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Top 10 Drugs PowerPoint Templates with Examples and Samples

Gunjan Gupta

Gabor Maté, a renowned addiction expert, once said: "Not all addictions come from abuse or trauma, but I believe they all stem from painful experiences. Hurt is at the core of all addictive behaviors." This viewpoint encourages us to see drug-use not just as a problem or a moral failing, but as a human struggle, echoing the pain and challenges many face. In the heart of every person battling addiction lies a story not just of despair but also a cry for help with a potential of healing.

For example, let’s take the story of Emma–a bright university student, whose initial drug use spiraled into a profound addiction. Transitioning from a well laid out life on campus to one on the streets, Emma faced immense emotional turmoil, societal stigma, and severe judgment for her addiction. 

And this is what our pharmaceutical industry is trying to eradicate by developing new and useful drugs to help save our youngsters each passing day. However, this process isn’t as easy as it sounds!

Thus, as a responsible scientist in charge of a pharmaceutical drug development process, it's crucial to arm yourself with the correct knowledge and tools. Ready-made PowerPoint Templates can be invaluable in this regard. Our drugs PowerPoint Templates offer a structured way to present information on drug awareness, prevention strategies, and recovery stories, helping to engage audiences, share knowledge, and spark action.

Are you worried about substance abuse in your workplace or school, and how can you address them effectively? Here is a blog with ready-to-use templates to do so with ease!

By weaving real-life stories with accessible resources, you can promote a more empathetic, informed, and proactive approach to drug challenges. 

Need to present complex medical information in a clear and concise way? This post and templates can be your secret weapon! 

Let’s begin now and explore the ten most-downloaded drugs PowerPoint Templates from our library of over 5 million presentation designs! 

Template 1: New Drug Development Process PowerPoint Presentation

Delve into the journey of introducing a new medicine to your local pharmacy with this enlightening PowerPoint Presentation. Explore the intricate steps involved, from the initial spark of an idea to its arrival on the market shelves. This PPT Template walks you through the essential phases like early research, animal testing, human trials, regulatory green lights, and the grand unveiling to the public. It also sheds light on clinical trials with goals such as testing if the drug has any effect, expanding drug administration, performing comparative analysis, and more. Tailored for pharmaceutical wizards, curious researchers, and savvy educators, it unpacks the scientific marvels, ethical dilemmas, and business savvy behind every pill we swallow. Grab this PPT Layout now!

Download now 

Template 2: Drug Discovery and Development Clinical Research

Explore the exciting journey of creating a new medicine with this PPT design. The PPT Slide will take you step by step through developing a drug, from the beginning, such as drug discovery, preclinical development, clinical research, etc, to monitoring it once it is available. Also, learn about other important information, like adjusting the formula, ensuring safety, and getting approval. It's all about understanding how each part is vital in ensuring the medicine works well and succeeds. So, whether you're a curious scientist, a pharmaceutical company, or someone with a keen interest, this presentation template is for you. Get it now from the link below.

Template 3: Drug Indication Expansion in a Pharma Company Case Competition Complete Deck

Looking to broaden the reach of your pharmaceutical products? Dive into our Drug Indication Expansion in a Pharma Company case competition deck. This comprehensive presentation is specifically for pharma companies, strategists, and business development pros eager to explore new therapeutic avenues. Learn how to expand the usage of your existing drugs into fresh markets, boosting profitability and extending their lifecycle. It covers everything from market analysis and regulatory hurdles to designing effective clinical trials and crafting solid commercial strategies with slides like company overview, current issue and solution, SWOT analysis, product development strategy, pricing strategy, and more. Discover how to identify and validate new use cases, giving your drugs the potential to make an even bigger impact on patients' lives while growing your business using this PowerPoint Presentation. Download now!

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Template 4: Phases of Drug Discovery and Development Process PowerPoint Presentation

Present a roadmap for making new medicines with this PPT design. It is easy to understand PPT Guide for teachers, scientists, and people in the drug industry. The slides cover everything from finding the first idea for a medicine to watching how well it works after it's for sale. Each step is important, like checking the idea, finding good chemicals, testing them in labs, and trying them on people. It also includes reasons for drug failure on the basis of toxicity, efficacy, inadequate drug performance, and more. Additionally, it shows the challenges and successes of making a new medicine, giving a full view of how it's done. It's like a behind-the-scenes look at the complicated process of making medicines. Download it now! 

Template 5: Quality by Design for Generic Drugs PowerPoint Presentation

Shed light on substance misuse and the paramount importance of responsible medication management. This PPT Presentation is crafted to cater to healthcare professionals, educators, and individuals dedicated to raising awareness about. It explores a wide spectrum of topics, spanning from pharmaceutical development overview, general information such as API, registration status, applications, process parameters, identifying indicators of misuse to instituting safe medication protocols, etc. Through comprehensive education and community engagement, its endeavor is to confront substance abuse head-on, fostering a healthier and safer environment for all. Download it now from the link below!

Template 6: Drug Abuse Awareness Medicinal Measuring Individual Spreading

Looking out for our community's well-being is essential, so we created this Drug Abuse Awareness: Medicinal Measuring & Individual Spreading presentation. It allows you to talk about how drugs can be harmful and why it's important to use medication correctly. This PPT Presentation is great for doctors, teachers, and anyone who cares about spreading the word. It can be used to spot signs of drug problems with various icons and imagery such as drug abuse posters, drug abuse quotes, drug abuse slogans, and more. By teaching ourselves and others, we can take on drug abuse and make our communities healthier and safer. This presentation isn't just full of facts—it's a big help in our mission to be healthier and happier. So download it now! 

Template 7: Blockchain Technology Impact on Drugs Supply Chain Domain Training PPT

Detail the multifaceted issues addressed by integrating blockchain into drug and medical device supply chains. It lays out the benefits, such as reduction in complexity, costs, and errors, and the enhancement of security and transparency. The emphasis on shared, trusted transactions and the creation of an audit trail highlights blockchain's potential to improve efficiency and reliability in the supply chain. This PPT Design is an influential tool for convincing decision-makers of the need to adopt blockchain for operational improvements and to maintain the integrity of pharmaceutical products. Click on the link below to get it now!

Template 8: Pharma Drugs Supply Chain Distribution Flowchart

Lay down the step by step guide showing how drugs move through the system with this PPT Slide. Highlight the important people and organizations involved, such as the Food and Drug Administration, developers, distributors, and the pharmacies where you pick them up using this PPT slide. This makes it easier for everyone to understand how drugs are developed, checked for safety, and sent out to patients, helping everyone involved see what they need to do and how they fit into the process. As an essential educational resource, this PPT Slide is indispensable for training purposes, particularly in the areas of logistics within the realm of the pharmaceutical sector. Grab it now! 

Template 9: Blockchain Impact On Drugs Supply Chain With Enhanced Transparency Between Authorized Parties Training PPT

Inform stakeholders about the transformative potential of blockchain technology in managing the drug supply chain with this PPT Design. Explain the need for transparency within the supply chain to combat the prevalence of counterfeit medications. Also bring attention to the crucial function of pharmacy inspectors and the active involvement of all parties, demonstrating how blockchain technology can deliver a clear and accountable record for every transaction made with this PPT Slide. Thus, use this readymade PPT Layout to exemplify blockchain's capacity to enhance trust and reliability in drug traceability.  

