health essay in sinhala

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Grade 11 Health

Download Grade 11  Health Past Papers, Model Papers, Short notes in Sinhala, English, and Tamil Medium.

Subject –    Grade 11  Health

Notes/Short Notes

• Let us Identify Principles of Biomechanics to Maintain Correct Postures  Lesson 03
• Let us Use Equipment Adapting Correct Postures  | Lesson 07
• Let us Engage in Outdoor Activities | Lesson 08
• Let Us Learn About Running Events in Athletics  | Lesson 09
• Let us Cooperate with Management and Organizing Through Sports  | Lesson 10
• Let us Consume Nutritious Food for a Healthy Life  | Lesson 11
• Let us Understand the Musculoskeletal System | Lesson 13
• Let us Maintain Fitness Related to Motor Skills | Lesson 14
• Let us Identify the Challenges in Adolescence | Lesson 16
• Grade 11 Health And Physical Education | English Medium
• Grade 11 Health And Physical Education | Tamil Medium

Grade 11 Health Term Test Papers

1st term papers.

• 2020 Paper with answers – Northwestern Province | English Medium
• 2020 paper with answers – North western province | Sinhala Medium
• 2020 paper with answers – Southern province | Sinhala Medium
• 2020 paper with answers – Southern Province | Sinhala Medium
• 2019 paper with answers – Southern Province | Sinhala Medium
• 2018 Paper with answers – Northwestern Province | English Medium

2nd Term Papers

• 2020 Paper with Answers
• 2019 Paper with answers – Northwestern Province | English Medium
• 2019 paper with answers – North western province | Sinhala Medium
• 2019 paper with answers – Southern province | Sinhala Medium

3rd Term Papers

• 2023 Paper With answers – North Western Province | Sinhala Medium
• 2022 (2023) Paper with answers – Central Province | Sinhala Medium
• 2022 Paper with answers – Southern Province | Sinhala Medium
• 2022 Paper with answers – North Western Province
• 2022 Paper with answers – North Western Province | English Medium
• 2021 Paper – Uva Province | Sinhala Medium
• 2021 Paper – Uva Province | English Medium
• 2021 Paper – Uva Province | Tamil Medium
• 2021 Paper with Answers – Southern Province | Sinhala  Medium
• 2020 Paper with Answers – Southern Province | Sinhala  Medium
• 2020 paper with answers – Western Province | Sinhala Medium 
• 2020 paper with answers – Western province | English Medium
• 2018 paper with answers – North western province | Sinhala Medium 

Western Province Papers

1. Third Term Test Papers

• 2022(2023) Paper
• 2021 Paper 

Unit Test Papers

• Sinhala Medium Unit Test Papers
• English Medium Unit Test Papers
• Workbook with Unit Test Papers(Sinhala Medium)

Buy O/L Past Paper Book

• Sinhala Medium O/L Health Past Paper Book
• English Medium O/L Health Past Paper Book

Health TextBooks

• Grade 11 Health and Physical Education textbook | English Medium – New Syllabus
• Grade 11 Health and Physical Education textbook in Sinhala Medium – New Syllabus

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Last Update:   2022.01.08

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The environment around us and our health-(අප අවට පරිසරය හා අපේ සෞඛයය)

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Apa Awata Parisaraya sinhala essay

The environment around us has a profound effect on our health. If the environment around us is not good, we will not be able to lead a healthy life. If our surroundings are not healthy, we will be exposed to various diseases such as cholera, yellow fever and indigestion due to the polluted environment.

We need to keep our homes, our backyards and the whole environment clean. Sunlight is very important for the human body. That is why it is so important to let the sun shine into our homes.

Get fresh air in the morning. When we go to bed at night, rooms with cozy spaces are healthier than rooms that are cramped and awake.

Everyone wants cleanliness. Rural people do not think much about this principle. Even so, owning one is still beyond the reach of the average person.

Unlike those living in continuously polluted urban areas, people living in rural areas often have access to clean air and water. The percentage of carbon dioxide in the air in urban areas is higher than in the air in rural areas. This is due to the congestion in the city, the large number of factories and the high use of vehicles.

No matter where we live, we should always be concerned about our surroundings and the environment. It is not difficult to live a good healthy life if we have a group of neighbors who care about good health.

