phd technical paper

Tips for Writing Technical Papers

Jennifer widom , january 2006, running example, paper title, the abstract, the introduction, related work, performance experiments, the conclusions, future work, the acknowledgements, grammar and small-scale presentation issues, versions and distribution.

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During the summer, PhD students engage in research and directed reading programs, and take courses in the university’s other schools and departments.

During this time of individual study and one-on-one contact with faculty, you’ll have the opportunity to accelerate your growth as a research scholar. You’ll be required to submit a research paper at the end of either the first or the second summer. Some fields require papers following both summers.

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How To Write a Technical Paper That Stands Out

The key element in the process is to write a good abstract. a good abstract that flows well will really make it or break it for your ultimate paper selection..

Having a technical paper accepted into an event can be a career booster for many people. In this discussion, technical paper expert Sunil Kokal shares some of the key components of a technical paper, basic methods of writing it, and just why writing one is important.

Kokal is a principal scientist at Saudi Aramco. He has written more than 150 technical and 60 journal papers. He's also authored chapters for the SPE Petroleum Engineering Handbook, and is currently on the JPT Review Board.

When did you write your first technical paper?

Oh, that reminds me going a long time back, in 1983. I still remember that it was an American Institute of Chemical Engineers conference in Vancouver, Canada. And I was in my first year into my master's thesis at the University of Calgary. The topic was two phase flow in pipes. I was scared, and I was anxious. However, people liked my story. And that started my journey into the realm of writing, and specifically writing technical papers.

For many of us, when we first dive into a new experience, there is anxiety and the stress. Would you advise people to just do it to get over that? It sounds like that worked for you.

You know, every time that we move into our non-comfort zone, there's always some degree of anxiety and anxiousness. And you're scared but I think the most important thing that I learned from my experience was just to get into it. Sometimes we think that it is very hard. But once you actually get down to it, actually write down the paper and actually go and present to an audience, you enjoy that experience. So the best thing to do is to understand that you are working out of your comfort zone, and it is good for you.

How does the SPE abstract selection process work? How can one improve the chances for selection of their paper for SPE conferences?

The key thing in the process is to write a good abstract. Because a good abstract that flows well will really make it or break it for your ultimate paper selection. The process differs between publishing organizations; our structure in SPE is that you first submit an abstract, and then there's a committee that selects the best abstracts, and then you're allowed to write the technical paper, and then go and present.

For the papers presented in conferences, you write an abstract and submit by a certain deadline. Now, this deadline is most likely going to be about 8 months before the actual conference is going to be held. The submitted abstracts then go through a committee which reviews and rates those abstracts. Let's say, we get 1000 abstracts. And out of that, let's say 200 are in reservoir engineering domain and let's say we have only 50 slots for reservoir engineering in the conference. From the 200, we have to select 50 papers that will be accepted for presentation. How do we do that?

Let's say there are 10 people in the committee. Each one will read all the 200 abstracts, and then we aggregate and consolidate from the 10 different members’ scores, and the committee will then rank them from the highest points to the lowest point and select the top 50. (Not exactly in that manner but you get an idea.) And then those are the people who will be told that their papers abstracts have been accepted. And they will be given a deadline of about 2-3 months to write the actual paper. This is the deadline for the actual technical paper to be submitted to the SPE. You will write the paper during that timeframe and come and present at the conference. So the most important thing is how do you write that abstract.

The title and the abstract are key elements that can help you in the selection process.

Title. The characteristic of a good title is that it should be short, informative, and with familiar terms. Try not to use any abbreviations and avoid words like “new” and “improved,” because not everything can be new, unless it's absolutely genuinely new, then you are entitled to use those words. Be direct and focus on what the reader's attention on the paper content will be. Also, remember that the words in the title will become searches in the database. When somebody is searching in OnePetro or other databases, if your title has the right kind of words, your paper will show up in those searches.

Some of the problems with titles include

• They are too short or too long
• They are misleading
• They do not reflect what you have in your actual paper
• They use unfamiliar jargon and abbreviations

Your title should be catchy, because that's the first thing that reviewers in that committee are looking for; they're looking for good catchy titles. Once you have done that, the second part is the abstract. What constitutes a good abstract? It should be

• Very clear and concise and provide a summary of the of the paper topic
• Short, generally less than about 400 words (make sure that you follow whatever the guidelines are for that conference)
• Must present your idea, what have you done, and why it is unique

These are important aspects for an abstract. And remember, your abstract has only one chance of making the program committee either reject or approve it. So make it good, because this will determine whether or not you will write the paper.

