i love uzbekistan essay

• Countries and Their Cultures
• Culture of Uzbekistan

Culture Name

Alternative names.

Uzbeq, Ozbek

Orientation

Identification. Uzbeks likely take their name from a khan. A leader of the Golden Horde in the fourteenth century was named Uzbek, though he did not rule over the people who would share his name.

Modern Uzbeks hail not only from the Turkic-Mongol nomads who first claimed the name, but also from other Turkic and Persian peoples living inside the country's borders. The Soviets, in an effort to divide the Turkic people into more easily governable subdivisions, labeled Turks, Tajiks, Sarts, Qipchaqs, Khojas, and others as Uzbek, doubling the size of the ethnicity to four million in 1924.

Today the government is strengthening the Uzbek group identity, to prevent the splintering seen in other multiethnic states. Some people have assimilated with seemingly little concern. Many Tajiks consider themselves Uzbek, though they retain the Tajik language; this may be because they have long shared an urban lifestyle, which was more of a bond than ethnic labels. Others have been more resistant to Uzbekization. Many Qipchaqs eschew intermarriage, live a nomadic lifestyle, and identify more closely with the Kyrgyz who live across the border from them. The Khojas also avoid intermarriage, and despite speaking several languages, have retained a sense of unity.

The Karakalpaks, who live in the desert south of the Aral Sea, have a separate language and tradition more akin to Kazakh than Uzbek. Under the Soviet Union, theirs was a separate republic, and it remains autonomous.

Location and Geography. Uzbekistan's 174,330 square miles (451,515 square kilometers), an area slightly larger than California, begin in the Karakum (Black Sand) and Kyzlkum (Red Sand) deserts of Karakalpakistan. The arid land of this autonomous republic supports a nomadic lifestyle. Recently, the drying up of the Aral Sea has devastated the environment, causing more than 30 percent of the area's population to leave, from villages in the early 1980s and then from cities. This will continue; the area was hit by a devastating drought in the summer of 2000.

Population increases to the east, centered around fertile oases and the valleys of the Amu-Darya River, once known as the Oxus, and the Zeravshan River, which supports the ancient city-states of Bokhara and Samarkand. The Ferghana Valley in the east is the heart of Islam in Uzbekistan. Here, where the country is squeezed between Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan, the mountainous terrain supports a continuing nomadic lifestyle, and in recent years has provided a venue for fundamentalist guerrillas. Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Afghanistan also border the country. In 1867 the Russian colonial government moved the capital from Bokhara to Tashkent. With 2.1 million people, it is the largest city in Central Asia.

Linguistic Affiliation. Uzbek is the language of about twenty million Uzbeks living in Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan. The language is Turkic and abounds with dialects, including Qarlug (which served as the literary language for much of Uzbek history), Kipchak, Lokhay, Oghuz, Qurama, and Sart, some of which come from other languages. Uzbek emerged as a distinct language in the fifteenth century. It is so close to modern Uyghur that speakers of each language can converse easily. Prior to Russian colonization it would often have been hard to say where one Turkic language started and another ended. But through prescribed borders, shifts in dialect coalesced into distinct languages. The Soviets replaced its Arabic script briefly with a Roman script and then with Cyrillic. Since independence there has been a shift back to Roman script, as well as a push to eliminate words borrowed from Russian.

About 14 percent of the population—mostly non-Uzbek—speak Russian as their first language; 5 percent speak Tajik. Most Russians do not speak Uzbek. Under the Soviet Union, Russian was taught as the Soviet lingua franca, but Uzbek was supported as the indigenous language of the republic, ironically resulting in the deterioration of other native languages and dialects. Today many people still speak Russian, but the government is heavily promoting Uzbek.

Symbolism. Symbols of Uzbekistan's independence and past glories are most common. The flag and national colors—green for nature, white for peace, red for life, and blue for water—adorn murals and walls. The twelve stars on the flag symbolize the twelve regions of the country. The crescent moon, a symbol of Islam, is common, though its appearance on the national flag is meant not as a religious symbol but as a metaphor for rebirth. The mythical bird Semurg on the state seal also symbolizes a national renaissance. Cotton, the country's main source of wealth, is displayed on items from the state seal to murals to teacups. The architectures of Samara and Bukhara also symbolize past achievements.

Amir Timur, who conquered a vast area of Asia from his seat in Samarkand in the fourteenth century, has become a major symbol of Uzbek pride and potential and of the firm but just and wise ruler—a useful image for the present government, which made 1996 the Year of Amir Timur. Timur lived more than a century before the Uzbeks reached Uzbekistan.

Independence Day, 1 September, is heavily promoted by the government, as is Navruz, 21 March, which highlights the country's folk culture.

History and Ethnic Relations

Emergence of the Nation. The Uzbeks coalesced by the fourteenth century in southern Siberia, starting as a loose coalition of Turkic-Mongol nomad tribes who converted to Islam. In the first half of the fifteenth century Abu al-Khayr Khan, a descendant of Genghis Khan, led them south, first to the steppe and semidesert north of the Syr-Daria River. At this time a large segment of Uzbeks split off and headed east to become the Kazakhs. In 1468 Abu'l Khayr was killed by a competing faction, but by 1500 the Uzbeks had regrouped under Muhammad Shaybani Khan, and invaded the fertile land of modern Uzbekistan. They expelled Amir Timur's heirs from Samarkand and Herat and took over the city-states of Khiva, Khojand, and Bokhara, which would become the Uzbek capital. Settling down, the Uzbeks traded their nomadism for urban living and agriculture.

