its effectiveness
• The consequences of self-plagiarism
• The role of academic integrity in preventing plagiarism
• How to properly paraphrase and summarize sources
• The impact of the internet on plagiarism
• Plagiarism in journalism and media
• The importance of citing sources in academic writing
• The consequences of plagiarism in the workplace
• Plagiarism in creative writing and art
• The role of education in preventing plagiarism
• How to teach students about plagiarism
• The impact of social media on plagiarism
• The relationship between plagiarism and academic dishonesty
• The consequences of plagiarism for students
• Plagiarism in online courses and distance learning
• The role of peer review in detecting plagiarism
• The impact of plagiarism on scientific research
• How to avoid accidental plagiarism
• The consequences of plagiarism for professional writers
• Plagiarism in music and film
• The ethics of ghostwriting and plagiarism
• The impact of plagiarism on the publishing industry
• The relationship between plagiarism and copyright infringement
• Plagiarism in political speeches and public speaking
• The consequences of plagiarism for journalists
• The role of editors in preventing plagiarism
• Plagiarism in academic conferences and presentations
• The impact of plagiarism on social media influencers
• The consequences of plagiarism for bloggers
• The role of plagiarism in academic dishonesty cases
• Plagiarism in medical research and journals
• The impact of plagiarism on academic rankings and reputation
• The consequences of plagiarism in graduate school
• Plagiarism in online forums and discussion boards
• The role of plagiarism in student plagiarism scandals
• How to report plagiarism in academic settings
• Plagiarism in college admissions essays
• The consequences of plagiarism for high school students
• Plagiarism in student publications and magazines
• The role of plagiarism in academic job applications
• How to address plagiarism in group projects
• Plagiarism in online journalism and news websites
• The consequences of plagiarism for freelance writers
• Plagiarism in technical writing and manuals
• The role of plagiarism in academic cheating cases
• How to handle plagiarism accusations
• Plagiarism in online courses and MOOCs
• The consequences of plagiarism for online influencers
• Plagiarism in academic book reviews
• The role of plagiarism in academic tenure decisions
• How to address plagiarism in dissertation writing
• Plagiarism in academic grant proposals
• The consequences of plagiarism for academic conferences
• Plagiarism in academic journal articles
• The role of plagiarism in academic publishing
• How to address plagiarism in online forums
• Plagiarism in online recipe websites
• The consequences of plagiarism for food bloggers
• Plagiarism in online travel guides
• The role of plagiarism in online shopping guides
• How to address plagiarism in online product reviews
• Plagiarism in online beauty tutorials
• Plagiarism in online fitness guides
• The role of plagiarism in online diet plans
• How to address plagiarism in online health articles
• Plagiarism in online parenting blogs
• The consequences of plagiarism for online parenting influencers
• Plagiarism in online home improvement guides
• The role of plagiarism in online fashion blogs
• How to address plagiarism in online fashion articles
• Plagiarism in online lifestyle websites
• The consequences of plagiarism for online lifestyle influencers
• Plagiarism in online travel blogs
• The role of plagiarism in online travel articles
• How to address plagiarism in online travel guides
• Plagiarism in online entertainment websites
• The consequences of plagiarism for online entertainment influencers
• Plagiarism in online gaming blogs
• The role of plagiarism in online gaming articles
• How to address plagiarism in online gaming guides
• Plagiarism in online tech websites
• The consequences of plagiarism for online tech influencers
• Plagiarism in online tech blogs
• The role of plagiarism in online tech articles
• How to address plagiarism in online tech guides
• Plagiarism in online social media influencers
• The consequences of plagiarism for online social media influencers
• The role of plagiarism in online social media articles

These topics provide a wide range of ideas to explore in your essay on plagiarism. By choosing a topic that interests you and conducting thorough research, you can create a compelling and informative essay on this important subject. Remember to always cite your sources properly to avoid plagiarism yourself.

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How to Write an Argumentative Essay: 101 Guide [+ Examples]

An argumentative essay is a genre of academic writing that investigates different sides of a particular issue. Its central purpose is to inform the readers rather than expressively persuade them. Thus, it is crucial to differentiate between argumentative and persuasive essays.

While composing an argumentative essay, the students have to demonstrate their research and analytical skills. The secret of a successful paper lies behind strong arguments and counterarguments. So, the writer should focus on facts and data rather than personal values and beliefs.

Besides, a good argumentative essay should be structured appropriately:

• The introduction and conclusion have to create a frame for the entire essay.
• The body paragraphs are supposed to cover the essential points.
• Supporting evidence should make a paper more professional and reputable.

Are you still wondering what an argumentative essay is and how to write it? Check out the sections below prepared by our experts . Here, you can find the most valuable info, helpful tips, and useful examples.

📜 Classic Strategy

📋 toulmin strategy, 🗣️ rogerian strategy, ✒️ fill in the blanks, 🔍 edit and proofread, 🔗 references, 📌 argumentative essay in a nutshell.

Are you trying to figure out what an argumentative essay is? It’s a type of academic paper that covers both sides of a given issue. An author can decide whether they aim to present both sides equally or support one side more dynamically.

One of the mistakes among students is the confusion of argumentative and persuasive essays . Do you want to figure out the differences? Take a look at the following table.

Before writing an argument essay, it would be helpful to choose an appropriate model to rely on. There are three strategies to consider: Classical, Toulmin, and Rogerian.

Look at the following sections and choose the most suitable one for you.

Are you wondering how to write an argumentative essay? Consider using the classical approach. It is the most popular way of composing an argumentative paper.

Under the classical strategy, the author has to follow these rules:

• research the issue;
• present both sides;
• express own opinion;
• prove the reader the validity of the conclusion.

It is up to the audience to decide whether your position is right or wrong. Yet, you should try to convince the readers of the effectiveness of your opinion.

Usually, the classical argument paper is structured in the following way:

• Introduction . Use the hook to catch the readers’ attention. State the problem and explain why your topic is relatable to the audience.
• General background. Introduce the general info and several facts about your issue.
• Thesis statement . State your position clearly and concisely.
• The central argument. Provide valid evidence and appropriate examples to support your position. Refer only to reliable sources.
• Rebuttal . Include a counter paragraph in your essay, presenting the opposing arguments. Provide specific examples to make the reader understand your position. Also, explain to the audience why the counterclaims are incorrect.
• Conclusion . Synthesize your arguments and counterarguments. Give the readers a question for further investigation of your problem. To make your essay more impressive, compose a memorable concluding sentence.

Toulmin strategy is the most suitable for the discussion of controversial issues. This model aims to find common ground through clear logic and valid evidence. Besides, the Toulmin strategy eliminates unnecessary things and limits the points to agree upon.

An argumentative essay written by the Toulmin model includes the following elements:

• Claim . A viewpoint that the author aims to prove.
• Evidence . Supportive facts from reliable resources that highlight the significance of the claim.
• Warrant . An element that connects the claim and that evidence.
• Backing . Additional reasoning that underlines the warrant’s validity.
• Rebuttal . Counterarguments that contradict the author’s position.
• Qualifier . An additional element (usually, a word or a short phrase) that narrows the claim’s capacity. Several examples of qualifiers: “typically,” “usually,” “occasionally,” etc.
• Exceptions . Specific limitations that indicate the cases where that claim may not be valid.

Like the Toulmin approach, Rogerian strategy attempts to find common ground between two sides of one issue. However, the technique is slightly different.

The Rogerian model is often used in highly controversial debates when the parties do not accept each other’s position. Thus, the given strategy focuses on finding the agreement by proving the validity of the opposing arguments.

Below, you can find the primary outline for the Rogerian argumentative essay:

• Introduce the problem. Present the issue clearly and explain why it is worth the readers’ attention.
• Summarize and analyze the counterarguments. Take into consideration all the possible counterpoints and look at them from different perspectives. Discuss the cases in which the opposing claims could be valid. Demonstrate your open-mindedness. This will make the opposite party more loyal to you.
• Present your position. After discussing the counterpoints, state your opinion. Convince the audience about the validity of your points.
• Prove the advantages of your position. Explain to the opposite party how the acceptance and adoption of your points will benefit them.

🧐 How to Write an Argumentative Essay

Before working on your essay, carefully read the assignment. Make sure you understand all the instructor’s requirements and the purpose of the paper.

• Pay enough attention to the task. Did your professor assign you a topic? Or do you need to choose it yourself ? Make sure you have an idea that will turn into an outstanding essay.
• Select the strategy you are going to apply. An argumentative essay format will depend on the model you choose to compose your paper. Analyze the issue you will arise and decide what strategy is the most suitable. Is it the Classical model, the Toulmin, or the Rogerian one?

After that, start composing your argumentative essay. Check out the following sections. We have a lot of insightful info to share with you!

📚 Research the Topic

The first step of writing an argumentative paper is an in-depth investigation of the topic. To validate your arguments, you have to refer to credible resources. The essay will look more professional if you use reliable sources in it.

To research like a professional , do the following:

• Use only credible sources. You can refer to the books, research articles, materials from academic databases, or Google Scholar. Webpages registered as governmental or educational institutions (.gov, .edu.) and widely-known news websites (New York Times, BBC, CNBC) are also considered appropriate. Avoid using blog posts, outdated materials, and any other data from unreliable sources. You may get into huge trouble, taking information from random websites, since it may be invalid.
• Pay attention to the publishing date . You may be required to use the sources released no later than five years ago. Yet, it is not always the case, especially when you’re dealing with historical documents. Thus, double-check your instructions regarding recommended sources.
• Keep your topic in mind. Concentrate on what you are writing about and select the sources for your exact issue. Avoid sources that provide too general information and look for more limited ones. If your idea is World War II’s economic consequences, the history book from ancient times to modern days will not be the best option.
• Become an expert. Take enough time to investigate the issue you are writing about. Read numerous articles, compare and contrast the scientists’ opinions. Prove your reader that you are a reliable person who selected the best sources.

📝 Outline Your Essay

The majority of students tend to underestimate the power of outlining. Don’t do this! An argumentative essay outline is a helpful tool for planning, structuring, and composing.

Firstly , a well-developed outline helps the writer to put all their thoughts in an appropriate order. None of the essential points will be lost if the student plans the essay before writing.

Secondly , it lets the writer figure out what evidence suits what argument most. Before writing, draft your essay first. Put examples, facts, etc. in the right parts of the paper. Then, write the entire text.

Thirdly , an outline provides a perfect opportunity to change the essay’s parts without rewriting the paper. Are you unsure of specific details? Not a problem. Change them in the outline without ruining the text.

