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Facebook, Inc.: The Initial Public Offering – Case Solution

In mid-May 2012, the pricing of Facebook Inc.'s initial public offering (IPO) was undertaken. A CXTechnology Fund analyst looked forward to speaking with the lead underwriter about his interest after a review of Facebook Inc's phenomenal growth as well as its potential for profit as a business and in the competitive environment of social networking. The analyst had to come up with the decision whether to subscribe to shares in the IPO or not, considering that the IPO appeared to be oversubscribed with heavy interest, and the valuation seemed to be much more.

​Deborah Compeau; Craig Dunbar; Michael R King; Ken Mark Harvard Business Review ( W12453-PDF-ENG ) January 25, 2013

Case questions answered:

Case study questions answered in the first solution:

• Why is Facebook going public? How much money would the company raise from the IPO? What is the planned use of proceeds from the offering?
• Exhibit 11 provides an estimate for Facebook’s share value using DCF. How sensitive is the valuation to assumptions on revenue growth, margin, and the WACC? Do you agree with these assumptions? If not, how would the valuation change based on your modification?
• Provide an estimate for Facebook’s share value using market multiples. Explain your choice of comparable firms and multiples.
• As a potential shareholder, do you have any concerns about Facebook or its stock offering?
• The Ultimate Question: Do you recommend CXT to invest in Facebook’s initial public offering given the current price talk ($34 – $38)?

Case study questions answered in the second solution:

• How does Facebook Inc. make money? What are the value drivers of its business? What is its comparative advantage relative to other social networking companies?
• Why is Facebook going public? What is the planned use of proceeds from the offering?
• What was going on in the U.S. IPO markets prior to Facebook’s offering? What has been the performance of recent IPOs?
• What is the intrinsic value of a Facebook share? How does the valuation compare to the price talk from the underwriter?
• As a potential shareholder, what are your concerns about Facebook or its stock offering?
• What is your recommendation for the CXT Technology Fund?

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Facebook, Inc.: The Initial Public Offering Case Answers

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Executive Summary – Facebook, Inc.

Facebook Inc. is a social media application that Mark Zuckerberg founded in February 2004. The app was designed to use modern science and technology that allowed users to connect with people around the world.

Facebook’s users had increased drastically from 500 million in 2010 to 900 million in 2012. Based on the rising popularity and publicity of Facebook, it was merely a question of time before the company went public.

As Facebook planned to go public, the initial stock price range was between the $20s to mid-$30s per share; however, the price talk had raised its IPO price to $34 to $38 per share.

The chief analyst of CXTechnology Fund, McNeil, judged the riskiness of overpaying  Facebook’s IPO price. Yet, he did not want to miss this substantial opportunity, which could make CXTechnology profitable as well.

For this reason, McNeil would like to recommend that CXTechnology should invest in Facebook’s IPO and a proper price range of the stock.

Problem Overview

There are two main reasons why Facebook Inc. had to go public.

First of all, “the principal purposes of the IPO were to create a public market for the existing shareholders and to enable future access to the public equity markets” (case p.2). To be more specific, by going public, Facebook can raise funds from a broader pool of investors.

Using these funds, Facebook can develop additional capital or products that can make the company more competitive. By going public, Facebook can attract more investors to join the company to increase its funds and expand its market share.

In addition, mobile users have been an important contributor to Facebook’s growth, reaching 483 million daily active users worldwide in 2011.

Before the IPO, Facebook was unable to show ads to mobile users. Facebook needed to find a solution before it threatened to cannibalize the company’s advertising revenue.

Another reason IPO is attractive to Facebook is that the fees for underwriting listings were just 1.1 percent because of the growing prestige of the offering, compared with the typical 3 to 7 percent of the amount raised for equity IPO.

The underwriters also gave Facebook Inc. an overallotment option (“greenshoe”) to sell an additional 15% of the offering, up to 484 million shares (case p.7).

Another essential reason is that there were too many shareholders, which passed 500 million by 2010.

An antiquated Securities and Exchange Commission rule from 1964 says that “any private company with more than 500 ‘shareholders of record’ must adhere to the same financial disclosure requirements that public companies do, which means submitting detailed quarterly and annual financial reports, and dealing with all the scrutiny that powerful companies face when they open their books” (Paul Sloan).

Facebook would raise $6.1-6.8 billion from the IPO. According to the case, Facebook was willing to sell $421,233,612 shares and sold its shares at $34-38. The number of shares was made up of issuing 180,000,000 shares and 241,233,615 shares sold by existing stockholders.

Therefore, the total money raised from the IPO equaled the total number of shares multiplied by the price per share, whose result was also the same as $6.1-6.8 billion in the case.

According to the case, the planned use proceeds will be used for working capital and other general corporate purposes.

We estimated the other general corporate purposes would be operating expenses (which included the costs of broadening the number of users, research and development costs), acquisition costs, and investment costs (such as bonds and money market funds). Other potential costs may be the cost in which Facebook Inc. figures out a solution that allows ads to be displayed on mobile devices.