The first century of Uzbek rule saw a flourishing of learning and the arts, but the dynasty then slid into decline, helped by the end of the Silk Route trade. In 1749 invaders from Iran defeated Bokhara and Khiva, breaking up the Uzbek Empire and replacing any group identity with the division between Sarts, or city dwellers, and nomads. What followed was the Uzbek emirate of Bokhara and Samarkand, and the khanates of Khiva and Kokand, who ruled until the Russian takeover.

Russia became interested in Central Asia in the eighteenth century, concerned that the British might break through from colonial India to press its southern flank. Following more than a century of indecisive action, Russia in 1868 invaded Bokhara, then brutally subjugated Khiva in 1873. Both were made Russian protectorates. In 1876, Khokand was annexed. All were subsumed into the Russian province of Turkistan, which soon saw the arrival of Russian settlers.

The 1910s produced the Jadid reform movement, which, though short-lived, sought to establish a community beholden neither to Islamic dogma nor to Russian colonists, marking the first glimmer of national identity in many years. With the Russian Revolution in 1917 grew hopes of independence, but by 1921 the Bolsheviks had reasserted control. In 1924 Soviet planners drew the borders for the soviet socialist republics of Uzbekistan and Karakalpakistan, based around the dominant ethnic groups. In 1929 Tajikstan was split off from the south of Uzbekistan, causing lasting tension between the two; many Uzbeks regard Tajiks as Persianized Uzbeks, while Tajikstan resented Uzbekistan's retention of the Tajik cities of Bokhara and Samarkand. Karakalpakistan was transferred to the Uzbekistan SSR in 1936, as an autonomous region. Over the ensuing decades, Soviet leaders solidified loose alliances and other nationalities into what would become Uzbek culture.

In August 1991 Uzbek Communists supported the reactionary coup against Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev. After the coup failed, Uzbekistan declared its independence on 1 September. Though shifting away from communism, President Islom Kharimov, who had been the Communist Party's first secretary in Uzbekistan, has maintained absolute control over the independent state. He has continued to define a single Uzbek culture, while obscuring its Soviet creation.

National Identity. The Soviet government, and to a lesser extent the Russian colonial government that preceded it, folded several less prominent nationalities into the Uzbeks. The government then institutionalized a national Uzbek culture based on trappings such as language, art, dress, and food, while imbuing them with meanings more closely aligned with Communist ideology. Islam was removed from its central place, veiling of women was banned, and major and minor regional and ethnic differences were smoothed over in favor of an ideologically acceptable uniformity.

Since 1991 the government has kept the Soviet definition of their nationhood, simply because prior to this there was no sense or definition of a single Uzbek nation. But it is literally excising the Soviet formation of the culture from its history books; one university history test had just 1 question of 850 dealing with the years 1924 to 1991.

Ethnic Relations. The Soviet-defined borders left Uzbeks, Kyrgiz, Tajiks, and others on both sides of Uzbekistan. Since independence, tightening border controls and competition for jobs and resources have caused difficulties for some of these communities, despite warm relations among the states of the region.

In June 1989, rioting in the Ferghana Valley killed thousands of Meskhetian Turks, who had been deported there in 1944. Across the border in Osh, Kyrgyzstan, the Uzbek majority rioted in 1990 over denial of land.

There is official support of minority groups such as Russians, Koreans, and Tatars. These groups have cultural centers, and in 1998 a law that was to have made Uzbek the only language of official communication was relaxed. Nevertheless, non-Uzbek-speakers have complained that they face difficulties finding jobs and entering a university. As a result of this and of poor economic conditions, many Russians and others have left Uzbekistan.

Urbanism, Architecture, and the Use of Space

In ancient times the cities of Samarkand and Bokhara were regarded as jewels of Islamic architecture, thriving under Amir Timur and his descendants the Timurids. They remain major tourist attractions.

During the Soviet period, cities became filled with concrete-slab apartment blocks of four to nine stories, similar to those found across the USSR. In villages and suburbs, residents were able to live in more traditional one-story houses built around a courtyard. These houses, regardless of whether they belong to rich or poor, present a drab exterior, with the family's wealth and taste displayed only for guests. Khivan houses have a second-story room for entertaining guests. Since independence, separate houses have become much more popular, supporting something of a building boom in suburbs of major cities. One estimate puts two-thirds of the population now living in detached houses.

The main room of the house is centered around the dusterhon, or tablecloth, whether it is spread on the floor or on a table. Although there are not separate areas for women and children, women tend to gather in the kitchen when male guests are present.

Each town has a large square, where festivals and public events are held.

Parks are used for promenading; if a boy and a girl are dating, they are referred to as walking together. Benches are in clusters, to allow neighbors to chat.

Food and Economy

Food in Daily Life. Bread holds a special place in Uzbek culture. At mealtime, bread will be spread to cover the entire dusterhon. Traditional Uzbek bread, tandir non, is flat and round. It is always torn by hand, never placed upside down, and never thrown out.

Meals begin with small dishes of nuts and raisins, progressing through soups, salads, and meat dishes and ending with palov, a rice-and-meat dish synonymous with Uzbek cuisine throughout the former Soviet Union; it is the only dish often cooked by men. Other common dishes, though not strictly Uzbek, include monti, steamed dumplings of lamb meat and fat, onions, and pumpkin, and kabob, grilled ground meat. Uzbeks favor mutton; even the nonreligious eschew pig meat.

Because of their climate, Uzbeks enjoy many types of fruits, eaten fresh in summer and dried in winter, and vegetables. Dairy products such as katyk, a liquid yogurt, and suzma, similar to cottage cheese, are eaten plain or used as ingredients.

Tea, usually green, is drunk throughout the day, accompanied by snacks, and is always offered to guests.