There are essential elements that your outline should contain. Check out the following section to see them.

Introduction

How to start an argumentative essay? First and foremost, include an argumentative essay introduction in your outline.

This part should grab the readers’ attention from the first words. Thus, put enough effort into composing a compelling hook . What can it be? An impressive statistic or an exciting fact? Be creative – decide yourself! But make sure that your intro is catchy enough.

After the hook, introduce your topic’s general background . Prove the readers the significance of your issue and gradually come to the thesis statement .

The concept of studying abroad is becoming increasingly popular in both developed and developing countries. Students around the globe strive to explore the world and broaden their minds, and studying in a foreign country is an excellent opportunity to do so. Such experience may be extremely beneficial because meeting new people and discovering foreign cultures help students to gain valuable knowledge and see the world from a new perspective. However, while presenting significant opportunities for personal growth, it may also bring about some challenges.

Thesis Statement

A thesis is an essential part of your argumentative essay. It should state your position regarding the issue clearly and concisely. Avoid general statements, vague words, and be as specific and possible. Your thesis statement should guide the readers throughout the main points of the paper.

The location of the thesis in the essay plays a crucial role. The most appropriate place for it is the last sentence of the introductory paragraph.

Although students face difficulties such as loneliness while studying abroad, it is a worthy experience to introduce them to new knowledge, people, and culture and promote their independence.

Body Paragraphs

The body of your paper is supposed to develop your position, provide valid evidence and examples. Each paragraph has to focus only on one idea. This will ensure the logical structure of your argumentative essay.

A body paragraph should start from the topic sentence and end with the concluding sentence . Such a frame around every section will make your readers stay concentrated on your ideas and get your opinion.

• The topic sentence is the first sentence of the passage. It should reflect its point and correspond to the thesis statement.
• The concluding sentence aims to wrap up the author’s thoughts. Thus, make sure that the last sentence of a paragraph is insightful enough.

Each body paragraph should include an argument (or a counterargument) with supporting evidence. Get your proof from credible sources and ensure that it directly corresponds to the point.

An example of a topic sentence :

The benefits of education abroad are almost innumerable, prominent examples being gaining new knowledge, making friends with people who have different mindsets, and discovering new cultures.

An example of a concluding sentence:

Participants of student exchange programs usually return more driven and eager to develop both themselves and their country.

A conclusion plays a critical role in understanding the entire paper. It summarizes the body and leaves the final impression. Besides, it may push the readers on further investigation of the issue.

• To make your argumentative essay conclusion powerful, it is not enough just to summarize the arguments. It has to synthesize your ideas and show the connection between them. In other words, your points should be summarized and analyzed.
• Moreover, a conclusion refers to the thesis statement . A mere restatement of the central idea is not the most successful way of finishing your paper. You should try to develop it to demonstrate the reason you’ve written the previous paragraphs.

One more tip:

• Give the audience an incentive to explore the topic more in-depth. Insert the questions for further investigation at the end of your essay. It would play a significant role in making an impressive conclusion.

To sum up, studying abroad is beneficial as it helps a person evolve and perceive a world from new perspectives. It is an opportunity for a participant to explore the world, meet new people, gain valuable knowledge and experience, and broaden their horizons. Education abroad might pose problems like homesickness, loneliness, and trouble with getting accustomed to a new environment. However, all of them can be easily overcome if a student is flexible and eager to become autonomous and independent.

The list of references is a crucial part of any argumentative essay. It should contain all the sources the writer uses in the paper.

Before organizing your reference list , double-check your argumentative essay format. Is it written in MLA, APA, or maybe in Chicago style? How many references does the professor expect you to include? What kind of sources are you required to use?

After figuring out these issues, move to the format requirements of the writing style you use for your paper. The most popular ones are APA (7th edition), MLA, and ChicagoAD (author-date) styles. Below, you can find the examples of a reference for the same book in different formatting styles.

Did you develop a good outline? Congratulations! You are almost done with the essay. Now, you need to fill in the blanks and create a final version of your paper. Here is where you need to demonstrate a high level of your writing skills.

• Make sure your paper has no logical fallacies. Information from an untrustworthy source, a hasty generalization, or a false conclusion may put your reliability as an author under threat. So double-check all the data you include in your essay. Moreover, make sure all your statements are well-developed and supported by valid evidence.
• Check your argumentative essay structure . All the arguments should refer to the thesis statement and must be presented in the logical sequence. The supporting evidence and examples have to be inserted in the text logically, according to the arguments.
• Pay enough attention to the citations. References and in-text citations are incredibly tricky. Always check every detail according to your essay format. If you are unsure of specific issues, refer to a citation guide and make your paper free of formatting mistakes.
• Ensure the coherence of your argumentative essay. Often, the paper’s material seems raw only because it is presented without a logical connection. To ensure a smooth connection between the ideas, use transitions between the paragraphs and linking words inside them. Insert them in the text to connect the points. As a result, you will have a coherent essay with the logical flow of the arguments.

The final step of your writing process is editing and proofreading. Although it is not that energy and time consuming, it still plays a critical role in the work’s success.

While writing your argumentative paper, plan your time accordingly. This will provide you with an opportunity to polish your essay before submitting it. And take a look at our checklist and always use it to improve your papers:

• NO first and second person. Use only the third person in your argumentative essay. It is a general requirement for any kind of academic paper.
• NO slang. The word choice is an essential part of the essay writing process. Ensure you use only formal vocabulary and avoid using informal language (jargon, slang, etc.).
• NO unchecked words. Sometimes, words can raise questions and lead to misunderstandings. If you are unsure whether the term is used appropriately, double-check its meaning or replace it with another.
• NO plagiarism. While proofreading, make sure your citations are either properly paraphrased or taken in quotation marks. You can change the sentence structure to avoid plagiarism.
• NO minor mistakes. Grammar, spelling, punctuation play a crucial role. Want to make your paper look professional? Make sure it is free of minor mistakes then.

Argumentative Essay Topics

• Should student-athletes benefit from sports?  
• Do celebrities really have influence on people behavior?  
• Will decriminalization of drugs increase drug menace?  
• Does social and environmental reporting promote organizations’ financial success? 
• Should online learning be promoted?  
• Can space exploration resolve human problems?  
• Is success really the outcome of hard work? 
• Is there discrimination against women in sports?   
• Will banning tobacco sales promote public health?  
• Is euthanasia a clemency?  
• Should college education be free and accessible for every student?  
• Should football be banned for being too dangerous?  
• Is it time to change social norms?  
• Should public servants’ strikes be prohibited?  
• Does media create a negative image of ageing and older people?  
• Is capitalism the best economic system?  
• Can children under 18 make an appropriate decision on getting tattoo ?  
• Should net neutrality be protected?  
• Can an improper use of social media provoke a family crisis?  
• Is it right to use animals in biomedical research ?  
• Does the climate change affect our indoor environment? 
• Are children’s crimes a result of poor parenting?  
• Should health care be universal? 
• Does the increased use of technology hurt students’ efficiency? 
• Is transformative education a key to the system modernization?  
• Why should patients have access to truthful information?  
• How does language barrier affect health care access?  
• Would allowing adoption by same-sex couples benefit the country’s child welfare system? 
• Is spanking children a proper way to improve their behavior?  
• Does gun control law lowers crime rates?  
• Will ban on spamming improve users’ internet experience?  
• Should behavior be made illegal because it’s immoral?  
• Is globalization really a progress?  
• Does aid to developing countries bring more harm than good?  
• Can parents improve children mental health by restricting internet use ?  
• Is trusting our senses the best way to get the truth?  
• Why parents should not have the right to choose their children based on genetics.  
• Is college education really worth it? 
• Will wearing a body camera by police officer enhance public trust?    
• Immigration : a benefit or a threat?  
• Is it a duty of adult children to take care of their elderly parents?  
• Should abortions be legal? 
• Are agents an integral part of professional sports?  
• Will ban of cellphones while driving decrease the car accident rates? 
• Should marijuana be legal for medical use?  
• Is veganism diet universally beneficial?  
• Should museums return artefacts?  
• Is water birth beneficial for women’s health?  
• Will paying people to stay healthy benefit the nation in the long-term perspective?  
• Is obesity a disease or a choice?  

It is up to you to decide how many parts to include in your essay. However, the 5 paragraph structure is the most appropriate model for an argumentative paper. So, write an introduction, a conclusion, and three body paragraphs.

The pronoun “you” is acceptable for informal writing. Yet, in academic papers, avoid using the second person. The same situation is with the first person. Generally, academic papers require the use of the third person.

A hook aims to grab the readers’ attention. Thus, you could start your essay with an interesting fact about your issue. Another way to create a catchy hook is to prove the audience the relatability of your topic. Make the readers want to explore your essay by demonstrating the significance of your issue.

Yes, you can. A question might become a compelling hook. Just make sure that it is profound, thought-provocative, and concise. A too broad or complicated question will only confuse your readers.

A title is an essential part of the essay since it causes the first impression. While selecting a heading, take into consideration the following points:

1. The title must be catchy.

2. It has to be not too long (5-12 words).

3. The title has to reflect the topic of the paper.

4. It should not be too complicated: the simpler – the better.

Thank you for visiting our page! We hope the information was helpful and insightful. Do you have friends who seek help with writing an argumentative essay? Share our article with them. And don’t forget to leave your comments!

• Sample Argument Essays: Mesa Community College
• Argument: The Writing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• Tips on How to Write an Argumentative Essay: Grace Fleming, ThoughtCo
• Tips for Organizing an Argumentative Essay: Judith L., Beumer Writing Center, Valparaiso University
• Argumentative Essay: Oya Ozagac, Bogazici University, Online Writing Lab
• Argumentative Essays: Purdue Online Writing Lab, College of Liberal Arts, Purdue University
• How to Write an Argumentative Essay Step by Step: Virginia Kearney, Owlcation
• Counterargument: Gordon Harvey for the Writing Center at Harvard University
• Basic Steps in the Research Process: North Hennepin Community College, Minnesota
• How to Recognize Plagiarism, Overview: School of Education, Indiana University Bloomington
• 15 Steps to Good Research: Georgetown University Library
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90 Plagiarism Topics, Ideas & Examples

🏆 best research titles about plagiarism, 👍 good plagiarism essay titles, ❓ research questions about plagiarism.