Template 10: Drugstore Startup Business Plan

Present a comprehensive business plan detailing a startup’s objectives, strategies, and competitive advantages with this PPT Design. The PPT Template provides placeholders for essential contact details, fostering a sense of accessibility and professionalism. The imagery suggests a focus on community health and personal engagement, which are vital in a healthcare setting. This PPT Slide is thus useful to convey the essence of the business to potential investors, partners, or regulatory bodies, emphasizing customer service and care. Download it today! 

In the end, tackling the drug dilemma is about weaving threads of empathy, knowledge, and resilience into a tapestry of hope. By embracing the stories behind the statistics with pre-designed Drug PowerPoint Templates, we unlock the power to transform despair into healing, guiding each other towards a brighter, more understanding future.

So download your favorites today! 

P.S Launching a new drug is no easy feat. But with a well-defined plan, you can increase your chances of success. How? Give this blog with pharmaceutical product launch templates a read now!

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Home Collections Medical Drugs

Free Drugs Presentation Templates

Free powerful drugs powerpoint templates and google slides themes to educate your community with bright pictures and easy-to-read words. explain the dangers, share support resources, and spark change. choose your template, download, customize, and present with confidence. find your perfect template now and start building your presentation today.

• Cannabis: Explore the science, social impact, and potential risks associated with cannabis use.
• Smoking Cessation: Motivate and guide individuals on their journey to quitting smoking.
• Dangers of Cigarette Smoking: Uncover the harmful effects of cigarette smoking on health and well-being.
• Anti-Smoking Campaigns: Craft impactful presentations to spread awareness and encourage smoking cessation.
• Drug Addiction: Present the complexities of addiction, highlighting its causes, consequences, and treatment options.
• National Alcohol Screening Day: Mark this important day with informative slides about alcohol awareness.
• Royalty-Free Images & Graphics: No copyright hassles! Use the visuals with confidence in your presentations.
• 100% Editable: Customize every element to match your brand and message.
• Infographics & Charts: Make complex data easy to understand with engaging visuals.
• Professional Layouts: Create polished and impactful presentations without design expertise.
• Drug addiction PowerPoint templates free downloads: Make use of these free slides to create awareness without breaking the bank.

We're here to help you!

What are drugs powerpoint templates.

These templates are pre-designed slide layouts for creating powerful awareness presentations related to drug addiction. It includes creative illustrations to create an impact.

Where can we use these Drugs PowerPoint Slides?

We can use these slides in various settings, including substance abuse awareness programs, medical conferences, research presentations, etc.

How can I make a Drugs Template in a presentation?

To create a drugs slide in a presentation, you can use pre-designed templates available online or customize an existing slide layout with relevant images, graphics, and text. To learn more about creating on your own, do visit our tips and tricks!

Why do we need to use Drugs PPT slides?

These slides can help to convey complex information related to drug addiction in a visually engaging way, which will improve audience understanding, promote awareness, and enhance retention of the information presented.

Who can use these Drugs PowerPoint Templates?

Anyone who needs to create a powerful presentation related to drugs, including medical professionals, educators, researchers, and individuals involved in substance abuse prevention, can use these templates.

Where can I find free Drugs PPT Templates?

Many platforms offer free templates. Slide Egg is also one of the best service providers with professional PowerPoint templates.

Jan 05, 2020

1.06k likes | 1.73k Views

Drug Abuse. The Truth About Drugs. Before We Get Started…. I am here to EDUCATE you and provide you with true, FACTUAL information (not my opinion)

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• pain killer
• illegal drug
• short term effects
• long term effects irritability

Presentation Transcript

Drug Abuse The Truth About Drugs

Before We Get Started… • I am here to EDUCATE you and provide you with true, FACTUAL information (not my opinion) • Life is all about choices; I cannot make these choices for you. What I can do is provide you with factual information so that you have the ability to make informed decisions. • Knowledge = Power (sounds cheesy, but it’s true!) • http://www.drugfreeworld.org/#/documentaries/truth-about-drugs-documentary-intro (8min)

Statistics • Alcohol isthemostcommonlyused and abuseddrugoverall (otherthancaffeine) • Alcohol-relatedincidents (car accidents, alcohol poisoning, etc.) are the 2nd leading cause of teendeath in the US. 1st cause= car accident • Legal drinkingage: 21 • Marijuanaisthemostcommonlyusedillegaldrug

Why do people take drugs? • To fit in • To escape or relax • To relieve boredom • To seem grown up • To rebel • To experiment • What else? People believe drugs are the solution. But eventually, drugs become the problem.

Misuse vs. Abuse • Drug Misuse- taking or using medicine in a way that is not intended. • Ex: taking 4 Tylenol for a headache instead of the recommended 1-2 • Drug Abuse- intentionally using drugs in a way that is unhealthy or illegal. • Ex: taking a prescription medicine that is not prescribed to you • Ex: taking a prescription medicine as it was not intended (taking a pain killer to achieve a “high” and not to relieve pain) Which is worse?

Addiction • Despite knowing how horrible, dangerous, and expensive addiction is, people still try drugs every day. Why? They think that they are different—that they will not get addicted. • Addiction does not discriminate— rich, poor, urban, rural, good family life, bad family life, educated, illiterate, young or old. • NO ONE is invincible.

How Do Drugs Work? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5f1nmqiHIII

Vocabulary • Synthetic- man-made • Gateway- leading to other drugs • Tolerance- when a person’s body becomes used to a drug or medicine and needs greater and greater amounts of it to feel the same effect -Does this cause the gateway effect?? • Potency- strength of drug • Carcinogen- cancer-causing chemicals

Vocabulary, cont. • Euphoria- intense feelings of wellbeing, happiness, excitement, and joy; drug users feel this during a “high” • Illicit- illegal • Rehabilitation- the process of medical and psychological treatment for dependence on drugs or alcohol (helps people recover from addiction)

Consequences of Drug Use • Teens who use illegal drugs may stop pursuing their interests and goals • May lead to other risky behaviors (such as?) • Drug use is a leading factor in teen depression and suicide • Drug use is directly related to violence • Drug use puts a burden on family and friends.