Keeping the environment clean for good health We can start at home as a small child. We can remove water containers, clean drains, burn trash and keep the house and surroundings clean. It can be extended to school, temple and our friends can also participate in it. Keeping our health healthy in such a clean environment is a blessing in disguise.

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Mage Rata sinhala essay(මගේ රට ගැන රචනා)   You can also see My country essay in English .  More about  Sri Lanka...

A deer caught in a trap-(උගුලකට අසු වු මුව පැටවකු)

Muwa Pataweku sinhala essay The deer did not listen to the advice of the deer and started wandering in the forest. He...

If I get a chance to go to the moon-(සඳට යාමට මට අවස්ථාවක් උදා වුව හොත්)

Sandata Yaamata sinhala essay From my childhood I heard that the Americans went to the moon and returned safely. The...

Free Trade Zone-(නිදහස් වෙළද කලාපය)

Nidahas Welada Kalapaya sinhala essay The Free Trade Zone is a great help to boost the economy of our country....

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Medicinal drinks improve our health-(ඖෂධීය පාන අපේ සෞඛ්‍යය වර්ධනය කරයි)

Let’s protect public property-(පොදු දේපල රැක ගනිමු).

• Happy Family

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• Let us Avoid Future Postural Ailments
• Let us spend the Leisure Effectively
• Let Us Improve Our Natural Movements to Perform the Tasks of Life
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G.C.E. O/L - 2017 - Health & Physical Education Past Paper with Marking Scheme (Answer Guide)

G.C.E. O/L - 2017 -  Health & Physical Education Past Paper with Marking Scheme (Answer Guide)

Download  G.C.E. O/L - 2017 -  Health & Physical Education  Past Paper  and  Marking Scheme (Answer Guide)  using the links provided below.

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G.C.E. O/L - 2017 - Health & Physical Education - Past Paper - Sinhala Medium

G.C.E. O/L - 2017 - Health & Physical Education - Answer Guide - Sinhala Medium

G.c.e. o/l - 2017 - health & physical education - past paper - english medium.

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Essay on Healthy Lifestyle for Students and Children

500+ Words Essay on Healthy Lifestyle

It is said that it is easy to learn and maintain bad habits but it is very difficult to switch them back. The issue of a healthy lifestyle is very serious but the people take it very lightly. Often, it is seen that the people take steps to improve their lifestyle but due to lack of determination quits in the midway.

Moreover, for a healthy lifestyle is it important that you take small and one-step at a time. Also, do not go overboard with it. Besides, this healthy lifestyle will help you in life in a lot of ways.

Habits That Keeps You Healthy

For keeping your body and mind healthy you have to follow certain rules that will help you achieve your goal. Besides, there are certain measures that will help you to stay healthy.

First of all, for being healthy you have to plan and follow a strict diet. This diet should contain all the essential minerals and vitamins required by the body. Also, eat only healthy food and avoid junk and heavily carbohydrate and fatty food.

In addition, wake up early in the morning because first of all, it’s a healthy habit. Secondly, waking up early means you can get ready for your work early, spend some quality time with your family. Besides, this decides time for your sleep and sleep early because it de-stresses body.

Doing exercise regularly makes your body more active and it also releases the pent-up stress from the muscles.

Avoid the mobile- the biggest drawback of this generation is that they are obsessed with their mobile phones. Moreover, these phones cause many physical and mental problem for them. So, to avoid the negative effects of mobile the usage volume of them should be reduced.

Connecting with positive minds because the more you indulge with these people then less you will go to the negative side.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

The things that should be avoided for a healthy lifestyle

We knew that there are several bad habits that affect our healthy lifestyle. These habits can cause much harm to not only to the body but to the society too. In addition, these habits are also the cause of many evils of society. The major healthy lifestyle destroying habits are smoking, drinking, junk food, addiction , meal skipping, and overuse of pills.

All these activities severely damage body parts and organs which cannot be replaced easily. Besides, they not only cause physical damage but mental damage too.

Benefits of a Healthy Lifestyle

A healthy lifestyle has many benefits not only for the body but for the mind too. Also, if you follow a healthy lifestyle then you can reduce the risk of having cancer, heart disease, diabetes, obesity, and osteoporosis.

To sum it up, we can say that there are various benefits of living a healthy lifestyle. Also, a healthy lifestyle has many benefits to your social as well as personal life. Besides, it improves the relationships in the family. Most importantly, the person who lives a healthy lifestyle lives longer as compared to those who do not.