• Tips on Avoiding Plagiarism At the end of the quotation, credit to the source should be given either in the form of in-text citation or in a footnote.
• Plagiarism and Academic Integrity In other instances, the local students in to adventure and having fun may easily influence international students and since they are new to the environment, they may have fun at the expense of the assignment […]
• Plagiarism Effects and Strategies The failure to recognize the contributions of other scholars in one’s work is generally referred to as plagiarism. Also, the paper recommends strategies that may be adopted by educators and learners to address the problem […]
• Plagiarism: For and Against Therefore, the argument against plagiarism is based on the loss of the perpetrator in terms of the shame of the act and the loss of the original author.
• Causes and Effects of Plagiarism Writing is a daily activity that every person has to indulge in, and this is especially significant in the case of students who pursue academic degrees.
• Plagiarism and How to Avoid It Also, the source of the information is not reflected in the text. One should be relaxed and bending the body slightly forward to show interest in the person and the conversation.
• Academic Integrity: Plagiarism and Academic Dishonesty Some of the most significant issues he highlights include the following: The quality of information on the web varies significantly While internet search may help to narrow down on a topic, it may erode the […]
• Plagiarism in Professional Writing It is also called institutionalized plagiarism, and it is reasonable because the knowledge of such documents is common. The rules of it can and need to be respected to observe copyright.
• Plagiarism in the Real World: Jayson Blair and the New York Times One of the notorious cases of plagiarism is the Jason Blair scandal that happened in 2003. Another example of real-world plagiarism is Melania Trump’s speech at the Republican National Convention in 2016.
• Plagiarism Is Morally Reprehensible Thus, to discuss the ethical component of plagiarism, it is necessary to pay attention to the definition of the concept and its meaning in relation to the idea of academic integrity.
• Paraphrasing and Plagiarism A majority of the students fails to realize that they need to give credit to the original author even when they have paraphrased their work.
• Avoiding Plagiarism With Paraphrasing There are several strategies for avoiding plagiarism, among them competent citation of sources with the mention of the author’s name and words in quotation marks and paraphrasing the source’s content are.
• Plagiarism and Originality in Personal Understanding However, the price is to be paid; original people differ from the rest and often experience loneliness and feel that they are misunderstood.
• Plagiarism in Nurse Academic Papers Copyright infringement and plagiarism detection in the work of a future medical officer is a breach of trust and can significantly affect a nurse’s future work.
• Lawyer Plagiarism as Ethical Violation Plagiarism can be termed referred to as the act of directly copying an individual’s work and presenting it as one’s own.
• Plagiarism and Its Effects on Nursing Students Plagiarism is a widespread issue that affects the papers of nearly all students. This damage can further prevent students from publishing their academic papers in the future due to inadvertent plagiarism that might stem from […]
• Plagiarism in Nursing Education When dealing with the following problem in the context of nursing, there are various types of plagiarism the students are not even aware of, meaning they sometimes plagiarize the thoughts and ideas of other people […]
• The Problem of Plagiarism in the World The question that we should answer appropriately is that is it not the right time we re-think about the quality and the originality of our written works or are we less intelligent and lazier than […]
• Plagiarism: Recognizing and Avoiding This is because the student has only left out some words from the original passage and has used the same words that were in the source.
• Law and Policy Against Plagiarism Currently, the renowned form of corruption that degrades the efforts of man in the search and quest to discover novel things and innovatively new ideas is plagiarism.
• Maintaining Academic Integrity by Avoiding Plagiarism Plagiarism is the use of someone else’s work and failure to acknowledge the original author correctly. Paraphrasing and synthesizing support future nursing practice because they enable students to understand arguments in each source while matching […]
• Plagiarism: The Act of Copying Someone Else’s Words or Ideas The Wharton County Junior College plagiarism policy states that their students are expected to submit their original work, and plagiarism is prohibited.
• How to Avoid Plagiarism Description The bottom line is that all materials used in a piece of writing that does not belong to your original production or creativity should be given credit accordingly.
• Analyzing Scholarly Writing: Plagiarism and Parahrasing This paper provides the general analysis of the provided articles and the detailed evaluation of the academic quality of the selected material.
• Copyright Law and the University Policy on Plagiarism Comparison It also covers the act of using part of a literary plot, motion picture, poem, musical presentation, or other forms of art without the consent of the owner of the work.
• Plagiarism: Negative Aspects and Consequences There should be a checking done of the paraphrasing in one’s work to ensure that the same words and phrases from the text are not used in one’s work.
• Plagiarism: What It Is and How to Avoid It The focus is then shifted to the future of plagiarism in contemporary society and the effect of information technologies. The expropriation of the work of another person and presentation of it like your own is […]
• Importance of Plagiarism Strategies in Writing Regarding a number of writing requirements and the possibility to be blamed for plagiarism, it is hard for many students to start writing their papers without any fears and doubts about the quality and originality […]
• Embedding Plagiarism Education in the Assessment Process The authors of this study argue that the use of electronic detection tools can help students better understand the correct methods of citing sources and avoiding plagiarism.
• Plagiarism Among International Students: Omnibus Report In essence, therefore, the credibility of the whole report is built upon the concise details provided in the cover letter, and which include: identifying what plagiarism constitutes in the context of the United States; providing […]
• Plagiarism and Facebook Use in Students Despite the view that the current generation of students is somewhat neglecting the seriousness of plagiarism, it is still viewed that originality must be emphasized and not to allow digital technology to violate principles of […]
• Plagiarism From a Cross-Cultural Perspective Individualism presupposes respect for the authors whose ideas a person is going to borrow while direct communication as a cultural value implies open access to standards and codes of behavior, which is likely to minimize […]
• The Price of the Plagiarism Plagiarism is considered a global problem of contemporary science and education as well as in the spheres of literature and music. The violation of copyright legislation is considered a crime and can lead to a […]
• Plagiarism Detection, Penalties and Consequences The most common form of plagiarism is copying information and using it as part of one’s assignment or essay, without acknowledging the original source of information Sometimes, students are dumbfounded by the amount of work […]
• Academic Integrity and Plagiarism It is both Mike’s and Todd’s fault Mike’s is that he does not know the content and asks Todd to show the answers, Todd’s is that he agrees.
• Referencing and Avoiding Plagiarism It is a requirement that students and other individuals using electronic materials in their research use the various citation methods in acknowledging the owners of the legal rights of any electronic materials.
• Plagiarism in Graduate Students’ Applied Research The problem addressed in this study is the methods of dealing with the issue of plagiarism in applied research papers amid graduate students, which threatens to weaken the quality of academic research.
• Plagiarism Knowledge: Assessment and Improvement In this case, I failed in one of the questions I had answered correctly in the previous test. Nonetheless, it was also important that I managed to answer all the questions I had failed in […]
• Cheating and Plagiarism in Academic Settings Their main task is to show that the main objective of learning is to gain knowledge and skills, and that education cannot be reduced only to good grades and recognition of other people. This is […]
• Graphic Design and Plagiarism in Saudi Arabia The sites act as sources of inspiration for graphic designers; however, the challenge is the transitioning of the source of inspiration to the aid for plagiarism.
• The Problem of Plagiarism The problem of plagiarism is of great concern to many teachers who want to ensure that learners can acquire knowledge and skills.
• Helping Chinese Students Avoid Plagiarism As such, a lot of explanation is needed to convince Chinese students to accept and appreciate the requirement for referencing the sources used in order to avoid plagiarism.
• Plagiarism Definition and Explaining The aim of the report is to provide a working definition of plagiarism and explain the problem of plagiarism as faced by international students when studying in the U.S.
• Plagiarism Problem in Higher Education There is an immense devaluation of the learning encounter of the learners and the quality of the graduates. The consciousness of plagiarism is essential in deciphering if an imitative behavior is deliberate.
• Plagiarism Problem in Writing This is actually because the author of the original material is not able to enjoy the advantages of the good work that he or she has produced.
• Academic Honesty and Plagiarism While rather efficient and working in most cases, the approach in question, though, is not to be considered the silver bullet of detecting plagiarism in an academic setting either, for the individual psychological qualities of […]
• Plagiarism and Paraphrasing Sometimes the cheat notes might not be relevant to the test, and in such cases such students underperform. In conclusion, honest students are stress-free and have a smooth academic life and perform to the best […]
• Academic Integrity: Cheating and Plagiarism Instructors need to understand their students to find out what drives them to cheat in exams. Administrators and other stakeholders in educational institutions, need to discourage their students from cheating, to ensure they maintain high […]
• Peculiarities of Plagiarism Many students copy the sentences or the ideas of the researchers or other students without marking it as the citation. Simple paraphrasing and the use of quotation marks will help to solve the problem.
• Plagiarism Effects in Academic Institutions and Workplace In such cases, students work is found to have been plagiarized, years after the attainment of the degree/ certification, the institutions can revoke it.
• Plagiarism as a Form of Theft What is of importance in the realm of ideas is not the ownership of the rights to a certain piece of work but the originality[6].
• Why Chinese Culture Leads to High Plagiarism Rate in Chinese Universities The issue of plagiarism in China and other Asian countries has worried scholars from the west and the rest of the world for centuries. The research paper will be expected to expose the magnitude of […]
• Paper Analysis: Instructional Document about Plagiarism and the Internet By using these colors in the instructional document, the audience is reminded of the gravity of the matter and the danger that can arise from engaging in plagiarism.
• Cheating Plagiarism Issues Cheating in exams and assignments among college and university students is in the rise due to the access of the internet and poor culture where integrity is not a key aspect.
• Plagiarism Definition and Effects In addition to that, there is a vast amount of software that helps you to correctly cite your sources and check for plagiarism.
• Spotlight on Plagiarism Phenomenon A plagiarism policy in the University of Sydney states that “Where an Examiner detects or is made aware of alleged Plagiarism or Academic Dishonesty by a student; the Examiner must report the alleged Plagiarism or […]
• How Much of a Concern Is Online Plagiarism in Online Education?
• Who Is a Famous Person Who Plagiarized?
• What Are the Consequences of Plagiarism in High School?
• What Is the Best Software for Plagiarism?
• What Constitutes Plagiarism or Cheating?
• How Plagiarism Will Affect the Quality of the Research Paper?
• What Are the Consequences or Punishments if a Student Is Caught Plagiarizing?
• Can You Be Criminally Charged for Plagiarism?
• How Will You Avoid Plagiarism Commerce?
• How Does Plagiarism Affect a Person’s Reputation?
• What Is the Relationship Between Intellectual Property Rights and Plagiarism?
• Is It Plagiarism if You Copy and Paste but Cite the Source?
• What Is the Difference Between Plagiarism and Citation?
• Why Are Laws on Plagiarism and Copyrights Important?
• Why Is It Necessary to Check the Plagiarism in Any Research Report?
• Why Is Plagiarism a Violation?
• How Can Plagiarism Damage Ethical Standards?
• How Can College Essay Plagiarism Checker Help You in Your Studying?
• What Are the Consequences and Penalties for Plagiarism?
• What Are the Differences Between Plagiarism Copyright Infringement and Piracy?
• Who Was the First Person to Plagiarize?
• How Does the University of Phoenix Work to Combat Plagiarism?
• How Could Plagiarism Harm Your Academics or Career?
• Can PDF Be Checked for Plagiarism?
• How Does Moral Law Relate to Plagiarism?
• How Can Teachers Prevent Plagiarism?
• How Important Are Copyright Fair Use and Plagiarism in Intellectual Property?
• Does Plagiarism Violate Copyright?
• How Do Technology and the Internet Make Plagiarism Easier?
• What Plagiarism Software Do Universities Use?
• Teamwork Research Ideas
• Consciousness Ideas
• Google Paper Topics
• Music Topics
• College Students Research Ideas
• Freakonomics Topics
• Problem Solving Essay Ideas
• Morality Research Ideas
• Chicago (A-D)
• Chicago (N-B)

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Unit 2: Paraphrasing and Avoiding Plagiarism

6 Avoiding Plagiarism

Avoiding plagiarism, how can i avoid plagiarizing.

