she does her homework meaning

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Grammar: When to Use Do, Does, and Did

3-minute read

• 12th August 2022

Verbs are essential to creating complete sentences, as they help us express physical actions ( She jumped in the puddle) , mental actions ( He thought about puppies) , and states of being ( I am hungry) .

There are several types of verbs that can each be written in different tenses, so they can be tricky to work with, especially if English isn’t your first language . We’ve put together a guide to help you use one of the most common verbs, do , in your writing . Read on below to learn more!

Action Verbs

As the name suggests, action verbs are used to express actions completed by the subject of a sentence. The base verb do is conjugated according to the tense:

1. Present Tense

In the present tense, do takes the form do or does, depending on the subject:

Consider the following examples:

We do our homework every night.

   She does her homework every night.

2. Past Tense

In the simple past tense , the base verb do takes the form did with all subjects:

   We did our homework last night.

   She did her homework last night.

Auxiliary Verbs

Auxiliary , or helping verbs, are used with another base verb to create negative sentences, questions, or add emphasis. Here’s how do should be used as an auxiliary verb:

1. Negative Sentences

Following the same subject–verb pairings introduced above, we combine the auxiliaries do , does , and did with the adverb not to create negative sentences:

   We do not do our homework every night.

   She did not do her homework last night.

Note that we can combine the auxiliary and the adverb to create the contractions don’t , doesn’t , and didn’t . You simply remove the space between the two words and replace the letter o in not with an apostrophe (’).

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Contractions are more common in conversations and informal writing and typically shouldn’t be used in formal writing (e.g., academic or business).

2. Questions

To create questions, the auxiliary is combined with the infinitive of another verb in this way: auxiliary verb + subject + infinitive verb .

●  Simple present questions:

Do they sell children’s books?

Does he speak English?

Note that the third person verb speaks isn’t spelled with the s when paired with the auxiliary to form a question.

●  Simple past questions:

Did you buy anything at the bookstore?

Did he learn how to speak English?

Note that did indicates the past tense, so the main verbs don’t also take the past tense (i.e., bought and learned ).

3. Emphasis

In positive sentences, we can also combine the auxiliaries do , does , and did with the main verb to emphasize that something is true:

   We do sell children’s books.

   He did learn to speak English.

Try saying these sentences aloud and adding emphasis to the auxiliary terms with your tone. It adds a dramatic effect!

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Hopefully, this guide will help you feel more confident when using different forms of the verb do in your writing. If you’re still learning or want to be sure your work is error-free, our editors are ready to help. You can upload a free trial document today to learn more!

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Continuous Tenses and Meaning Quiz

You can do this grammar quiz online or print it on paper. It tests what you learned on the Continuous Tenses and Meaning page.

1. I told my teacher that I _________ what she said.

2. I ________ the number 12 bus just down the road.

3. At the moment Maria ________ her homework, as she does every day.

4. The baby ________ 21 inches long.

5. Please be quiet. I ________ to the radio.

6. Everything on the menu ________ delicious.

7. Why ________ so selfish about this?

8. Was he on time or was he ________ ?

9. He told the police he'd only had a small drink and was ________ not to drive too fast.

10. Is she always ________ with children and animals?

Your score is:

Correct answers:

“Do” vs. “Does”: How Do You Tell The Difference?

• Do Vs. Does
• Similar Verbs

Both do and does are present tense forms of the verb do . Which is the correct form to use depends on the subject of your sentence.

In this article, we’ll explain the difference between do and does , cover when and how to use each form, and provide examples of how they’re used in sentences.

⚡ Quick summary

Do is an irregular verb, which means that it has different forms depending on tense and the subject it’s being used with. Both do and does are used for the present tense. The form does is only used with third person singular subjects, such as the pronouns he , she , and it , as in She does yoga . The form do is used for all other subjects, including for first person ( I and we ) and second person pronouns ( you ) and the third person pronoun they (regardless of whether it’s singular or plural), as in I do yoga, but they do not . The past tense form of do is did , and the past participle form is done .

do vs. does  

The verb do is considered an irregular verb because its past tense and past participle are not formed by adding -ed or -d to the end of the base form as is the case in most verbs. In fact, do has a particularly unusual conjugation pattern compared to other verbs.

Here are the different forms of do :

• do: Base/infinitive; used for present tense except with third person singular subjects (other than the singular they , which uses do regardless of whether it’s singular or plural). Example: I do my homework as soon as I get home.
• does : Used for third person singular present tense (other than singular they ). Example: She does her homework as soon as she gets home.
• did : past tense Example: She did her homework as soon as she got home.
• done : past participle Example: She had done homework for three hours after she got home.
• doing : present participle and gerund Example: She is doing her homework.

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The forms do , does , and did are also used in the negative contractions don’t ( do not ), doesn’t ( does not ), and didn’t ( did not ).

For example:

• Don’t open the window.
• Luke doesn’t know how to cook.
• Fortunately, the flowers didn’t wither.

Verbs similar to do

The irregular verb do has a unique conjugation pattern. Some other irregular verbs that have an unusual conjugation pattern somewhat similar to do are go , be , and have .

To learn more about the forms of the verb be , check our guides to is vs. are , been vs. being , and has been vs. have been .

Examples of do , does , did , and done used in a sentence 

The only thing left to do is look at how we typically use the forms do , did , and does in sentences.

• I’ve never done yoga, and I’m not sure if they do, but I’m sure that he does.
• I remember what I did last time, but I’m not sure if I should do it again.
• She did everything she could to make sure it was done by the deadline.
• I can’t do even a fraction of the amazing things that my brother does on a regular basis.
• We did the vacuuming yesterday, the morning crew does the laundry on Fridays, and the night crew will do the floor waxing next month.

"Payed" or "paid"? Learning the difference won't cost you a thing.

Ways To Say

Synonym of the day

Do or Does: Which is Correct?

By: Author Dr. Patrick Capriola

Posted on Published: November 29, 2021

The verb “do” is among the most common English verbs, and like most verbs we use a lot, it’s irregular. “Do” and “does” are both forms of the verb “do” in the simple present, so which is correct, “do” or “does?”

When you talk about yourself, you should say, “I do” as in “I do the dishes,” not “I does the dishes.” Even though the verb “do” is irregular, it still follows the rule that a present tense verb, in the third-person singular, needs an “s” at the end. For example, “I eat” and “he eats.” Like other verbs, “do” gets an “s” in the third-person singular, but we spell it with “es” — “does.”

Let’s take a closer look at how “do” and “does” are different and when to use each one. We’ll also talk about how to make negative sentences and questions with “do” and “does,” and we’ll even check out some common phrasal verbs and expressions that use “do.”

Do Is a Verb: What Does It Mean?

“Do” and “does” are action verbs, and we use them to describe an activity in the present tense ( source ). Remember that we use the simple present tense to talk about habits or activities that happen consistently over time.

Is It “I Do” or “I Does”?

Say “I do” when you are talking about work or an activity you are performing yourself. Here are some examples:

• I always do my homework before dinner.
• I do the dishes after we eat.

You only need to use the word “does” when you use the third-person singular to talk about another person or thing ( source ). Look at these sentences:

• He always does his homework before dinner.
• She does the dishes after we eat.
• That car does well in the snow.

Can We Use “Do” with “I”?

As we’ve learned from the previous examples, you can use “do” with “I.” Bearing that in mind, which of these sentences is correct?

• I do all my chores on Saturday.
• I does all my chores on Saturday.

If you chose the first sentence, you’re correct! Remember, we need “do” when the subject is “I.”

Can We Use “Does” with “I”?

This also raises the question of whether we can use “does” with “I.” Simply put, no, you cannot use “does” with “I.” Consider the next examples. Which sentence is correct?

• I does it as many times as it takes.
• I do it as many times as it takes.

The second sentence is correct. Remember, the third-person singular is the only subject that uses “does.” You can say, “He does it as many times as it takes,” but you cannot say, “I does it as many times as it takes.”

“Does” and “Do” Chart

Here’s an easy chart to help you remember when to use “does” or “do.”

As you can see from the chart, you should always use “do” in the simple present tense when you are talking about anyone except he, she, or it. For those subjects, you need “does.”

Do or Does Singular

For proper subject-verb agreement, the singular subjects “I” and “you” need the word “do.” To describe how singular subjects “he,” “she,” or “it” complete an action, you will need to use the word “does.”