FAQs on Healthy Lifestyle

Q.1 Give some tips to live a healthy lifestyle. A.1 Some tips for staying healthy are eating a balanced diet, maintain weight, having enough sleep, sleep early and wake up early, use mobile lesser, etc.

Q.2 What is good health? A.2 Good health means freedom from sickness and diseases. It is a costly gift of nature to us for living a purposeful life. Also, good health means that we can do more work than our capacity without getting tired.

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2019 O/L Health & Physical Studies Past Paper

Part i and part ii of the 2019 ordinary level health and physical education past paper are available for download or viewing online using the links provided below. you can also download marking schemes. all the past papers, notes, and marking schemes provided on this website are totally free, download past papers and the marking scheme by clicking on the icons below. you can also view it directly online., 2019 ordinary level health and physical education past paper download, 2019 ordinary level health and physical education marking scheme.

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Two decades of studies suggest health benefits associated with plant-based diets

But researchers caution against broad diet recommendations until remaining knowledge gaps are filled.

Vegetarian and vegan diets are generally associated with better status on various medical factors linked to cardiovascular health and cancer risk, as well as lower risk of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and death, according to a new review of 49 previously published papers. Angelo Capodici and colleagues present these findings in the open-access journal PLOS ONE on May 15, 2024.

Prior studies have linked certain diets with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer. A diet that is poor in plant products and rich in meat, refined grains, sugar, and salt is associated with higher risk of death. Reducing consumption of animal-based products in favor of plant-based products has been suggested to lower the risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer. However, the overall benefits of such diets remain unclear.

To deepen understanding of the potential benefits of plant-based diets, Capodici and colleagues reviewed 48 papers published between January 2000 and June 2023 that themselves compiled evidence from multiple prior studies. Following an "umbrella" review approach, they extracted and analyzed data from the 48 papers on links between plant-based diets, cardiovascular health, and cancer risk.

Their analysis showed that, overall, vegetarian and vegan diets have a robust statistical association with better health status on a number of risk factors associated with cardiometabolic diseases, cancer, and mortality, such as blood pressure, management of blood sugar, and body mass index. Such diets are associated with reduced risk of ischemic heart disease, gastrointestinal and prostate cancer, and death from cardiovascular disease.

However, among pregnant women specifically, those with vegetarian diets faced no difference in their risk of gestational diabetes and hypertension compared to those on non-plant-based diets.

Overall, these findings suggest that plant-based diets are associated with significant health benefits. However, the researchers note, the statistical strength of this association is significantly limited by the many differences between past studies in terms of the specific diet regimens followed, patient demographics, study duration, and other factors. Moreover, some plant-based diets may introduce vitamin and mineral deficiencies for some people. Thus, the researchers caution against large-scale recommendation of plant-based diets until more research is completed.

The authors add: "Our study evaluates the different impacts of animal-free diets for cardiovascular health and cancer risk showing how a vegetarian diet can be beneficial to human health and be one of the effective preventive strategies for the two most impactful chronic diseases on human health in the 21st century."

• Diet and Weight Loss
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Materials provided by PLOS . Note: Content may be edited for style and length.

Journal Reference :

• Angelo Capodici, Gabriele Mocciaro, Davide Gori, Matthew J. Landry, Alice Masini, Francesco Sanmarchi, Matteo Fiore, Angela Andrea Coa, Gisele Castagna, Christopher D. Gardner, Federica Guaraldi. Cardiovascular health and cancer risk associated with plant based diets: An umbrella review . PLOS ONE , 2024; 19 (5): e0300711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300711

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I was here for 2 weeks in the winter. gateway looks much different in person then on its website or in it's brochures. there were two showers for 25 or more men. three people to one small room. food was not too bad. different units are treated very differently. my friend and I snuck into the unit that takes better insurance and they had better lounges and rooms then we did. small staff for patients funded by welfare versus larger staff for better insurance. patients that broke rules or fought or brought in drugs got all the treatment. if I you didn't act out you were on your own. I stayed clean for two months after I left.

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Business Owner

Apr 3, 2019

Thanks for your review and I'm sorry you had a less than ideal experience. I am glad to report that we have done many physical upgrades to the building and have renovated much of it since that time. In addition, our programs are now divided up by age and gender and not payor. We really have made a strong push to provide the best care and make sure all of our treatment is evidence-based and of the highest level.

