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Ultimate Guide to Becoming a Medical Writer

Medical writing is an esteemed profession. Every day, medical writers are detailing, documenting, and sharing news and research that is improving health outcomes and saving lives. Their roles and opportunities are always evolving, whether they’re crafting peer-reviewed articles reporting on clinical trials, marketing cutting-edge devices, educating health care professionals or even the general public about new treatments, or writing grant proposals to fund innovative research.

This guide provides information and resources on what medical writers do, the companies they work for, and what you need to know to embark on this growing, rewarding—and lucrative—career.

What Is Medical Writing?

Medical writing involves the development and production of print or digital documents that deal specifically with medicine or health care. The profession of medical writing calls for knowledge in both writing and science, combining a writer’s creative talent with the rigor and detail of research and the scientific process. 

With the constant advancement and innovation in medicine and health care, the need to communicate about research findings, products, devices, and services is growing. Medical writers are increasingly in demand to convey new information to health care professionals as well as the general public.

Depending on their position and the scope of their duties, medical writers are involved in communicating scientific and clinical data to many audiences, from doctors and nurses to insurance adjusters and patients. They work in a variety of formats, including traditional print publications to electronic publications, multimedia presentations, videos, podcasts, website content, and social media sites.

Medical writers often work with doctors, scientists, and other subject matter experts (SMEs) to create documents that describe research results, product use, and other medical information. They also ensure that documents comply with regulatory, publication, or other guidelines in terms of content, format, and structure. 

Medical writers are also key players in developing applications for mobile devices that are used in multiple ways, such as

• Disease management
• Continuing education and training
• Medical reference and information-gathering
• Practice management and monitoring

Medical communicators may be writers, editors , health care journalists, supervisors, project managers, media relations specialists, educators, and more. At their core, they are exceptionally skilled at gathering, organizing, interpreting, evaluating, and presenting often complex information to health care professionals, a public audience, or industry professionals such as hospital purchasers, manufacturers and users of medical devices, pharmaceutical sales representatives, members of the insurance industry, and public policy officials. For each of these audiences, the language, documents, and deliverables are distinct.  For beginning to mid-level medical communicators who want to enhance and fine-tune their medical editing skills, AMWA provides a Certificate in Medical Editing .  

What Are Examples of Medical Communication Jobs?

Medical communication positions in writing and editing vary greatly across industries, companies, organizations, and other entities. 

In addition to the title of medical writer, medical communicators may be known as scientific writers, technical writers, regulatory writers , promotional writers, health care marketers, health care journalists, or communication specialists. Both medical writers and medical editors may work for pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, medical communication agencies, medical education companies, health care professionals associations, academic institutions, medical and health care book publishers, trade publications, and more. 

What Do Medical Writers Write?

The expertise and contributions of medical writers and editors can be found throughout the medical community. Examples of their work include

• Abstracts for medical journals and medical conferences
• Advertisements for pharmaceuticals, devices, and other products
• Advisory board summaries
• Continuing medical education materials
• Decision aids for patients
• Grant proposals
• Health care policy documents
• Health education materials
• Magazine and newspaper articles
• Medical and health care books
• Medical and scientific journal articles
• Marketing materials
• Poster presentations for medical conferences
• Regulatory documents, including FDA submissions
• Sales training
• Slide presentations for medical conferences
• White papers

Who Hires Medical Writers?

Right now, there is tremendous growth in the medical industry. Pharmaceutical companies are developing drugs more quickly, and new medical devices and diagnostic tools are being released every day. With this comes the increased need to meet regulatory and insurance requirements and to relay medical and consumer information. All of this results in greater opportunities for medical writers and communicators. 

Medical writers can find positions with a variety of employers, reaching a multitude of audiences with different communication needs and styles. These may include

• Associations and professional health care societies
• Authors or investigators
• Biotechnology companies
• Clinical or contract research organizations   (CROs)
• Communications, marketing, or advertising agencies
• Government agencies
• Health care organizations or providers
• Medical book publishers
• Medical device companies
• Medical education companies
• Medical schools or universities
• News outlets   for health/medical news
• Peer-reviewed medical journals
• Pharmaceutical companies
• Trade journals   for health care professionals

AMWA members can access a current list of available openings on   AMWA Jobs Online . (Not a member?   Join here. )

How Much Do Medical Writers Make?