Meals are usually served either on the floor, or on a low table, though high tables also are used. The table is always covered by a dusterhon. Guests sit on carpets, padded quilts, chairs, or beds, but never on pillows. Men usually sit cross-legged, women with their legs to one side. The most respected guests sit away from the entrance. Objects such as shopping bags, which are considered unclean, never should be placed on the dusterhon, nor should anyone ever step on or pass dirty items over it.

The choyhona, or teahouse, is the focal point of the neighborhood's men. It is always shaded, and if possible located near a stream.

The Soviets introduced restaurants where meals center around alcohol and can last through the night.

Food Customs at Ceremonial Occasions. Uzbeks celebrate whenever possible, and parties usually consist of a large meal ending with palov. The food is accompanied by copious amounts of vodka, cognac, wine, and beer. Elaborate toasts, given by guests in order of their status, precede each round of shots. After, glasses are diligently refilled by a man assigned the task. A special soup of milk and seven grains is eaten on Navruz. During the month of Ramadan, observant Muslims fast from sunrise until sunset.

Basic Economy. The majority of goods other than food come from China, Turkey, Pakistan, and Russia. It is very common for families in detached homes to have gardens in which they grow food or raise a few animals for themselves, and if possible, for sale. Even families living in apartments will try to grow food on nearby plots of land, or at dachas.

Land Tenure and Property. Beginning in 1992, Uzbekistanis have been able to buy their apartments or houses, which had been state property, for the equivalent of three months' salary. Thus most homes have become private property.

Agricultural land had been mainly owned by state or collective farms during the Soviet period. In many cases the same families or communities that farmed the land have assumed ownership, though they are still subject to government quotas and government guidelines, usually aimed at cotton-growing.

About two-thirds of small businesses and services are in private hands. Many that had been state-owned were auctioned off. While the former nomenklatura (government and Communist Party officials) often won the bidding, many businesses also have been bought by entrepreneurs. Large factories, however, largely remain state-owned.

Major Industries. Uzbekistan's industry is closely tied to its natural resources. Cotton, the white gold of Central Asia, forms the backbone of the economy, with 85 percent exported in exchange for convertible currency. Agricultural machinery, especially for cotton, is produced in the Tashkent region. Oil refineries produce about 173,000 barrels a day.

The Korean car maker Daewoo invested $650 million in a joint venture, UzDaewoo, at a plant in Andijan, which has a capacity of 200,000 cars. However, in 1999 the plant produced just 58,000 cars, and it produced far less in 2000, chiefly for the domestic market. With Daewoo's bankruptcy in November 2000, the future of the plant is uncertain at best.

Trade. Uzbekistan's main trading partners are Russia, South Korea, Germany, the United States, Turkey, and Kazakhstan. Before independence, imports were mainly equipment, consumer goods, and foods. Since independence, Uzbekistan has managed to stop imports of oil from Kazakhstan and has also lowered food imports by reseeding some cotton fields with grain.

Uzbekistan is the world's third-largest cotton exporter.

Uzbekistan exported about $3 billion (U.S.), primarily in cotton, gold, textiles, metals, oil, and natural gas, in 1999. Its main markets are Russia, Switzerland, Britain, Belgium, Kazakhstan, and Tajikistan.

Division of Labor. According to government statistics, 44 percent of workers are in agriculture and forestry; 20 percent in industry; 36 percent in the service sector. Five percent unemployed, and 10 percent are underemployed. Many rural jobless, however, may be considered agricultural workers.

A particular feature of the Uzbekistan labor system is the requirement of school and university students, soldiers, and workers to help in the cotton harvest. They go en masse to the fields for several days to hand-pick cotton.

Many Uzbeks, particularly men, work in other parts of the former Soviet Union. Bazaars from Kazakhstan to Russia are full of Uzbek vendors, who command higher prices for their produce the farther north they travel. Others work in construction or other seasonal labor to send hard currency home.

About 2 percent of the workforce is of pension age and 1 percent is under sixteen.

Social Stratification

Classes and Castes. During the Soviet Union, Uzbekistani society was stratified not by wealth but by access to products, housing, and services. The nomenklatura could find high-quality consumer goods, cars, and homes that simply were unattainable by others. Since independence, many of these people have kept jobs that put them in positions to earn many times the $1,020 (U.S.) average annual salary reported by the United Nations. It is impossible to quantify the number of wealthy, however, as the vast majority of their income is unreported, particularly if they are government officials.

Many members of the former Soviet intelligentsia—teachers, artists, doctors, and other skilled service providers—have been forced to move into relatively unskilled jobs, such as bazaar vendors and construction workers, where they could earn more money. Urban residents tend to earn twice the salaries of rural people.

Symbols of Social Stratification. As elsewhere in the former Soviet Union, the new rich tend to buy and show off expensive cars and limousines, apartments, and clothes and to go to nightclubs. Foreign foods and goods also are signs of wealth, as is a disdain for shopping in bazaars.

Political Life

Government. Uzbekistan is in name republican but in practice authoritarian, with Kharimov's Halq Tarakiati Partiiasi, or People's Democratic Party, controlling all aspects of governance. On 9 January 2000 he was reelected for a five-year term, with a 92 percent turnout and a 92 percent yes vote. Earlier, a March 1995 referendum to extend his term to 2000 resulted in a 99 percent turnout and a 99 percent yes vote. The legislature, Oliy Majlis, was inaugurated in 1994. At that time the ruling party captured 193 seats, though many of these candidates ran as independents. The opposition political movement Birlik, or Unity, and the party Erk, or Will, lack the freedom to directly challenge the government.