Original Sensitivity Analysis

Based on the DCF Valuation from the case, we did a sensitivity analysis on the assumptions of growth rate, terminal growth rate, terminal EBIT Margin, WACC, and terminal WACC.

We chose a 1% increase and decrease based on the case assumptions, then calculated the price change with each one percent change in those assumption values.

Table 1 shows the price change when each variable increases or decreases by 1%. Facebook’s estimated value/share was $35.47 based on Professor Aswath Damodaran’s assumptions.

Table 1: Sensitivity Analysis Based on Case Assumptions

To compare which variable has the highest sensitivity to Facebook Inc.’s stock price, we made a graph for the stock price change based on a…

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Facebook, Inc.: The Initial Public Offering Harvard Case Solution & Analysis

Home >> Finance Case Studies Analysis >> Facebook, Inc.: The Initial Public Offering

In the May 16 th 2012, the mostly anticipated pricing of the Facebook Inc.’s IPO was in process . CXTechnology Fund’s analyst was getting ready to converse to the lead underwriter related to his final interest in the deal.

The analyst had re-evaluated the competitive landscape, its lucrative business model and also Facebook's exceptional growth for social networking segment of the industry. The IPO appeared oversubscribed with heavy interest from retail and institutional investors equally, but the valuation looked pricey by the technology benchmark. The analyst required to make a pronouncement on whether to purchase shares in the IPO or not. A worksheet for pupils is accessible, product 7B12N031.

PUBLICATION DATE: January 25, 2013 PRODUCT #: W12453-HCB-ENG

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Facebook, Inc.: The Initial Public Offering

By: Deborah Compeau, Craig Dunbar, Michael R King, Ken Mark

It was May 16, 2012, and the highly anticipated pricing of Facebook Inc.'s initial public offering (IPO) was underway. An analyst at CXTechnology Fund was preparing to speak to the lead underwriter…

• Length: 20 page(s)
• Publication Date: Jan 25, 2013
• Discipline: Finance
• Product #: W12453-PDF-ENG

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It was May 16, 2012, and the highly anticipated pricing of Facebook Inc.'s initial public offering (IPO) was underway. An analyst at CXTechnology Fund was preparing to speak to the lead underwriter about his final interest in the deal. The analyst had reviewed Facebook's phenomenal growth, its profitable business model and the competitive landscape for the social networking industry. The IPO appeared to be oversubscribed with heavy interest from institutional and retail investors alike, but the valuation seemed expensive, even by technology standards. The analyst needed to make a decision on whether to buy shares in the IPO or not. A spreadsheet for students is available, product 7B12N031.

Learning Objectives

The case introduces both MBA and undergraduate students to advanced issues in corporate finance. Students are faced with a fast-growing, high-profile company from a new industry where the potential earnings outlook is uncertain. Students learn about the dynamics of the IPO market, the incentives of different parties (company, insiders, underwriters, new shareholders) and their potential conflicting interests. It is hard to establish a valuation for Facebook's shares despite having a third-party fundamental valuation and market multiples from both precedent transactions and comparable companies. Through the discussion, students learn that equity valuation is both an art and a science. They also review the steps involved in a U.S. IPO.

Jan 25, 2013 (Revised: Mar 13, 2014)

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Facebook, inc.: the initial public offering change management analysis & solution, hbr change management solutions, finance & accounting case study | deborah compeau, craig dunbar, michael r king, ken mark, case study description.

It was May 16, 2012, and the highly anticipated pricing of Facebook Inc.'s initial public offering (IPO) was underway. An analyst at CXTechnology Fund was preparing to speak to the lead underwriter about his final interest in the deal. The analyst had reviewed Facebook's phenomenal growth, its profitable business model and the competitive landscape for the social networking industry. The IPO appeared to be oversubscribed with heavy interest from institutional and retail investors alike, but the valuation seemed expensive, even by technology standards. The analyst needed to make a decision on whether to buy shares in the IPO or not. A spreadsheet for students is available, product 7B12N031.

Change Management, Finance & Accounting , Case Study Solution, Term Papers

Order a Facebook, Inc.: The Initial Public Offering case study solution now

What is Change Management Definition & Process? Why transformation efforts fail? What are the Change Management Issues in Facebook, Inc.: The Initial Public Offering case study?

According to John P. Kotter – Change Management efforts are the major initiatives an organization undertakes to either boost productivity, increase product quality, improve the organizational culture, or reverse the present downward spiral that the company is going through. Sooner or later every organization requires change management efforts because without reinventing itself organization tends to lose out in the competitive market environment. The competitors catch up with it in products and service delivery, disruptors take away the lucrative and niche market positioning, or management ends up sitting on its own laurels thus missing out on the new trends, opportunities and developments in the industry.

What are the John P. Kotter - 8 Steps of Change Management?

Eight Steps of Kotter's Change Management Execution are -

• 1. Establish a Sense of Urgency
• 2. Form a Powerful Guiding Coalition
• 3. Create a Vision
• 4. Communicate the Vision
• 5. Empower Others to Act on the Vision
• 6. Plan for and Create Short Term Wins
• 7. Consolidate Improvements and Produce More Change
• 8. Institutionalize New Approaches

Are Change Management efforts easy to implement? What are the challenges in implementing change management processes?