Whenever you write academics essays, you will be expected to present both your own original ideas as well as the ideas of other writers in order to help support your own argument. Academic essays often contain a balance of new, original ideas and the ideas of others that you have read. It is therefore important to make sure that it is clear which ideas are yours and which ones come from other authors and sources.

Integrate other’s ideas in your writing by:

• Quoting : Use another person’s exact words in quotation marks. Quoting requires very little effort on your part.
• Paraphrasing : Rewrite another person’s ideas by using your own language. Paraphrasing requires more effort and thinking on your part than simply quoting.
• Summarizing : Rewrite another person’s ideas by using your own language BUT in a concise way. Summarizing is the most difficult method because you must think critically about anther writer’s words and ideas and condense them so that you only convey the most essential information found in them.

To avoid plagiarism you must cite:

• Quotations: When using an author’s specific word or words, you must place those words within quotation marks and you must credit the source.
• Information: If a piece of information isn’t common knowledge, you must provide a source.
• Ideas: An author’s ideas may include their opinions or conclusions.
• Facts, statistics, events: Any information that most people are unlikely to know without conducting research.

How to Cite Generative AI

The standards for citing AI tools are still evolving. It is important that you confirm your instructor’s expectations for both using AI and documenting that use.

To learn more about how to cite your use of AI Tools see the UW Libraries’ Research Guides on Citing Generative AI.

Knowledge Check

From Excelsior Online Writing Lab, How to Cite Sources: Proper Citations

Language and information that you DON’T have to paraphrase:

• Technical terms and phrases, such as “standard deviation” (in Statistics).
• Basic common knowledge:

a) General common knowledge is factual information considered to be in the public domain, such as birth and death dates of well-known figures, and generally accepted dates of military, political, literary, and other historical events. In general, factual information contained in multiple standard reference works can usually be considered to be in the public domain.

b) Field-specific common knowledge is “common” only within a particular field or specialty. It may include facts, theories, or methods that are familiar to readers within that discipline. For instance, you may not need to cite a reference to Einstein’s Theory of Relativity in a paper for a physics class but you must be sure that this information is so widely known within that field that it will be shared by your readers.

• If in doubt, be cautious and cite the source.  

Adapted from: The University of Wisconsin, Writing Center, page on quoting and paraphrasing

From Excelsior Online Writing Lab https://owl.excelsior.edu/plagiarism/plagiarism-how-to-avoid-it/plagiarism-common-knowledge/plagiarism-common-knowledge-try-it-out/

From Excelsior Online Writing Lab  https://owl.excelsior.edu/plagiarism/plagiarism-check-your-understanding/

Academic Writing I Copyright © by UW-Madison ESL Program is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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Preparing an effective argumentative essay

Learning the art of preparing an effective argumentative essay is a crucial skill, not only for academic achievements but also for various real-life scenarios throughout your lifetime. Whether it’s for key exams or big-deal moments, knowing how to put together a strong argumentative essay is a skill that’s useful in politics, marketing, education, and many other careers. In this article, we’ll explore how to build and write argumentative essays in a way that’s straightforward and convincing, providing a guide to express your points effectively and persuasively.

Argumentative essay guide

Writing a good argumentative essay can be a bit tricky. It’s not just about sharing your opinion but also about acknowledging other people’s views and creating a strong story that gently guides the reader to agree with you. This guide will walk you through the steps to structure, support, and prove your argument, making sure your essay is convincing and solid from start to finish.

Preparing a persuasive argumentative essay

Writing an argumentative essay means trying to get the reader to see things from your point of view. Sometimes, that’s tricky, especially when your point might stir up a bit of disagreement. So, your job is to build an argument that’s hard to argue against. It’s like building a sturdy bridge – all the pieces need to fit just right to stand strong, especially when it faces the heavy winds of opposition!

Structuring your argumentative essay

Starting an argumentative essay is like building a strong bridge. Each piece needs to be securely in place so it can stand up to any challenges or opposing views it may face. This isn’t just about putting your own point across but skillfully recognizing, understanding, and responding to other viewpoints, guiding your readers to effortlessly agree with you.

Here’s a simple table to outline how to put together an argumentative essay, making sure your argument is not only strong but also clearly gets your message across.

Always keep potential counterarguments in mind while shaping your argumentative essay. From its engaging start, through its solid middle, to its convincing end, your essay should both passionately defend your main point and lead your readers through a logically structured argument. It should stand up to scrutiny and opposition effectively, just like a well-built bridge.

Building and supporting your main argument

Launching on an argumentative essay journey means you’ll be developing a strong point and supporting it effectively. Your primary mission here is to convince your readers to embrace your perspective. To achieve this, diving into various resources like websites, and books, or even tapping into your own expertise on the topic is essential.

Your claim should be straightforward. A bold statement that can be checked to see if it’s true or not.

The key point to remember

Your main claim has to be solid and clear-cut. It needs to choose a side on an issue that people might view differently.

For example:

• “Schools need to teach money management.”

This is a solid main claim for an essay because people can argue against it, maybe saying kids learn this at home or it’s too complicated for them.

But you need to back up your main claim with good support. Can you find facts that show learning about money is good for kids? Yes, there’s lots of information that shows understanding money can help people make better choices when they’re older.

Preparing a strong argument

When sculpting your argument in an essay, especially one that seeks to persuade, it’s important to give your statements with big support that genuinely validates your points.

Good support can encompass:

• Facts and research.
• Expert opinions.
• Genuine examples that illustrate your point.
• “Implementing regular physical activities in schools can pave the way for improved physical and mental health among students. Simple initiatives, such as introducing short exercise breaks between classes or organizing weekly sports sessions, can significantly contribute to students’ well-being.”

This main claim is powerful and can be strengthened with specific data like research showing the positive impacts of physical activity on student health, stories about schools where such practices have produced positive outcomes, and examples of easy methods schools might adopt to integrate physical activities into their schedules.

In this approach, the new main points are developing a strong point and sculpting your argument, which has been bolded for easy reference. The examples and points of support are also varied to stop repetition and provide a broader view of potential argumentative essay topics and supporting evidence.

Enhancing your essay with our platform

As part of preparing a strong argument, the authenticity and clarity of your essay are paramount. Our platform offers specialized services to improve these aspects:

• Plagiarism checking . Ensure the originality of your essay with our advanced plagiarism detection service.
• Professional proofreading . Elevate the clarity, grammar, and overall quality of your writing with our skilled proofreading services.

By using these tools, you can significantly strengthen the credibility and effectiveness of your argumentative essay. Visit our platform to learn more and take the first step toward preparing a compelling and academically strong essay.

Writing an argumentative essay plan

Planning your argumentative essay is crucial for articulating a clear, compelling argument. The significance of an essay plan becomes even more pertinent when crafting an argumentative piece to prevent losing the audience with unstable reasoning. When the foundation of your argument is shaky or unclear, the attention of your audience is inevitably compromised.

If your topic is the only clear component and your argument is still ambiguous, starting with pre-writing exercises to generate ideas for your thesis is a worthwhile strategy.

Unlocking ideas: Pre-writing strategies for argumentative essays

Starting an argumentative essay means getting your ideas in order and knowing clearly what you want to talk about. Different pre-writing activities can help you figure out your main point and get ready to defend it. Let’s use the following exercises to dig deep into the topic and find out what you really think.

• Brainstorming . Let’s start by just throwing out all your ideas without worrying if they’re good or bad. Ask yourself things like, “What’s being talked about a lot regarding this topic?” or “Where might people disagree?”. This helps your thoughts to flow and helps you find different ways you might approach your argument.
• Freewriting . Give yourself permission to write whatever comes to your mind about the topic for 5-10 minutes non-stop. This no-pressure writing might help you discover unexpected ideas or make you feel more certain about a particular aspect of the topic.
• Creating lists . Particularly useful for visual thinkers, listing allows you to jot down any ideas, concepts, or points that spring to mind regarding the topic. This structured format can make it easier to organize and prioritize your thoughts later.
• Clustering . Think of clustering like drawing a mind map to explore your ideas. Write your main topic in the middle of a page. Then, draw lines out from it to smaller ideas or points that are related. When you have more details about those smaller points, draw more lines out from them to show these extra thoughts (check out the example image to see how it’s done).
• Pros and cons analysis . List the advantages and disadvantages associated with potential claims about your topic. This exercise deepens your understanding of different perspectives and helps you consider which claim offers the most convincing argument. By anticipating potential counterarguments, you’re better prepared to address them in your essay.

After trying out one or more of these exercises, you’ll probably find an opinion on the topic that makes sense to you. This opinion becomes the main point you’ll argue in your essay. Think of this point as your guiding star, keeping your argument on track as you work through all your research and tackle different points of view in your upcoming writing.

Integrating expert opinions into your argument

Launching on research means diving into what knowledgeable experts have to say about your topic.

An ‘expert’ is someone with a wealth of knowledge and experience in a specific area. Using experts in your essay is key because people usually believe what they say. So, if you talk about climate change and share a quote from a famous climate scientist like Dr. James Hansen, people are more likely to trust your point.