This was the worst experience of my life!! I am traumatized and afraid for my life!! Invasion of privacy...scare tactics...just down right evil and cruel!! Mocking recovery and God!! Break of all my rights and confidentiality in the worst way I am in constant fear! Tossed out in the rain no money no shelter and all my belongings! Stolen property fear the fire pit built near gas a Covid outbreak and retaliation!

I agree with the last comment.I was just there and the care is substandard for those people that have medicaid.The treatment I received was definitely substandard.If I didnt want to stay clean I definitely would not of due to the lack of counseling and treatment I received there.Do not go there if you dont have private insurance...

Thank you for your review and I'm sorry your experience was not a good one. We strive to always get better and we have made many renovations to our main campus and improvements to our treatment. We have divided all of our residents by age and gender, and not payor, so commercial and public insurance residents receive the exact same treatment and facilities. All of our treatment is evidence-based and adheres to the standard of care for addiction treatment. We value the feedback and I would hope you would approve of the positive steps we have taken since you were with us.

I brought my so to this facility expecting strong positive results. He went into this facility coming from a week long bender of using and was not happy about being there so far from home (4 hours). I was assured they are used to dealing with kids with dual diagnosis and the program and staff were trained to work with youths. I am sad to say he was there 5 days before I was called to pick him up for not complying with the program. He went in at dinner time on a Thursday night and I was picking him up Tuesday after the holiday weekend. He wasn't even able to have treatment with the regular program during the week since he was only there for one regular business day and it was a holiday weekend. Tuesday he was still going through withdrawal and vomiting and when he was asked to participate with morning group he said he wasn't feeling well still. They had him secluded to his bedroom and he was never sent to see a doctor. They told me I could not speak to him and needed to pick him up. As you can imagine the 4 hour drive to pick him up was very upsetting. I was greatly concerned for his health and the ability of the staff to care for him. After picking him up and having him seen by a doctor he was prescribed medication for his stomach due to the acids from the drugs he had been on. This center was NOT able to care for my child in any way. Over the weekend I had a staff member call and he was swearing while discussing an incident that occurred with another child in the facility. The following day a woman had called for some information and she told me my son was doing well, so I was quite shocked when I was called abruptly on Tuesday to come and pick him up and not even be able to talk with him. I would never take anyone here to this program. II feel the staff lack training and the ability to defuse and control adverse situations. They would rather dismiss your child as opposed to working with these kids who are obviously there for help, some more willing then others. My son should have received medical attention while he was there and maybe he wouldn't have been too sick to participate in group. They did not allow his body to heal from the binge he had been on and instead wanted to force him to sit with a group while vomiting! When I picked him up there was no one there to discuss the situation further or what occurred. The basically handed us the discharge papers and said sign here, goodbye!!

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Pana Health

Pana Health is an integrative medicine and naturopathy telehealth practice in East Aurora, New York, and Harrisonburg, Virginia. They offer a holistic approach to health, treating the whole patient, not just symptoms and diseases.… read more

in Health Coach, Nutritionists, Naturopathic/holistic

Barry Losasso, MD

Dr. Barry E. LoSasso is a board-certified pediatric surgeon specializing in treating Pectus Excavatum and performing the Nuss Procedure. The Nuss procedure is used to treat children (and adults) with pectus excavatum, a condition… read more

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Perspective

When pto stands for 'pretend time off': doctors struggle to take real breaks.

Mara Gordon

A survey shows that doctors have trouble taking full vacations from their high-stress jobs. Even when they do, they often still do work on their time off. Wolfgang Kaehler/LightRocket via Getty Images hide caption

A survey shows that doctors have trouble taking full vacations from their high-stress jobs. Even when they do, they often still do work on their time off.

A few weeks ago, I took a vacation with my family. We went hiking in the national parks of southern Utah, and I was blissfully disconnected from work.

I'm a family physician, so taking a break from my job meant not seeing patients. It also meant not responding to patients' messages or checking my work email. For a full week, I was free.

Taking a real break — with no sneaky computer time to bang out a few prescription refill requests — left me feeling reenergized and ready to take care of my patients when I returned.

But apparently, being a doctor who doesn't work on vacation puts me squarely in the minority of U.S. physicians.