According to authorlist Change management efforts are absolutely essential for the surviving and thriving of the organization but they are also extremely difficult to implement. Some of the biggest obstacles in implementing change efforts are –

• Change efforts create an environment of uncertainty in the organization that impacts not only the productivity in the organization but also the level of trust in the organization.
• Change management is often a lengthy, time consuming, and resource consuming process. Managements try to avoid them because they reflect negatively on the short term financial balance sheet of the organization.
• Change efforts are often targeted at making fundamental aspects in the business – operations and culture. Change management disrupts are status quo thus face opposition from both within and outside the organization.
• Change management efforts are made when the organization is in dire need and have fewer resources. This creates silos protection mentality within the organization.
• Change efforts are often made by new leaders because they are chosen by board to do so. These leaders often have less trust among the workforce compare to the people with whom they were already working with over the years.

Facebook, Inc.: The Initial Public Offering SWOT Analysis, SWOT Matrix, Weighted SWOT Case Study Solution & Analysis

How you can apply Change Management Principles to Facebook, Inc.: The Initial Public Offering case study?

Leaders can implement Change Management efforts in the organization by following the “Eight Steps Method of Change Management” by John P. Kotter.

Step 1 - Establish a sense of urgency

What are areas that require urgent change management efforts in the “ Facebook, Inc.: The Initial Public Offering “ case study. Some of the areas that require urgent changes are – organizing sales force to meet competitive realities, building new organizational structure to enter new markets or explore new opportunities. The leader needs to convince the managers that the status quo is far more dangerous than the change efforts.

Step 2 - Form a powerful guiding coalition

As mentioned earlier in the paper, most change efforts are undertaken by new management which has far less trust in the bank compare to the people with whom the organization staff has worked for long period of time. New leaders need to tap in the talent of the existing managers and integrate them in the change management efforts . This will for a powerful guiding coalition that not only understands the urgency of the situation but also has the trust of the employees in the organization. If the team able to explain at the grass roots level what went wrong, why organization need change, and what will be the outcomes of the change efforts then there will be a far more positive sentiment about change efforts among the rank and file.

Step 3 - Create a vision

The most critical role of the leader who is leading the change efforts is – creating and communicating a vision that can have a broader buy-in among employees throughout the organization. The vision should not only talk about broader objectives but also about how every little change can add up to the improvement in the overall organization.

Step 4 - Communicating the vision

Leaders need to use every vehicle to communicate the desired outcomes of the change efforts and how each employee impacted by it can contribute to achieve the desired change. Secondly the communication efforts need to answer a simple question for employees – “What it is in for the them”. If the vision doesn’t provide answer to this question then the change efforts are bound to fail because it won’t have buy-in from the required stakeholders of the organization.

Step 5 -Empower other to act on the vision

Once the vision is set and communicated, change management leadership should empower people at every level to take decisions regarding the change efforts. The empowerment should follow two key principles – it shouldn’t be too structured that it takes away improvisation capabilities of the managers who are working on the fronts. Secondly it shouldn’t be too loosely defined that people at the execution level can take it away from the desired vision and objectives.

Facebook, Inc.: The Initial Public Offering PESTEL / PEST / STEP & Porter Five Forces Analysis

Step 6 - Plan for and create short term wins

Initially the change efforts will bring more disruption then positive change because it is transforming the status quo. For example new training to increase productivity initially will lead to decrease in level of current productivity because workers are learning new skills and way of doing things. It can demotivate the employees regarding change efforts. To overcome such scenarios the change management leadership should focus on short term wins within the long term transformation. They should carefully craft short term goals, reward employees for achieving short term wins, and provide a comprehensive understanding of how these short term wins fit into the overall vision and objectives of the change management efforts.

Step 7 - Consolidate improvements and produce more change

Short term wins lead to renewed enthusiasm among the employees to implement change efforts. Management should go ahead to put a framework where the improvements made so far are consolidated and more change efforts can be built on the top of the present change efforts.

Step 8 - Institutionalize new approaches

Once the improvements are consolidated, leadership needs to take steps to institutionalize the processes and changes that are made. It needs to stress how the change efforts have delivered success in the desired manner. It should highlight the connection between corporate success and new behaviour. Finally organization management needs to create organizational structure, leadership, and performance plans consistent with the new approach.

Is change management a process or event?

What many leaders and managers at the Analyst Ipo fails to recognize is that – Change Management is a deliberate and detail oriented process rather than an event where the management declares that the changes it needs to make in the organization to thrive. Change management not only impact the operational processes of the organization but also the cultural and integral values of the organization.