With your main claim and initial evidence in hand, it’s time to think about how you’ll present your argument. Preparing a persuasive argument involves selecting the right approach to presenting your information and defending your claim. Remember, arguments can be made differently, so consider these three common modes of argumentation:

• Ethos (credibility or ethical appeal) . Ethos involves building trust with your audience by demonstrating your credibility and ethical standing. Using believable sources and keeping things honest and straightforward makes your argument stronger.
• Pathos (emotional appeal) . Pathos aims to influence by connecting with the emotions of the audience. Using stories people can connect with, touching their feelings, or making sure your arguments match what the audience cares about can make your point of view more convincing.
• Logos (logical appeal) . Logos uses logic and reason to formulate a compelling argument. Incorporating factual data, clear reasoning, and structured arguments helps convince the audience by using reason and logic.

Each method can be strategically used to strengthen your argumentative essay by appealing to different aspects of your audience’s decision-making process. Finding a balance among these approaches often causes clear and well-rounded arguments.

Types of argumentation

When crafting an argument for your argumentative essay, it’s vital to pick a strategy that fits both your topic and your audience. Different strategies shine in different situations and with different people. Below is a table that breaks down three classic ways to argue – Toulmin, Rogerian, and Aristotelian – providing a quick overview, of how to use them, and situations where they can be especially powerful.

Choosing the right way to present your argument can really make your argumentative essay stand out. Deciding whether to use Toulmin, Rogerian, or Aristotelian methods will influence how you present your point, interact with other viewpoints, and how readers connect with your argument. It’s vital to pick a method that doesn’t just convey your message, but also resonates with your readers.

To keep your argument and your essay flowing smoothly, review the sections about ‘Building and supporting your main argument’ and ‘Integrating expert opinions into your argument’. This will help you maintain a strong mix of your chosen argument style, solid evidence, and expert opinions, making your essay more persuasive and reliable. Additionally, ensuring your chosen argument style fits with the pre-writing strategies in ‘Unlocking ideas: Pre-writing strategies for argumentative essays’ will help you keep your thoughts clear and your argument consistent and compelling.

Steps to writing an argumentative essay

Making a strong argumentative essay means preparing a thorough argument on a particular topic. Here’s a friendly guide to walk you through the steps, making sure every part of your essay strongly backs up your main idea.

First, let’s talk about some preliminary steps before you start writing. Engage in some pre-writing exercises. This helps you sharpen your focus and figure out your clear, main point, or ‘claim.’ Next, do your research. Dive deep into your topic and your claim to collect all the supportive evidence you need.

Now, your essay should have a few essential components:

• An introduction. This is where you tell your readers about your topic and clearly state your main argument or claim.
• Body paragraph . You’ll need at least two of these. Each paragraph will present evidence that backs up your claim, with each one covering a different point or piece of evidence.
• A conclusion. Here, you’ll summarize your argument and restate your claim, highlighting why your position is solid.

Before you put pen to paper (or fingers to keys!), there are a few more things to think about. Decide on your style of argument. Considering your audience and what your topic is, pick the method of argumentation that fits best.

Once you’ve chosen your topic, figured out your main claim, collected your supporting evidence, and decided how you’ll organize your argument, you’re all ready to start writing! Make sure every section of your essay connects well and supports your primary argument.

Tips for writing an argumentative essay

Writing a strong argumentative essay might seem tricky, but with a few easy tips, you can create a piece that’s both powerful and respectful to all views. Here’s how:

• Play with the layout . There’s no strict rule saying you have to stick to a certain essay structure. You might start by talking about what the other side thinks, showing where they’ve got things wrong, and then introduce your own ideas.
• Keep it friendly . Remember, arguing a point doesn’t mean being mean to those who disagree. Stay kind, and point out where the other arguments might not hold up, but avoid being too harsh or directly attacking other views.
• No “I” in argument . Try to avoid saying “I think” or “I believe.” Even though these are your thoughts, focusing on the facts and why they make sense is often more convincing and involves your readers more.
• Talk to your readers . Make sure your essay speaks to your audience, leading them through your thoughts and maybe even changing their minds, without pushing too hard.
• Firm up your facts . Back up your points with strong facts and expert advice, so your argument stands tall and doesn’t wobble under questions.

Keep in mind, that a strong argumentative essay smoothly incorporates your point of view with solid evidence, guaranteeing your argument is strong yet still mindful of the broader discussion taking place around the topic.

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What is an Argumentative Essay?

Argumentative essays are a common assignment given by educators and are an exciting opportunity for you to practice the valuable skill of persuasion. Argumentative essays are, at their core, pieces of writing that aim to convince the reader of the writer’s own opinion. Let’s look at the elements that form argumentative essays, and some tips on how to write the best one possible.

Example thesis: Tobacco products should be made illegal, as they present severe and well-documented health risks to the public.

Elements of an Argumentative Essay

Position: This is the side of the argument that the author is taking. In this case, the author is arguing that tobacco products should be made illegal.

Reasons: These facts or points make up the why of the position. Without reasons, a position is baseless and a weak argument. In this example, the reasons for the position are that tobacco products are known to be damaging to people’s health.

Evidence: This is the opportunity for the writer to cement their claim or position by providing factual substantiation from outside resources. In this element, it is critical for the writer to provide citations and references on where they gathered their evidence. Without this, there is no proof that the evidence is factual or indeed evidence at all.

For the provided example, the writer may choose to cite health studies or scientific papers related to the effects of tobacco products on peoples’ health.

Counterarguments: The most effective argumentative essays display the counterargument, or the opposite argument from the author’s own point of view. After stating the counterarguments, a persuasive writer would state why that counterargument is false or ineffective, using further evidence.

How to Format an Argumentative Essay

To construct an effective argumentative essay, you need to follow several important steps. These are vital to ensuring that the reader is convinced of your argument and understands your topic.

Almost all essays should be broken into four parts:

Introduction , Body , Conclusion, and Citations .

INTRODUCTION

• Your introductory paragraph should serve to frame the rest of your paper in the reader’s mind. Think of it like a preview; you want them to move forward from here with a clear understanding of what the central argument of your paper is.
• In order to frame the central idea, many essays contain a thesis statement , which is a one or two sentence phrase that captures the theme of the paper. These should be as specific as possible, and should be included as the last part of your intro paragraph.
• The body of your essay is where your evidence is presented and tied in to your argument. Each body paragraph should seek to further prove the central theme you put forth in your thesis statement.
• The body paragraphs should each begin with a topic sentence that drives the rest of the paragraph, and relates back to the thesis statement.
• Be sure to include transition sentences between paragraphs to ensure a nice flow to your writing.
• Within each paragraph on a specific idea, present any outside evidence that you have used to formulate your idea. Here is where you should be sure to include any necessary in-text citations, whether they be in APA format, MLA format , etc.
• Your conclusion paragraph should neatly wrap up your argument and evidence, calling the reader back to your original thesis statement.
• A good way to conclude your writing is to restate your thesis statement or central idea in a different way, making sure to include the main points you made in your paper.
• If you are having trouble formulating your essay’s conclusion, read through your paper and then say to yourself “So what?” This helps to summarize the main idea of your paper in your mind.
• Make sure that your reader is left with an impression or something to think about in relation to your topic. This a sign of a very strong argumentative essay.
• Depending on what citation format your teacher prefers ( APA citation style, Chicago citation style, etc.), you should include a reference list at the end of your essay, which lists the outside sources where you attained information while creating your paper.
• The citations in your reference list should include any sources that you have referenced within the body of your essay using in-text or parenthetical citations. For help with creating citations, check out the citation guides on BibMe.org.

Finally, always remember to proofread your essay before handing it in to your teacher! If you’re looking for help, BibMe has a grammar check service you can try.

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Plagiarism Argumentative Essay Sample

Type of paper: Argumentative Essay

Topic: Literature , Sociology , Communication , Friendship , Plagiarism , People , Time , Picture

Published: 12/02/2019

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In the article, I believe that Maureen Dowd plagiarized the article. My reason for this is that she should have been more careful when presenting ideas from other people. Like the author says, she looked a dumb journalist to just have copied and used another friend’s idea and suggestion without testing and confirming if that friend got from somewhere else. To safeguard her integrity, she should have developed a habit where she tests and asks people where they got their ideas. The story paints a bad picture of a person who has been respected for a long time. She has been in journalism for a long time. She has been respected for the quality and originality of ideas she has been passing through. She cannot blame anyone for the mistakes she has done. This is an example of plagiarizing another author’s work. This is the worst kind of plagiarism. It is even worst given the fact that the words were almost the same as the original author of these words. Myself, I have never reached a point where I have almost plagiarized, leave alone plagiarizing. I understand the consequences of plagiarism. Not only do I fear the consequences of plagiarism, but also I hate the unethical aspect that is associated with it. Plagiarism is unethical and paints a picture of someone who is lazy waiting for someone else to do the research and jump on the findings and thus taking the credit. I however know of a friend who inadvertently plagiarized an article. She was doing a research on social networking and the role in communication and how social applications were replacing the traditional communication processes in companies. She should have avoided this by doing research of other people who have done similar research and acknowledging their work. She should have therefore indicated that she was advancing on some concepts that earlier researchers failed to work on. Plagiarism can be avoided by always making sure that content which has been borrowed be correctly referenced and acknowledged. Use the appropriate reference style even in places where you have paraphrased the content. It is good and encouraged as a researcher to do a wide research to make sure that you know the researchers who have worked on the topic that you are working on and acknowledge them accordingly.

Gilmore, B. (2008). Plagiarism; Why it happens, how to prevent it. London: Heinemann.

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Free Argumentative Essay Generator

State the point to be discussed in your body paragraph

State a supporting point to be discussed in body paragraph

State an opposing point to be discussed in body paragraph

State a similar aspect to be discussed

State a contrasting aspect to be discussed

So, you’ve tried every possible method and technique, but your argumentative essays are still not as good as they should be. What's worse, they take a lot of time to write. Is there a way out?

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• ️🚀 How to Use This Tool
• ️💡 Why Use Our Generator?
• ️✍️ What Is an Argumentative Essay?
• ️📚 Essay Structure
• ️🗣️ Types of Arguments
• ️🔥 How to Write
• ️🔗 References

🚀 How to Use Our Argumentative Essay Maker

Our tool is a must-have for all students. Essays that it makes can serve as examples to boost your inspiration. Here’s how to use it effectively:

• Type in your topic.
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✍️ What Is an Argumentative Essay?

An argumentative essay is a type of writing where you research a specific subject, state your point of view, and gather evidence. Its aim is to persuade readers to side with your viewpoint.

Assignments for argumentative essays usually require substantial research of literature and previously published material. Additionally, you may need to conduct an empirical investigation . It means that you will gather information through interviews, surveys, observations, or experiments.