• I do my best.
• You do my hair exactly how I like it.
• She does everything with a smile.

Of course, if you are using someone’s name or the name of an “it,” you’ll also use “does.”

• Mr. Garcia does car repair from his shop.
• This printer also does color, as well as black and white.

Do or Does Plural

In contrast, for proper subject-verb agreement, you should use “do” with all plural subjects, like “we,” “they,” or the plural “you.”

• We do the laundry every week.
• They do their jobs well.
• You do your best all the time.
• They do volunteer work at the library. 

“Does” and “Do” Examples

Now you try! Look at these sentences and decide if you should use “do” or does.”

1.    Mr. and Mrs. Lee always _____ what they say.

2.    You guys ______ that project, and we can _____ this one. (you → plural)

3.    The horse ______ laps around the track.

4.    I _____ the sewing by hand.

5.    You and I ______ whatever we want.

6.    You _____ a good job when you cook. (you → singular)

7.   I _____my work from home now.

Here are the answers. How did you do?

1.   do

2.   do, do

3.   does

4.   do

5.   do

6.   do

7.   do

Using Do and Does With Various Sentence Structures

There are many different ways to use the verbs “do” and “does,” whether as main verbs or helping verbs. In this section, we’ll review the main applications for both.

Do and Does in a Positive Sentence for Emphasis

Occasionally, we can use “do” and “does” as helping verbs . However, this isn’t very common in positive sentences unless you want to give extra emphasis to the sentence’s main verb. You will still use “does” with the third-person singular and “do” with all other personal pronouns. 

Here are some examples of how either “do” or “does” can provide emphasis for your main verb:

• I do want to go ; please call me! (You do not think I want to go)
• He does like pickles on his sandwich. (You thought he did not like them.)
• Sally and Harry do want to get married; they just don’t know when.

Making Negative Sentences With Do and Does

We also use “do” and “does” as helping verbs in negative sentences if the main verb is not “be.” Just add the adverb “not” after the helping verb “do” or “does,” then use your main verb. You will still use “does” for “he,” “she,” and “it” and “do” for all other personal pronouns. Consider the following examples:

• I do not want to go .
• You do not need to help me.
• Marla does not eat meat.
• We do not exercise on Fridays.
• You (plural) do not use plastic forks.
• They do not think it will happen.

Any of these sentences are fine. However, it’s much more common to make a contraction with “not,” especially when you are speaking. Simply combine “do” or “does” with “not” into one word, and then replace the “o” in “not” with an apostrophe.

• I don’t want to go.
• You don’t need to help me.
• Marla doesn’t eat meat.
• We don’t exercise on Fridays.
• You don’t use plastic forks.
• They don’t think it will happen.

Making Questions With Do and Does

A very common way to ask questions in English is by using “do” and “does” as helping verbs. Use them when you are asking a question that needs a “yes” or “no” answer. 

The rule for when to use “do” and “does” is still the same. You need to use “does” with “he,” “she,” or “it” and “do” with “I” and all other personal pronouns ( source ). Here are some examples:

• Do you like chocolate ice cream?
• Does he need help?
• Do they make a lot of money?
• Do we have a meeting today?

The answer to all of these questions can be a simple yes or no. If you need a longer answer to a question, you can add a question word — who, what, where, when, why, how, which — before “do” or “does.”

• Why does he always arrive late?
• How do you spell that?
• What do I use to clean this?
• Who do they live with?

However, there are times you do not need to use “do” and “does” when you ask a question. We’ve already talked about one — when your main verb is a form of “be.” Here are two more:

• When your main verb is a compound verb, like “are going.”
• When you use a modal verb, like “can,” should,” have,” etc.

Making Negative Questions With “Do” and “Does”

To make negative questions, you should use the contractions “don’t” and “doesn’t.” It’s very rare to form a negative question by saying or spelling “do not” or “does not.” Instead, just put these contractions at the beginning of the sentence, before the subject. These questions only need a “yes” or “no” answer.

• Don’t I look pretty?
• Doesn’t that dog need a bath?
• Don’t we have a meeting today?

Do and Does Can Substitute for Other Verbs

If your listener knows what action you are talking about, you can also follow “do” and “does” with the pronoun “it.”

• We do it every week. (the laundry.)
• He never does it until the weekend. (his homework.)
• They do it with love. (their cooking)
• This machine does it better. (the function of the machine you are talking about)

Speaking of pronouns, be aware that it’s not a good idea to directly follow “do” or “does” with a pronoun that refers to a person, like “him,” “her,” or “us.” Sentences like that are either so casual that they sound uneducated, or they can refer in a derogatory way to activities that you wouldn’t talk about in normal conversation.

However, you can use possessive pronouns, like “my” and “her,” followed by a noun.

• I do her hair every morning.
• Does Mr. Smith do your yard three times a week?

Other Ways to Use Do and Does

You can also use “do” and “does” with indefinite pronouns like “everything” and “nothing” to talk about activities.

• I do everything around the house.
• She does nothing unless someone asks her.

And finally, you can use “do” and “does” with an adverb to describe how you performed that activity.

• Matthew does his homework quickly.

Pronouncing Do and Does

“Do” and “does” also have irregular pronunciation, but don’t worry! Once you learn how to say them, they are easy to remember. The following pronunciation guides use Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary ( source ) and IPA symbols to help you ( source ).

Some Useful Idioms and Phrasal Verbs With “Do”

Since we use “do” and “does” a lot, there are also many expressions and idioms that use these two words ( source ). Here are a few:

Do (someone) a favor → to do a kind or helpful act for someone:

• Molly, would you do me a favor and help me move these boxes?

Do business → to sell or buy from:

• That deal sounds good; can we do business?

Do you good → a good thing that will help you:

• Take this medicine; it does you good.

Do a number on → to hurt or harm someone or something:

• The puppy does a number on my shoes.

Do-over → a second try to accomplish a task that was previously unsuccessful:

• Can I have a do-over?

Do the trick → to produce the desired result:

• I fixed the picture frame with a nail; that should do the trick.

Do you read me → this is serious; it is important that you do as I say:

• Jonathan, do not play in the street. Do you read me?

How to Answer “How Are You Doing?”

Finally, what should you say when someone asks you, “How are you doing?” You can’t answer this with the present tense “I do.” Instead, you need to use the present continuous, as they did in their question. This article was written for strategiesforparents.com.

You might answer, “I’m doing well” or “I’m doing good.” Both are correct, but they mean different things. Check out this article on the difference between “doing well” and “doing good.”

Final Thoughts

Remember, you should use “does” for the third-person singular. Use “do” for all other personal pronouns, both singular and plural. This rule applies when you use “do” as an action verb, as well as when you use it as a helping verb.

The more you listen to native speakers and practice your own speaking, the more you will discover that using “do” and “does” correctly will soon become natural for you. 

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"she does homework" vs "she do homework"

Last Updated: March 30, 2024

• she does homework

This phrase is correct and commonly used in English.

• She does homework every evening.
• She does her homework diligently.
• Does she do her homework on time?
• Who does homework regularly?
• Why does she do her homework late?

Alternatives:

• she is doing homework
• she will do homework
• she did homework
• she has done homework
• she will be doing homework

she do homework

This phrase is incorrect. In English, the third person singular form of the verb 'do' requires the addition of 'does'.

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Meaning of do your homework in English

Do your homework.

• batten down the hatches idiom
• break someone in
• bug-out bag
• build (someone/something) up
• get/have your ducks in a row idiom
• gird your self idiom
• roll up your sleeves idiom
• set something up
• set the scene/stage idiom

Translations of do your homework

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She/Her Pronouns: What They Mean and When to Use Them

Ariane Resnick, CNC is a mental health writer, certified nutritionist, and wellness author who advocates for accessibility and inclusivity.

Dr. Monica Johnson is a clinical psychologist and owner of Kind Mind Psychology, a private practice in NYC specializing in evidence-based approaches to treating a wide range of mental health issues (e.g., depression, anxiety, trauma, and personality disorders). Additionally, she works with marginalized groups of people, including BIPOC, LGBTQ+, and alternative lifestyles, to manage minority stress.

Lillya Krueger / Getty Images

Why Are Pronouns Important?