The success rate for SPE conferences is very competitive in terms of what they accept. This varies from conference to conference, but generally speaking, the acceptance rate is about 25%. It can be as low as 10%. Or it can be as high as 40%. So you can understand that your abstract has one in four chance of making it to the conference or getting accepted.

Can you share some best tips for writing the technical paper itself?

I think that every time you write a paper, there should be a story. And the best kind of abstracts and technical papers are those that describe a case study, for example, or your story, some of the lessons that you have learned, and they also sit well with the committee when they are doing their selection— the story is important. I compare the technical papers sometimes to movies. What are the good elements of movies? A bland, straight, smooth team is not going to entertain you much. We are not exactly in the same league as movies, but you must have some kind of ups and downs and a nice story that you're weaving, leading up to some conclusions that are special for your work and you.

While SPE does its best to make sure that direct commercialization within the papers is avoided, we sometimes see product titles, or product names in titles, and some commercial aspects here and there. Can you address how that happens? What’s your advice — whether or not to include a product name in the title?

Yes, commercialization within a technical paper is known. The technical paper review committee members are advised when they're doing the selection that they should give negative weightage for papers that are outright selling a product. This is not a forum for selling your product, that is somewhere else that is on the exhibition that is in the showroom, and you know, when you go and meet with those clients.

If we see a product or a company being highlighted, we tend to give it lower weight. There is also a common section that asks if the paper is commercial. If too many reviewers check that, the paper is automatically rejected. So, my advice would be, try not to include that. You may have the best product in the world, but this is not the right platform. And yes, sometimes it does pass through because some people are very sophisticated in how they present even their products in a technical paper.

The next question is more about mentality: Why should someone write a technical paper?

The first step is really about motivation: Why do you want to write in the first place? There are a number of reasons, and you increase the body of knowledge for the entire industry. Think about a project that you are working on and your boss tells you “Okay, do some legwork, do some literature review and do some background searching.” So, what do you do? You go to OnePetro or a knowledge database, and you extract all those papers from that database. Now, somebody must have written that paper for you to be able to read it. So, they are giving you a service by sharing what they have done in the past, and then it becomes our obligation also to share. This knowledge sharing is really, in my personal opinion, an obligation for each and every one of us to give back to the industry. And if more of us give back, the more stories we will have, the more knowledge the whole industry will have. And I think it will be wonderful.

Your work also then becomes part of the E&P literature so that others can reference. It gives you professional recognition. And I don't know any company that will give negative marks for writing a paper. In fact, in Saudi Aramco and many other companies, the more you write, the better your PMP, or your performance rating is going to be. It also adds prestige to your résumé. If you're job searching, many companies will look at your past technical paper publication record, and then base their decision. So it's a plus. It's also a recognition for your company. If I write a paper for Saudi Aramco, for example, my company also gets recognized that they're publishing in leading conferences and SPE. And last but not the least, it's gives you personal satisfaction that you're giving back. I look at writing a technical paper a win-win-win—win for you, win for your company, and win for the industry. So do it.

Anything else you’d like to add? Any stories you’d like to share about the technical paper process?

One story that really comes to my mind is the time that I was one of the review members for a conference on CO 2 enhanced oil recovery. This was a conference in Paris some time back. What happened was, when we were evaluating, we started seeing many abstracts being submitted that were not related to the theme. We were wondering why these papers that have nothing to do with CO 2 are being submitted. And then later on, when we discussed about it, we realized that people were submitting because of the location of the conference. And I think that's a very bad idea, because you should really focus your abstract on the theme of the conference. Otherwise, there's very little chance of that paper being accepted. That's one of the lessons that I learned and I highly encourage that you focus on the theme.

Any tips to avoid plagiarism? SPE passes all the abstracts and the papers through a software related to a plagiarism. You know, sometimes we feel that copying and pasting into our paper is the right thing to do, because the “other guy said it so eloquently and that's exactly what I want to say.” But that is not a good idea because you will be caught just as students are caught by university professors. SPE is now filtering all your abstracts and your papers through the software and you will get an email from SPE that this is 80% plagiarized, or 50% or 20%, and you will have to take appropriate actions to correct it. My advice would be try to write in your own words, and I know that you will be able to do it.

[This interview is an excerpt of the SPE Live held in September 2021. The full video can be accessed here .]

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10 Technical Skills for PhD Progress

Mastering the essential technical skills for a successful phd.

Embarking on a PhD journey is a challenging yet rewarding experience that demands a diverse skill set. In the ever-evolving landscape of academia, mastering certain technical skills for PhD can significantly boost your efficiency and propel your research forward. Here are ten essential technical skills to expedite your progress and enhance the quality of your doctoral work.