📚 Argumentative Essay Structure

An argumentative essay has a simple structure. It consists of 3 core parts: introduction, body, and conclusion. Let’s take a look at each of them separately.

Introduction

Your essay's introduction will consist of 3 parts:

• Every paper begins with a captivating hook that motivates the audience to read your text thoroughly. It can be a shocking fact, a striking piece of statistics, or a humorous phrase.
• The hook is then followed by a brief review of the topic's background .
• Finally, a thesis statement that encapsulates the main ideas and sets the objectives for the entire essay.

An argumentative essay usually includes 3 or more body paragraphs that provide supporting or opposing arguments for the chosen topic. There, you usually list examples, evidence, statistics, studies, and citations to strengthen your position. Each paragraph starts with a short topic sentence summarizing its main argument.

A conclusion wraps up the entire assignment and links all the elements together. It aims to give a general overview of the whole essay and give it closure. A well-written conclusion appeals to the reader's emotions and effectively explains why it was essential to analyze the chosen topic in the first place.

🗣️ Types of Arguments

Good argumentation is the secret of a good essay. Even the greatest ideas will sink into the air if not supported by convincing facts. To help you with this task, we present to you 3 most popular argumentation techniques. Choose the one that suits you most!

Classic (Aristotelian)

Let's start with a default framework, also known as Aristotelian . It uses reasoning in combination with logical facts. You can apply it to almost any concept except those that haven’t been researched enough. Aristotelian argumentation is perfect for narrow and straightforward topics.

It has the following structure:

• A brief description of the topic.
• A paragraph that explains your viewpoint.
• A section that describes the opposing idea.
• A presentation of proof that supports your position.

The Toulmin technique works best for unraveling complex issues that can be viewed from many angles. It has 7 primary sections that you can rearrange in any way that works best for your essay:

• A concise statement of your viewpoint.
• Several paragraphs that include supporting proof, such as statistics or scientific facts.
• A paragraph that explains the relationship between your claim and evidence.
• Additional findings to back up your assertion.
• A review of opposing viewpoints.

Note that if you choose the Toulmin approach, your arguments should be used only to refute another claim. So, instead of researching a topic, your Toulmin essay will solely aim at disproving an opposing viewpoint.

The Rogerian technique is somewhere between Aristotelian and Toulmin. If you use it, you accept the legitimacy of both your and the opposition's stance. It's the least aggressive and most courteous approach, which aids in persuading skeptical readers.

It is structured in five steps as follows:

• A description of the topic.
• A paragraph about your opponent’s ideas.
• A section about your viewpoint.
• A proposition of compromise that allows both points of view to coexist.
• A conclusion.

🔥 How to Write an Argumentative Essay

Writing an argumentative essay may initially seem complicated, but knowing the specifics makes it much easier. Here you’ll find a small step-by-step guide that will help you ace your task.

1. Answer the Question from the Topic

An argumentative essay requires you to present a clear opinion. To do it, you can ask yourself a major topic-oriented question. Then, develop your thesis statement as a response to that question. For instance, your question may be, "What is the best drink?" Then your thesis will say: the best drink is pineapple juice.

This technique simplifies the writing process because you’ve chosen a position from the start and won’t have to formulate your opinion later in the main body.

2. State Why the Opposing Argument Is Wrong

To effectively defeat opposing viewpoints , try stating your objections right away. For example, "Some people believe that apple juice is the best, but not everyone supports this opinion. Compared to apple's sour taste, pineapple juice offers a much more balanced flavor that combines sweet and sour." This approach works well since it backs up your point of view with proof and doesn’t allow your opponent to win.

3. Outline Your Main Points

It’s vital to support each claim you make with facts. To do it, make sure to find enough adequate evidence that can serve as key assertions. It’s best if you select the strongest of them and write them down in an outline. To strengthen your claims even further, don't hesitate to make a list of references and citations from different sources.

4. Write a Draft

It's now time to start writing the first draft of your argumentative essay. All you have to do at this stage is to collect all the parts of your outline together. Ensure a logical flow between paragraphs, and use transitional words to connect your ideas.

Additionally, you may use our argumentative essay generator to create a perfect draft that can serve as a basis for your essay. You can then edit and improve it as you see fit.

5. Edit and Proofread

After the draft is complete, you can start polishing and proofreading it. This time, try to locate and resolve all the grammatical and logical mistakes . Look for areas of your essay that can be clarified or arguments that lack persuasiveness.

Finally, when you feel like your essay is perfect, you can call it a day. Until then, try not to hurry and be sure to revise everything carefully.

As you can see, there is nothing impossible about writing an argumentative essay, especially if you have great AI helpers like our free generator. Try it now and see how the quality of your papers goes through the roof!

We also recommend trying out our business tools such as SOAR analysis matrix and STP template .

❓ Argumentative Essay Generator FAQ

❓ what are the 5 parts of an argumentative essay.

The 5 parts of an argumentative essay include an introduction with a hook, background information on your chosen topic, a thesis statement, body paragraphs with an argument for or against your point of view, and a conclusion.

❓ What is the purpose of an argumentative essay?

A compelling argumentative essay aims to state a specific point of view regarding the chosen topic. To do it, you can use different arguments, evidence, and other proof. Aside from that, an argumentative essay also aims to disprove the opposing viewpoint.

❓ How to start the prewriting process for an argumentative essay?

The first step in prewriting the argumentative essay is to research and gather evidence and facts to support your thesis. Also, sometimes you might have to do empirical research. It means gathering information through interviews, surveys, observations, or experiments.

❓ In an argumentative essay, what tone should the author use?

The tone of an argumentative essay should be persuasive and authoritative. Persuasiveness means that you convince the reader that your position is correct and the opposing view is wrong. An authoritative tone will further demonstrate your expertise. Try to strike a balance in tone, and you'll succeed.

🔗 References

• Argumentative Essay/Commentary: The University of Toledo
• How to Write a Good Argumentative Essay: Easy Step-by-Step Guide: Masterclass
• How to Write a Standout Argumentative Essay: Grammarly
• Suggestions for Developing Argumentative Essays: University of California Berkeley
• Tips for Organizing an Argumentative Essay: Valparaiso University

How To Avoid Plagiarism And Prove Your Research & Writing Are Topnotch

• What Is Plagiarism?
• Types Of Plagiarism
• Can You Plagiarize Yourself?
• Consequences
• Best Practices
• Why Cite Sources
• How To Cite

You have a term paper due in the morning and you just need a few more paragraphs to finally finish it and go to bed. You’re tired. You’re frustrated. You can’t think of anything else to say about the science behind bioaccumulation . So, what do you do? Do you look it up in the dictionary and decide to just copy and paste a paragraph or two of the Homework Helper, change a couple of words, and call it a night?

It’s a relatable situation—and a tempting solution in the moment.

But wait! Your whole academic career is at stake here! What you were just about to do is an incredibly serious mistake that could cost you everything. You might be thinking “Oh, come on! It’s just a few words. What’s the big deal?” Well, stealing someone else’s words or ideas is actually, in fact, a super big deal. A bigger deal than you might even realize. You see, this act of intellectual theft is called plagiarism, and it is taken very seriously. How seriously? Well, we will get to that shortly, but first let’s learn more about what plagiarism actually is.

What is plagiarism ?

Plagiarism is “an act or instance of using or closely imitating the language and thoughts of another author without authorization and the representation of that author’s work as one’s own, as by not crediting the original author.”

In other words, plagiarism is taking someone else’s work and passing it off as your own without crediting the person you took it from. While the word plagiarism is most often used to refer to writing, it can also refer to using someone else’s photos, video, music, and other forms of media. To give one summation, the University of Oxford states that “All published and unpublished material, whether in manuscript, printed or electronic form” falls under the definition of plagiarism.  (Note: while this article links to sources, as is widely customary in popular writing, it is important to know that the specific guidelines for citation vary depending on the medium.) The verb form of plagiarism is plagiarize and a person who plagiarizes something is called a plagiarist.

An obvious example of plagiarism would be if you copied a chapter of author J.R.R. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings (1954) and claimed it was a fantasy short story that you wrote. It would also be considered plagiarism to perform one of Beethoven’s sonatas while crediting yourself as the original composer. However, claiming someone’s work as your own without changing anything isn’t the only form of plagiarism.

Rather than plagiarize, let memorable works inspire you instead, such as the way works of literature inspired these famous songs.

What are the different types of plagiarism?

Depending on the workplace, college, or other organization, the exact rules for what is and isn’t plagiarism may be different. In general, you don’t have to worry about plagiarism when you are stating common knowledge (facts your intended audience is likely to know), such as A triceratops is a dinosaur. You also do not need to worry about plagiarism if you are stating your own opinions, your own arguments, or are making a creative work that only includes all of your own original ideas and creations. For example, the statement I believe “The Raven” is Edgar Allen Poe’s best work because it clearly demonstrates his talent as an American Gothic writer is an opinion and doesn’t need to have a citation.

In most cases, plagiarism isn’t just limited to using someone else’s exact words as your own. Generally speaking, plagiarism is often separated into several different categories. The exact names of each of these types often change, but most of them are specifically mentioned in a university’s rules on academic dishonesty, such as those found at Northern Illinois University or the University of Oxford , or in articles about the topic of plagiarism in higher education .

Verbatim or direct plagiarism

This kind of plagiarism is the most obvious and is what most people probably think of when they hear the word plagiarism. This form of plagiarism involves simply “copy and pasting” someone’s exact words without changing a single thing. Here is an example of verbatim  (“word for word”) plagiarism:

• Original text: Tigers are solitary animals. They largely keep to themselves until the mating season. They are not the group hunters that lions are known to be.
• Plagiarized text:   Tigers are solitary animals. They largely keep to themselves until the mating season. They are not the group hunters that lions are known to be.

Paraphrasing plagiarism

This kind of plagiarism occurs when a person paraphrases a source or multiple sources without crediting the original author(s). Remember, facts must be attributed to a source if a writer personally didn’t discover them and the facts are not considered common knowledge. So, even when paraphrasing it is important to use phrasing such as “according to” or “as said by” to clarify what information is not an original thought.

In paraphrasing   plagiarism, the wording or word order of the original source is changed—but the plagiarized text may retain too many similarities to the original. Additionally, the plagiarist is still trying to pass off someone else’s ideas or research as their own. This form of plagiarism is especially common and some people do it without actually intending to commit plagiarism. Especially when a student first begins to engage in more intensive writing, they may be overwhelmed by the complexity of recognizing that all unoriginal research must be cited . Here is a simple example of plagiarism through paraphrasing:

• Plagiarized text:   Tigers usually live alone. Unless it is the mating season, they mostly keep to themselves. Unlike lions, they are not known to be group hunters.