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Facebook Inc The Initial Public Offering Case Help

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Facebook Inc The Initial Public Offering Case Study Analysis

We would be seriously examining Facebook Inc The Initial Public Offering's Case Solution effectiveness as a program manager at Health Devices and Laboratories Inc in the following analysis which will look at three elements of her function as a change management leader. First of all we would be highlighting areas where Case Solution Facebook Inc The Initial Public Offering acted prudently and took decisions which were favorable for the success of her recently appointed role as a project supervisor. Tactical steps that were taken by business in her existing function would be critically analyzed on the basis of market contrasts. We would be examining the factors why Facebook Inc The Initial Public Offering stopped working to get the project implemented. In this location we would be highlighting the errors which were made by companny which might have contributed to her failure to get the implementation done during her tenure as a project manager. After a thorough analysis of the case we would be looking at a section advising alternative actions which could have been taken by Facebook Inc The Initial Public Offering's Case Solution that may have resulted in favorable repercussions. In this area we would be taking a look at examples from industry practices which have offered solutions to issues which companny experienced during her project management role. Our analysis would address problems related to conflict management, bullying and insubordination, interaction gaps within an organization and qualities of an effective leader.

Evaluation of Facebook Inc The Initial Public Offering Case Study Solution Role as a Project Manager

Positive Efforts by Facebook Inc The Initial Public Offering An analysis of Facebook Inc The Initial Public Offering's function as a project supervisor at Heal Inc. indicates that case study help had a major role in getting the project implemented. She was definitely making a considerable effort in the best instructions as apparent by numerous examples in the event.

Project Requirement Gathering

Her initial efforts in terms of getting the project started certainly showed that she was entering the ideal direction. The requirements gathering stage for her project showed how she was not making haphazard relocations randomly however was dealing with a systematic approach in terms of handing the execution. This appears by the fact that not only did she start a study to understand what was needed for modifying Heal Inc.'s devices, she likewise embraced a market orientated technique where she met numerous purchasers to comprehend what the marketplace was looking for. Furthermore, her decision to introduce Taguchi technique, a highly disciplined item style process she had discovered in japan alsosuggested that she wanted to bring in the best industry practices for the application. Taguchi methods have been used for improving the quality of Japanese items since 1960 and by 1980 it was understood by numerous business that the Japanese approaches for guaranteeing quality were not as reliable as the Japanese approaches (Wysk, Niebel, Cohen, Simpson, 2000). For that reason we can quickly state that Facebook Inc The Initial Public Offering case analysis preliminary efforts in regards to initiating the project were based upon an organized idea of following best market practices.

Creation of Facebook Inc The Initial Public Offering Case Task Force

The reality that she did not use a standard method towards this execution is even more apparent by the creation of job force for the assignmentespecially as it was a complicated project and a task force is often the very best approach for handling projects which include intricacy and organizational change (The Results Group. n.d) Given that the project included making use of more complicated technology and coordination and team effort were needed in style and production, companny's choice to go with a task force and Taguchi offered perfect active ingredients for taking the project in the best direction.

Choice of external vendor

Facebook Inc The Initial Public Offering Case Study Solution had the ability to find a suitable service to the organization's problem after an extensive analysis of realities that had actually been built up throughout her study. The truth that market leaders had actually formed tactical alliances and were reverting to outside suppliers for purchasing equipment suggested that the market trend was certainly altering and selecting an external supplier was a suitable service. business's suggestion to go for an external supplier was an efficient option for the Project Hippocrates which was eventually agreed upon by others in the team too although she was not able to persuade the executive members during her function as a project manager. Facebook Inc The Initial Public Offering Case Study Solution patience throughout the initiation days as a project supervisor can be seen by the truth that she did not alter her choice about going on with the option of an outside supplier even though the decision proposed by her underwent a number of preliminary problems in the type of acceptance and rejection prior to being finally accepted as a plan that needed to be taken forward. She strove during these times in gathering appropriate truths and figures which existed to the senior management where she had to deal with direct opposition from Parker who was offering discussions about an entirely different alternative than the one which was being offered by Facebook Inc The Initial Public Offering. So generally her preliminary function as a project manager was rather difficult in regards to persuading the management heads that her new proposed solution was able to change the existing solution that had been the company's success factor in the past. He ability to withstand her choice regardless of challenges in the type of prospective rivalries from colleagues suggested how she truly wanted Project Hippocrates to be a success.

Respecting chain of command

We can see how Facebook Inc The Initial Public Offering was appreciating her hierarchy by following Dan Stella's order concerning avoiding any sort of direct dispute with Parker. Even when Parker was trying to provoke business throughout the conferences, she kept her calm indicating that she was deliberately making an effort in terms of keeping things under control in spite of her hesitation to work with Parker. This suggests that she was doing the right thing in terms of preventing any dispute which would come in the way of her new initiative.Even if appearance as the method taken by companny when she was managing Kane's direct attacks during subsequent meetings we can see that she kept avoiding getting into a direct argument with Kane relating to the purchase of external devices. So essentially we can state that business was trying to do the right thing by not delighting in workplace politics which could have contributed towards the failure of the project. Data and Facts accumulation If we disregard the social abilities that were being utilized by companny to deal with the concerns at hand, we can see that she was definitely taking a look at the technical aspects of the project and was working hard to collect data that might help in terms of supporting the fact that digital technology was needed for the new style. For doing so she was initiating research too and technical understanding of the present system. Although she was the project supervisor for this initiative, she was making sure that she understood the depth of the problem rather than just recommending a solution which did not have enough evidence to support it. So generally we can add that her technique was appropriate as far as the recognition of the problem was concerned. Vendor Support in contract It was generally Facebook Inc The Initial Public Offering case analysis efforts with the vendors which had caused the addition of continuing vendor assistance in the contact and later her style of negotiation was used as a standard for buying parts from outside. companny not just managed to present the idea of reverting to an outside vendor, she had the ability to highlight the significance of an outside agreement by indicating to the group that their failure to adhere to the contact would lead to problem for the business. Basically business was the push aspect that eventually led to the decision of successfully opting for an outside vendor with favorable terms of contact for the company.