Medical writer salaries vary from city to city and region to region. Compensation also depends on the writer’s experience, the type of employer, and the type of work.

Sites such as Salary.com , PayScale.com , and Glassdoor.com indicate that a salary range for a junior-level or beginning medical writer is $52,000 to $80,000 annually and a salary range for a junior-level or beginning medical editor as $57,000 to $75,000 annually.

The AMWA Medical Communication Compensation Report provides an in-depth analysis of medical communication salary data by experience level, degree, industry categories, and much more.

Join our professional community of skilled medical communicators.

What Does It Take to Be a Medical Writer?

While medical writers come from all educational and professional backgrounds, they do share some traits.  Medical writers have an interest and flair for both science and writing. They also have a clear understanding of medical concepts and ideas and are able to present data and its interpretation in a way the target audience will understand.

Although it’s not required, many medical communicators hold an advanced degree. Some have a medical or science degree (eg, PhD, PharmD, MD) or experience in academic settings or as bench scientists, pharmacists, physicians, or other health care professionals. Others have an MFA or a PhD in communications or English.

Certificates and certifications are additional credentials that demonstrate your knowledge and proficiency in the medical communication field. Many are described in this guide.

How Do I Become a Medical Writer?

Medical communication can be a flexible, rewarding, and well-paying career in a growing field of both full-time and freelance opportunities. To get started, follow these steps. 

1. Determine a focus

Based on the wide range of companies and organizations that employ medical communicators, the field is generally divided into different writing settings and specializations, each requiring specific technical writing skills or knowledge of medical terminology and practices. In this step, it’s important to focus on an area you’re most interested in and that best matches your skill set.

• Continuing education for healthcare professionals
• Health communication
• Marketing/Advertising/PR
• Patient education
• Publications for professional audiences (non-peer reviewed)
• Regulatory writing
• Sales training (biotech or pharma industry)
• Scientific publications (peer-reviewed journals)

2. Assess your knowledge and skills

Medical communicators come to the field from a variety of different disciplines. Those with a medical or science background commonly need refreshers in writing and editing mechanics, whereas medical terminology and statistics are typically more difficult for those with a writing or communications background. No matter what your training has been, you should take an inventory of your essential skills .

Basic Grammar and Usage

• Parts of speech and grammatical principles form the foundation of writing in every discipline. Can you identify a dangling modifier or notice the lack of a pronoun referent?

Sentence Structure

• Even if you know grammar, you may need a refresher on achieving emphasis and organizing your sentences for clarity. Do you know the difference between an independent and a dependent clause? Do you understand parallel structure?

Punctuation

• A single misplaced comma can create a very different meaning, which can have serious implications in medical writing. Are all your commas in the right places? What about your semicolons?

Medical Terminology

• It’s not enough to know medical terms. You gain more insight into medical vocabulary by learning about the prefixes, combining forms, and suffixes that make up all your favorite medical words. Do you know the rules for eponyms? Do you know the difference between an acronym and an initialism?

Professional Ethics

• Every profession has a code of ethics, and medical communication is no different. Make sure you know the steps to ethical decision-making and the ethical principles to uphold.
• If you’re working with medical research, it’s essential to have a basic understanding of statistics. Can you describe the difference between mean, median, and mode? Can you define a hazard ratio?

Tables and Graphs

• Tables and graphs are essential tools for communicating complex information. Do you know what kind of graph to use for continuous data? Are your table column headings doing their job?

If you need to fill gaps in your knowledge, AMWA offers a variety of educational activities , including the AMWA Essential Skills Certificate Program , which addresses all of these topics.

3. Explore resources

As you explore the medical writing profession, the next step is to become aware of the resources available to you. AMWA offers many opportunities to support new medical communicators and a wealth of professional development resources to help throughout an evolving career. The following are some examples.