• She/Her in Bios
• Gender Pronouns
• Asking for Someone's Pronouns
• What to Do If You Get Them Wrong

How to Learn More

She, her, and hers are gender-specific pronouns that are typically used to refer to women or girls. She/her pronouns may also be used by gender nonconforming , nonbinary , or gender expansive people.

The user of she/her/hers pronouns generally denotes that someone identifies as female or feminine without using their name. However, that isn't always the case, and sometimes people's pronouns shift. For example, a person whose gender identity is fluid may use she/her pronouns at some times but not others.

The pronouns of she and her are believed to have originated in the 12th century. Prior to that, the pronunciation of gendered pronouns was very similar, and they could be indistinguishable from one another.

Pronoun usage may feel important or unimportant to you personally, but on the whole, they are an important matter. That's because by using someone's correct pronouns, you validate their identity, whereas by using the wrong pronouns for someone, you may invalidate it. Using incorrect pronouns for a person can feel harmful to them, and making an effort to learn a person's pronouns, rather than assuming them, ensures that you have a positive experience with someone rather than a negative one.

Pronoun usage can be especially important for people who are moving through a transition of their gender. In this situation, the usage of their correct pronoun can help them be more comfortable in their transition, whereas the use of an incorrect pronoun could lead to them feeling upset or hurt.

It has been proven that trans people who experience validation in their transition have better mental health outcomes than those who face strife and discrimination.

Multiple studies have shown that correct pronoun usage leads to feelings of one's gender being affirmed. This, in turn, leads to an improved sense of well-being.

Who Would Use She/Her Pronouns?

The pronouns she, her, and hers are mostly commonly used by women and girls. However, anyone may use she/her pronouns if they feel that those pronouns best suit their identity. People who are nonbinary, gender fluid, gender nonconforming, gender expansive, genderqueer , or other identity may also use she/her pronouns if those pronouns fit their identity best at that time.

What Does It Mean When Someone Puts She/Her in Their Bio?

If a person notes their pronouns in their bio, then those are the pronouns you should use for them. Their mention of it means that they are giving you the information needed to refer to them in the third person. While it used to be a less common practice, sharing one's pronouns has become very commonplace in recent years. There are a couple of reasons for this.

First, providing your pronouns publicly takes the guesswork out of someone having to ask you about them. It provides all the information needed to know how to refer to someone without asking them. Additionally, it helps normalize the practice for people whose pronouns may not be perceived as synonymous with their looks.

By making it a habitual part of getting to know someone, we normalize the sharing of pronouns and take the pressure off of the people who may feel awkward about sharing their own.

Social media and dating apps are two common places where pronoun use is something you can add to your bio. Doing this is considered a smart move for the reason above.

What Are the Four Gender Pronouns?

Some pronouns are gendered, and some are not. The gendered pronouns are she/her and he/him. These denote that someone identifies with the feminine or masculine side, at least at that time.

Some pronouns are not gendered. They/them can be used for anyone when you do not know their pronouns, and those pronouns are also used by people for whom they fit best. Neopronouns, which include ze/zir and ne/nir, are also not gendered.

How to Ask Someone What Their Pronouns Are

There's no need to overthink it: If you want to know someone's pronouns, just ask. The best way to do that is by saying, "What are your pronouns?" or "What pronouns do you use?"

It's best to avoid the word "preferred" when asking someone what their pronouns are. That's because our identities aren't choices. We don't choose to be cisgender or transgender any more than we choose to be Black or Latinx. By omitting this word from your question, you are displaying that you understand someone's identity as a real thing versus an idea they came up with.

What to Do If You Get Pronouns Wrong

Sometimes people's pronouns are what you expect them to be, such as when a person uses she/her pronouns and presents in a way we associate with women or standard femininity. Other times, though, someone's pronouns may differ from what you'd expect. If someone has she/her pronouns and you accidentally call them by different pronouns, you should correct your mistake.

Collaborate Consulting  uses an acronym to help people learn about what to do when you accidentally use the wrong pronouns for someone.

A.C.M. Method

If you have made a mistake about someone's pronouns:

• Apologize briefly
• Correct your mistake

That's it! Nothing more is needed.

Even though she/her pronouns are common to our culture and have been for a long time, we're still learning about pronoun usage, and it is an ever-evolving part of our society. For anyone wanting to understand pronoun use better, there are educational materials about them that are suited for everyone, from children to adults. " What's Your Pronoun? Beyond He and She " delves into the history of pronoun use, language, and gender and is suitable for adults and older readers. " Us: An Intro to Pronouns " is for younger readers and aims to be an inclusive read for LGBTQIA+ youth.

If you have a child who is showing signs of gender expansiveness, it's wise to check in with them about their pronouns. Here are other steps you can take to affirm your child's expansive identity.

Gender pronouns | lgbtq+ resource center [Internet]. [cited 2023 Feb 7].

Restar A, Jin H, Breslow A, Reisner SL, Mimiaga M, Cahill S, et al. Legal gender marker and name change is associated with lower negative emotional response to gender-based mistreatment and improve mental health outcomes among trans populations. SSM Popul Health. 2020 May 11;11:100595.

Sevelius JM, Chakravarty D, Dilworth SE, Rebchook G, Neilands TB. Gender affirmation through correct pronoun usage: development and validation of the transgender women’s importance of pronouns (Tw-ip) scale. Int J Environ Res Public Health . 2020 Dec;17(24):9525.

By Ariane Resnick, CNC Ariane Resnick, CNC is a mental health writer, certified nutritionist, and wellness author who advocates for accessibility and inclusivity.

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Has she been doing her homework yet? Questions with past perfect continuous and "yet"?

• Thread starter jeune linguiste
• Start date Nov 21, 2011

jeune linguiste

Senior member.

• Nov 21, 2011

Greetings, I've got questions and I’d like your help on how to solve them. We are currently learning about the Present Perfect (Continuous) Tense and during class a classmate asked the professor how to translate a sentence. The professor then translated the sentence as “Has she been doing her homework yet?” The meaning we are trying to have here is that she has been doing her homework and she’s still doing it even now. Now I’d like to ask if it’s possible to use YET in PPC. I personally think it is wrong both technically and grammatically, and I would use Present Perfect "Is she still doing her homework?" or just “Has she been doing her homework?” My professor said she would investigate more about it. So she asked her friend that studied in America. That friend told her that it’s not a problem to use ‘yet’ in PPC and that maybe people don’t use it in everyday conversations but it’s not grammatically wrong. So, is it fine to use ‘yet’ even though it’s never been mentioned/used in PPC? Thank you in advance.  

Linguo IS Dead

"Has she been doing her homework yet?" doesn't make sense to me. The problem is that "yet" refers to a completed action. If you want to talk about ongoing action, you use "still". I'd think you mean either: "Has she started yet?" or "Is she still doing her homework?" From your description, it looks like you want to say both things: She started her homework at some point in the past, and now, in the present, she is still doing her homework. In other words, she started at 7:00, kept working, and at 10:00 (now), she is still working. I might describe this situation a couple of ways: - If I want to ask whether she started or not, I would say, "Has she started her homework yet?" - If I know that she started, and want to emphasize the fact that she's taking a long time, I would say, "Is she still doing her homework?", or "Has she been doing her homework this whole time?" - If I know that she started, and want to ask whether she finished or not, I would say, "Has she finished her homework yet?", or "Is she done with her homework yet?" But if you really want to ask both things: 1) whether she started and 2) whether she's still doing it, then you have to ask the question like that, in two parts: "Has she started doing her homework, and if so, is she still doing it?" Does this make sense?  

I completely agree with you. I'm also aware of the difference between still and yet in this case. I also told her in proper English I'd use either "Is she still doing her homework?" or "Has she been doing her homework?" But she insisted that 'yet' can be used and is, according to her friend, gramatically correct except not being used in everyday conversations. You've given me a very detailed reply with many circumstances. I'm very grateful for that.  

"yet" is sometimes used with continuous aspect. Examples: I haven't been swimming yet. We've not been shopping yet.  

Yes, it can be used with negative sentences like that but that wasn't what I was talking about. Thanks anyways.  

jeune linguiste said: Yes, it can be used with negative sentences like that but that wasn't what I was talking about. Thanks anyways. Click to expand...

Pertinax said: Your question was "I’d like to ask if it’s possible to use YET in PPC." It is also used in non-negative interrogative sentences: Have you been shopping yet? Click to expand...

jeune linguiste said: ... Also what is the difference between "Have you done your homework yet?" and "Have you been doing your homework yet?" Click to expand...