Makhallas, or neighborhood councils of elders, provide the most direct governance. Some opinion polls have ranked makhallas just after the president in terms of political power. Makhallahs address social needs ranging from taking care of orphans, loaning items, and maintaining orderly public spaces, to sponsoring holiday celebrations. In Soviet times these were institutionalized, with makhalla heads and committees appointed by the local Communist Party. Then and now, however, makhallas have operated less smoothly in neighborhoods of mixed ethnicities.

Leadership and Political Officials. The president appoints the head, or khokim, of each of Uzbekistan's 12 regions, called viloyatlars, and of Karakalpakistan and Tashkent, who in turn appoint the khokims of the 216 regional and city governments. This top-down approach ensures a unity of government policies and leads to a diminishing sense of empowerment the farther one is removed from Kharimov.

Khokims and other officials were chiefly drawn from the Communist Party following independence—many simply kept their jobs—and many remain. Nevertheless, Kharimov has challenged local leaders to take more initiative, and in 1997 he replaced half of them, usually with public administration and financial experts, many of whom are reform-minded.

Corruption is institutionalized at all levels of government, despite occasional prosecution of officials. Students, for example, can expect to pay bribes to enter a university, receive high grades, or be exempted from the cotton harvest.

Social Problems and Control. The government has vigorously enforced laws related to drug trafficking and terrorism, and reports of police abuse and torture are widespread. The constitution calls for independent judges and open access to proceedings and justice. In practice, defendants are seldom acquitted, and when they are, the government has the right to appeal.

Petty crime such as theft is becoming more common; violent crime is much rarer. Anecdotal evidence points to an increase in heroin use; Uzbekistan is a transshipment point from Afghanistan and Pakistan to Europe, and access is relatively easy despite tough antidrug laws.

People are often reluctant to call the police, as they are not trusted. Instead, it is the responsibility of families to see that their members act appropriately. Local communities also exert pressure to conform.

Military Activity. Uzbekistan's military in 2000 was skirmishing with the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan, a militant group opposed to the secular regime, and numbering in the hundreds or thousands. Besides clashes in the mountains near the Tajikistani border, the group has been blamed for six car bombings in Tashkent in February 2000.

Uzbekistan spends about $200 million (U.S.) a year on its military and has 150,000 soldiers, making it the strongest in the region.

Nongovernmental Organizations and Other Associations

Most domestic nongovernmental organizations are funded and supported by the government, and all must be registered. Kamolot, registered in 1996, is the major youth organization, and is modeled on the Soviet Komsomol. Ekosan is an environmental group. The Uzbek Muslim Board has been active in building mosques and financing religious education. The Women's Committee of Uzbekistan, a government organization, is tasked with ensuring women's access to education as well as employment and legal rights, and claims three million members.

The government also has set up quasi nongovernmental organizations, at times to deflect attention from controversial organizations. The Human Rights Society of Uzbekistan, for example, was denied registration from 1992 to 1997, before the government set up its own human rights monitor.

The leaders of these groups may receive privileges once granted to the Soviet nomenklatura, such as official cars and well-equipped offices.

There are no independent trade unions, though government-sponsored unions are common. The Employment Service and Employment Fund was set up in 1992 to address issues of social welfare, employment insurance, and health benefits for workers.

Ironically, some truly independent organizations from the Soviet period, such as the Committee to Save the Aral Sea, were declared illegal in 1994. Social groups associated with Birlik also have been denied registration.

Gender Roles and Statuses

Division of Labor by Gender. Before the Soviet period, men worked outside the house while women did basic domestic work, or supplemented the family income by spinning, weaving, and embroidering with silk or cotton. From the 1920s on, women entered the workforce, at textile factories and in the cotton fields, but also in professional jobs opened to them by the Soviet education system. They came to make up the great majority of teachers, nurses, and doctors. Family pressure, however, sometimes kept women from attaining higher education, or working outside the home. With independence, some women have held on to positions of power, though they still may be expected to comport themselves with modesty. Men in modern Uzbekistan, though, hold the vast majority of managerial positions, as well as the most labor-intensive jobs. It is common now for men to travel north to other former Soviet republics to work in temporary jobs. Both sexes work in bazaars.

The Relative Status of Women and Men. Uzbekistan is a male-dominated society, particularly in the Ferghana Valley. Nevertheless, women make up nearly half the workforce. They hold just under 10 percent of parliamentary seats, and 18 percent of administrative and management positions, according to U.N. figures.

Women run the households and traditionally control the family budgets. When guests are present they are expected to cloister themselves from view.

In public women are expected to cover their bodies completely. Full veiling is uncommon, though it is occasionally practiced in the Ferghana Valley. Women often view this as an expression of their faith and culture rather than as an oppressive measure.

Marriage, Family, and Kinship

Marriage. Uzbek women usually marry by twenty-one; men not much later. Marriage is an imperative for all, as families are the basic structure in society. A family's honor depends on their daughters' virginity; this often leads families to encourage early marriage.

In traditional Uzbek families, marriages are often still arranged between families; in more cosmopolitan ones it is the bride and groom's choice. Either way, the match is subject to parental approval, with the mother in practice having the final word. Preference is given to members of the kin group. There is particular family say in the youngest son's choice, as he and his bride will take care of his parents. People tend to marry in their late teens or early twenties. Weddings often last for days, with the expense borne by the bride's family. The husband's family may pay a bride price. Polygamy is illegal and rare, but it is not unknown.

Following independence, divorce has become more common, though it is still rare outside of major cities. It is easier for a man to initiate divorce.