7 Categories of Drugs • Depressants- Slow down activity in the brain and body; decrease heart rate and blood pressure • Stimulants- Speed up activity in the brain and body; increase heart rate and blood pressure • Hallucinogens- Cause user to perceive things differently than they actually are; user may see things that are not really there

Categories of Drugs Cont. • Pain Killer/Dissociative Anesthetics- inhibit pain by cutting off the brain’s perception of pain • Pain Killer/Narcotic Analgesics- relieve pain and induce euphoria; create mood changes in the user • Inhalants- Breathable substances that produce mind-altering results and effects. • Cannabis- Marijuana • Active ingredient that causes high= tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) • WAY more THC in today’s marijuana than in the 60s/70s- more dangerous and addictive

Alcohol • Depressant • Short-term effects- impaired judgment, coordination, slurred speech, memory loss • Long-term effects- liver damage, increased risk of heart disease, decreased brain function, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (pregnant motherchild) • Binge Drinking (5+ drinks in a short period of time) can lead to alcoholism. What’s a “drink”? • It is illegal for anyone under the age of 21 to buy, possess, or consume alcohol. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZQ7oqmikZDQ • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VHVd_ydoG8s • http://www.snagfilms.com/films/title/haze_abridged 36min

Marijuana • Cannabis. Slang terms? • Short-term effects- Memory problems, distorted perceptions (sights, sounds, time, touch), trouble thinking and problem-solving, loss of coordination, increase heart rate, and anxiety. • Long-term effects- Can cause psychotic symptoms, depression, damage to heart and lungs, weakens immune system and affects hormones.

Marijuana • Vs. Cigarettes • marijuana still has carcinogens, just like ciggs • 5 joints=full pack of cigarettes (more smoke, deeper inhalation, etc) Medical use? • For the average, healthy person, marijuana has NO health benefits (see above) • The only time marijuana is helpful medically is when a person is extremely sick. For example, cancer patients may need it in order to have an appetite/be able to eat. Would you want to get chemo as a healthy person? • Gateway or Stepping Stone Drug? http://www.mtv.com/shows/truelife/true-life-im-addicted-to-marijuana/1687401/playlist/#id=1687401

Heroin • Pain killer; extremely addictive • Short-term effects- Clouded thinking, nausea and vomiting, heart functions and breathing severely slowed; user can become addicted after just one use • Long-term effects- Collapsed veins, soft-tissue infections, liver and kidney damage, diseases from injection (HIV/AIDS) and death from overdose

Prescription Drugs • Must be prescribed by a medical professional • OxyContin- painkiller just as addictive and potent as heroin • Vicodin- painkiller • Valium- depressant Prescription pills are responsible for more overdose deaths in the US than cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine and amphetamines combined.

Pain Killers • Pain Killers only mask the pain for which they are taken and do not “cure” anything. • Short-term effects- physical dependence with severe withdrawal symptoms ; severe pain until next dose is taken • Long-term effects- Liver damage, mood changes, and death from overdose. • One of the hardest addictions to ‘kick’

Inhalants • Inhalant category– obviously  • Short-term effects- slurred speech, impaired judgment, nausea, coughing, nosebleeds, fatigue, and lack of coordination; death by heart attack or suffocation; Starves body of oxygen. • Long-term effects- Lose sense of smell, nausea and nosebleeds, may develop liver, lung and kidney problems. Loss of muscle mass, tone and strength.

Ecstasy • Hallucinogen; synthetic drug made in laboratory • Also known as MDMA, Molly, etc. • Mixing Ecstasy & alcohol is extremely dangerous • Short-term effects- Impaired judgment, confusion, depression, anxiety, paranoia, teeth clenching, sweating, and severe dehydration which can lead to death after first use • Long-term effects- Permanent brain damage affecting the person’s judgment and thinking ability.

Methamphetamines(Crystal Meth) • Stimulant; synthetic • Short-term effects- aggression, irritability, anxiety, hyperactivity, delusions of power, hallucinations, paranoia and convulsions resulting in death. • Long-term effects- Increased heart rate and blood pressure, damage to blood vessels in brain leading to strokes or irregular heartbeat and death. Liver, kidney and lung damage. Brain damage including memory and inability to grasp thoughts. Severe mood swings.

Crystal Meth Ingredients • Acetone • Anhydrous Ammonia • Battery Acid • Chloroform • Drain Cleaner • Freon • Rubbing Alcohol • Iodine One of the hardest addictions to break http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/meth/body/faces.html

Cocaine • Stimulant • Short-term effects- can’t sleep or eat properly. Increased heart rate, muscle spasms and seizures. Paranoia, anger, anxiety. Heart attack and stroke that can cause immediate death. • Long-term effects- Irritability, mood disturbances, hallucinations, paranoia, depression

Crack • Stimulant; most potent form of cocaine • Short-term effects- same as cocaine • Long-term effects- damage to heart, liver and kidneys. Sleep deprivation and malnutrition. Extreme tolerance build up

LSD and PCP • Hallucinogens- derived from an extremely poisonous fungus plant • Short-term effects- High body temperature, increase heart rate and blood pressure, loss of appetite, tremors (intense body shaking). Severe, terrifying thoughts and feelings, fear of losing control, fear of insanity and death, and feelings of despair. May commit suicide due to a bad “trip” • Long-term effects- Flashbacks, long lasting psychosis (basically being out of touch with reality, not being able to communicate clearly; a permanent feeling of being “out of it”)

Drugs are NOT cool. The kids your age who THINK they are cool are going to be living in their parents’ basement at age 30 and will be total LOSERS…. Trust me. If you mess around with drugs, assume you will become an addict, or worse…

• More by User

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Teenagers finding new ways to get high. Drug Abuse. Prescription Drugs Alcoholic Energy Drinks Signs and Symptoms of Drug Use. Skittles Party. Prescription Drugs.

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DRUG ABUSE. Drugs are chemicals that change how your body works. You may hear that all drugs are bad but if you get prescribed one from a doctor and follow instructions they are referred to as medicine Medicines like paracetamol and calpol are legal and help you feel better.

1.27k views • 9 slides

Drug ABUSE. Thesis statement. The harmful effects of Meth on the environment are. Contents . Of the 32 Ingredients of Meth, One third of them are extremely toxic to the body & the environment. Contents. Sodium hydroxide Anhydrous Ammonia Iodine Matches - Red Phosphorus Ephedrine

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Drug Abuse. Or, Rather, Treatment.

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Drug abuse . Welcome to life orientation for grade 10 learners . Meet your teacher . MS SAMBO K. S. LEARNING OUTCOMES . After working through this unit, you should progressively know how to •Define what is drug abuse •Name types of drug abuse •Causes, effect and prevention

591 views • 8 slides

Prescription Drug Abuse Is Drug Abuse

Prescription Drug Abuse Is Drug Abuse. About Rx Drug Abuse. What is prescription ( R x) drug abuse? Prescription drug abuse is when someone takes a medication inappropriately,  such as: Without a prescription In a way other than as prescribed For the “high” elicited. The Problem.

757 views • 23 slides

Drug Abuse. Illegal drugs-substances that are against the law for people of any age to manufacture, possess, buy or sell. Drug abuse-use of a drug for non-medical purposes. Marijuana. Marijuana-drug made from the hemp plant.

1.81k views • 17 slides

Drug Abuse. Cassi Skinner. Statistics. Most common abused drug is Marijuana 19.5 million people over the age of 12 use illegal drugs in the United States Over six million children in America live with at least one parent who has a drug addiction.

336 views • 10 slides

Drug Abuse. Self administration of drug or drugs in manner not in accord with accepted medical or social patterns. Drug Abuse. Psychological Dependenc (Habituation) addiction. Drug necessary to maintain user’s sense of well-being Physical Dependence, dependence

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Drug Abuse. … the prevalence of severe drug abuse problems and their consequences has increased since 1985…. The Economic Costs of Alcohol and Drug Abuse in the United States, 1992 National Institute on Drug Abuse National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. GOALS.