Case Solution for Facebook Inc The Initial Public Offering Case Study

This area takes a look at alternative strategies that could have been taken by Facebook Inc The Initial Public Offering case study analysis which might have led to a positive result for her. The truth that she was not able to get the project implemented in spite of numerous efforts aimed at getting the management to accept her findings and suggestions as the ultimate option to the organization's difficulty. Parker may have been a rather tough colleague and companny had actually heard negative things about him from others, the key to pacifying conflict was to form a bond with him rather than be in a consistent defensive relationship with him which had ultimately messed up things for companny. This did not mean that companny needed to start liking him regardless of all the negativeness that was coming from his side. business needed to separate the 'person' from the 'problem' rather than thinking of Parker as the issue which would have assisted in refraining from acting defensive. While it was essential for business to be focused on the typical goal that needed to be achieved, it was also important to interact with her coworkers and supervisors in order to make them see how she was not challenging their authority but was working towards the achievement of similar objectives. business was trying to bargain and work out without initiating the initial discussion which was the primary reason which had led to offensive behavior from her colleagues (George, 2007). business required to refrain from displaying aggression throughout her discussions. The fact that she was actually utilizing data to slap the other party on the face was causing aggressiveness from the opposite too. So generally the important thing to keep in mind in this case was that Case Solution of Facebook Inc The Initial Public Offering case study needed to be direct and respectful while at the very same time she must have acknowledged the fact that sometimes one needs to be skillful in terms of helping the other individual 'preserve one's honor'. Furthermore, it was important to respect timing too. While she had been used to tough Dorr alone throughout their personal meetings, doing so publically throughout an officially meeting should have been avoided. (George, 2007). companny needed to understand what was triggering the dispute rather than concentrating on her colleagues' mindset towardsher. Had she comprehended the root cause of the difference or offending habits, she would have been able to plan out her future arguments appropriately. In this manner she would have been able to produce dialogue that would have targeted at resolving the dispute at hand without sounding too aggressive during discussions. It needs to be kept in mind that the conflict was not arising over distinctions in goals as both the celebrations were aiming for the intro of brand-new devices in the work environment. Nevertheless, the truth that Facebook Inc The Initial Public Offering case help was looking at information which was making Parker's analog service look like a worthless service was irritating him and his group. Rather of simply throwing information and facts at the team, companny could have indulged in shared discussion where Parker could have been pleasantly spoken with for providing his feedback on business's suggestions for resolving the present issue. It should be kept in mind that Parker was not showing anger over the introduction of a new technology or the reality that companny was recommending utilizing an outside vendor for the project but was upset over his authority being jeopardized since of a new colleague's suggestions which were straight attaching the solution he had provided in the past (George, 2007). During an analysis of the case we have also seen how business was able to get hold of information and realities and yet she was unable to present them to the senior management in a method which could get their attention focused on the information. While an action by action method was crucial for dealing with the actual application of the project, companny required to be succinct throughout her presentations intended at convincing Dorr and Dan that she was moving in the ideal direction. A final idea for business would be to focus more on comprehending the organizational culture rather than remaining aloof and working entirely on the project since it's not simply about discovering the ideal option but likewise about getting the cooperation of human resources to get the solution implemented. Facebook Inc The Initial Public Offering required to comprehend the complexities of this culture where challenging the authority of reliable executives could trigger defensive habits. Facebook Inc The Initial Public Offering Case Study Conclusion Our analysis has brought us to the conclusion that Facebook Inc The Initial Public Offering's failure to get the project carried out during her role as a project manager can be contributed to the truth that she was unskilled in dealing with authoritative figures and acted defensively to support her arguments. Considering that this was business's very first role as a line supervisor, this did teach her several lessons which have made her see where she was going wrong as a project manager.

Facebook, Inc: The Initial Public Offering Case Solution & Answer

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Facebook, Inc: The Initial Public Offering Case Solution

Facebook stated that the initial public offerings are for its investors to craft their equity stakes into cash. Facebook rapidly introduces a variety of innovative online tools, as well as it has an additional advantage of public enterprise while getting loans from financial institutions for its innovations. Moreover, it will also able to get more funds by issuing more stocks. Facebook can also look for other mutual funds. Facebook can offer its stock in case of acquisition of a company such as Instagram. The credibility and exposure to the public will also be increased by registering in a stock exchange..