• AMWA Online Learning activity: A Career in Medical Communication: Steps to Success
• AMWA Career Services : Jobs Online ,  Freelance Directory
• Live   webinars
• AMWA Essential Skills Certificate Program
• Comprehensive Guide to Medical Editing
• Medical Editing Checklist
• How to Identify Predatory Publishers eBook

Other resources include a number of recommended books on medical writing , listed in the "Medical Writer Resources" section below.

Although there are plenty of opportunities in medical communication, it is important to recognize that it can be a difficult field to break into.   Networking   is a crucial part of gaining success as a medical writer.

Throughout your career, but especially at the start, it’s important to connect with other medical communicators in your local area as well as   across the country .

Networking   is an excellent way to connect with other medical communicators. Not only does it provide informal learning opportunities, but some experts say that 70% to 80% of people found their current position through networking.   Others say it’s closer to 85%. Whether you are using LinkedIn ,   Facebook ,   Twitter , community boards, or conference attendance , it is important to seek out ways to stay connected.

Take the leap!

New and experienced medical writers are finding ways to advance in a solid career and contribute to positive health outcomes through the power of communication. With a greater understanding of the role of the medical communicator and the available opportunities, people with a passion for writing and science can excel in this interesting and ever-changing field.

Medical Writer Resources

Books about medical writing.

• The Accidental Medical Writer . Brian G. Bass and Cynthia L. Kryder. Booklocker.com, Inc, 2008.
• Essentials of Writing Biomedical Research Papers . 2nd ed. Mimi Zeiger. McGraw-Hill, 2000.
• Health Literacy from A to Z: Practical Ways to Communicate Your Health Message . Helen Osborne. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2005.
• How to Write and Publish a Scientific Paper, 8th ed .   Barbara Gastel and Robert A. Day. Greenwood, 2016.
• Targeted Regulatory Writing Techniques: Clinical Documents for Drugs and Biologics . Linda Fossati Wood and MaryAnn Foote, eds. Birkhauser, 2009.

Style Guides

• AMA Manual of Style
• Associated Press Stylebook 
• Chicago Manual of Style
• American Psychological Association Style
• Scientific Style and Format: The CSE Manual for Authors, Editors, and Publishers

Publication Ethics

• Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors   (Committee on Publication Ethics)
• White Paper on Publication Ethics  (Council of Science Editors)
• Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals   (International Committee of Medical Journal Editors)
• Good Publication Practice Guidelines - GPP3   (International Society for Medical Publication Professionals)

Professional Associations & Societies

• American Medical Writers Association
• Association of Health Care Journalists
• Board of Editors in the Life Sciences
• Council of Science Editors
• Drug Information Association
• Editorial Freelancers Association
• International Society for Medical Publication Professionals
• National Association of Science Writers
• Regulatory Affairs Professionals Society
• Society for Health Communication
• Society for Technical Communication

Medical Communication Programs – Universities, Colleges, Associations

This list is not comprehensive and was last updated on 11/23/2022.

Graduate Programs in Medical/Health Communication/Writing/Journalism

• Master of Science in Health Communication (Online)
• Master of Science: Science & Medical Journalism
• Carnegie Mellon University  - Master of Arts: Professional Writing
• Johns Hopkins University  - Master of Arts: Science-Medical Writing
• New York University  - Master of Arts / Master of Science: Health and Environmental Reporting
• Texas A&M University  - Master of Science: Science and Technology Journalism
• Towson University  - Master of Science: Professional Writing
• University of Houston-Downtown  - Master of Science: Technical Communication
• University of Illinois  - Master of Science: Health Communication
• University of Minnesota  - Professional Master of Arts: Health Communication
• University of North Carolina  - Master of Arts: Medical Science & Journalism

Undergraduate Programs in Medical/Health Communication/Writing/Journalism

• Juniata College  - Degree in Health Communication
• Missouri State University  - Bachelor of Arts / Bachelor of Science: Science/Professional Writing
• University of Minnesota   - Bachelor of Arts: Technical Writing and Communication 

Tracks or Minors in Medical Communication

• Ferris State University  - Bachelor of Science: Journalism and Technical Communication
• University of Tennessee at Knoxville  - Science Communication Program  