As you can see, in this particular case, the writer both retains much of the general structure and wording of the original text but does not offer a significant enough revision. Crucially, the writer fails to cite the source of this text at all, and so this is considered plagiarism.

Patchwork or mosaic plagiarism

This type of plagiarism is similar to paraphrasing. Patchwork  or mosaic plagiarism involves interweaving paraphrasing of sources with some of the author’s own ideas or arguments. Because the stolen and original material is mixed together, it can be more difficult for a reader to recognize which words or ideas have been copied from sources. For example, consider a research team that observes real-life tiger behavior. The background information included in its report about tiger behavior should be cited even if the research gathered via tiger observation is original. Here is a simple example of this kind of plagiarism :

• Plagiarized text:   Tigers are different from lions in many ways. Unlike lions, tigers mostly live solitary lives. Tigers and lions also live in different habitats and hunt different prey. This may explain why tigers do not hunt or live large groups like lions are known to do. Our research team observed solitary behavior by all tigers during the summer we visited the preserve.

The writer’s mistake in this instance is not citing any of the material gathered through research of others’ work.

Do you know the difference between primary and secondary sources? Learn more about the importance of each kind of source for the next time you cite them.

Collusion or sharing

This kind of plagiarism involves two or more people working together to pass off one person’s work as another’s , hence the implication of collusion (“a secret agreement, especially for fraudulent or treacherous purposes”). This type of plagiarism can be common in schools or colleges, where students will share essays or complete each other’s assignments. Even though a person may have another’s consent to use their work, it is still considered plagiarism because a person is trying to deceive someone (their teacher or professor) by claiming another’s work as one’s own.

Paid or hired plagiarism

Similar to collusion, paid plagiarism involves paying someone to create something and then passing it off as one’s own work. Hired plagiarism can involve paying another student for their essay or hiring a freelance writer to complete a report.

Improper citation and accidental plagiarism

Depending on the organization, poor or incorrect citations may be treated the same as other types of plagiarism. Generally speaking, this is more likely to be the case when it involves major errors such as unattributed quotations or an absence of a bibliography rather than a minor misspelling of a source’s name or a missing colon. Still, laziness or apathy when sourcing is often an indication that a person is unconcerned with properly crediting their sources and thus is often considered just as serious a breach of ethics or academic integrity as other types of plagiarism.

Can you plagiarize yourself?

There is a term for the act of plagiarizing yourself: self-plagiarism . In academic settings, self-plagiarism typically involves using the same essay or assignment in multiple classes. Unlike all other forms of plagiarism, this type may be rarely permitted in schools or colleges if a student asks for permission from their instructor first. Of course, not asking first is never a good idea!

Outside of schools, self-plagiarism may take the form of a researcher using the same exact wording and data in multiple papers or citing their own previous work . In academia and scientific research, it is important to cite work done by others so you can use their research to strengthen your own ideas or arguments by showing that your original ideas are based on facts and proper evidence. Self-plagiarizing creates the illusion of supporting evidence when an author uses their (and only their) own previous work to support their arguments or hypotheses .

Self-plagiarism also often involves copyright and intellectual property law (we’ll get to these more later). The simple explanation is that a creator often surrenders the rights to their work to a newspaper, record company, or publishing house. If that person then tries to use that same content again elsewhere, they are very likely to face a lawsuit. As the Supreme Court case of Fogerty v. Fantasy, Inc demonstrates, even if the person is the original creator, they still face the possibility of being accused of plagiarism if using content they don’t control the legal rights to.

What are the consequences of plagiarism?

Given all that has been said, you are probably asking yourself “Is plagiarism a crime?” Generally speaking, the act of plagiarism itself is not illegal as there is no criminal or civil law against it in most places. However, the consequences for committing plagiarism can be serious. If caught committing plagiarism, a student is very likely to be expelled from school and a person is likely to be fired and/or ostracized from their professional community.

An infamous example of this occurred in the 2003 New York Times plagiarism scandal involving former journalist Jayson Blair. It was discovered that Blair made up many of the facts in his stories and repeatedly plagiarized other newspapers. Blair resigned from the newspaper and would never work in journalism again. However, Blair’s actions damaged the credibility of the paper to the extent that several longtime editors resigned soon after to attempt to lessen the damage to the Times’s reputation. The moral of the story: do not commit plagiarism!   

In the United States and elsewhere, most colleges consider plagiarism to be completely and unquestionably unacceptable . It is treated as a serious violation of academic integrity and the punishment for even the first incidence of plagiarism is often an immediate failure of a class, lengthy suspension, or even outright expulsion.

Professionally, a person who commits plagiarism often violates what are known as copyright and intellectual property laws and will face often incredibly expensive lawsuits.

What is protected by copyright?

Very briefly, the term intellectual property (often shortened to “IP”) refers to works of creativity and includes all kinds of creative things such as books, music, film, video games, logos, symbols, and so on. As stated by the World Intellectual Property Organization , intellectual property is protected by the law through things like patents , trademarks , and copyright . Like any other property, IP can be owned by a person or company and the owner has the right to make money off of it.

Copyright is the legally protected right to original ownership, according to the United States Copyright Office . As outlined in a guide to copyright by Cornell University , if someone has the copyrights to something, they (and only they) are legally allowed to make copies of it, make other works based on it, distribute copies of it, publicly perform it, or publicly display it. Copyright law gets extremely complex, but you can think of a copyright as the “right” to decide who gets to “copy” something.

In practice, this means that an original creator is usually the only person who can use their creation unless they give permission to someone (such as through contracts or licensing agreements) or sell the copyright to someone else. For example, director George Lucas and his company Lucasfilm owned the copyrights ( over 3,000 of them, in fact ) to Star Wars after Lucas created the movie franchise in the 1970s. That meant that only George Lucas, Lucasfilm, and anyone Lucasfilm gave permission to (likely after receiving payment) could lawfully create things that used Star Wars or any of its characters. However, the Walt Disney Company would buy Lucasfilm , and thus gain control of its copyrights, in 2012. This means that now Disney (as the owner of Lucasfilm) has the legal right to say who can and cannot create something that uses Star Wars or any of its characters. This means that even George Lucas would now need Disney’s permission to make a Star Wars film, despite the fact that he was the original creator.

Learn more about how copyright works by examining the symbols for copyright, trademark, and more.

Best practices to avoid plagiarism

If you want to avoid plagiarism, it is important to learn the proper way to give credit to sources and to use citations. Listed below are the three major styles that are often consulted when making citations and generally what topics they are used for:

• APA style (American Psychological Association): business writing and the sciences
• MLA style (Modern Language Association): the humanities
• Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago style): history, theology, religious studies, the humanities, and some sciences

Usually, an instructor or your boss will make it clear which style you are expected to use. You can find many reference books and online resources that explain how to use each of these styles correctly.

Some general advice 

While each style guide has different rules for things such as footnotes and bibliographies, there is some general advice that is common among them—and it boils down to, well, good research, critical thinking, and writing.

• Keep good, organized notes that separate your own ideas, statements, and arguments from your sources. By doing this, you will be able to remember to cite the information later, and it will be much easier to find the original source again if you need it.
• Use direct quotes only when you really need to. Using an author’s exact words is best if they make a very important point or use especially interesting or persuasive language. Needless to say, exact quotes must be thoroughly and properly cited within the text and in footnotes.
• Rather than paraphrase, it is better to summarize an author’s general point or argument using your own words. Even when doing so, you must note where the information you used came from by properly citing and crediting the source.
• In general, citing and crediting is not necessary if you are stating common knowledge, mentioning a work or author briefly in passing, or collectively referencing a person’s entire career, philosophy, or body of work.

Why cite sources and information

Cite, cite, cite! While some writers may fear that citing sources is a sign of weakness because the ideas aren’t original, citing is a sign of effective, strong writing—and it shows that a writer is using research to support arguments they are making or information they are synthesizing.

Citing sources is a fantastic habit to get into. Taking the time to properly and clearly cite all of your sources will earn you the love and respect of your teachers, employees, and editors. Properly citing sources is good because:

• It helps avoid plagiarism by making it clear what is not your own words or research.
• It shows you care enough about your work to follow basic style guidelines.
• It shows that you actually did research, so your writing is more likely to be accurate.
• It shows you know how to use reference materials and analyze and synthesize sources for useful or supportive information.
• It allows another person to use those same resources to review your work so they can both ensure its accuracy and that you didn’t simply copy a source verbatim.

How to cite sources and information

So, how do you actually cite something when you want to reference it in your work? Well, that depends a lot on what exactly your source is and how you intend to cite it. For now, let’s assume you want to cite our great article on the difference between the words college and university. Let’s make good citations of this article using all three major styles (APA, Chicago, and MLA).

APA Style  

Using APA Style , we can make both an in-text and reference list citation of our source.

Thesaurus.com. (n.d.) “College” vs. “University”: Are They Synonyms?  Retrieved June 7, 2023 from https://www.thesaurus.com/e/ways-to-say/college-vs-university/

• In-text citation: Parenthetical: (Thesaurus.com, n.d.) Narrative: Thesaurus.com (n.d.)

Chicago Style

With Chicago Style , we can (and must) cite our source using notes and in the bibliography.

““College” vs. “University:” Are They Synonyms?” Thesaurus.com, accessed June 7, 2023, https://www.thesaurus.com/e/ways-to-say/college-vs-university/

Thesaurus.com. ““College” vs. “University:” Are They Synonyms?” Accessed June 7, 2023. https://www.thesaurus.com/e/ways-to-say/college-vs-university/

MLA Style also uses both in-text citations and citations in a Works Cited List.

“College” vs. “University:” Are They Synonyms?” Thesaurus.com,   https://www.thesaurus.com/e/ways-to-say/college-vs-university/ Accessed 7 June 2023

• In-text citation: (““College” vs. “University””)

As you can see, each style guide handles citations differently. These citations work for an article on a website, but there are tons of other sources of information that can be cited. For more information on citing specific sources, you should consult the particular style guide of the citation style you are using.