Research published in JAMA Network Open this year set out to quantify exactly how doctors use their vacation time — and what the implications might be for a health care workforce plagued by burnout, dissatisfaction and doctors who are thinking about leaving medicine.

"There is a strong business case for supporting taking real vacation," says Dr. Christine Sinsky , the lead author of the paper. "Burnout is incredibly expensive for organizations."

Shots - Health News

Health workers know what good care is. pandemic burnout is getting in the way.

Researchers surveyed 3,024 doctors, part of an American Medical Association cohort designed to represent the American physician workforce. They found that 59.6% of American physicians took 15 days of vacation or less per year. That's a little more than the average American: Most workers who have been at a job for a year or more get between 10 and 14 days of paid vacation time , according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

However, most doctors don't take real vacation. Over 70% of doctors surveyed said they worked on a typical vacation day.

"I have heard physicians refer to PTO as 'pretend time off,'" Sinsky says, referring to the acronym for "paid time off."

Sinsky and co-authors found that physicians who took more than three weeks of vacation a year had lower rates of burnout than those who took less, since vacation time is linked to well-being and job satisfaction .

And all those doctors toiling away on vacation, sitting poolside with their laptops? Sinsky argues it has serious consequences for health care.

Physician burnout is linked to high job turnover and excess health care costs , among other problems.

Still, it can be hard to change the culture of workaholism in medicine. Even the study authors confessed that they, too, worked on vacation.

"I remember when one of our first well-being papers was published," says Dr. Colin West , a co-author of the new study and a health care workforce researcher at the Mayo Clinic. "I responded to the revisions up at the family cabin in northern Minnesota on vacation."

Sinsky agreed. "I do not take all my vacation, which I recognize as a delicious irony of the whole thing," she says.

She's the American Medical Association's vice president of professional satisfaction. If she can't take a real vacation, is there any hope for the rest of us?

I interviewed a half dozen fellow physicians and chatted off the record with many friends and colleagues to get a sense of why it feels so hard to give ourselves a break. Here, I offer a few theories about why doctors are so terrible at taking time off.

We don't want to make more work for our colleagues

The authors of the study in JAMA Network Open didn't explore exactly what type of work doctors did on vacation, but the physicians I spoke to had some ideas.

"If I am not doing anything, I will triage my email a little bit," says Jocelyn Fitzgerald , a urogynecologist at the University of Pittsburgh who was not involved in the study. "I also find that certain high-priority virtual meetings sometimes find their way into my vacations."

Even if doctors aren't scheduled to see patients, there's almost always plenty of work to be done: dealing with emergencies, medication refills, paperwork. For many of us, the electronic medical record (EMR) is an unrelenting taskmaster , delivering a near-constant flow of bureaucratic to-dos.

When I go on vacation, my fellow primary care doctors handle that work for me, and I do the same for them.

But it can sometimes feel like a lot to ask, especially when colleagues are doing that work on top of their normal workload.

"You end up putting people in kind of a sticky situation, asking for favors, and they [feel they] need to pay it back," says Jay-Sheree Allen , a family physician and fellow in preventive medicine at the Mayo Clinic.

She says her practice has a "doctor of the day" who covers all urgent calls and messages, which helps reduce some of the guilt she feels about taking time off.

Still, non-urgent tasks are left for her to complete when she gets back. She says she usually logs in to the EMR when she's on vacation so the tasks don't pile up upon her return. If she doesn't, Allen estimates there will be about eight hours of paperwork awaiting her after a week or so of vacation.

"My strategy, I absolutely do not recommend," Allen says. But "I would prefer that than coming back to the total storm."

We have too little flexibility about when we take vacation

Lawren Wooten , a resident physician in pediatrics at the University of California San Francisco, says she takes 100% of her vacation time. But there are a lot of stipulations about exactly how she uses it.

She has to take it in two-week blocks — "that's a long time at once," she says — and it's hard to change the schedule once her chief residents assign her dates.

"Sometimes I wish I had vacation in the middle of two really emotionally challenging rotations like an ICU rotation and an oncology rotation," she says, referring to the intensive care unit. "We don't really get to control our schedules at this point in our careers."

Once Wooten finishes residency and becomes an attending physician, it's likely she'll have more autonomy over her vacation time — but not necessarily all that much more.

"We generally have to know when our vacations are far in advance because patients schedule with us far in advance," says Fitzgerald, the gynecologist.