Domestic Unit. Uzbek families are patriarchal, though the mother runs the household. The average family size is five or six members, but families of ten or more are not uncommon.

Kin Groups. Close relations extends to cousins, who have the rights and responsibilities of the nuclear family and often are called on for favors. If the family lives in a detached house and there is space, the sons may build their homes adjacent to or around the courtyard of the parents' house.

Socialization

Infant Care. Uzbek babies are hidden from view for their first forty days. They are tightly swaddled when in their cribs and carried by their mothers. Men generally do not take care of or clean babies.

Child Rearing and Education. Children are cherished as the reason for life. The mother is the primary caretaker, and in case of divorce, she will virtually always take the children. The extended family and the community at large, however, also take an interest in the child's upbringing.

When children are young, they have great freedom to play and act out. But as they get older, particularly in school, discipline increases. A good child becomes one who is quiet and attentive, and all must help in the family's labor.

All children go to school for nine years, with some going on to eleventh grade; the government is increasing mandatory education to twelve years.

Higher Education. Enrollment in higher-education institutions is about 20 percent, down from more than 30 percent during the Soviet period. A major reason for the decline is that students do not feel a higher education will help them get a good job; also contributing is the emigration of Russians, and declining standards related to budget cutbacks. Nevertheless, Uzbeks, particularly in cities, still value higher education, and the government gives full scholarships to students who perform well.

Elders are respected in Uzbek culture. At the dusterhon, younger guests will not make themselves more comfortable than their elders. The younger person should always greet the older first.

Men typically greet each other with a handshake, the left hand held over the heart. Women place their right hand on the other's elbow. If they are close friends or relatives, they may kiss each other on the cheeks.

If two acquaintances meet on the street, they will usually ask each other how their affairs are. If the two don't know each other well, the greeting will be shorter, or could involve just a nod.

Women are expected to be modest in dress and demeanor, with clothing covering their entire body. In public they may walk with their head tilted down to avoid unwanted attention. In traditional households, women will not enter the room if male guests are present. Likewise, it is considered forward to ask how a man's wife is doing. Women generally sit with legs together, their hands in their laps. When men aren't present, however, women act much more casually.

People try to carry themselves with dignity and patience, traits associated with royalty, though young men can be boisterous in public.

People tend to dress up when going out of the house. Once home they change, thus extending the life of their street clothes.

Religious Beliefs. Uzbeks are Sunni Muslims. The territory of Uzbekistan has been a center of Islam in the region for a thousand years, but under the Soviet Union the religion was heavily controlled: mosques were closed and Muslim education was banned. Beginning in 1988, Uzbeks have revived Islam, particularly in the Ferghana Valley, where mosques have been renovated. The call to prayer was everywhere heard five times a day before the government ordered the removal of the mosques' loudspeakers in 1998.

The state encourages a moderate form of Islam, but Kharimov fears the creation of an Islamic state. Since the beginning of the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan's terror campaign in February 1999, he has cracked down even further on what he perceives as extremists, raising claims of human rights abuses. The government is particularly concerned about what it labels Wahhabism, a fundamentalist Sunni sect that took hold in the Ferghana Valley following independence.

Nine percent of the population is Russian Orthodox. Jews, Baptists, Roman Catholics, Lutherans, Seventh-Day Adventists, evangelical and Pentecostal Christians, Buddhists, Baha'is, and Hare Krishnas also are present.

Religious Practitioners. Most Sunni Uzbeks are led by a state-appointed mufti. Independent imams are sometimes repressed, and in May 1998, a law requiring all religious groups to register with the government was enacted. In addition to leading worship, the Muslim clergy has led mosque restoration efforts and is playing an increasing role in religious education.

Death and the Afterlife. Uzbeks bury their deceased within twenty-four hours of death, in above-ground tombs. At the funeral, women wail loudly and at specific times. The mourning period lasts forty days. The first anniversary of the death is marked with a gathering of the person's friends and relatives.

Muslims believe that on Judgment Day, each soul's deeds will be weighed. They will then walk across a hair-thin bridge spanning Hell, which leads to Paradise. The bridge will broaden under the feet of the righteous, but the damned will lose their balance and fall.

Medicine and Health Care

Current health practices derive from the Soviet system. Health care is considered a basic right of the entire population, with clinics, though ill-equipped, in most villages, and larger facilities in regional centers. Emphasis is on treatment over prevention. Yet the state health care budget—80 million dollars in 1994—falls far short of meeting basic needs; vaccinations, for example, fell off sharply following independence. Exacerbating the situation is a lack of potable water, industrial pollution, and a rise in infectious diseases such as tuberculosis.

Perhaps the most common traditional health practices are shunning cold drinks and cold surfaces, which are believed to cause colds and damage to internal organs, and avoiding drafts, or bad winds. Folk remedies and herbal treatments also are common. An example is to press bread to the ailing part of the body. The sick person then gives a small donation to a homeless person who will agree to take on his or her illness.

Secular Celebrations

The major secular holidays are New Year's Day (1 January); Women's Day (8 March), a still popular holdover from the Soviet Union, when women receive gifts; Navrus (21 March), originally a Zoroastrian holiday, which has lost its religious significance but is still celebrated with Sumaliak soup, made from milk and seven grains; Victory Day (9 May), marking the defeat of Nazi Germany; and Independence Day (1 September), celebrating separation from the Soviet Union.

Uzbeks typically visit friends and relatives on holidays to eat large meals and drink large amounts of vodka. Holidays also may be marked by concerts or parades centered on city or town squares or factories. The government marks Independence Day and Navrus with massive outdoor jamborees in Tashkent, which are then broadcast throughout the country, and places of work or neighborhoods often host huge celebrations.