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Home — Essay Samples — Philosophy — Determinism — Definition Paper on Determination

Definition Paper on Determination

• Categories: Determinism Teamwork

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Published: Jun 6, 2024

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The Struggle for Survival: Understanding why the Red Panda is Endangered

This essay is about the reasons behind the red panda’s endangered status. The red panda, native to the eastern Himalayas and southwestern China, faces several threats, including habitat loss due to deforestation, poaching for fur and the illegal pet trade, and the impacts of climate change on their bamboo food source. Human-wildlife conflict, such as competition with livestock and accidental trapping, also contributes to their decline. Conservation efforts, including habitat preservation, anti-poaching measures, and community education, are essential to protect this species. The essay emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach involving governments, organizations, and local communities to secure the red panda’s future.

How it works

The red panda, a diminutive mammal indigenous to the eastern Himalayas and southwestern China, has perpetually ensnared the affections of those who chance upon it. Adorned with its tawny coat, luxuriant tail, and distinctive facial adornments, the red panda stands as a captivating emblem of ecological diversity. Despite its allure, the red panda confronts a precarious predicament. Categorized as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), this species confronts the specter of extinction. To fathom the reasons behind the red panda’s peril, we must delve into the multifarious factors that contribute to its descent.

One of the foremost perils to the red panda is habitat degradation. The red panda’s native habitat comprises temperate woodlands abundant with dense bamboo thickets, a pivotal constituent of their sustenance. However, the rampant deforestation for agricultural pursuits, logging activities, and human habitation has markedly diminished these woodlands. In locales such as Nepal, the red panda’s habitat has undergone a precipitous reduction owing to the proliferation of arable land and infrastructural expansion. This habitat loss not only diminishes the expanse available for red pandas to inhabit and forage but also fractures their populations, rendering the quest for mates and procreation arduous. Furthermore, habitat fragmentation augments the peril of consanguinity, precipitating a decline in genetic heterogeneity and, by extension, the overall vitality of the populace.

In tandem with habitat loss, poaching poses a significant menace to the red panda. Despite the illegality of red panda hunting across much of their range, the enforcement of such statutes is frequently lackadaisical. Crimson pandas fall prey to poaching for their pelts, coveted for the fabrication of headwear and attire, and for their luxuriant tails, deemed auspicious talismans. Moreover, red pandas are occasionally ensnared for illicit trade as pets. The capture and demise of red pandas for these objectives have been contributory to their diminishment, directly attenuating their numbers and disrupting their societal fabric.

Another factor underpinning the red panda’s imperiled status is climate perturbation. The red panda’s habitat evinces a pronounced susceptibility to alterations in temperature and precipitation. As climatic warming ensues, the distribution of bamboo, their principal sustenance, is imperiled. Bamboo varieties evince specific growth requisites, and climatic vicissitudes can precipitate the extirpation of bamboo groves. Deprived of adequate bamboo, red pandas grapple with the procurement of sustenance, resulting in malnourishment and diminished reproductive fecundity. Furthermore, climate variation can exacerbate the ramifications of habitat fragmentation by engendering impediments to mobility and isolating populations with greater acuity.

Human-wildlife discord represents yet another conundrum confronting red pandas. With burgeoning human populations encroaching upon red panda habitats, interactions between humans and red pandas burgeon. The grazing of livestock within red panda territories foments competition for resources, culminating in the potential subjugation or displacement of red pandas. Furthermore, red pandas occasionally fall victim to traps set for other fauna, occasioning injury or demise. These conflicts commonly ensue from the burgeoning intersection of human enterprises and red panda habitats.

Initiatives for conservation are presently underway to counteract these perils and safeguard the red panda. Entities such as the Red Panda Network and WWF are striving to conserve and rehabilitate red panda habitats, advocate for sustainable forestry practices, and mitigate human-wildlife discord. Measures targeting poaching, community enlightenment, and the establishment of sanctuaries are integral constituents of these endeavors. Additionally, research into red panda ecology and conduct is imperative to inform conservation stratagems and secure their efficacy.

Notwithstanding these endeavors, the future of the red panda remains tenuous. The amalgamation of habitat loss, poaching, climate perturbation, and human-wildlife discord poses a convoluted and persistent quandary. Preserving the red panda necessitates a multifaceted approach that addresses both the proximate perils and the fundamental catalysts of their descent. The engagement of local communities in conservation initiatives is imperative, as their involvement and advocacy are indispensable for the enduring success of these undertakings.

In summation, the red panda faces endangerment due to the confluence of habitat loss, poaching, climate perturbation, and human-wildlife discord. These factors have precipitated a marked dwindling in their populace and persist in imperiling their perpetuation. Conservation endeavors are imperative for preserving this distinctive and cherished species, albeit they must be all-encompassing and enlist the collaboration of governments, entities, and local communities. By redressing the root causes of the red panda’s diminishment and implementing efficacious conservation stratagems, we may aspire to secure a future for the red panda, ensuring that this extraordinary creature endures to grace our planet for generations to come. Remember, this dissertation serves as a springboard for contemplation and further inquiry. For tailored guidance and to ascertain the adherence of your dissertation to all academic norms, consider availing the services of professionals at EduBirdie.

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Guest Essay

America’s Military Is Not Prepared for War — or Peace

By Roger Wicker

Mr. Wicker, a Republican, is the ranking member of the U.S. Senate Armed Services Committee.

“To be prepared for war,” George Washington said, “is one of the most effectual means of preserving peace.” President Ronald Reagan agreed with his forebear’s words, and peace through strength became a theme of his administration. In the past four decades, the American arsenal helped secure that peace, but political neglect has led to its atrophy as other nations’ war machines have kicked into high gear. Most Americans do not realize the specter of great power conflict has risen again.

It is far past time to rebuild America’s military. We can avoid war by preparing for it.

When America’s senior military leaders testify before my colleagues and me on the U.S. Senate Armed Services Committee behind closed doors, they have said that we face some of the most dangerous global threat environments since World War II. Then, they darken that already unsettling picture by explaining that our armed forces are at risk of being underequipped and outgunned. We struggle to build and maintain ships, our fighter jet fleet is dangerously small, and our military infrastructure is outdated. Meanwhile, America’s adversaries are growing their militaries and getting more aggressive.

In China, the country’s leader, Xi Jinping, has orchestrated a historic military modernization intended to exploit the U.S. military’s weaknesses. He has overtaken the U.S. Navy in fleet size, built one of the world’s largest missile stockpiles and made big advances in space. President Vladimir Putin of Russia has thrown Europe into war and mobilized his society for long-term conflict. Iran and its proxy groups have escalated their shadow war against Israel and increased attacks on U.S. ships and soldiers. And North Korea has disregarded efforts toward arms control negotiations and moved toward wartime readiness.

Worse yet, these governments are materially helping one another, cooperating in new ways to prevent an American-led 21st century. Iran has provided Russia with battlefield drones, and China is sending technical and logistical help to aid Mr. Putin’s war. They are also helping one another prepare for future fights by increasing weapons transfers and to evade sanctions. Their unprecedented coordination makes new global conflict increasingly possible.

That theoretical future could come faster than most Americans think. We may find ourselves in a state of extreme vulnerability in a matter of a few years, according to a growing consensus of experts. Our military readiness could be at its lowest point in decades just as China’s military in particular hits its stride. The U.S. Indo-Pacific commander released what I believe to be the largest list of unfunded items ever for services and combatant commands for next year’s budget, amounting to $11 billion. It requested funding for a raft of infrastructure, missile defense and targeting programs that would prove vital in a Pacific fight. China, on the other hand, has no such problems, as it accumulates the world’s leading hypersonic arsenal with a mix of other lethal cruise and attack missiles.

Our military leaders are being forced to make impossible choices. The Navy is struggling to adequately fund new ships, routine maintenance and munition procurement; it is unable to effectively address all three. We recently signed a deal to sell submarines to Australia, but we’ve failed to sufficiently fund our own submarine industrial base, leaving an aging fleet unprepared to respond to threats. Two of the three most important nuclear modernization programs are underfunded and are at risk of delays. The military faces a backlog of at least $180 billion for basic maintenance, from barracks to training ranges. This projects weakness to our adversaries as we send service members abroad with diminished ability to respond to crises.

Fortunately, we can change course. We can avoid that extreme vulnerability and resurrect American military might.

On Wednesday I am publishing a plan that includes a series of detailed proposals to address this reality head-on. We have been living off the Reagan military buildup for too long; it is time for updates and upgrades. My plan outlines why and how the United States should aim to spend an additional $55 billion on the military in the 2025 fiscal year and grow military spending from a projected 2.9 percent of our national gross domestic product this year to 5 percent over the next five to seven years.

It would be a significant investment that would start a reckoning over our nation’s spending priorities. There will be conversations ahead about all manner of budget questions. We do not need to spend this much indefinitely — but we do need a short-term generational investment to help us prevent another world war.

My blueprint would grow the Navy to 357 ships by 2035 and halt our shrinking Air Force fleet by producing at least 340 additional fighters in five years. This will help patch near-term holes and put each fleet on a sustainable trajectory. The plan would also replenish the Air Force tanker and training fleets, accelerate the modernization of the Army and Marine Corps, and invest in joint capabilities that are all too often forgotten, including logistics and munitions.

The proposal would build on the $3.3 billion in submarine industrial base funding included in the national security supplemental passed in April, so we can bolster our defense and that of our allies. It would also rapidly equip service members all over the world with innovative technologies at scale, from the seabed to the stars.

We should pair increased investment with wiser spending. Combining this crucial investment with fiscal responsibility would funnel resources to the most strategic ends. Emerging technology must play an essential role, and we can build and deploy much of it in less than five years. My road map would also help make improvements to the military procurement system and increase accountability for bureaucrats and companies that fail to perform on vital national security projects.

This whole endeavor would shake our status quo but be far less disruptive and expensive than the alternative. Should China decide to wage war with the United States, the global economy could immediately fall into a depression. Americans have grown far too comfortable under the decades-old presumption of overwhelming military superiority. And that false sense of security has led us to ignore necessary maintenance and made us vulnerable.

Our ability to deter our adversaries can be regained because we have done it before. At the 50th anniversary of Pearl Harbor, in the twilight of the Soviet Union, George H.W. Bush reflected on the lessons of Pearl Harbor. Though the conflict was long gone, it taught him an enduring lesson: “When it comes to national defense,” he said, “finishing second means finishing last.”

Regaining American strength will be expensive. But fighting a war — and worse, losing one — is far more costly. We need to begin a national conversation today on how we achieve a peaceful, prosperous and American-led 21st century. The first step is a generational investment in the U.S. military.

Roger Wicker is the senior U.S. senator from Mississippi and the ranking member of the Senate Armed Services Committee.

The Times is committed to publishing a diversity of letters to the editor. We’d like to hear what you think about this or any of our articles. Here are some tips . And here’s our email: [email protected] .

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