1.29k views • 43 slides

Drug Abuse. Munir Gharaibeh, MD, PhD, MHPE Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan April, 2014. Drug Dependance. A condition in which the user has a compelling desire to continue taking the drug either to experience its effects or to avoid the discomfort of its absence.

470 views • 24 slides

Drug Abuse. Senior Health - Bauberger. Drugs used in 2012 by 12 th graders. Cocaine. Methamphetamine. Inhalants. “Molly”. Street term for MDMA, a “club drug” Stimulant, other chemicals or substances (caffeine, amphetamines, PCP, or cocaine) are often added, purity is always unknown

433 views • 17 slides

Drug Abuse. By Ali And Aaqib. What is a drug. A drug is a substance which affects the way the mind and body works. It can be natural or manufactured A drug can be legal or illegal caffeine is the most widely used drug Prescription drugs are stronger legal drugs given by a doctor

383 views • 15 slides

Drug Abuse. Kaylene Schroeder Sociology C-7. Top 5 Most Used drugs. Alcohol Tobacco Marijuana Meth Heroin. Alcohol. Symptoms. What is Alcohol?. Alcohol is a psychoactive substance, which means that it has the ability to change consciousness and to alter perceptions and behavior.

343 views • 8 slides

We are arrogant of the medical repair and care we provide to our patients by expert consultants and specialist that work as a team carrying the legacy of the founders and committed to excellence, attentiveness and humankind when commerce with patients. Visit Us :- http://www.adelsadek.org/

293 views • 2 slides

Drug and alcohol abuse is a common problem today. Just like any addiction, its a problem that you cannot solve on your own. While treatment centers can provide you solutions, you must want help yourself.

703 views • 49 slides

Drug Abuse. Mr. Breiner 10 th Grade - Health. Drug Abuse- taking legal drugs for reasons other than those intended or using controlled substances illegally interferes with normal everyday activity Multi Substance Abuse- abuse of two or more drugs

162 views • 7 slides

Turn in your “Target Heart Rate” lab, if you did not yesterday. Please get out a pencil and sheet of paper. Drug Abuse. A drug is any substance other than food which changes the way the body or mind functions. Types of Drugs.

570 views • 50 slides

Watch CBS News

Psychoactive drugs like ketamine and MDMA are having a moment. The FDA will soon weigh in.

By Dawn Megli

May 28, 2024 / 5:00 AM EDT / KFF Health News

Lori Tipton is among the growing number of people who say that MDMA, also known as ecstasy, saved their lives.

Raised in New Orleans by a mother with untreated bipolar disorder who later killed herself and two others, Tipton said she endured layers of trauma that eventually forced her to seek treatment for crippling anxiety and hypervigilance. For 10 years nothing helped, and she began to wonder if she was "unfixable."

Then she answered an ad for a clinical trial for MDMA-assisted therapy  to treat post-traumatic stress disorder. Tipton said the results were immediate, and she is convinced the drug could help a lot of people. But even as regulators weigh approval of the first MDMA-based treatment, she's worried that it won't reach those who need it most.

"The main thing that I'm always concerned about is just accessibility," the 43-year-old nonprofit project manager said. "I don't want to see this become just another expensive add-on therapy for people who can afford it when people are dying every day by their own hand because of PTSD."

Which drugs are being explored?

MDMA is part of a new wave of psychoactive drugs that show great potential for treating conditions such as severe depression and PTSD. Investors are piling into the nascent field, and a host of medications based on MDMA, LSD, psychedelic mushrooms, ketamine, the South American plant mixture ayahuasca, and the African plant ibogaine are now under development, and in some cases vying for approval by the Food and Drug Administration.

Proponents hope the efforts could yield the first major new therapies for mental illness since the introduction of modern antidepressants in the 1980s. But not all researchers are convinced that their benefits have been validated, or properly weighed against the risks. And they can be difficult to assess using traditional clinical trials.

The first MDMA-assisted assisted therapy appeared to be on track for FDA approval this August, but a recent report from an independent review committee challenged the integrity of the trial data from the drug's maker, Lykos Therapeutics, a startup founded by a psychedelic research and advocacy group. The FDA will convene a panel of independent investigators on June 4 to determine whether to recommend the drug's approval.

Proponents of the new therapies also worry that the FDA will impose treatment protocols, such as requiring multiple trained clinicians to monitor a patient for extended periods, that will render them far too expensive for most people.

Tipton's MDMA-assisted therapy included three eight-hour medication sessions overseen by two therapists, each followed by an overnight stay at the facility and an integration session the following day.

"It does seem that some of these molecules can be administered safely," said David Olson, director of the University of California-Davis Institute for Psychedelics and Neurotherapeutics. "I think the question is can they be administered safely at the scale needed to really make major improvements in mental health care."

From psychedelics to breakthrough therapies

Psychedelics and other psychoactive substances, among the medicines with the oldest recorded use , have long been recognized for their potential therapeutic benefits. Modern research on them started in the mid-20th century, but clinical trial results didn't live up to the claims of advocates, and they eventually got a bad name both from their use as party drugs and from rogue CIA experiments that involved dosing unsuspecting individuals.

The 1970 Controlled Substances Act made most psychoactive drugs illegal before any treatments were brought to market, and MDMA was classified as a Schedule 1 substance in 1985, which effectively ended any research. It wasn't until 2000 that scientists at Johns Hopkins University were granted regulatory approval to study psilocybin anew.

Ketamine was in a different category, having been approved as an anesthetic in 1970. In the early 2000s, researchers discovered its antidepressant effects, and a ketamine-based therapy, Spravato, received FDA approval in 2019. Doctors can also prescribe generic ketamine off-label, and hundreds of clinics have sprung up across the nation. A clinical trial is underway to evaluate ketamine's effectiveness in treating suicidal depression when used with other psychiatric medications.

Ketamine's apparent effectiveness sparked renewed interest in the therapeutic potential of other psychoactive substances.

They fall into distinct categories: MDMA is an entactogen, also known as an empathogen, which induces a sense of connectedness and emotional communion, while LSD, psylocibin and ibogaine are psychedelics , which create altered perceptual states. Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic, though it can produce hallucinations at the right dose.

Despite the drugs' differences, Olson said they all create neuroplasticity and allow the brain to heal damaged neural circuits, which imaging shows can be shriveled up in patients with addiction, depression and PTSD.

"All of these brain conditions are really disorders of neural circuits," Olson said. "We're basically looking for medicines that can regrow these neurons."

Psychedelics are particularly good at doing this, he said, and hold promise for treating diseases including Alzheimer's.

A number of psychoactive drugs have now received the FDA's "breakthrough therapy" designation, which expedites development and review of drugs with the potential to treat serious conditions.

What are the downsides and risks of psychoactive drug studies?

But standard clinical trials, in which one group of patients is given the drug and a control group is given a placebo, have proven problematic, for the simple reason that people have no trouble determining whether they've gotten the real thing.