1. Programming Proficiency

A solid foundation in programming languages like Python, R, or MATLAB can streamline data analysis, simulation, and modeling tasks. Automating repetitive processes allows you to focus on the intellectual aspects of your research.

2. Advanced Data Analysis

Acquiring expertise in statistical methods and data visualization tools can provide valuable insights into your research findings. Skills in tools like Pandas, NumPy, or R’s tidyverse can be powerful allies in managing and interpreting complex datasets.

3. Version Control with Git

Efficient collaboration and tracking of changes are crucial in a research environment. Git enables you to manage versions of your code and documents, facilitating seamless collaboration with colleagues and ensuring the integrity of your work.

4. High-Performance Computing (HPC)

Large-scale simulations and data processing often require substantial computing power. Familiarize yourself with HPC systems and parallel computing techniques to accelerate your computational tasks.

5. Machine Learning Basics

Integrating machine learning into your research toolkit can open new avenues for analysis and prediction. Understanding the fundamentals and experimenting with machine learning libraries like TensorFlow or scikit-learn can be beneficial.

6. Effective Literature Review Techniques

Efficiently navigating and extracting information from a vast sea of literature is a crucial skill. Mastering tools like Zotero or Mendeley for reference management and employing systematic review methodologies can save valuable time.

7. Scientific Writing and LaTeX

Clear and concise communication is paramount in academia. Learn the art of scientific writing and explore LaTeX for document preparation . These skills not only enhance the presentation of your work but also contribute to efficient manuscript preparation.

8. Database Management:

Handling large datasets often involves interacting with databases. Knowledge of database systems, such as SQL, can assist in efficiently storing, retrieving, and manipulating data for your research.

9. Effective Communication Skills

Beyond technical expertise, the ability to communicate your research findings is crucial. Hone your presentation and public speaking skills to effectively convey the significance of your work to both expert and non-expert audiences.

10. Time and Project Management

Balancing multiple tasks and deadlines is inherent in a Ph.D. journey. Utilize project management tools like Trello or Asana to organize your research tasks and optimize your time effectively.

In the dynamic world of academia, cultivating a diverse set of technical skills is essential for accelerating your Ph.D. progress. Embrace the opportunities to learn and adapt, and these skills will not only expedite your research but also equip you with valuable tools for a successful career in your field.

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How to Write a Research Paper in a Month?

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iLovePhD is a research education website to know updated research-related information. It helps researchers to find top journals for publishing research articles and get an easy manual for research tools. The main aim of this website is to help Ph.D. scholars who are working in various domains to get more valuable ideas to carry out their research. Learn the current groundbreaking research activities around the world, love the process of getting a Ph.D.

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You are here, two phd students win awards in 2024 asce-ewri congress paper contest.

PhD students in the InterCONnected Critical Infrastructure Systems Engineering ( CONCISE ) Laboratory, led by CEE Assistant Professor  Farrah Moazeni , won two out of the three awards presented in the Graduate Student Technical Paper Competition at the 2024 ASCE-EWRI World Environmental & Water Resources Congress, held May 19-22, in Milwaukee.

Nazia Raza was recognized with the award for the second-best  paper  for "A Holistic Cybersecurity Framework against False Data Injection Attacks in Smart Water Distribution Systems Employing Auto-Encoders."

Saskia A. Putri was honored with the award for the third-best  paper  for "Data Driven System Identification of Water Distribution Systems via Kernel-Based Interpolation."

Each award winner received a $500 check and had their conference registration fees refunded.

"All of our students presented exceptionally well," says Moazeni, "and Nazia and Saskia should be proud to have won these highly competitive awards." 

Members of the CONCISE Lab at the 2024 World Environmental & Water Resources Congress, from left: PhD students Nazia Raza, Saskia Putri, and Oluwabunmi Iwakin.

Faegheh (Farrah) Moazeni, assistant professor, civil and environmental engineering

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Some results uranium dioxide powder structure investigation

• Processes of Obtaining and Properties of Powders
• Published: 28 June 2009
• Volume 50 , pages 281–285, ( 2009 )

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• E. I. Andreev 1 ,
• K. V. Glavin 2 ,
• A. V. Ivanov 3 ,
• V. V. Malovik 3 ,
• V. V. Martynov 3 &
• V. S. Panov 2  

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Features of the macrostructure and microstructure of uranium dioxide powders are considered. Assumptions are made on the mechanisms of the behavior of powders of various natures during pelletizing. Experimental data that reflect the effect of these powders on the quality of fuel pellets, which is evaluated by modern procedures, are presented. To investigate the structure of the powders, modern methods of electron microscopy, helium pycnometry, etc., are used. The presented results indicate the disadvantages of wet methods for obtaining the starting UO 2 powders by the ammonium diuranate (ADU) flow sheet because strong agglomerates and conglomerates, which complicate the process of pelletizing, are formed. The main directions of investigation that can lead to understanding the regularities of formation of the structure of starting UO 2 powders, which will allow one to control the process of their fabrication and stabilize the properties of powders and pellets, are emphasized.