Worth of Facebook share

Facebook has been facing an immediate decline in its share price. A decline can be seen in IPOs of Group on and Zynga, whereas LinkedIn has increased its share price.Facebook has initiated its IPO at around $28-$35 dollars at an estimated value of $100 billion and later shifted to a price $38 per share. Facebook increased its IPO tremendously as it is 100 times of its total earnings per share and 26 times of its sales per share. According to the discounted cash flow analysis, the IPO was estimated at a value of $32.44. The price of IPO is 117% of estimated price per share. Facebook generates 85% of its revenue from advertisement and it has a .The hype produced by Facebook will cool down after a certain period of time and the price for its share will also reduce, as a result it will take few years for Facebook to be stabilized. Information regarding Facebook should be considered for future investments. Mark should watch over the activities of the IPO. Moreover, he  should also review reaction of stockholders and reaction by the company on it. Mark Zuckerberg owns 28% percent of shares with a right of 56% on the company’s decisions. This figure depicts an autocratic approach, which can lead the company to its downfall as the performance of the overall company will deteriorate as the decision will be solely on the CEO.An example of acquisition of Instagram can be seen in this case. The decision of acquisition was solely taken by Mark Zuckerberg as he did not take advice from financial advisors. Decisions like these can be appreciable for private companies but can cause huge loss for public entities. It is also not proven that Facebook will succeed its ambitious in mobile world. The IPO at US exchange is $5. It is predicted that Facebook’s worth is $100 billion with a price to earnings ratio of 100. This ratio includes how fast the company can grow. As compared to Facebook, it has a huge IPO. It is suggested to wait for the right time when Facebook reaches its lowest price and then its shares could be bought……………….

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FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A Case Analysis and Case Solution

Posted by Peter Williams on Aug-09-2018

Introduction of FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A Case Solution

The FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A case study is a Harvard Business Review case study, which presents a simulated practical experience to the reader allowing them to learn about real life problems in the business world. The FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A case consisted of a central issue to the organization, which had to be identified, analysed and creative solutions had to be drawn to tackle the issue. This paper presents the solved FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A case analysis and case solution. The method through which the analysis is done is mentioned, followed by the relevant tools used in finding the solution.

The case solution first identifies the central issue to the FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A case study, and the relevant stakeholders affected by this issue. This is known as the problem identification stage. After this, the relevant tools and models are used, which help in the case study analysis and case study solution. The tools used in identifying the solution consist of the SWOT Analysis, Porter Five Forces Analysis, PESTEL Analysis, VRIO analysis, Value Chain Analysis, BCG Matrix analysis, Ansoff Matrix analysis, and the Marketing Mix analysis. The solution consists of recommended strategies to overcome this central issue. It is a good idea to also propose alternative case study solutions, because if the main solution is not found feasible, then the alternative solutions could be implemented. Lastly, a good case study solution also includes an implementation plan for the recommendation strategies. This shows how through a step-by-step procedure as to how the central issue can be resolved.

Problem Identification of FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A Case Solution

Harvard Business Review cases involve a central problem that is being faced by the organization and these problems affect a number of stakeholders. In the problem identification stage, the problem faced by FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A is identified through reading of the case. This could be mentioned at the start of the reading, the middle or the end. At times in a case analysis, the problem may be clearly evident in the reading of the HBR case. At other times, finding the issue is the job of the person analysing the case. It is also important to understand what stakeholders are affected by the problem and how. The goals of the stakeholders and are the organization are also identified to ensure that the case study analysis are consistent with these.

Analysis of the FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A HBR Case Study

The objective of the case should be focused on. This is doing the FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A Case Solution. This analysis can be proceeded in a step-by-step procedure to ensure that effective solutions are found.

• In the first step, a growth path of the company can be formulated that lays down its vision, mission and strategic aims. These can usually be developed using the company history is provided in the case. Company history is helpful in a Business Case study as it helps one understand what the scope of the solutions will be for the case study.
• The next step is of understanding the company; its people, their priorities and the overall culture. This can be done by using company history. It can also be done by looking at anecdotal instances of managers or employees that are usually included in an HBR case study description to give the reader a real feel of the situation.
• Lastly, a timeline of the issues and events in the case needs to be made. Arranging events in a timeline allows one to predict the next few events that are likely to take place. It also helps one in developing the case study solutions. The timeline also helps in understanding the continuous challenges that are being faced by the organisation.

SWOT analysis of FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A

An important tool that helps in addressing the central issue of the case and coming up with FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A HBR case solution is the SWOT analysis.

• The SWOT analysis is a strategic management tool that lists down in the form of a matrix, an organisation's internal strengths and weaknesses, and external opportunities and threats. It helps in the strategic analysis of FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A.
• Once this listing has been done, a clearer picture can be developed in regards to how strategies will be formed to address the main problem. For example, strengths will be used as an advantage in solving the issue.

Therefore, the SWOT analysis is a helpful tool in coming up with the FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A Case Study answers. One does not need to remain restricted to using the traditional SWOT analysis, but the advanced TOWS matrix or weighted average SWOT analysis can also be used.