The final clinical trial for Lykos' MDMA treatment showed that 71% of participants no longer met the criteria for PTSD after 18 weeks of taking the drug versus 48% in the control group.

A March report by the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review, an independent research group, questioned the company's clinical trial results and challenged the objectivity of MDMA advocates who participated in the study as both patients and therapists. The institute also questioned the drug's cost-effectiveness, which insurers factor into coverage decisions.

Lykos, a public benefit company, was formed in 2014 as an offshoot of the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies, a nonprofit that has invested more than $150 million into psychedelic research and advocacy.

The company said its researchers developed their studies in partnership with the FDA and used independent raters to ensure the reliability and validity of the results.

"We stand behind the design and results of our clinical trials," a Lykos spokesperson said in an email.

There are other hazards too. Psychoactive substances can put patients in vulnerable states, making them potential victims for financial exploitation or other types of abuse. In Lykos' second clinical trial, two therapists were found to have spooned, cuddled, blindfolded and pinned down a female patient who was in distress.

The substances can also cause shallow breathing, heart issues  and hyperthermia.

To mitigate risks, the FDA can put restrictions on how drugs are administered .

"These are incredibly potent molecules and having them available in vending machines is probably a bad idea," said Hayim Raclaw of Negev Capital, a venture capital fund focused on psychedelic drug development.

But if the protocols are too stringent, access is likely to be limited.

Rachel del Dosso, a trauma therapist in the greater Los Angeles area who offers ketamine-assisted therapy, said she's been following the research on drugs like MDMA and psilocybin and is excited for their therapeutic potential but has reservations about the practicalities of treatment.

"As a therapist in clinical practice, I've been thinking through how could I make that accessible," she said. "Because it would cost a lot for [patients] to have me with them for the whole thing."

Del Dosso said a group therapy model, which is sometimes used in ketamine therapy, could help scale the adoption of other psychoactive treatments, too.

How artificial intelligence is helping find analog molecules

Researchers expect plenty of new discoveries in the field. One of the companies Negev has invested in, Mindstate Design Labs, uses artificial intelligence to analyze "trip reports," or self-reported drug experiences, to identify potentially therapeutic molecules. Mindstate has asked the FDA to green-light a clinical trial of the first molecule identified through this method, 5-MeO-MiPT, also known as moxy.

AlphaFold, an AI program developed by Google's DeepMind, has identified thousands of potential psychedelic molecules.

There's also a lot of work going into so-called analog compounds, which have the therapeutic effects of hallucinogens but without the hallucinations. The maker of a psilocybin analog announced in March that the FDA had granted it breakthrough therapy status.

"If you can harness the neuroplasticity-promoting properties of LSD while also creating an antipsychotic version of it, then that can be pretty powerful," Olson said.

This article was produced by KFF Health News , a national newsroom that produces in-depth journalism about health issues and is one of the core operating programs at KFF — the independent source for health policy research, polling and journalism. KFF Health News is the publisher of California Healthline , an editorially independent service of the California Health Care Foundation .

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Fentanyl is fueling a record number of youth drug deaths

The new trend has shocked many pediatricians, who say they feel unprepared to provide counseling on opioid addiction.

Fentanyl, a pervasive killer in America’s illicit drug supply, is increasingly landing in the hands of teens across the region and nation, worrying providers who say treatment options for youths are limited.

Across the country, fentanyl has largely fueled a more than doubling of overdose deaths among children ages 12 to 17 since the start of the pandemic, according to a Washington Post analysis of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data released this month.

Fatal overdoses in D.C., Maryland and Virginia are in keeping with the national increase in opioid fatalities, which until recently primarily claimed the lives of adults. In 2022, 45 teens succumbed to opioids locally, a number roughly equal to the previous three years combined, data show. And incomplete data for 2023 show no sign of the crisis abating in young people.

Physicians at area hospitals report a rise in young people who took opioids arriving to emergency rooms and local addiction specialists say the number of teens seeking help for opioid use is spiking — especially among Latinos.

The surge, experts said, reflects a collision between adolescents’ natural drive to experiment, a decline in teen mental health and an increase in the availability and potency of counterfeit pills that mimic the appearance of prescription medications, making the experimentation that is a hallmark of adolescence more dangerous. A single pill containing fentanyl can be lethal, and those who survive often need comprehensive addiction care that clinicians say isn’t widely available.

“You had this really, really disastrous combination of a dangerous drug supply with teens who were increasingly struggling,” said Scott Hadland, chief of adolescent and young adult medicine at Mass General for Children and Harvard Medical School.

Many pediatricians surveyed nationwide report feeling underprepared to counsel patients on opioid use, Hadland and his co-authors found in an analysis of survey results . As providers try to catch up and government agencies weigh how best to respond, many schools are stocking overdose reversal medication as recently recommended by the Biden administration and are working to teach students and families about the dangers.

Easy to get from friends or through social media, potent pills masquerading as prescription Percocet or oxycodone cost a few dollars each and seemed to flood the market as students reeling from the isolation and the trauma of the pandemic returned to school, treatment providers said in interviews.

Frequently sold online at $2 to $10 a piece, addiction specialists say, pills laced with fentanyl are hard to spot, easy to hide and can quickly lead to powerful dependencies — or worse.

“It’s not easy to stay away from drugs once your body has a substance abuse disorder. The pump is primed. The brain wiring has been rewired,” said Daniel Smith, director of addiction services at Mary’s Center, a community health center that predominantly serves Spanish-speaking patients in D.C. and Maryland.

Smith and Sivabalaji Kaliamurthy, a pediatric addictions specialist who runs the Children’s National Hospital addictions clinic, have spent years treating young people addicted to marijuana or alcohol. In the summer of 2022, they saw a change that shocked them both: teens were seeking treatment for opioid dependency. Now they almost exclusively treat opioid use disorder.

“We did not anticipate this happening with teens. It kind of fell in our lap,” Smith said, adding: “Before 2022, we had no kids ever [for that].”

“All of this has come together when kids were coming back to school post covid,” Kaliamurthy said.

Opioid-related visits to the emergency department at Children’s National in Northwest D.C. from 12-to-21-year-olds doubled from 2022 to 2023, while visits for other drugs remained flat, said Anisha Abraham, the hospital’s chief of the Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine.

A dozen young people ages 16 to 19 died in the District last year, surpassing the previous high of six in 2021 and echoing the precipitous rise in adult overdose deaths which hit a record 522 last year, according to a recent medical examiner’s report.

Montgomery County emergency rooms tracked a spike in opioid-related visits last year among young people ages 10 to 21, according to state surveillance data . Hispanic youths made up 4 in 10 visits; Black youths a quarter and White youths about 20 percent, data show.

While White teens make up the largest share of adolescent opioid deaths nationally and locally, Black and Hispanic adolescents are now dying at a faster rate, CDC data show.

Liseth’s mother knew something was wrong in summer of 2022 when her teenage daughter stopped cleaning her room and started smoking marijuana. Within months, Liseth lost weight, ate less, came home late and vomited often. Even while raising two other children and working, her mother could tell Liseth wasn’t herself. The first doctor the Maryland family saw dismissed her concerns but when they ended up at the Children’s National Hospital emergency department in Northwest Washington last year, Liseth admitted she was using fentanyl.