Degree Programs in Regulatory Affairs

• George Washington University -  Dual Degree: BSHS/MSHS in Clinical Operations & Healthcare Management
• University of Washington School of Pharmacy -  Master of Science in Biomedical Regulatory Affair s  

University Certificate Programs

• Harvard Medical School - Effective Writing for Health Care
• UC San Diego Extension - Medical Writing Certificate
• University of Chicago Graham School of General Studies -  Medical Writing and Editing Certificate

AMWA acknowledges the contributions of Lori Alexander, MPTW, ELS, MWC, Lori De Milto, MJ, and Cyndy Kryder, MS, MWC in the development of this AMWA resource. 

WANT A PORTABLE VERSION OF THIS ARTICLE?  DOWNLOAD IT HERE.

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Medical Writer salary

Average medical writer salary, how much does a medical writer make.

The average medical writer salary in the United States is $93,842. Medical writer salaries typically range between $63,000 and $137,000 yearly. The average hourly rate for medical writers is $45.12 per hour. Medical writer salary is impacted by location, education, and experience. Medical writers earn the highest average salary in Virginia.

Where can a Medical Writer earn more?

• Medical Writer

The average entry-level salary for a medical writer is $63,664. A mid-career medical writer earns $93,842 a year on average. A senior level medical writer with 7-12 years of experience enjoys an average annual salary of $139,281. According to Vicky Johnson Bós, Associate Professor of English at Tusculum University, "Having practical experience in that field through a summer job, internship, or access to expertise is very helpful to increase earning potential, as well as getting a Master's Degree or even a PhD, which can affect salary potential. However, you may have to take a 'starting' job at less of a good salary to get practical experience to make the leap to a better paying job."

Medical Writer salary estimates from across the web

Average medical writer salary by state.

The highest-paying states for medical writers are Virginia, Arizona, and California. The lowest average medical writer salary states are Oklahoma, Nebraska, and Iowa.

• County View

Highest paying states for medical writers

Highest paying cities for medical writers.

The highest-paying cities for medical writers are Washington, DC, Richmond, VA, and San Francisco, CA.

Medical Writers are the most in-demand in these five cities:

• Washington, DC
• Richmond, VA
• San Francisco, CA
• Phoenix, AZ

Medical Writer salary details

A medical writer's salary ranges from $63,000 a year at the 10th percentile to $137,000 at the 90th percentile.

What is a medical writer's salary?

Highest paying medical writer jobs.

The highest paying types of medical writers are medical science liaison, senior editor, and managing editor.

Top companies hiring medical writers now:

• Eli Lilly and Company Jobs (8)
• Bristol-Myers Squibb Jobs (10)
• Merck Jobs (9)
• Edwards Lifesciences Jobs (35)
• Abbott Jobs (9)

Which companies pay medical writers the most?

Medical writer salaries at Biogen and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center are the highest-paying according to our most recent salary estimates. In addition, the average medical writer salary at companies like Analysis Group and Vertex Pharmaceuticals are highly competitive.

Wage gap by gender, race and education

Medical writer salary trends.

The average medical writer salary has risen by $12,621 over the last ten years. In 2014, the average medical writer earned $81,221 annually, but today, they earn $93,842 a year. That works out to a 7% change in pay for medical writers over the last decade.

Compare medical writer salaries for cities or states with the national average over time.

Average medical writer salary over time

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Medical Writer II Salary in the United States

Medical writer ii salary.

How much does a Medical Writer II make in the United States? The average Medical Writer II salary in the United States is $75,498 as of April 24, 2024, but the range typically falls between $66,295 and $84,401 . Salary ranges can vary widely depending on many important factors, including education , certifications, additional skills, the number of years you have spent in your profession. With more online, real-time compensation data than any other website, Salary.com helps you determine your exact pay target. 

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Medical Assistant II

CaroMont Health - Gastonia, NC

LPN II ECB Medical Surgical 3

Saint Francis Health System - Muskogee, OK

Medical Tech II /MLT - Primary BB *SIGN ON BONUS* (FT) Nights

Ballad Health - Johnson City, TN

Medical Technologist II / MLT *SIGN ON BONUS* (FT) Nights

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What skills does a Medical Writer II need?