• Nov 22, 2011

I don't think it is correct to say "Has she been doing her homework yet." The example of Pertinax with "Has she been shopping yet" is some kind of false analogy because of the way "Been shopping" is used in English.. You wouldn't say 'Has she shopped yet?" It's almost like a fixed expression. I agree with everything Linguo said. If you really want to ask both questions together, I think you would have to say "Did she start her homework yet and if so has she finished it?"  

jeune linguiste said: English is so complicated. The other person says it's wrong while you say it's right even though both of your native languages are English. What should a foreigner, like me, do? Click to expand...

kalamazoo said: The example of Pertinax with "Has she been shopping yet" is some kind of false analogy because of the way "Been shopping" is used in English.. You wouldn't say 'Has she shopped yet?" It's almost like a fixed expression. Click to expand...

Enquiring Mind

This becomes more of a philosophical question, as grammar is just a codification of what native speakers find acceptable. We don't even know the "rules" half the time. In this case, I think we are pretty much all in agreement that we wouldn't say this. If we don't find it acceptable, then it is "ungrammatical" almost by definition. I think the main point would be that you are advised not to use this construction.  

I do not think that the construction can be considered ungrammatical, however unappealing the example above. Although uncommon, there are many examples on the internet, such as this cross-section from searching on "Have you been getting * yet?": Have you been getting ready for Christmas yet? http://www.sewinginthepast.com/2010_11_01_archive.html Have you been getting much feedback yet? http://fileslinger.com/category/online-backup/ Have you been getting enough sleep yet? http://www.myspace.com/NikLover7/comments Have you been getting much press coverage in Europe yet? http://freakangels.com/whitechapel/comments.php?DiscussionID=7899 In many cases, "started" sounds better to me than "been". But "started" does not work well in all cases, e.g. the last two examples above.  

Thank you all for sharing your opinions. I see that there's a difference between grammar and its usage in everyday conversations, like in any other language.  

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Cultivate a culture of care at your company, gender pronouns at the workplace - what does she/her mean.

Using gender pronouns at the workplace is essential to creating a respectful and inclusive work environment. By using the correct pronouns (What Does She Her Mean) and being mindful of gender-inclusive language, we can show our coworkers that we value and respect their gender identity. This can help to foster a sense of belonging and inclusion, and it can help to create a positive and welcoming workplace.

What does She, Her Mean?

To understand what "she" and "her" mean in the context of gender pronouns, it's important first to understand the concept of gender identity. Simply put, gender identity is an individual's own sense of their gender, which may be different from the gender to which they were allotted at birth based on their physical anatomy. 

For example, an individual who was assigned male/man at birth but identifies as a woman/female may use the pronouns "she" and "her" to reflect their true gender identity.

What do you mean by Gender Pronouns?

Gender pronouns, such as "she" and "her," are words that people use to refer to someone based on their gender identity. These pronouns are often used to describe someone who identifies as a woman. Still, they can also be used by personnel who do not conform to traditional gender identities and roles.

Using the correct gender pronouns is vital because it shows respect for a person's gender identity. It can also help create a more inclusive and welcoming environment in the workplace. When the wrong pronoun consistently refers to someone, it can make them feel invalidated and marginalized.

So, what does "she" and "her" mean in the context of gender pronouns? 

These pronouns mentioned above refer to someone who identifies as a woman or who presents themselves in a way traditionally associated with femininity. For example, if someone's name is Sarah and they identify as a woman, you could use the pronouns "she" & "her" to refer to them.

It's important to note that not everyone who uses "she" and "her" pronouns identifies as a woman. 

Some non-binary and gender non-conforming individuals may also use these pronouns. It's important to respect an individual's gender identity and pronouns, even if they don't fit into traditional gender categories.

When it comes to using gender pronouns in the workplace, it's crucial to create a culture of respect and inclusivity. This means being mindful of your language and using the correct pronouns for everyone.

One way to move forward is to assign your pronouns in your email signature and social media profiles. This can help normalize the use of pronouns and let people know how you prefer to be referred to. You can also ask people for their pronouns when you meet them, and make sure to use them consistently.

It's also important to be an ally to those who may be struggling with their gender identity or who may be uncomfortable sharing their pronouns. If you hear someone being referred to with the wrong pronouns, gently correct the person and use the correct pronouns. This can help create a more inclusive and supportive environment for everyone.

So, how can we ensure we use the correct pronouns at the workplace? Here are some tips:

• Ask for pronouns. It's okay to ask someone for their pronouns, especially if you're unsure or if you're meeting someone for the first time. This shows that you're open to learning and that you're respectful of their identity.
• Use pronouns consistently. Once you know someone's pronouns, make sure to use them consistently. This means using them in all interactions, whether you're talking to the individual directly or mentioning them to someone else.
• Correct mistakes. If you accidentally use the wrong pronouns, don't panic. Just apologize and correct yourself. This shows that you're aware of the mistake and that you're committed to using the correct pronouns.
• Use gender-inclusive language. In addition to using the correct pronouns, it's also essential to use gender-inclusive language in general. This means avoiding gendered terms like "ladies and gentlemen" and instead using neutral terms like "everyone" or "colleagues."

What are the Benefits of Gender Diversity and Gender Pronouns in the Modern Workspace?

• Improved team dynamics: A diverse team with a range of genders and gender identities can bring different perspectives and experiences to the table, leading to more creative and effective solutions to problems.
• Improved communication and understanding among team members: By recognizing and using the correct gender pronouns, individuals can show respect and support for their colleagues' gender identities. This can foster a more inclusive and supportive work environment, leading to better communication and understanding among team members.
• Increased inclusivity and respect: Using gender pronouns can help create a more inclusive and respectful environment for all employees, regardless of their gender identity.
• Better representation and appeal to a wider customer base: A diverse workplace can better reflect and understand the needs of a diverse customer base, leading to improved customer satisfaction and increased business success.
• Increased productivity and creativity: A diverse and inclusive workplace can lead to a more collaborative and innovative environment. By creating a space where your workforce feels valued and respected, organizations can tap into the unique perspectives and experiences of individuals from different gender identities, leading to higher levels of productivity and creativity.
• Improved mental health and well-being: A supportive and inclusive work environment can reduce stress and improve mental health among team members. By recognizing and respecting the gender identities of all employees, organizations can create a safe and supportive space that promotes well-being and helps reduce the negative impact of discrimination and marginalization.
• Enhanced employee satisfaction and retention: Research has shown that employees who feel included and valued in their workplace are more likely to be happy with their job and stay with the company longer.
• Improved company reputation: Companies that are known for promoting diversity and inclusivity often have a better reputation in the market and can attract top talent.
• Legal compliance and protection: In most countries, discrimination due to the basis of gender identity is illegal. By promoting gender diversity and using gender pronouns correctly, organizations can ensure compliance with anti-discrimination laws and protect themselves from legal action.

In conclusion, using the correct gender pronouns is crucial to show respect for others and creating a more inclusive workplace. "She" and "her" are pronouns that refer to someone who identifies as a woman or who presents themselves in a traditionally feminine way. By being mindful of our language and consistently using the correct pronouns, we can create a more welcoming and supportive environment for all.

Q. How can an organization effectively train its employees on the importance and correct usage of gender pronouns to ensure compliance and foster an inclusive environment? ‍ A. Organizations can start with awareness sessions. These sessions explain gender identity basics. Interactive workshops follow, where employees engage in role-plays. They learn how to ask for and use pronouns respectfully. Regular reminders through emails and posters keep the conversation alive. Feedback loops help gauge understanding and improve strategies. This approach ensures everyone feels respected and included. ‍

Q. What steps can be taken if an employee repeatedly uses incorrect pronouns for a colleague, despite being corrected? A. Initially, private conversations can address misunderstandings. If the behavior persists, it becomes a matter for HR. Policies should outline consequences for repeated disrespect. Training sessions might be mandated. In severe cases, disciplinary actions are necessary. This ensures a culture of respect and dignity for all. ‍

Q. Are there any legal consequences for not respecting an individual’s gender pronouns in the workplace, especially in contexts where gender identity is protected under anti-discrimination laws? A. In India, respecting gender pronouns aligns with the spirit of the Supreme Court's NALSA verdict. This verdict upholds transgender rights, including dignity and freedom from discrimination. While specific laws on pronouns are evolving, non-compliance can lead to legal challenges. It risks violating the spirit of inclusivity and equality. Companies must therefore prioritize respect for all gender identities to avoid legal and reputational damage.