The mother shared her daughter’s story with her permission, speaking Spanish through an interpreter on the condition of anonymity to protect the family’s privacy and identifying Liseth, now 17, by her middle name.

While data shows the profile of a fatal overdose victim in D.C. is a middle-aged Black man who snorts or injects heroin, treatment providers say adolescents like Liseth almost exclusively use pills, known as M30s, perks or blues, by inhaling the fumes off a foil. Teens tell providers they have easy access to the pills at school and once their friend group begins using, it’s hard to say no.

Experimentation and pushing boundaries is part of being an adolescent, Smith said, “but you can die from using a perk one time and that is terrifying.” As of 2020, drug overdoses and poisonings rank as the third-leading cause of pediatric deaths in America, after firearm-related injuries and motor vehicle crashes. Fentanyl is present in at least three-quarters of teen overdose deaths, CDC data show.

Treatment has been tough on Liseth, who was born in Virginia to Guatemalan parents and lives in a tidy suburban home in Maryland filled with flowers and symbols of her family’s Catholic faith. There were relapses, disappearances, a 911 call and a stay at the Psychiatric Institute of Washington. Her mom considered moving the family back to Guatemala.

Kaliamurthy, Liseth’s doctor, advised them to stay in the U.S. and started the girl on monthly injections of extended-release buprenorphine , a medication commonly used to treat opioid use disorder that blunts withdrawal symptoms and cravings. Finally, things are turning around. She is eating again, looking healthy and — unable to go to school where drugs are ubiquitous — ready to start a GED program.

How families can approach youth opioid use

• Talk to your teen about your concerns. Ask about use by friends and classmates as well
• Remind your child that you love them and will be there to support them
• Consider involving a health professional or counselor soon as possible
• Remind your teen to have Narcan available and to never use alone
• Look out for small, constricted “pinpoint pupils”
• Choking or gurgling sounds
• Slow, shallow breathing
• Limp body; loss of consciousness
• Having pale, blue or cold skin
• Call 911 for emergency medical help.
• Give naloxone (if available) which can reverse the effects of an opioid overdose
• Keep your child or teen awake and breathing by rubbing their chest with your knuckles
• Lay them on their side to prevent choking if they vomit
• Stay with your child or teen until professional help arrives
• Pick it up free at participating pharmacies in each ward
• Text LiveLongDC to 888-811 and an outreach worker will deliver it within two business days
• Fill out a form online to have it mailed to your home in discrete packaging
• Contact a Public Overdose Response Program to pick up free naloxone or have it delivered to your home
• Naloxone may also be found in your local pharmacy and billed to insurance and Medicaid.​​
• For more information or if you need help finding naloxone, contact [email protected]
• Ask about free naloxone at your local Community Service Board or health department
• Most pharmacies sell a two-pack of naloxone nasal sprays over the counter for about $45

Provisional data released in May by the CDC showed a slight decrease in overdose deaths among all ages across the country last year — heralded by some public health leaders as a glimmer of progress.

The contrasting increase among youths is especially troubling, experts say, because when and where counterfeit pills can trigger a spate of overdoses is unpredictable. Teens are especially vulnerable to the consequences of hidden fentanyl as many are experimenting and have no tolerance to opioids, Hadland said.

A spate of nonfatal overdoses in Loudoun and a suspected overdose in Arlington last year prompted schools to institute drug-sniffing dogs and embrace the overdose antidote naloxone, adding it to first aid kits and allowing students to carry it.

As prevention techniques ramp up, officials are seeking more ways to expand intensive treatment options for adolescents who need inpatient and outpatient care, using medication and individual, group and family therapy. The District this year sought a teen residential treatment provider and awarded the Children’s National clinic an $830,000 contract to expand outpatient substance use services.

For adolescents on public insurance, there are no residential treatment options in D.C. and only a few spots in Maryland, leaving youths to navigate the challenges of outpatient care while surrounded by triggers.

“If you live with people who are using drugs, if you go to school with people who are using drugs, if you encounter people between home and school using drugs … It’s very hard to stay sober,” Smith said.

The mother of a 16-year-old from Silver Spring, who spoke on the condition of anonymity to protect her daughter’s privacy with the teen’s permission, said it never occurred to her that any of her daughter’s friends would be using fentanyl or that her child could become addicted.

Then her daughter’s girlfriend died, and she noticed the teen was spending more time alone. The family smelled the telltale odor of fentanyl fumes, like burnt tires, emanating from the basement.

They turned to Children’s National, where she was already receiving mental health care, and entered an intensive outpatient treatment program. After bristling at the daily reminder of her struggle when taking daily buprenorphine as a tablet, she switched to a longer-acting injection form of the drug and started to feel better.

There are hard days, but the family feels lucky to be able to navigate insurance hurdles and afford the out-of-pocket costs associated with her treatment.

The spike is driving public health experts to rethink preventive drug education for young people. Guidance should present not using drugs as the safest choice but also include information about reducing risk for those who choose to experiment, Mass General’s Hadland and a co-author said in a New England Journal of Medicine article earlier this year.

“We always say to teenagers, ‘Don’t use drugs,’” said Abraham, the Children’s National adolescent medicine specialist. “But I will also say that the nature of being a young person, is that they’re going to try things — especially when you tell them not to.”

David Ovalle contributed to this report.

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Top US drug agency a notable holdout in Biden’s push to loosen federal marijuana restrictions

FILE - DEA Administrator Anne Milgram speaks during a news conference at the Justice Department in Washington, Friday, April 14, 2023. The Biden administration’s push to reclassify marijuana as a less-dangerous drug is going forward without the support of the nation’s premier narcotics agency. Newly released government records show the Drug Enforcement Administration requested more information on supporting science to reclassify marijuana but the Justice Department decided to move ahead without the drug agency’s signoff — an unprecedented omission. (AP Photo/Susan Walsh, File)

FILE - An indoor cannabis farm in Gardena, Calif., is seen, Aug. 15, 2019. The Biden administration’s push to reclassify marijuana as a less-dangerous drug is going forward without the support of the nation’s premier narcotics agency. Newly released government records show the Drug Enforcement Administration requested more information on supporting science to reclassify marijuana but the Justice Department decided to move ahead without the drug agency’s signoff — an unprecedented omission. (AP Photo/Richard Vogel, File)

FILE - Attorney General Merrick Garland speaks during a news conference at Department of Justice headquarters in Washington, March 21, 2024. The Biden administration’s push to reclassify marijuana as a less-dangerous drug is going forward without the support of the nation’s premier narcotics agency. Newly released government records show the Drug Enforcement Administration requested more information on supporting science to reclassify marijuana but the Justice Department decided to move ahead without the drug agency’s signoff — an unprecedented omission. (AP Photo/Jose Luis Magana, File)

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In an isolated part of the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration headquarters known as the 12th-floor “bubble,” chief Anne Milgram made an unusual request of top deputies summoned in March for what she called the “Marijuana Meeting”: Nobody could take notes.