Taking vacation means giving up potential pay

Many physicians are paid based on the number of patients they see or procedures they complete. If they take time off work, they make less money.

"Vacation is money off your table," says West, the physician well-being researcher. "People have a hard time stepping off of the treadmill."

A 2022 research brief from the American Medical Association estimated that over 55% of U.S. physicians were paid at least in part based on "productivity," as opposed to earning a flat amount regardless of patient volume. That means the more patients doctors cram into their schedules, the more money they make. Going on vacation could decrease their take-home pay.

But West says it's important to weigh the financial benefits of skipping vacation against the risk of burnout from working too much.

Physician burnout is linked not only to excess health care costs but also to higher rates of medical errors. In one large survey of American surgeons , for example, surgeons experiencing burnout were more likely to report being involved in a major medical error. (It's unclear to what extent the burnout caused the errors or the errors caused the burnout, however.)

Doctors think they're the only one who can do their jobs

When I go on vacation, my colleagues see my patients for me. I work in a small office, so I know the other doctors well and I trust that my patients are in good hands when I'm away.

Doctors have their own diagnosis: 'Moral distress' from an inhumane health system

But ceding that control to colleagues might be difficult for some doctors, especially when it comes to challenging patients or big research projects.

"I think we need to learn to be better at trusting our colleagues," says Adi Shah , an infectious disease doctor at the Mayo Clinic. "You don't have to micromanage every slide on the PowerPoint — it's OK."

West, the well-being researcher, says health care is moving toward a team-based model and away from a culture where an individual doctor is responsible for everything. Still, he adds, it can be hard for some doctors to accept help.

"You can be a neurosurgeon, you're supposed to go on vacation tomorrow and you operate on a patient. And there are complications or risk of complications, and you're the one who has the relationship with that family," West says. "It is really, really hard for us to say ... 'You're in great hands with the rest of my team.'"

What doctors need, says West, is "a little bit less of the God complex."

We don't have any interests other than medicine

Shah, the infectious disease doctor, frequently posts tongue-in-cheek memes on X (formerly known as Twitter) about the culture of medicine. Unplugging during vacation is one of his favorite topics, despite his struggles to follow his own advice.

His recommendation to doctors is to get a hobby, so we can find something better to do than work all the time.

"Stop taking yourself too seriously," he says. Shah argues that medical training is so busy that many physicians neglect to develop any interests other than medicine. When fully trained doctors are finally finished with their education, he says, they're at a loss for what to do with their newfound freedom.

Since completing his training a few years ago, Shah has committed himself to new hobbies, such as salsa dancing. He has plans to go to a kite festival next year.

Shah has also prioritized making the long trip from Minnesota to see his family in India at least twice a year — a journey that requires significant time off work. He has a trip there planned this month.

"This is the first time in 11 years I'm making it to India in summer so that I can have a mango in May," the peak season for the fruit, Shah says.

Wooten, the pediatrician, agrees. She works hard to develop a full life outside her career.

"Throughout our secondary and medical education, I believe we've really been indoctrinated into putting institutions above ourselves," Wooten adds. "It takes work to overcome that."

Mara Gordon is a family physician in Camden, N.J., and a contributor to NPR. She's on X as @MaraGordonMD .

• American Medical Association

One of the budget papers will be all about women. Here's what you need to know

For the fourth consecutive year, the pile of budget papers deposited on the desks of journalists this afternoon will contain a booklet dedicated exclusively to women.

Inflation is making everything more expensive, including  essentials women can't avoid buying.

On top of that, on average women are  earning less than a man in the same sector and doing more of the work that they don't get paid for at home too.

And that's before you get to facing an increased risk of violence  and chronic shortages of essential products women need.

For women of colour, those with disabilities or from low-income backgrounds, these problems are even greater.

The booklet will detail how the government plans to improve their lives and how particular measures will help 51 per cent of the country's population.

But how much of a difference will that actually make to most women? And what do we know about what's already inside?

Shout-out to the ladies

The Women's Budget Statement, first introduced in the 1980s by the Hawke government, was a longtime fixture of budget day. It was then stopped by the Abbott government, resumed in the last years of the Morrison government, and has been a consistent feature under the Albanese government.

Most budget measures are not specific to women, so the women's budget statement is often used as a place for the government to spruik the ones that stand out as benefiting them, or to reframe general policies in terms of their benefit to women.