Porter Five Forces Analysis for FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A

Another helpful tool in finding the case solutions is of Porter's Five Forces analysis. This is also a strategic tool that is used to analyse the competitive environment of the industry in which FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A operates in. Analysis of the industry is important as businesses do not work in isolation in real life, but are affected by the business environment of the industry that they operate in. Harvard Business case studies represent real-life situations, and therefore, an analysis of the industry's competitive environment needs to be carried out to come up with more holistic case study solutions. In Porter's Five Forces analysis, the industry is analysed along 5 dimensions.

• These are the threats that the industry faces due to new entrants.
• It includes the threat of substitute products.
• It includes the bargaining power of buyers in the industry.
• It includes the bargaining power of suppliers in an industry.
• Lastly, the overall rivalry or competition within the industry is analysed.

This tool helps one understand the relative powers of the major players in the industry and its overall competitive dynamics. Actionable and practical solutions can then be developed by keeping these factors into perspective.

PESTEL Analysis of FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A

Another helpful tool that should be used in finding the case study solutions is the PESTEL analysis. This also looks at the external business environment of the organisation helps in finding case study Analysis to real-life business issues as in HBR cases.

• The PESTEL analysis particularly looks at the macro environmental factors that affect the industry. These are the political, environmental, social, technological, environmental and legal (regulatory) factors affecting the industry.
• Factors within each of these 6 should be listed down, and analysis should be made as to how these affect the organisation under question.
• These factors are also responsible for the future growth and challenges within the industry. Hence, they should be taken into consideration when coming up with the FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A case solution.

VRIO Analysis of FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A

This is an analysis carried out to know about the internal strengths and capabilities of FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A. Under the VRIO analysis, the following steps are carried out:

• The internal resources of FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A are listed down.
• Each of these resources are assessed in terms of the value it brings to the organization.
• Each resource is assessed in terms of how rare it is. A rare resource is one that is not commonly used by competitors.
• Each resource is assessed whether it could be imitated by competition easily or not.
• Lastly, each resource is assessed in terms of whether the organization can use it to an advantage or not.

The analysis done on the 4 dimensions; Value, Rareness, Imitability, and Organization. If a resource is high on all of these 4, then it brings long-term competitive advantage. If a resource is high on Value, Rareness, and Imitability, then it brings an unused competitive advantage. If a resource is high on Value and Rareness, then it only brings temporary competitive advantage. If a resource is only valuable, then it’s a competitive parity. If it’s none, then it can be regarded as a competitive disadvantage.

Value Chain Analysis of FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A

The Value chain analysis of FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A helps in identifying the activities of an organization, and how these add value in terms of cost reduction and differentiation. This tool is used in the case study analysis as follows:

• The firm’s primary and support activities are listed down.
• Identifying the importance of these activities in the cost of the product and the differentiation they produce.
• Lastly, differentiation or cost reduction strategies are to be used for each of these activities to increase the overall value provided by these activities.

Recognizing value creating activities and enhancing the value that they create allow FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A to increase its competitive advantage.

BCG Matrix of FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A

The BCG Matrix is an important tool in deciding whether an organization should invest or divest in its strategic business units. The matrix involves placing the strategic business units of a business in one of four categories; question marks, stars, dogs and cash cows. The placement in these categories depends on the relative market share of the organization and the market growth of these strategic business units. The steps to be followed in this analysis is as follows:

• Identify the relative market share of each strategic business unit.
• Identify the market growth of each strategic business unit.
• Place these strategic business units in one of four categories. Question Marks are those strategic business units with high market share and low market growth rate. Stars are those strategic business units with high market share and high market growth rate. Cash Cows are those strategic business units with high market share and low market growth rate. Dogs are those strategic business units with low market share and low growth rate.
• Relevant strategies should be implemented for each strategic business unit depending on its position in the matrix.

The strategies identified from the FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A BCG matrix and included in the case pdf. These are either to further develop the product, penetrate the market, develop the market, diversification, investing or divesting.

Ansoff Matrix of FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A

Ansoff Matrix is an important strategic tool to come up with future strategies for FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A in the case solution. It helps decide whether an organization should pursue future expansion in new markets and products or should it focus on existing markets and products.

• The organization can penetrate into existing markets with its existing products. This is known as market penetration strategy.
• The organization can develop new products for the existing market. This is known as product development strategy.
• The organization can enter new markets with its existing products. This is known as market development strategy.
• The organization can enter into new markets with new products. This is known as a diversification strategy.

The choice of strategy depends on the analysis of the previous tools used and the level of risk the organization is willing to take.

Marketing Mix of FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A

FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A needs to bring out certain responses from the market that it targets. To do so, it will need to use the marketing mix, which serves as a tool in helping bring out responses from the market. The 4 elements of the marketing mix are Product, Price, Place and Promotions. The following steps are required to carry out a marketing mix analysis and include this in the case study analysis.