Over the next half hour, she broke the news that the Biden administration would soon be issuing a long-awaited order reclassifying pot as a less-dangerous drug , a major hurdle toward federal legalization that DEA has long resisted. And Milgram went on to reveal another twist, according to two people familiar with the private meeting who spoke to The Associated Press on condition of anonymity, that the process normally steered by the DEA had been taken over by the U.S. Justice Department and the action would not be signed by her but by Attorney General Merrick Garland.

Milgram didn’t give aides a reason for the unprecedented omission and neither she nor the DEA has explained since. But it unfolded this past week exactly as laid out in that meeting two months ago, with the most significant drug policy change in 50 years launched without the support of the nation’s premier narcotics agency.

“DEA has not yet made a determination as to its views of the appropriate schedule for marijuana,” reads a sentence tucked 13 pages into Garland’s 92-page order last Thursday outlining the Biden administration proposal to shift pot from its current Schedule I alongside heroin and LSD to the less tightly regulated Schedule III with such drugs as ketamine and some anabolic steroids.

Internal records accompanying the order indicate the DEA sent a memo to the Justice Department in late January seeking additional scientific input to determine whether marijuana has an accepted medical use, a key requirement for reclassification. But those concerns were overruled by Justice Department attorneys, who deemed the DEA’s criteria “impermissibly narrow.”

Several current and former DEA officials told the AP they believe politics may be at play, contending the Justice Department is moving forward with the marijuana reclassification because President Joe Biden wants to use the issue to woo voters in his re-election campaign and wasn’t willing to give the DEA time for more studies that likely would have dragged beyond Election Day.

Those officials also noted that while the Controlled Substances Act grants the attorney general responsibility for regulating the sale of dangerous drugs, federal law still delegates the authority to classify drugs to the DEA administrator.

“It’s crystal clear to me that the Justice Department hijacked the rescheduling process, placing politics above public safety,” said Derek Maltz, a retired agent who once headed the DEA’s Special Operations Division. “If there’s scientific evidence to support this decision, then so be it. But you’ve got to let the scientists evaluate it.”

Former DEA Administrator Tim Shea said the striking absence of Milgram’s sign-off suggests she was backing “the DEA professionals.”

“If she had supported it she would have signed it and sent it in,” said Shea, who served in the Trump administration. “DEA was opposed to this and the politics entered and overruled them. It’s demoralizing. Everybody from the agents in the streets to the leadership in DEA knows the dangers this brings.”

The White House did not respond to a request for comment but Press Secretary Karine Jean-Pierre previously said Biden was committed to fulfilling a 2020 campaign promise. “He said no person, no American who possesses marijuana should go to jail. It is affecting communities across the country, including communities of color.”

Justice Department attorneys defended Garland’s decision to proceed without Milgram’s backing, saying in a separate memo that the action was prompted by “sharply different views” between DEA and the Department of Health and Human Services. The HHS last year recommended reclassifying marijuana, deeming it less risky to public health than cocaine, heroin and oxycodone, and effective in treating anorexia, pain and other ailments.

HHS concluded in part that “although abuse of marijuana produces clear evidence of a risk to public health, that risk is relatively lower than” that posed by other drugs.

The DEA balked at those findings and Garland’s order cites at least 10 times when the drug agency requested additional information before blessing HHS’ medical findings. It did not respond to AP questions seeking further comment.

The Justice Department didn’t comment on internal differences but in a statement said that the proposal was “consistent with the scientific and medical determinations of HHS.” The department added it was legally required to follow HHS’s scientific and medical findings that marijuana should be reclassified, at least until the start of the rulemaking process.

The dissonance within the federal government underscores the continuing debate over the risks posed by cannabis, even as 38 states have legalized medical marijuana and 24 have legalized its recreational use. All the while, more voters — 70% of adults, according to a Gallup poll last fall — support legalization, the highest level yet recorded by the polling firm.

“The argument that marijuana is as dangerous as fentanyl, cocaine and meth is laughable,” said Matthew C. Zorn, a Houston-based attorney who writes a newsletter on cannabis regulation. “The DEA isn’t where most Americans are. They’re standing on the wrong side of history.”

But even HHS’ National Institute on Drug Abuse has come out with statements in apparent conflict with HHS’ recommendation to reclassify pot, saying the potency of marijuana has been steadily increasing over the years, resulting in higher numbers of emergency room visits to treat a wide range of physical and mental effects, from breathing problems and mental impairment to hallucinations and paranoia.

“Whether smoking or otherwise consuming marijuana has therapeutic benefits that outweigh its health risks is still an open question that science has not resolved,” Nora Volkow, a neuroscientist who leads NIDA, is currently quoted as saying on the institute’s website. A NIDA spokesperson said rescheduling would facilitate research more into the drug.

The NIDA last performed a medical evaluation of marijuana in 2015 — a year before the Obama administration’s DEA rejected a similar request to reschedule the drug.

This time, after Biden ordered a review of the drug’s status in 2022, HHS adopted new criteria to reach its rescheduling conclusion, taking into account the states that have already legalized medical marijuana.

The rescheduling move, first reported by the AP last month, faces a potentially lengthy process. The DEA, which must show “significant deference” to HHS’ medical determinations, according to Justice Department attorneys, will now take public comment on the rescheduling plan before a review by an administrative judge and the publishing of a final rule. Federal prosecutions involving marijuana are already exceedingly rare but a Schedule III classification would still make pot a controlled substance subject to rules and regulations

For her part, Milgram has said little about her stance on marijuana and was not asked about it during her confirmation. When she took the helm of the agency in 2021, she privately told colleagues she considered the legalization debate a distraction from the far more serious fentanyl crisis, according to one of the people who spoke to the AP.

Milgram is known for a progressive, data-driven approach to law enforcement dating to her days as the Democratic attorney general of New Jersey. When the state’s governor, a close ally, signed a bill in 2010 making the state the 14th to make marijuana legal for medical purposes, she said only that the legislation was “workable.”

This past week, she was similarly opaque in a three-sentence announcement to DEA employees obtained by the AP.

“As required,” she wrote, “the DEA will post this notice and all attachments on our website.”

Goodman reported from Miami, Mustian from New York. AP Writer Lindsay Whitehurst in Washington contributed.

Contact AP’s global investigative team at [email protected] or https://www.ap.org/tips/

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DEA and its Partners Remove More than 670,000 Pounds of Unused Medications from Communities Nationwide

WASHINGTON  – DEA and its local law enforcement partners collected 670,136 of unused medications during the 26th National Prescription Drug Take Back Day on April 27, 2024.  This is an increase from the more than 663,000 pounds collected in April 2023.

In its 15th year of the program, DEA partnered with more than 4,600 law enforcement partners at close to 5,000 sites nationwide.  Since the program’s inception in 2010, National Prescription Take Back Day has removed more than 18.6 million pounds of unneeded medications from communities across the country.

According to a report published by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), a majority of people who use prescription medication for a nonmedical purpose obtained that medication from a family member or friend.