For example, the first item mentioned by Treasurer Jim Chalmers in a Mother's Day message about the women's statement was "a bigger tax cut for more than 90 per cent of women", a cut which also applies to men.

But the Albanese government has also used the statements to highlight targeted changes to address economic gender equality.

Super on paid parental leave

As first announced on International Women's Day, the government will pay superannuation on the publicly funded Paid Parental Leave (PPL) scheme starting in the 2025-26 financial year.

That's a proposal the government says will help close the gender gap in retirement incomes, since the vast majority of the 180,000 who receive the payment every year are women.

Labor first promised the move at the 2019 election, then ditched it at the 2022 election owing to its cost. Previous modelling suggested it would cost about $200 million a year, but the government confirmed on Sunday it would cost $623.1 million a year.

That's in part because the government is in the process of increasing the number of weeks that can be accessed under the scheme, up to 26 by 2026. There will also be incentives for parents to share more leave.

Higher wages in aged care and child care

The budget will also provision a "multi-billion-dollar" amount for higher wages in two female-dominated workforces, aged care and child care.

In both cases, its hand has been forced by the Fair Work Commission (FWC), which approved a pay rise for aged care workers in 2023 and is expected to do the same for childcare workers in June. The government supported both cases before the FWC.

Other female-dominated workforces will get support targeted at the trainee level through the introduction of paid placements in teaching, nursing, midwifery and social work courses, each to the value of $319.50 a week and benefiting an estimated 73,000 students.

But Students Against Placement Poverty has criticised the measure as insufficient, saying the commitment amounts to about $8 an hour for a full work week, and many students will miss out because it's means-tested.

Beyond that, the government has pointed to a range of general measures which will disproportionately benefit women, such as the decision to reduce indexation of HELP debts and other student loans, since 58.5 per cent of outstanding debt is held by women.

Endometriosis funding

The government has already announced that longer specialist consultations for women with endometriosis and other complex gynaecological conditions such as chronic pelvic pain and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) will now be covered under Medicare from July next year.

Two new rebates will be added to the Medicare Benefits Schedule, enabling extended consultation times and increased rebates for specialist care.

The $49.1 million investment is expected to provide about 430,000 more services to women across the country.

Including this new funding, the federal government has committed a total of $107 million in endometriosis support for women since coming to government, including by establishing endometriosis and pelvic pain clinics across the country and providing funding for research and awareness.

They've also flagged a scholarship fund to encourage nurses and midwives to get a higher qualification so they have the power to prescribe, order pathology and give their patients referrals.

The Primary Care Nursing and Midwifery Scholarship Program will run for four years, costing the government $50 million.

In May 2023, a Senate inquiry found women around Australia were facing major challenges to accessing abortion, contraception, pregnancy and birth care.

Health Minister Mark Butler and Assistant Health Minister Ged Kearney said a recent Senate inquiry into access to reproductive and sexual healthcare would help inform how those commitments would be reached.

The government's response to the report's recommendations is now nearly a year overdue.

Violence against women and their children

The government has promised additional measures to support women's safety, building on the already-announced $915 million over five years to make permanent a trial program which has seen women fleeing violence paid up to $5,000 in financial support.

But this has been heavily criticised as not going far enough to protect some of those most vulnerable to violence because it only covers violence by an intimate partner — not a carer or family member.

Women with disabilities say they're being left behind , while the federal government says they should approach Centrelink or the NDIS  if they're being abused by a carer.

And Social Services Minister Amanda Rishworth has said the government has no plans to expand that eligibility.

Treasurer Jim Chalmers has also said there will be "additional steps" on welfare payments, the level of which is often identified as a barrier to women seeking to leave violent relationships.

But it's not clear whether this will include an increase to the JobSeeker unemployment benefit or the Single Parenting Payment.

Instead, the government has hinted it is likely to increase the more narrowly available Commonwealth Rent Assistance payment.

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Guest Essay

Biden Can Do Something at the Debates That Trump Never Could

By Patti Davis

Ms. Davis is the author of “Dear Mom and Dad: A Letter About Family, Memory and the America We Once Knew.”