The Arts and Humanities

Support for the Arts. During the Soviet period, the government gave extensive support to the arts, building cultural centers in every city and paying the salaries of professional artists. With independence, state funding has shrunk, though it still makes up the bulk of arts funding. Many dance, theater, and music groups continue to rely on the state, which gives emphasis to large productions and extravaganzas, controls major venues, and often has an agenda for the artists to follow.

Other artists have joined private companies who perform for audiences of wealthy business-people and tourists. Some money comes in from corporate sponsorship and international charitable organizations—for example UNESCO and the Soros Foundation's Open Society Institute. Yet many artists have simply been forced to find other work.

Literature. The territory of Uzbekistan has a long tradition of writers, though not all were Uzbek. The fifteenth-century poet Alisher Navoi, 1441–1501, is most revered; among his works is a treatise comparing the Persian and Turkish languages. Abu Rayhan al-Biruni, 973–1048, born in Karakalpakistan, wrote a massive study of India. Ibn Sina, also known as Avicenna, 980–1037, wrote The Cannon of Medicine. Omar Khayyam, 1048–1131, came to Samarkand to pursue mathematics and astronomy. Babur, 1483–1530, born in the Ferghana Valley, was the first Moghul leader of India, and wrote a famous autobiography.

Until the twentieth century, Uzbek literary tradition was largely borne by bakshi, elder minstrels who recited myths and history through epic songs, and otin-oy, female singers who sang of birth, marriage and death.

The Jadids produced many poets, writers, and playwrights. These writers suffered greatly in the Stalinist purges of the 1930s. Later the Soviet Union asked of its writers that they be internationalists and further socialist goals. Abdullah Qahhar, 1907–1968, for example, satirized Muslim clerics. But with the loosening of state control in the 1980s, a new generation of writers renewed the Uzbek language and Uzbek themes. Many writers also were active in Birlik, which started as a cultural movement but is now suppressed.

Graphic Arts. Uzbekistan has begun a revival of traditional crafts, which suffered from the Soviet view that factory-produced goods were superior to handicrafts. Now master craftsmen are reappearing in cities such as Samarkand and Bukhara, supported largely by foreign tourists. Miniature painting is narrative in character, using a wide palette of symbols to tell their stories. They can be read from right to left as a book, and often accompany works of literature. Wood carving, of architectural features such as doors and pillars and of items such as the sonduq, a box given to a bride by her parents, also is regaining a place in Uzbek crafts. Ikat is a method of cloth dying, now centered in the Yordgorlik Silk Factory in Margilan. Silk threads are tie-dyed, then woven on a loom to create soft-edged designs for curtains, clothing, and other uses.

Performance Arts. Uzbek music is characterized by reedy, haunting instruments and throaty, nasal singing. It is played on long-necked lutes called dotars, flutes, tambourines, and small drums. It developed over the past several hundred years in the khanates on the territory of modern Uzbekistan, where musicians were a central feature of festivals and weddings. The most highly regarded compositions are cycles called maqoms. Sozandas, sung by women accompanied by percussion instruments, also are popular. In the 1920s, Uzbek composers were encouraged, leading to a classical music tradition that continues today. Modern Uzbek pop often combines elements of folk music with electric instruments to create dance music.

Uzbek dance is marked by fluid arm and upper-body movement. Today women's dance groups perform for festivals and for entertainment, a practice started during the Soviet period. Earlier, women danced only for other women; boys dressed as women performed for male audiences. One dance for Navruz asks for rain; others depict chores, other work, or events. Uzbek dance can be divided into three traditions: Bokhara and Samarkand; Khiva; and Khokand. The Sufi dance, zikr, danced in a circle accompanied by chanting and percussion to reach a trance state, also is still practiced.

Uzbekistan's theater in the twentieth century addressed moral and social issues. The Jadidists presented moral situations that would be resolved by a solution consistent with Islamic law. During the Soviet period dramatists were sometimes censored. The Ilkhom Theater, founded in 1976, was the first independent theater in the Soviet Union.

Admission to cultural events is kept low by government and corporate sponsorship. It also has become common for dancers to perform for groups of wealthy patrons.

The State of the Physical and Social Sciences

Uzbekistan has several higher-education institutions, with departments aimed at conducting significant research. Funding, however, has lagged since independence. The goal of the Academy of Sciences in Tashkent is practical application of science. It has physical and mathematical, chemicalbiological, and social sciences departments, with more than fifty research institutions and organizations under them.

Bibliography

Adams, Laura L. "What Is Culture? Schemas and Spectacles in Uzbekistan." Anthropology of East Europe Review 16 (2): 65–71, 1998.

Ali, Muhammad. "Let Us Learn Our Inheritance: Get to Know Yourself." AACAR Bulletin 2 (3): 3–18, 1989.

Allworth, Edward A. The Modern Uzbeks: From the Fourteenth Century to the Present; A Cultural History, 1990.

Freedom House 2000. Freedom in the World, The Annual Survey of Political Rights and Civil Liberties, 1999–2000: Uzbekistan Country Report, 2000.

Griffin, Keith. Issues in Development Discussion Paper 13: The Macroeconomic Framework and Development Strategy in Uzbekistan, 1996.

Human Rights Watch. Human Rights Watch World Report 2000: Uzbekistan, 2000.

Jukes, Geoffrey J.; Kirill Nourzhanov, and Mikhail Alexandrov. Race, Religion, Ethnicity and Economics in Central Asia, 1998.

Kalter, Johannes, and Margareta Pavaloi. Uzbekistan: Heirs to the Silk Road, 1997.