Each competency has five to ten behavioral assertions that can be observed, each with a corresponding performance level (from one to five) that is required for a particular job.

Attention to Detail: Executing and completing a task with a high level of accuracy.

Microsoft Office: Microsoft Office is a suite of desktop productivity applications that is designed by Microsoft for business use. You can create documents containing text and images, work with data in spreadsheets and databases, create presentations and posters.

Word Processing: word processing, operation in which a text-editing software program called a word processor is used to create a document on a computer. A word-processing system can produce a wide variety of documents, including letters, memoranda, and manuals, rapidly and at relatively low cost.

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Job Description for Medical Writer II

Medical Writer II researches, composes and edits clinical/statistical reports and study protocols. Summarizes data from clinical studies for submission to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Being a Medical Writer II conducts comprehensive literature searches, documents clinical study results and product use, and ensures that all deliverables are in accordance with regulations, standards, and guidelines. May require a bachelor's/master's degree. Additionally, Medical Writer II typically reports to a supervisor or manager. To be a Medical Writer II typically requires 2 to 4 years of related experience. Gains exposure to some of the complex tasks within the job function. Occasionally directed in several aspects of the work. (Copyright 2024 Salary.com)... View full job description

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Salary.com job board provides millions of Medical Writer II information for you to search for. Click on search button below to see Medical Writer II job openings or enter a new job title here.

• LPN II ECB Medical Surgical 3 Saint Francis Health System - Muskogee, OK This position is ECB status – requires a minimum number of worked hours per month as needed by the department. limited benefit offerings. 36 hours per sche... - 4 Months Ago
• Medical Tech II /MLT - Primary BB *SIGN ON BONUS* (FT) Nights Ballad Health - Johnson City, TN Job Title. Medical Tech II /MLT - Primary BB \*SIGN ON BONUS\* (FT) Nights - Johnson City, TN. Job Code. MSHA000BCS. Location. JOHNSON CITY MEDICAL CENTER,... - 6 Months Ago
• Medical Technologist II / MLT *SIGN ON BONUS* (FT) Nights Ballad Health - Johnson City, TN Job Title. Medical Technologist II / MLT \*SIGN ON BONUS\* (FT) Nights - Johnson City, TN. Job Code. MSHA000BCS. Location. JOHNSON CITY MEDICAL CENTER, Joh... - 5 Months Ago
• Medical Technologist II / MLT *SIGN ON BONUS* (FT) Evenings Ballad Health - Kingsport, TN Featured. Medical Technologist II / MLT \*SIGN ON BONUS\* (FT) Evenings - Kingsport, TN. Job ID: 004EIU. INDIAN PATH COMMUNITY HOSPITAL. Laboratory - Clini... - 2 Months Ago

Career Path for Medical Writer II

A career path is a sequence of jobs that leads to your short- and long-term career goals. Some follow a linear career path within one field, while others change fields periodically to achieve career or personal goals.

For Medical Writer II, the first career path typically progresses to Medical Writer III.

What does a Medical Writer II do?

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Medical Writer II Pay Difference by Location

Medical Writer II salary varies from city to city. Compared with national average salary of Medical Writer II, the highest Medical Writer II salary is in San Francisco, CA, where the Medical Writer II salary is 25.0% above. The lowest Medical Writer II salary is in Miami, FL, where the Medical Writer II salary is 3.5% lower than national average salary.

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Level of education for medical writer ii.

Jobs with different levels of education may pay very differently. Check the Medical Writer II salary of your education level.

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Medical Writer II Salary by State

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Skills associated with Medical Writer II: Document Creation Software , Technical Writing , Clinical Study Reports , Medical Terminology ... More

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UTM or Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system divides the Earth’s surface into 60 longitudinal zones. The coordinates of a location within each zone are defined as a planar coordinate pair related to the intersection of the equator and the zone’s central meridian, and measured in meters.

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Elektrostal , Moscow Oblast, Russia