Screen Rant

Why dove keeps seeing a wolf in bodkin (& what it means).

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Is Bodkin Based On A True Story?

Barack obama’s new follow-up to 73% rotten tomatoes hit from last year is now streaming on netflix, bodkin soundtrack guide: every song & when they play.

Warning: Spoilers for Netflix's Bodkin ahead

• Dove's childhood trauma ties back to her wolf sightings - a symbol of protection and her past pain resurfacing in Bodkin.
• The name of Dove's wolf, Faoladh, holds deep meaning rooted in Irish mythology as a protector of the wounded and lost.
• Dove's complex character in Bodkin is both protector and monster, struggling with vulnerability, loneliness, and her past trauma.

All throughout Netflix's Bodkin , Dove (Siobhán Cullen) keeps seeing a wolf everywhere she goes, and her sightings of the wolf and what they symbolize hold deep meaning for her in the series . The dark comedy crime story Bodkin follows a trio of people thrown together to do a podcast about a pair of mysterious disappearances that happened 20 years ago on Samhain Night in the small Irish town of Bodkin. Gilbert (Will Forte) is a down-on-his-luck podcaster who is desperate for another hit; Emmy (Robyn Cara) is a bright-eyed but insecure researcher, and Dove is a hard-nosed investigative journalist who senses there's more going on in the town than a long-dead cold case.

Everyone in Bodkin 's cast of characters has layers and secrets, but it's established early on that, while Gilbert is the one making the podcast, the story belongs to Dove all along . It's a bold choice for the writers to make considering Dove is a challenging character, downright unlikable at times. She is a fascinating character, though, full of prickles and contradictions. It's not until the ending of Bodkin that she shares the origins of the wolf, and it explains so much about her. Equally as important, it explains why she keeps seeing the wolf, and exactly what it means, both for the story and for Dove herself.

Netflix's crime mystery series Bodkin follows a group of American tourists in Ireland working on a true crime podcast led by Will Forte's Gilbert.

Why Dove Sees The Wolf In Bodkin

It ties back to her childhood trauma.

From the first episode of Bodkin , it's clear that Dove's abrasive personality and deep emotional damage are all tied up in her childhood trauma . In the penultimate episode, it's revealed that Dove's mother was a heroin addict and, unable to properly care for her daughter herself, dumped her at a convent to be raised by nuns. The only link Dove had to her mother was her stuffed animal, a wolf, which her mother told her was meant to protect her and keep her safe. Throughout Bodkin , the vision of the wolf pops up when Dove is feeling uncertain or unsure of herself – even, though she'd never admit it, times that she's potentially feeling afraid.

It's strange, then, that Dove always appears uneasy when she sees the wolf. However, there's a reason for this: she's not sure why she's suddenly started seeing it. Early in Bodkin episode 1, Dove makes it clear to her editor that she has no intention of ever going back to Ireland and that doing so will stir up many unpleasant memories for her, the unspoken part being that it will also stir up trauma. Dove's subconscious may have manifested the wolf not just as a protective talisman of sorts, but the wolf may also represent the long-dormant and repressed memories starting to resurface now that she's back on familiar soil. Most likely, it's both, which is why it makes Dove so disturbed when she sees it. She's simply not ready to deal with what it means.

The Real Meaning Of The Wolf's Name

It's pulled directly from irish mythology.

Dove disavowing any bit of cultural Irish superstition and mythology makes the reveal of her stuffed wolf toy's name all the more meaningful and poignant. Dove reveals to Mother Bernadette (Fionnula Flanagan) that her mother named the wolf Faoladh (pronounced FAY-lah), which translates to "werewolf" in Irish , with the faoladh 's root in Celtic folklore. In Irish legend, however, the faoladh wasn't the fearsome and bloodthirsty beast that most think of when they think of the word "werewolf."

While shapeshifters just like European werewolves, the faoladh were seen as protectors, not killers.

In fact, the faoladh of Irish folklore is very different than its terrifying European counterpart. While shapeshifters just like European werewolves, the faoladh were seen as protectors, not killers. They were said to be guardian spirits of a sort, protectors of the wounded and lost. In particular, and most pertinent to Dove's past, they were said to be the protectors of children. In a metaphorical way, Dove is all three of the things the faoladh protected: she has deep, unhealed wounds from her past; she's lost in life, and she is, deep down, still the child her own Faoladh wolf was assigned by her mother to protect all those years ago.

What Seeing The Wolf Says About Dove

Dove is a complicated person.

Throughout Bodkin , Dove proves herself to be a complicated and prickly person, and her feelings about herself are equally as complex and uncomfortable. While the faoladh is generally a benevolent creature in Irish folklore, the werewolf myth, in general, has darker connotations . Werewolves are shapeshifters, not what they appear on the surface. Dove is also not what she appears to be on the surface; she uses her rudeness and snarky condescension to push people away and hide the very wounded, vulnerable human being inside.

But the other connotation is also the normal human being who suddenly turns into a monster, and Dove is certainly capable of this, too. Her damage runs so deep in Bodkin that she's not just an annoyance to Gilbert and Emmy in making the podcast, she's an actual liability . Dove's aggressive, dogged nature has made her an excellent investigator. However, it goes too far in Bodkin and it makes the town's residents view her in a hostile manner. She either shows the wolf inside to keep people at arm's length, or she finds a way to ruin the relationships she built, such as with the town mortician, Mary.

Her damage runs so deep in Bodkin that she's not just an annoyance to Gilbert and Emmy in making the podcast, she's an actual liability.

Faoladh was meant to protect her from the world, but Dove let the world make her into her own kind of monster. The "curse" passed down from her mother – the constant hunger, as Dove calls it – manifested in Dove in the need to know the truth, no matter how monstrous she has to be to get it. But the other, deeper curse, the one she doesn't acknowledge, is that her fear of abandonment and being hurt have led her to a very lonely life . By the end of Bodkin , it's clear that the people around her think Dove is a monster, but Dove thinks she's a monster, too. Breaking the curse only happens when Dove accepts her damage and acknowledges that she needs people around her.

Bodkin (2024)

Bodkin is a Netflix original series starring Will Forte, Siobhán Cullen, and Robyn Cara. The series follows podcasters who set out to find the truth behind the disappearance of three strangers in a small town. But as they investigate, they discover the town is hiding a darker secret.

( ANGELA WEISS/AFP via Getty Images; Realtor.com )

Melinda French Gates Resigns From Her Foundation With Bill—Will She Leave Behind Real Estate, Too?

Melinda French Gates recently announced that she would be stepping down from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which she co-founded.

French Gates has been guiding the foundation for almost 25 years and has helped oversee almost $78 billion in grant payments.

“This is not a decision I came to lightly,” French Gates said in a statement posted on X. “I am immensely proud of the foundation that Bill and I built together and of the extraordinary work it is doing to address inequities around the world.”

The announcement comes nearly three years after French Gates and Microsoft founder Bill Gates  broke the news that they were divorcing in May 2021 after 27 years of marriage.

So what’s next for the billionaire philanthropist? Likely a lot more philanthropic work. For starters, French Gates will receive $12.5 billion “in resources to direct toward her philanthropic work,” according to the New York Times .

The separation from the foundation might also signal that the former couple might be splitting the various shared properties in their portfolio, too.

While it’s unclear exactly where these former spouses are living currently, they’ve apparently held on to many of their shared homes, and have reportedly sold just one: In April 2024, Gates accepted an offer on a midcentury modern home in Medina, WA , listed at $4,988,800.

So what might be the next shared property to go? Here’s a rundown of their other six homes.

Indian Wells, CA

Property No. 1 is located in a private club in the desert.

In 1999, Gates paid $12.5 million for a mansion in the ultraexclusive Vintage Club in  Indian Wells, CA . The upscale locale, known for its annual tennis tournament, is next to La Quinta , another desert hot spot for the ultrawealthy.

Gates’ estate on 1.33 acres in the guard-gated club is adjacent to a golf course designed by Tom Fazio .

The club in the Coachella Valley boasts that it is “one of the United States’ most prestigious and ultra-exclusive private country club communities.”