Khan, Azizur Rahman. Issues in Development Discussion Paper 14: The Transition of Uzbekistan's Agriculture to a Market Economy, 1996.

Kharimov, Islom A. Uzbekistan on the Threshold of the Twenty-first Century: Challenges to Stability and Progress, 1998.

Nazarov, Bakhtiyar A., and Denis Sinor. Essays on Uzbek History, Culture, and Language, 1993.

Nettleton, Susanna. "Uzbek Independence and Educational Change," Central Asia Monitor 3, 1992.

Paksoy, H. B. "Z. V. Togan: The Origins of the Kazaks and the Ozbeks," Central Asian Survey 11 (3), 1992.

Prosser, Sarah. "Reform Within and Without the Law: Further Challenges for Central Asian NGOs," Harvard Asia Quarterly, 2000.

Schoeberlein-Engel, John. "The Prospects for Uzbek National Identity," Central Asia Monitor 2, 1996.

"Tamerlane v. Marx;" Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 50 (1), 1994.

U.N. Development Project. Human Development Report: Uzbekistan 1997, 1997.

UNESCO, Education Management Profile: Uzbekistan, 1998.

U.S. Department of State. Background Notes: Uzbekistan , 1998.

U.S. Department of State, Central Intelligence Agency. The CIA World Factbook , 2000.

U.S. Library of Congress. Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan: Country Studies, 1997.

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. Uzbekistan, Tashkent -my birthplace, my hometown and my life. A place, which just cannot be described in mere words, one must actually come here to see its beauty

IELTS essay . Uzbekistan, Tashkent -my birthplace, my hometown and my life. A place, which just cannot be described in mere words, one must actually come here to see its beauty

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Go. Love. Uzbekistan.

Embark on a captivating journey through Uzbekistan's rich tapestry of history, culture, and natural wonders

Discover uzbekistan: unveiling the treasures of the silk road.

Experience the hidden gems of Uzbekistan as we guide you through enchanting cities, breathtaking landscapes, and the timeless allure of the Silk Road.

Explore Uzbekistan's rich historical heritage and uncover the wonders of the ancient Silk Road. From the magnificent Registan Square in Samarkand to the architectural marvels of Bukhara and the enchanting old town of Khiva, immerse yourself in a journey through time and discover the captivating allure of this historic land.

Majestic Landscapes

From the expansive Kyzylkum Desert to the tranquil shores of Charwak Lake, and from the majestic peaks of the Nuratau Mountains to the unique ecosystems of the Aral Sea region, Uzbekistan has an abundance of natural wonders to captivate the hearts of nature enthusiasts.

Colorful Culture

Discover the captivating allure of Uzbekistan's culture, which has remained beautifully preserved for centuries. From the days of the Silk Road, where international merchants were enchanted by its traditions, to the present day, Uzbekistan's culture continues to leave a lasting impression on visitors from around the world!

Creative Traditions

Today, Uzbekistan is home to hundreds of traditional crafts, ranging from the ancient art of woodcarving to the intricate creation of beautiful suzanis. With a rich heritage spanning centuries, Uzbek crafts and patterns continue to be lovingly preserved, showcasing the enduring beauty of the country's artistic traditions.

"Uzbekistan is one of the world’s richest tourism destinations and is slowly gaining the recognition it deserves. There are few countries with such diversity of tourism sites and experiences, and combined with the hospitality of the people, this makes it a really exciting place to visit and to invest."

"I love Uzbekistan because it's like an open-air museum. It has an incomparable deep history with historical figures such as Amir Timur, Imam at-Termizi, and Imam al-Bukhari. Additionally, it boasts a beautiful culture and offers delicious food that never fails to amaze me."

"Samarkand is absolutely incredible, truly the most stunning city in the world, wouldn't you agree? The architecture takes us on a mesmerizing journey, like stepping into a vivid dream. I have travelled alone, but the kindness and hospitality of the people I have met have always accompanied me."

Click on any region you like to see the list of famous tour attractions located there.

If you're eager to learn the rich historical and cultural heritage of Uzbekistan, come visit our blog! Dive into our collection of informative and engaging articles, and indulge in the wonders of this fascinating destination.

Are you planning to visit Uzbekistan soon? Check it out our travel tips and resources tab. Don't forget to explore the diverse range of services we offer, designed to make your trip even more memorable.

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The 9 best places to visit in Uzbekistan

Sep 27, 2023 • 8 min read

Get to know Uzbekistan with this guide to the top places to visit © Ivanchik / Shutterstock

Set at the crossroads of the ancient Silk Road, Uzbekistan is famed for its stunning historical architecture and beautiful mosques and madrassas, alongside Soviet modernism, a flourishing arts and crafts scene, a rich traditional culture, and the genuine hospitality of local people. 

The continental climate brings four distinct seasons, and escaping into nature and visiting off-the-beaten-track destinations are adventures that will leave lifetime memories. Here are our top recommendations of places to visit in Uzbekistan for architecture, culture, nature and immersion in the arts.

1. Registan, Samarkand

Best for dramatic architecture

The historic  Registan  Square in Samarkand impresses first-time visitors more than any other attraction in Uzbekistan. Included on the UNESCO World Heritage list, the square consists of three striking madrassas – the Ulugbek, Sherdor and Tilla-Kori – which together served as a university for Islamic scholars. The name Registan means "a sand place." Since the Timurid period, this has been a place where people have met, important decisions were announced, and crucial events in Uzbekistan’s history occurred. 