DEA continues to expand opportunities to make safe disposal of medicatio ns more accessible nationwide. Beyond DEA’s Take Back Day, the community can regularly and safely dispose of unneeded medications at close to 17,000 pharmacies, hospitals, and businesses, working to help clean out medicine cabinets throughout the year. Those locations can be found  here . In addition, many police departments provide year-round drop boxes.

Complete results for DEA’s spring National Prescription Drug Take Back Day are available at  Take Back Day (dea.gov) .

Senators blame sky-high drug prices on abuse of the patent system

WASHINGTON — The drug industry’s top lobbying group on Tuesday faced fierce questioning at a Senate Judiciary Committee hearing that explored whether abuse of the patent system is responsible for keeping prescription drug prices sky-high in the United States.

The patent system is meant to reward innovation by allowing drugmakers to exclusively sell new medications on the market for a set period of time — typically 20 years . 

During this time, other companies can’t make generic versions of the drug, severely limiting competition.

Senators across the political spectrum on Tuesday accused drug companies of abusing the system.

"I'm a big believer in our patent system, and I believe in the exclusivity that is provided to people who discover new life-saving drugs," Sen. John Cornyn, R-Texas, said. "But at the same time, I'm angry when I look at the abuse of the patent system."

Companies may file as many as 160 patents for any given drug, Cornyn said.

That tactic is referred to as "evergreening" — an industry practice in which a drugmaker extends the patent by making small tweaks to the drug or the device used to deliver the medication.

Sen. Peter Welch, D-Vt., said that Novo Nordisk currently holds 25 patents on Ozempic, 21 of which have to do with the injectable pen that delivers the medication and not the drug itself.

The practice of making tweaks to a drug or its delivery device is not illegal, Arti Rai, a professor at Duke University School of Law, told lawmakers.

Still, the federal government has tried to blunt efforts to prevent generic competition. Late last month, the Federal Trade Commission challenged hundreds of patent listings it said were intended to prevent lower priced drugs from reaching the market.

Jocelyn Ulrich, vice president of policy and research at the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, the drug industry’s trade group, said during the hearing that the group is not in support of “anti-competitive behaviors.”

But the current patent system has proper "checks and balances" in place, Ulrich said. "I think it's working."

Sen. Lindsey Graham, R-S.C., responded: "You think it's working? Yeah, well, I don't."

Committee chair Dick Durbin, D-Ill., homed in on Humalog, the diabetes drug from Eli Lilly. The drug is one of the costliest medications covered by Medicare.

Eli Lilly has successfully extended Humalog's patent multiple times since its approval over 20 years ago, keeping generic versions off the market until recently.

Despite being a decades-old medication, Durbin said, Humalog has a list price of around $330 per vial in the U.S., up from around $20 per vial when it was approved.

“Many patients are paying inflated prices," he said. “Too often the prices charged by Big Pharma do not reflect scientific advancement, but are rather the work of skilled lawyers manipulating the patent system."

Sen. Jon Ossoff, D-Ga., told a similar story about inhalers. The active ingredients in them haven't significantly changed over the past three decades, he said, yet prices remain high because extended patents have limited competition.

“The price Georgians are paying is outrageous,” Ossoff said.

“It really is outrageous,” Sen. Cory Booker, D-N.J., said of the practices drug companies use to limit competition. He added that he’s heard from constituents who say they’ve had to delay or skip medication because it was unaffordable.

“The bottom line here is the cost of health care in this country is killing folks,” Welch said. 

CORRECTION (May 28, 2024, 1:18 p.m. ET): A previous version of this article misstated the drug Humalog’s history with Medicare. It has not been selected by the federal government for price negotiations.

Berkeley Lovelace Jr. is a health and medical reporter for NBC News. He covers the Food and Drug Administration, with a special focus on Covid vaccines, prescription drug pricing and health care. He previously covered the biotech and pharmaceutical industry with CNBC.

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Grayson Murray, Winner of Two PGA Tour Titles, Dies at 30

Murray, who was outspoken about his depression and alcohol abuse, had begun a comeback after several volatile years, winning this year’s Sony Open in Hawaii.

By Emmett Lindner

Grayson Murray, the professional golfer who won two PGA Tour titles and was outspoken about his battles with depression and alcohol, died on Saturday. He was 30.

His death was confirmed in a statement on Saturday by the PGA Tour. He died by suicide, according to a PGA Tour statement that was released on Sunday on behalf of his parents.

“We have spent the last 24 hours trying to come to terms with the fact that our son is gone,” the statement said. “It’s surreal that we not only have to admit it to ourselves, but that we also have to acknowledge it to the world.”

After a successful 40-foot putt to win the Sony Open in Hawaii in January, Murray rose to 46th in the Official World Golf Ranking, a career high. The event marked the height of a comeback run after several volatile years as Murray struggled with his mental health.

In a news conference after winning the Sony Open, Murray said that for a time he would drink during tournament weeks.

“Best thing and worst thing that ever happened to me was winning my rookie year, but also feeling like I was invincible,” he said. “I’m a different man now, and I would not be in this position right now, today, if I didn’t put that drink down eight months ago.”

He added that he had attended rehabilitation for a month. “I hope I can inspire a lot of people going forward that have their own issues,” he said. Murray had failed to gain PGA Tour status for several months last year after a series of off-course events mirrored a decline in his play.

An alcohol-related incident at a hotel bar in Hawaii in 2021 led to his suspension from the PGA Tour. Afterward, he posted to social media.

“Why was I drunk?” he wrote, adding that he was an “alcoholic that hates everything to do with the PGA Tour life and that’s my scapegoat.”

The golfer Phil Mickelson, who has struggled with a gambling addiction , responded at the time on social media , saying “If I can help in any way I’d be happy to.”

This year, Murray played well enough to qualify for the Masters Tournament and P.G.A. Championship. On Friday, he withdrew from the second round of the Charles Schwab Challenge in Fort Worth, Texas, citing an illness.

Grayson Murray was born on Oct. 1, 1993, in Raleigh, N.C., according to an ESPN biography. Mr. Murray is survived by his parents, Eric and Terry, and his brother, Cameron, and sister, Erica, according to the statement.

He attended Wake Forest, East Carolina and Arizona State Universities, and at 16 he became the second-youngest player to enter the Korn Ferry Tour, according to the PGA Tour.

He continued to gain prominence, playing in the U.S. Open at the age of 19 and clinching a win at the 2017 Barbasol Championship, sinking a five-foot putt for a one-stroke victory.

After losing his PGA Tour card for the 2023 season, and following an angry outburst directed at Jay Monahan, the PGA Tour’s commissioner, he seemed to have found his swing again. He won two Korn Ferry Tour tournaments last year, regaining his PGA Tour eligibility, and finished in the top 10 at two events.

If you are having thoughts of suicide, call or text 988 to reach the 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline or go to SpeakingOfSuicide.com/resources for a list of additional resources.

Because of an editing error, the headline on an earlier version of this article misstated the winning record of Grayson Murray. He won two PGA Tour titles, not tours.

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Emmett Lindner writes about breaking and trending news. He has written about international protests, climate change and social media influencers. More about Emmett Lindner