As Gates reportedly told his golf buddies about the divorce, saying he was in a “ loveless marriage ,” this property might stay with the family member who likes hitting the links.

Wellington, FL

The Gateses have a sweet property in the horsey haven of Wellington, FL . The couple bought a spread in the area in 2016 to support their daughter Jennifer , an equestrian who competes in amateur events. (Her husband, Nayel Nassar , is an Olympic equestrian rider.)

The property, which cost $13.5 million, is close to the Palm Beach International Equestrian Center.

The home has four bedroom suites, a 16-stall equestrian facility, plus a pool and spa. When the home was for sale, the listing noted it was within “walking distance to the Winter Equestrian Festival and Global Dressage Festival grounds.”

In May 2016, we reported that the couple bought two empty lots on the same street for $5 million. That brought the family property total in the guard-gated Mallet Hill community to six.

Who gets this property is a toss-up. Both Bill and Melinda are reportedly close to their daughter, who now has a baby daughter named Leila . Although Jennifer and her husband recently bought a home in New York City’s Tribeca neighborhood for $51 million, according to the New York Post , she still loves horses.

(Realtor.com)

Rancho Santa Fe, CA

Why have one equestrian estate when you can have two? The Gateses bought another horse-friendly estate in 2014 for $18 million (or a drop in the bucket for a multibillionaire).

Rancho Paseana totals 229 acres and was once owned by weight-loss guru Jenny Craig .

Craig and her husband, Sid Craig , owned the ranch and an  adjoining luxury estate for decades. The property hit the market in 2010, after Sid died.

At the time of purchase, the couple were keen to turn the compound into a horse jumping training facility for Jennifer.

“The family has enjoyed visiting the San Diego area with friends and family for many years, and has purchased the Rancho Paseana property in Rancho Santa Fe,” a spokesperson for the Gates family told  Forbes  at the time.

The pricey property is near the Del Mar Race Track and includes a main house, a racetrack, as well as four 30-stall barns, a fifth barn with 21 stalls, a veterinarian’s area, two staff apartments, and an olive orchard.

Maybe this property should just go to Jennifer?

Yellowstone Mountain Club in Big Sky, MT

The Gateses were also members of the very private community—only 864 members—of the Yellowstone Mountain Club near Big Sky, MT .

The ski club just north of Yellowstone National Park includes a members-only mountain, and perks include no lines at the ski lift, snack “comfort stations,” and powder reserved for the 1%.

Membership requires a $300,000 initiation fee, $36,000 a year in club dues, and annual property owners association dues of $10,000.

A noteworthy detail: Members have to purchase a home in the community, where prices start at $3 million for a condo and $5 million for a single-family home.

The ski-in, ski-out dwellings are surrounded by thousands of rolling acres, “10,000-foot peaks, world-class skiing, and blue-ribbon trout streams,” according to the community’s website .

In the warmer months, there’s an 18-hole golf course—on the mountain.

Along with the Gateses, other members of the private club reportedly include Google’s Eric Schmidt , Mark Zuckerberg , Justin Timberlake and  Jessica Biel , and Jennifer Lopez .

Who will get this property? Hard to say as it boasts loads of golf, horseback riding, and a business center, a pursuit neither ex-spouse seems keen to give up.

Margaret Heidenry is a writer living in Brooklyn, NY. Her work has appeared in the New York Times Magazine, Vanity Fair, and Boston Magazine.

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Nikki glaser recounts being called “some pretty awful things” during netflix’s tom brady roast.

Since Sunday, people have been praising the comedian for her jokes about the football legend.

By Christy Piña

Christy Piña

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Nikki Glaser has been praised for her set during Netflix’s Tom Brady roast, but it wasn’t all smiles for her.

The comedian stopped by Jimmy Kimmel Live! on Tuesday to promote her upcoming special, Someday You’ll Die . Before chatting about the HBO project, the late night host added to the compliments for Glaser, noting that she was “fantastic.”

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Inside the netflix upfront: a clear message, cameron diaz and lots of (earned) bragging, nikki glaser reacts to tom brady's roast regrets, says kim kardashian called experience "abuse".

The two went back and forth discussing if the host and comedian is also affected by some of the comments said during a roast, and he said he is a little bit sometimes. But he pointed out that Glaser gets the “dumbest” jokes about her, primarily focusing on her sex life, which seems “very outdated.”

“Yes, it does. It’s nice though because you go, ‘Oh, they’re not coming after anything else, and it’s just I’m one of the only women on here.’ In fact, I was one of two women on the day. Backstage, our room — literally everyone’s rooms have their names on them — ours just said ‘female’ on it. I literally think it was just the bathroom. Like they were just like, ‘Fine. Women.’ So, yeah, it was an intimidating thing to walk into.”

Glaser admitted she may have fed into the sex life comments a bit by “throwing myself” at Brady during the roast. Kimmel joked it’s hard not to do that with the football star, adding that he did it too when the former Patriots quarterback went on his show.

“It’s insane to look at,” she said of Brady. “He’s unreal. One of my jokes, I was gonna say he’s like AI but without the intelligence. I do think he’s smart though, so I pulled it at the last minute.”

She told the late-night host there were a few things she felt were off-limits for her coverage, like Kim Kardashian, who was also on hand to roast the athlete, and how he often kissed his children on the lips.

The Greatest Roast of All Time: Tom Brady is now streaming on Netflix .

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What could a Taylor Swift endorsement mean for voter turnout in the 2024 election?

The expected presidential rematch between two men ages 77 and 81 is a fight over many things: how to protect the border, foreign aid to Israel and Ukraine, abortion access. And now, the potential for a 34-year-old superstar’s endorsement.

Last fall, Taylor Swift encouraged her more than 270 million Instagram followers to register to vote, leading to a surge in registrations.

Now Swift’s political influence is getting renewed attention amid a freakout among conservative media that she could endorse Joe Biden this year and lead her fans to tip the election in his direction.

One unnamed source close to former President Donald Trump said top Trump allies will plot a "holy war" if Swift endorses Biden, Rolling Stone reported.

But it is misguided to assume that Swift’s potential involvement in the race would be a magic bullet with guaranteed results. Experts say it often takes more than a single message or action for celebrity endorsements to move the needle in elections. And younger people could be particularly hard to sway because they consistently chalk up the lowest turnout rates at the polls. An endorsement would draw attention, but her fans already lean left.

Swift’s involvement in politics

In August 2020, Swift alluded to Trump’s attacks on mail voting during the pandemic and told her fans to "request a ballot early and vote early." She endorsed Biden in October 2020.

But many of her social media posts are nonpartisan, encouraging fans to register and vote but not specifying a party to support.

"Are you registered to vote yet?" Swift wrote on Instagram on Sept. 19, National Voter Registration Day. "I’ve heard you raise your voices, and I know how powerful they are. Make sure you’re ready to use them in our elections this year! Register to vote in less than 2 minutes at Vote.org/NVRD." Swift is not officially affiliated with the Vote.org nonprofit organization.

The day Swift posted that message, Vote.org received about 35,000 new registrations, up from 25,000 the same day in 2022. Two-thirds of those 2023 registrations were people ages 18 to 29.

Swift’s spokesperson did not respond to a request for comment about whether Swift plans to continue to encourage registration or endorse Biden.

What role does voter registration play?

Registering thousands of new voters suggests that additional votes will be cast, since in most places the first step to voting is registering, said Jonathan Nagler, co-director of New York University’s Center for Social Media and Politics.

Being a registered voter can lead to more extensive outreach from campaigns and organizations that use lists of registered voters for get-out-the-vote efforts, said Alberto Medina, spokesperson for the Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning and Engagement at Tufts University, which tracks youth voting.

"Our research has found that youth who hear from campaigns and candidates, especially multiple times per cycle, are more likely to vote," Medina said.

"Given Swift’s massive cultural footprint, her potential impact could be unprecedented," he said.

"But research suggests it may take more than a single message or action."

A fall poll of about 2,100 18- to 29-year-olds by the Harvard Institute of Politics asked whether respondents would be more likely to vote if they received a call or text from Swift encouraging them to do so. Nearly two-thirds said it would make no difference, 19% said it would make them more likely to vote, and 15% said it would make them less likely to vote.