• Analyse the company’s products and devise strategies to improve the product offering of the company.
• Analyse the company’s price points and devise strategies that could be based on competition, value or cost.
• Analyse the company’s promotion mix. This includes the advertisement, public relations, personal selling, sales promotion, and direct marketing. Strategies will be devised which makes use of a few or all of these elements.
• Analyse the company’s distribution and reach. Strategies can be devised to improve the availability of the company’s products.

FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A Blue Ocean Strategy

The strategies devised and included in the FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A case memo should have a blue ocean strategy. A blue ocean strategy is a strategy that involves firms seeking uncontested market spaces, which makes the competition of the company irrelevant. It involves coming up with new and unique products or ideas through innovation. This gives the organization a competitive advantage over other firms, unlike a red ocean strategy.

Competitors analysis of FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A

The PESTEL analysis discussed previously looked at the macro environmental factors affecting business, but not the microenvironmental factors. One of the microenvironmental factors are competitors, which are addressed by a competitor analysis. The Competitors analysis of FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A looks at the direct and indirect competitors within the industry that it operates in.

• This involves a detailed analysis of their actions and how these would affect the future strategies of FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A.
• It involves looking at the current market share of the company and its competitors.
• It should compare the marketing mix elements of competitors, their supply chain, human resources, financial strength etc.
• It also should look at the potential opportunities and threats that these competitors pose on the company.

Organisation of the Analysis into FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A Case Study Solution

Once various tools have been used to analyse the case, the findings of this analysis need to be incorporated into practical and actionable solutions. These solutions will also be the FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A case answers. These are usually in the form of strategies that the organisation can adopt. The following step-by-step procedure can be used to organise the Harvard Business case solution and recommendations:

• The first step of the solution is to come up with a corporate level strategy for the organisation. This part consists of solutions that address issues faced by the organisation on a strategic level. This could include suggestions, changes or recommendations to the company's vision, mission and its strategic objectives. It can include recommendations on how the organisation can work towards achieving these strategic objectives. Furthermore, it needs to be explained how the stated recommendations will help in solving the main issue mentioned in the case and where the company will stand in the future as a result of these.
• The second step of the solution is to come up with a business level strategy. The HBR case studies may present issues faced by a part of the organisation. For example, the issues may be stated for marketing and the role of a marketing manager needs to be assumed. So, recommendations and suggestions need to address the strategy of the marketing department in this case. Therefore, the strategic objectives of this business unit (Marketing) will be laid down in the solutions and recommendations will be made as to how to achieve these objectives. Similar would be the case for any other business unit or department such as human resources, finance, IT etc. The important thing to note here is that the business level strategy needs to be aligned with the overall corporate strategy of the organisation. For example, if one suggests the organisation to focus on differentiation for competitive advantage as a corporate level strategy, then it can't be recommended for the FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A Case Study Solution that the business unit should focus on costs.
• The third step is not compulsory but depends from case to case. In some HBR case studies, one may be required to analyse an issue at a department. This issue may be analysed for a manager or employee as well. In these cases, recommendations need to be made for these people. The solution may state that objectives that these people need to achieve and how these objectives would be achieved.

The case study analysis and solution, and FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A case answers should be written down in the FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A case memo, clearly identifying which part shows what. The FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A case should be in a professional format, presenting points clearly that are well understood by the reader.

Alternate solution to the FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A HBR case study

It is important to have more than one solution to the case study. This is the alternate solution that would be implemented if the original proposed solution is found infeasible or impossible due to a change in circumstances. The alternate solution for FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A is presented in the same way as the original solution, where it consists of a corporate level strategy, business level strategy and other recommendations.

Implementation of FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A Case Solution

The case study does not end at just providing recommendations to the issues at hand. One is also required to provide how these recommendations would be implemented. This is shown through a proper implementation framework. A detailed implementation framework helps in distinguishing between an average and an above average case study answer. A good implementation framework shows the proposed plan and how the organisations' resources would be used to achieve the objectives. It also lays down the changes needed to be made as well as the assumptions in the process.

• A proper implementation framework shows that one has clearly understood the case study and the main issue within it.
• It shows that one has been clarified with the HBR fundamentals on the topic.
• It shows that the details provided in the case have been properly analysed.
• It shows that one has developed an ability to prioritise recommendations and how these could be successfully implemented.
• The implementation framework also helps by removing out any recommendations that are not practical or actionable as these could not be implemented. Therefore, the implementation framework ensures that the solution to the FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A Harvard case is complete and properly answered.

Recommendations and Action Plan for FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A case analysis

For FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A, based on the SWOT Analysis, Porter Five Forces Analysis, PESTEL Analysis, VRIO analysis, Value Chain Analysis, BCG Matrix analysis, Ansoff Matrix analysis, and the Marketing Mix analysis, the recommendations and action plan are as follows:

• FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A should focus on making use of its strengths identified from the VRIO analysis to make the most of the opportunities identified from the PESTEL.
• FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A should enhance the value creating activities within its value chain.
• FACEBOOK INC THE INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING A should invest in its stars and cash cows, while getting rid of the dogs identified from the BCG Matrix analysis.
• To achieve its overall corporate and business level objectives, it should make use of the marketing mix tools to obtain desired results from its target market.

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