In 1960, I sat on the living room floor in front of a black-and-white television and watched one of the presidential debates between Richard Nixon and John F. Kennedy. It wasn’t my preferred programming, but my parents were watching it and communicated to me that this was sort of a homework assignment, as in, “this is how democracy works.” I was nearly 8. I remember fidgeting with the shag carpet, wondering how long this was going to go on, yet also taking in the fact that the two men on the screen opposed each other, probably didn’t like each other, but were being unfailingly polite in their disagreements. My takeaway was: This is how adults are supposed to behave.

Twenty years later, in 1980, I watched my father, Ronald Reagan, debate Jimmy Carter. There was the moment when then President Carter decisively (but politely) criticized my father for his opposition to Medicare. My father smiled, cocked his head and said, “There you go again.” He went on to explain that though he had opposed one bill, he had favored another that he thought would have offered better health care. What was memorable was the way he did it — without anger, without sarcasm or meanness, but instead with humor. Shrugging off the criticism and gently, easily setting the record straight came across as a stark contrast to Mr. Carter’s solemn demeanor. In that moment, I think, he won the debate, showing Americans, some of whom had questions about his temperament, that he was unflappable.

Cut to 2000, when George W. Bush and Al Gore debated. There was a moment in the third debate when Mr. Bush was speaking and Mr. Gore crossed the stage and got way too close to his opponent. Mr. Gore basically invaded his space, but Mr. Bush just turned, gave him a friendly nod of his head and smiled. He may as well have said, “Howdy.” Mr. Gore may have scored more points on substance, but people remembered that moment. They remembered the guy who exuded a coolheaded likability in the tense environment of a debate.

Many of us still recall when people in the political arena were expected to meet a base-line level of dignity, when candidates presented themselves as adults who understood the value of civility — because, they thought and we all generally believed, that’s what voters wanted and expected. But sadly, there are more and more Americans who regard maturity, sportsmanship and most of all civility in politics as elitist, phony hallmarks of an establishment that doesn’t talk or act like regular people. As a result, some politicians think of campaigning as another version of an M.M.A. fight. There was a time when presidents gave State of the Union addresses without being heckled by the elected representatives sitting in the audience. There was a time when candidates debated one another without interrupting and insulting. There was a time when Republican presidents and Democratic speakers of the House spoke to one another like Americans in the same boat together and tried to solve problems in a give-and-take. Seems like a long time ago, doesn’t it?

It’s true that not everything in the past was clean and respectful. Politics has always involved some insults and name-calling. But there was a huge change in 2016. Donald Trump pulled the cork out of the bottle, made cruelty mainstream and was rewarded for it. A disabled reporter was mocked; Republican rivals (and their relatives ) were smeared; crowds of people, when Hillary Clinton’s name was invoked, chanted, “Lock her up!” And the man who gave permission for all of it was sworn in as president.

So who are we as a country? Do we revere democratic principles and know that in order to uphold those principles, civil discourse is vital? Or have we become so enamored of down-and-dirty fighting that we can’t seem to get out of the mud pit?

President Biden has an opportunity to reclaim what was once a prominent characteristic of American politics in his upcoming debates with Donald Trump, but he isn’t off to a great start. His invitation to debate included the sarcastic taunt “ Well, make my day, pal .” Hearing a president imitate Clint Eastwood rubbed me the wrong way. Later I realized my father had used that line, too. It wasn’t his finest moment, either.

So how about standing on a ledge above the mud pit? Mr. Biden is effusive in his optimism about America and all this country is and can be. He has a chance to set an example for the nation. Obviously, Mr. Trump is not going to be civil on the debate stage. He doesn’t know how. But the president of the United States should refuse to be baited into sloshing around in mud, too. How hard can it be to rise above a man who just recently praised “the late, great Hannibal Lecter” as though he were a real — and admirable — person? It shouldn’t be that difficult to ignore Mr. Trump’s taunts, his insults, his interruptions, and choose dignity instead. If Mr. Biden has one overarching goal in his debate with Mr. Trump next month, it’s to remind voters that he is and will be the adult in the room, and that he will preserve the country’s dignity.

Because civility in this country is plummeting, on the streets, in businesses, on social media and pretty much everywhere else. Wouldn’t it be helpful if the person holding the highest office in the land gave us a concrete example of what it means to comport ourselves with dignity and restraint?

Patti Davis is the author of “Dear Mom and Dad: A Letter About Family, Memory and the America We Once Knew.”

The Times is committed to publishing a diversity of letters to the editor. We’d like to hear what you think about this or any of our articles. Here are some tips . And here’s our email: [email protected] .

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