Swift’s fans, however, span all age groups. According to a Morning Consult poll of adults, 45% of "avid" Swift fans are millennials ages 27 to 42. Another 11% are in Generation Z, born between 1997 and 2012. The remainder are split about evenly between Baby Boomers and Generation X.

Swift’s 2024 influence could be greater than in 2020, when she endorsed Biden. Since then, she has released multiple albums and generated skyrocketing demand and publicity with her Eras Tour.

When it comes to juicing the turnout of younger voters, the main way Swift could have an impact is among independents who are fans, said Wayne P. Steger, a DePaul University political science professor.

"There may well be people who do not have a particularly strong partisan attachment and who do not pay attention to politics normally, but who do pay attention to Taylor Swift," Steger said.

Mary-Kate Lizotte, an Augusta University political science professor, said Swift’s comments about politics will influence her fans and followers but are unlikely to influence people who are not already fans or who are fans but are politically conservative.

"Having more young and millennial women register, turn out and vote ... would be beneficial for the Biden ticket," said Lizotte, who has researched gender differences in political opinion. "Increasing registration and turnout among women who would already be likely to vote for Biden would help the Biden ticket."

Young voters have the lowest turnout rates

It's possible Swift could inspire some young people to vote, but it’s an uphill task: People ages 18 to 29 consistently have lower turnout rates — as much as 25 to 30 percentage points lower in recent presidential elections than the rate for those 60 and older.

Observing a liberal bent among younger voters — who have favored Democrats by 7 to 13 percentage points in presidential elections since 2008 — some Republican lawmakers have sought to enact barriers to voting.

The Kentucky Senate in January backed a bill that would remove student IDs as a primary proof of identification at the polls. Idaho in 2023 banned the use of student IDs for voter ID. In Texas, laws created new obstacles to establishing early voting sites on college campuses. All three states have Republican majorities in their state legislatures.

Do celebrity endorsements have an impact?

Research suggests that celebrities can sometimes influence voter choice, but it doesn’t happen in every election.

Celebrities may have more influence in primaries, when voters are choosing among candidates who have broadly similar ideologies. Moving the needle in a general election, when the differences between nominees are more pronounced, has more to do with voter motivation.

For example, in 2016, Hillary Clinton received multiple celebrity endorsements, including from George Clooney, Beyoncé and Jay-Z . Many of Clinton’s endorsements came during the general election, but she still lost to Trump.

By comparison, one research paper concluded that Oprah Winfrey’s 2008 endorsement of Barack Obama resulted in approximately 1 million votes for him in the Democratic primaries.

Morning Consult found in a March 2023 survey that 55% of Swift fans identified as Democrats and the remainder were evenly split between Republicans and independents.

David J. Jackson, a Bowling Green State University political scientist, said the power of a Swift endorsement would depend on whether it’s a one-off social media post versus multiple appearances with Biden.

"There are lots of reasons why people do things, but one basic reason is because someone they like and trust asked them to do it," Jackson said.

If people like and trust Swift, he said, "then the more often and vigorously she supports Biden," if she does, the more likely it is to have an effect.

Our sources

• Taylor Swift,  X post , Oct. 7, 2020
• Tik Tok,  Swift clip , March 9, 2023 
• V Magazine,  The thought leaders issue: Taylor Swift , Oct. 7, 2020
• Vogue,  Taylor Swift on Sexism, Scrutiny, and Standing Up for Herself , Aug. 8, 2019
• PopCrave,  Posts of Taylor Swift posts , Aug. 15, 2020
• Entertainment Weekly,  25 Celebrities Who Are Supporting Hillary Clinton , Nov. 7, 2016
• New York Times,  Inside Biden’s Anti-Trump Battle Plan (and Where Taylor Swift Fits In) , Jan. 29, 2024
• Rolling Stone,  Trump Allies Pledge ‘Holy War’ Against Taylor Swift , Jan. 30, 2023
• The Hill,  Hannity: Taylor Swift should ‘think twice’ about Biden endorsement , Jan. 31, 2023
• CNN,  Right-wing media figures target Taylor Swift with absurd conspiracy theory ahead of the Super Bowl , Jan. 30, 2024
• Dallas Morning News,  2nd suit filed over ban on temporary voting sites , Nov. 27, 2019
• Washington Post,  Top GOP lawyer decries ease of campus voting in private pitch to RNC , April 10, 2023
• CNN,  Trump on Taylor Swift: ‘I like Taylor’s music about 25% less now,’  Oct. 9, 2018
• Axios,  "Stick to singing": MAGA backlash against Taylor Swift gets ugly , Jan. 30, 2024
• Politico,  What it’s like to be endorsed by Taylor Swift , Feb. 1, 2024
• Morning Consult,  The Taylor Swift Fandom Is White, Suburban and Leans Democratic , March 9, 2023
• Cleveland.com,  Here's how celebrity presidential endorsements matter: David J. Jackson (Opinion) , Feb. 11, 2016
• Courier Journal,  Kentucky bill curbing use of college IDs as voter identification draws national concern , Jan. 31, 2023
• NPR,  A Taylor Swift Instagram post helped drive a surge in voter registration , Sept. 22, 2023
• Boise Public Radio,  Idaho's top judges question lawsuit about voting with student IDs , Dec. 11, 2023
• PolitiFact,  'View' host Sunny Hostin has scant evidence for claiming GOP wants to raise voting age to 28 , Nov. 17, 2022
• Email interview with Jonathan Nagler Co-Director, Center for Social Media and Politics and politics professor at New York University, Jan. 31, 2024
• Email interview with Amanda Wilkerson, assistant professor of higher education at the University of Central Florida, Jan. 31, 2024
• Email interview with Doug Kufner, spokesperson for Tennessee Secretary of State Tre Hargett, Feb. 1, 2024
• Email interview with Alberto Medina, a spokesperson for the Center for Information and Research Civic Learning and Engagement at Tufts University, Jan. 31, 2024
• Email interview with Nick Hutchins, spokesperson for Vote.org, Jan. 31, 2024
• Email interview with Alan Abramowitz, Emory University political scientist, Jan. 31, 2024
• Email interview with David J. Jackson, Bowling Green State University political scientist, Jan. 31, 2024
• Email interview with Wayne Steger, political science professor at DePaul University, Jan. 31, 2024
• Email interview with Jay Riestenberg, spokesperson for the Voting Rights Lab, Feb. 1, 2024
• Email interview with Mary-Kate Lizotte, professor of political science at Augusta University and author of  Gender Differences in Public Opinion , Feb. 2, 2024

Silk pajamas, spanking and questions about STDs: Stormy Daniels details sexual encounter with Trump

Adult film actor Stormy Daniels took the witness stand at Donald Trump 's New York criminal trial Tuesday, testifying under oath about the sexual encounter she says she had with him in 2006 and the $130,000 deal for her silence that was struck during the closing days of the 2016 presidential campaign.

In a remarkable day of testimony with the former president sitting roughly 10 feet away from her, Daniels recounted the tryst in detail. She also talked about Trump's supposed efforts to get her on his TV show and her decision to come forward with her story, as well as the payoff and the fallout from doing so.

During cross-examination, which at times became heated, Daniels tangled with one of Trump’s attorneys, Susan Necheles, who accused her of making up a series of false claims to "extort" Trump, then a presidential candidate.

Trump’s lawyers also argued that some of Daniels’ account of the 2006 encounter “was unduly and inappropriately prejudicial.” They then requested a mistrial.

Trump lawyer Todd Blanche told the judge that Daniels’ unfair claims included her testimony that Trump didn’t use a condom and that she thinks she “blacked out” for a part of it.

“There’s no way to unring the bell, in our view,” Blanche said during a dramatic exchange with prosecutors.

Judge Juan Merchan shot down the mistrial motion but acknowledged that "there were things that would have been better left unsaid,” adding that he would strike some of Daniels' testimony from the record.

Court isn’t in session Wednesday. Cross-examination of Daniels will resume Thursday morning.

Trump is headed to Florida on Tuesday evening, with plans to spend Wednesday at Mar-a-Lago, campaign national press secretary Karoline Leavitt said.

Daniels testified that she first met Trump at a celebrity golf tournament in Lake Tahoe, Nevada, in July 2006. Describing their first meeting as a "very brief encounter" on a golf course, Daniels said she was 27 and remembered Trump being as old as her father — around 60.