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Investigation of the Properties of Uranium-Molybdenum Pellet Fuel for VVER

Investigation of the Influence of the Energy of Thermal Plasma on the Morphology and Phase Composition of Aluminosilicate Microspheres

Evaluation of the possibility of fabricating uranium-molybdenum fuel for vver by powder metallurgy methods.

Patlazhan, S.A., Poristost’ i mikrostruktura sluchainykh upakovok tverdykh sharov raznykh razmerov (Porosity and Microstructure of Chaotic Packings of Solid Spheres of Different Sizes), Chernogolovka: IKhF RAN, 1993.

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Andreev, E.I., Bocharov, A.S., Ivanov, A.V., et al., Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Tsvetn. Metall. , 2003, no. 1, p. 48.

Assmann, H., Dörr, W., and Peehs, M., “Control of HO 2 Microstructure by Oxidative Sintering,” J. Nucl. Mater. , 1986, vol. 140,issue 1, pp. 1–6.

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Elektrostal’ Polytechnical Institute (Branch), Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys, ul. Pervomaiskaya 7, Elektrostal’, Moscow oblast, 144000, Russia

E. I. Andreev

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Original Russian Text © E.I. Andreev, K.V. Glavin, A.V. Ivanov, V.V. Malovik, V.V. Martynov, V.S. Panov, 2009, published in Izvestiya VUZ. Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya i Funktsional’nye Pokrytiya, 2008, No. 4, pp. 19–24.

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Andreev, E.I., Glavin, K.V., Ivanov, A.V. et al. Some results uranium dioxide powder structure investigation. Russ. J. Non-ferrous Metals 50 , 281–285 (2009). https://doi.org/10.3103/S1067821209030183

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Published : 28 June 2009

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DOI : https://doi.org/10.3103/S1067821209030183

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NIST's Industrial Wireless Systems Team Publishes Paper on Analytical Evaluation for Software-based TSN in Industrial Wi-Fi Networks

NIST's Industrial Wireless Systems team’s paper, titled “An Analytical Evaluation for Software-based TSN in Industrial Wi-Fi Networks,” was accepted to the 7 th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems (ICPS 2024). The conference is sponsored by the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IES). The conference will be held in May 2024 at St. Louis, MO, where the paper will be presented by Mohamed Kashef (Hany).

Time-sensitive networking (TSN) is an emerging topic for advancing wireless networking for industrial applications. Wireless TSN (WTSN) is the wireless counterpart of the wired TSN, which faces the challenges associated with wireless networking, such as reliability, stability, and interference-related effects. One aspect of WTSN is the traffic scheduling of the time-critical (TC) traffic streams to coexist with the best-effort (BE) traffic over the same Wi-Fi network. Traffic scheduling can be achieved by implementing the IEEE 802.1Qbv protocol that defines priority queues for traffic forwarding, based on their quality of service (QoS) requirements.

One direct software-based implementation of IEEE 802.1Qbv was achieved by using the Qdisc token bucket algorithm with a gated input at Linux-based devices equipped with Wi-Fi interfaces. This implementation enables the mapping of traffic streams to queues at the network stack (using the Linux Qdisc features) and controls the queues based on the requirements of the traffic streams as shown in the above diagram. In the paper, the authors introduce a numerical analysis of this software-based WTSN implementation to provide a tool to measure the ability of utilizing already deployed legacy Wi-Fi chipsets to achieve WTSN latency requirements in a practical way. 

The analysis presented in the paper demonstrates the impact of the Token Bucket algorithm parameters on latency performance. Two main challenges are studied. First, the utilization of the wireless channel, due to applying a schedule, is affected by resource reservation. Second, the protected window of the schedule for the TC stream may have overflow from the BE traffic window because the TSN schedule is implemented before the Wi-Fi chipsets. Overall, this work identifies the advantages and limitations of the current software-based WTSN implementations and provides a tool for application-based tuning of the Qdisc parameters to achieve a desired level of performance.

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