The jury — which appeared focused intently on Daniels and her testimony — was shown a picture of them together from that trip.

Daniels said that they later ran into each other at the club and that a man she later learned was Trump's bodyguard told her Trump wanted to have dinner with her. She said she replied, "No, with an expletive in front."

She did, however, get the bodyguard's number, and she said that later that day her publicist convinced her she should accept the invitation, telling her: “It’ll make a great story. He’s a business guy. Like, what could possibly go wrong?”

She said she went up to Trump's penthouse hotel suite and was told they'd be going to dinner at one of the restaurants downstairs. When she entered the room, which she described as "three times the size of my apartment," he was wearing "silk or satin" pajamas, she said. She said she quipped, “Does Hugh Hefner know you stole his pajamas?” and asked him to change, which he did.

They then sat at a dining table in the suite, where, she said, Trump asked her numerous questions about her adult film writing and directing. He then asked her about sexually transmitted diseases, and she said she was tested constantly and "I've never had a bad test."

She said that she grew frustrated with him because he kept cutting off her answers and that when he pulled out a magazine with him on the cover, she said, "Someone should spank you with that." She said she then rolled it up and "swatted" him with it. While jurors mostly appeared poker-faced through her testimony, one began rubbing her face and appeared to be holding back laughter.

After that, she said, Trump was "much more polite" and suggested she should come on his TV show, "The Apprentice." Daniels testified that "he said, 'You remind me of my daughter,'" and that appearing on the show would demonstrate she shouldn't be underestimated.

In all, they chatted for about two hours, Daniels said. She said that she went to the bathroom and that when she walked out, Trump was lying on the bed "in boxer shorts and T-shirt." She said she was "startled, like a jump scare. Wasn’t expecting someone to be there, especially minus a lot of clothing.”

She said Trump told her, "I thought you were serious about what you wanted." She said she felt "there was an imbalance of power, for sure. He was bigger and blocking the way, but I was not threatened either verbally or physically.” Asked in court whether she ended up having sex with him on the bed, she said, "Yes."

She described the sex as brief and said Trump told her “it was great. Let’s get together again, honey bunch.” She said he hadn’t used a condom and hadn't expressed any concern about his wife’s finding out what had happened. She said he also didn’t give her his phone number.

Trump's bodyguard reached out to her the next day to invite her to meet Trump at a bar in her hotel, she said. When she got there, she said, he was with then-Pittsburgh Steelers quarterback Ben Roethlisberger. Trump left about 10 minutes later but continued to call her well after the encounter, she said, "with an update — or a non-update if he didn’t have one — for ‘Apprentice.’”

"He always called me honey bunch," she said.

She said they saw each other again in January 2007, when he invited her to the launch of his Trump vodka brand. While she was there, she said, he introduced her to his friend "Karen," who she later learned was Karen McDougal , a former Playboy model who said she was having a monthslong affair with Trump during that period. Former National Enquirer publisher David Pecker testified earlier in the trial that he paid McDougal $150,000 to keep her quiet about the claim during the 2016 presidential campaign. Trump has denied both Daniels' and McDougal's claims.

Daniels said Trump also invited her to Trump Tower around that time and assured her, "I'm still working on the ‘Apprentice’ thing."

She said they last saw each other in the summer of 2007, when he invited her to see him at a bungalow he was staying at in Los Angeles. She said that he "kept trying to make sexual advances" but that she shot him down. "I told him I was on my period," she said. He said he later called her and told her he hadn't been able to get her on his show.

Payments made to Daniels by Trump's then-lawyer Michael Cohen at the end of the 2016 campaign are at the heart of the case, the first criminal trial of a former president. Cohen paid Daniels $130,000 in return for her keeping quiet about her claims of a sexual encounter with Trump.

Daniels said Tuesday that Gina Rodriguez, her manager, spoke to her about going public with her story for money in 2015 after Trump announced he was running for president. Rodriguez didn’t have much success shopping the story until after the release in October 2016 of the "Access Hollywood" tape, in which Trump was recorded in 2005 bragging that he could grope women without their consent.

She said that Rodriguez then told her that Trump and Cohen were "interested in paying" for the story and that she agreed, because it meant the story — which her husband didn’t know about — wouldn’t become public. "I didn't care about the amounts. It was just, 'Get it done,'" she said.

Prosecutors say Trump reimbursed Cohen the money in payments that were falsely described as legal expenses. They have charged him with 34 counts of falsifying business records. Trump has pleaded not guilty.

Daniels' deal with Cohen was revealed in a January 2018 story in The Wall Street Journal. Asked about the impact the story had on her life, Daniels said, "Chaos."

“My husband asking questions, my friends asking questions,” she said, with people showing up on her front lawn.

She said that Cohen started to talk about her allegations publicly but that she couldn’t because of the NDA and the $1 million penalty it included if she violated it. She said she later hired lawyer Michael Avenatti "so that I could stand up for myself."

He helped her get out of the NDA but also filed an unsuccessful defamation suit against Trump on her behalf and against her wishes, she said. Daniels lost the case and was ordered to pay Trump's legal fees . She eventually fired Avenatti, who was convicted of several crimes, including stealing from Daniels .

Daniels had vowed on Twitter, now X, never to pay the legal fees, which she acknowledged on cross-examination totaled over $660,000.

"You said, 'I will go to jail before I pay a penny'?" Necheles asked Daniels. "Correct," she responded.

Daniels also acknowledged that she hates Trump and has called him mean names online, including having referred to him as an "orange turd," but she said Trump, who has repeatedly referred to her as "horseface," made fun of her first.

Necheles also pressed Daniels about earlier accounts of her story. Daniels testified she agreed to do an interview with In Touch magazine in 2011 after it told her it was writing about the alleged encounter with Trump. Daniels said that it had agreed to pay her $15,000 for the interview but that the deal was scrapped after Cohen got the story killed. She said she was threatened weeks later by a man in a Las Vegas parking lot who told her to "leave Trump alone."

Necheles repeatedly suggested the parking lot incident was made up, which Daniels disputed. Daniels said that she was frightened by the encounter and that she stayed quiet until Trump declared his candidacy for president, at which point she gave her manager the green light to shop her story around.

“You weren’t really scared, were you?” Necheles said.

“I was terrified, but the ballgame changed,” Daniels replied, implying that by telling her story when Trump was a candidate, she felt she could ensure her safety.

“You were looking to extort money from President Trump, right?” Necheles said.

“False,” Daniels replied.

Before Daniels first took the stand, Merchan told prosecutors she could testify that she and Trump had sexual relations but that she should leave details out. Once she was on the stand, Daniels often elaborated on her claims without being asked, and Merchan repeatedly told her just to answer the questions that were posed to her.

When Blanche made his mistrial motion, Merchan also faulted the lawyers for not having spoken up during her testimony, saying he was surprised there weren't more objections.

"I think that I signaled to you and to the prosecution that we were going into way too much detail,” Merchan said.

Trump, whom Merchan has fined for repeatedly violating a gag order by attacking Daniels and Cohen, took to his social media platform before Tuesday's court proceedings to complain he had "just recently been told who the witness is today."

“This is unprecedented, no time for lawyers to prepare. No Judge has ever run a trial in such a biased and partisan way,” he wrote in a post that was taken down a short time later.

The Truth Social post went up shortly before The Associated Press first reported that Daniels was expected to testify. It's unclear when Trump and his lawyers were told she'd be testifying — prosecutors have typically not been telling them who would take the stand until the day before, citing Trump's record of witness commentary.

That Daniels would testify wasn’t a surprise, however. Trump’s legal team had argued unsuccessfully that she should be barred from taking the stand, a request Merchan rejected before the trial started. Cohen is also expected to testify.

Before Daniels, prosecutors called a longtime publishing executive to authenticate and read excerpts from some of Trump’s books.

Sally Franklin, an executive at Penguin Random House, read one from "Trump: Think Like a Billionaire" that talked about how closely Trump tracks his money — which prosecutors are likely to use to show he was well aware of what he was paying Cohen back for.

"I always sign my checks so I know where my money is going,” he said in the excerpt.

Adam Reiss is a reporter and producer for NBC and MSNBC.

Gary Grumbach produces and reports for NBC News, based in Washington, D.C.

Jillian Frankel is a 2024 NBC News campaign embed.

Dareh Gregorian is a politics reporter for NBC News.