Samarkand is blessed with many other historical attractions, including the Bibi-Khanym Mosque , the Shah-i-Zinda Necropolis , the Gur-e-Amir mausoleum and Ulugbek’s Observatory – all of them well worth visiting. One day might be enough to cover most important stops, but if you want to enjoy the pace of life in Samarkand, wander around talking to local craftspeople and leave some time for tea and local cuisine, allow two days or more.

Local tip: Opened in 2022, Samarkand International Airport is the second-biggest airport in the country and a good entry point to Uzbekistan. Turkish Airlines, WizzAir, AirDubai, FlyAirstan, Jazeera Air and several Uzbek airlines operate regular flights to this modern airport, and from Samarkand, it’s easy to travel around the country by rail – to Bukhara, Khiva and Nukus and then fly back to the capital Tashkent.

Best for history 

In Samarkand, an ancient mosque might sit alongside an office tower or a modern neighborhood, but Bukhara ’s old city really makes you travel in time. Protected by UNESCO, the historical part of the city still feels completely authentic, with timeless mosques, minarets, madrassas, craft workshops, caravanserais and local eateries. Set around an artificial pool called Labi Hovuz, the central square has a unique atmosphere and is a great place to admire the architecture, enjoy local food, sip tea or slurp ice cream, bargain with souvenir sellers or just have a breather sitting on a bench in the sun.

There are many must-visit stops in Bukhara. Be sure to make time for the Ark , a former residence of Bukhara Emir, the eye-catching madrassas of Mir-i-Arab , Nadir Divanbegi and Abdul Aziz Khan , the Kalon Minaret , and the inspiring Sitorai Mohi Hosa summer palace. 

Planning tip: While the old city might seem compact on the map, Bukhara deserves at least two full days. This is one of those cities where you can discover endless new layers each time you return. Multicultural, ancient and packed with interesting experiences, Bukhara is best enjoyed in spring and autumn when the weather is not too hot or too cold.

3. The Savitski Museum in Nukus

Best stop for art lovers

Karakalpakstan, an autonomous republic in the west of Uzbekistan, lures many visitors thanks to the unusual landscapes of the Aral Sea , the Ustyurt Plateau and the ancient fortresses in the surrounding desert. But one of the most interesting destinations is the Savitsky Museum in the regional capital, Nukus. It’s often described as the “Louvre in the desert” and displays a vast collection of Russian avant-garde art, secretly preserved during Soviet times. Its founder, Igor Savitsky, was an art connoisseur who saved roughly 100,000 artworks, showcasing the rich lifestyle and heritage of people in this area. 

Planning tip: Trains from Tashkent to Nukus can take more than 20 hours; many travelers come by air to maximize time for sightseeing. 

4. Ichan Kala, Old Khiva

Best for stepping into the past

The open-air museum that is the city of Khiva used to be the capital of the Khorezm Shakhs and later the hub of the Khiva Khanate, and it still preserves its own language, traditions and culture. The fascinating Ichan Kala (which means “inner city”) is the fortress in the heart of Khiva, and most of the architectural attractions are located inside of it. Visit the atmospheric Juma mosque, the Tosh-Hovli Palace (with its harem rooms for wives of the ruler), and the Kalta Minor minaret, and you’ll feel the grandeur and tranquility of Central Asia in the Middle Ages.     

Some of the historic buildings have been transformed into boutique hotels – it’s a very unusual feeling to stay overnight in a room of medieval features, but with all the modern facilities you could want, such as air-conditioning and a hot shower. Get to know the culture of Khiva through classes, from baking bread all the way to lessons in energetic Khorezm dancing. 

Best for ceramics fans

There is probably no other city in the world with quite so many ceramic artists as Rishtan. As soon as you enter the town, you will see pottery items for sale on both sides of the highway, but don’t rush to buy here because you will find better quality and more authentic works in the studios of local craftspeople.

Rishtan was already famous for glazed ceramics 1000 years ago, thanks to the unique soil – the richest source of terracotta clay in the region. The workshops of Alister Nazirov and Rustam Usmanov are famous for preserving and popularizing the ancient techniques of Uzbek ceramics art. However, there are many skilled crafters and ceramics centers for all tastes and budgets in the city.

6. Margilan

Best for lovers of traditional art forms

Moving from historical to artistic sites, the city of Margilan in the Fergana Valley is a great place to discover the history of ikat, the weaving of textiles with designs pre-dyed into the fibers. This unique weaving technique has independently developed in many different parts of the world, including in Indonesia, Japan, India and Latin America, but the Silk Road made Uzbek ikat particularly famous, thanks to its quality and the variety of ikat fabrics produced in silk, cotton and velvet. 

Margilan is a cozy small town where you can visit long-established makers of Central Asian ikat at the Yodgorlik Factory , speak to modern weavers at local crafts centers, or just enjoy the abundance of the local farmers market and the laidback lifestyle of this mainly agricultural area.

Planning tip: Margilan has been a hub for silk production since the time of the Silk Road; get here easily by shared taxi from Fergana or train from Tashkent. Come on Thursday or Sunday for the local market. 

7. Tashkent

Best stop for city slickers

The Uzbek capital, Tashkent , is not just an entry point to the country, but a diverse and fascinating destination in its own right. Islamic architecture, vibrant avenues, art and history museums, theaters, international gastronomy and nightlife make for a modern, cosmopolitan experience. Start with a visit to central Amir Timur square, where you can drop into the Amir Timur Museum , view the Amir Timur monument and the Tashkent clock tower (which now hosts two quirky restaurants), and visit a famous piece of Soviet monumental architecture, the Hotel Uzbekistan . 

Nearby, so-called Broadway Street is especially colorful in the evening with souvenir shops, street food and amusements. A short hop west, Tashkent City Park offers plenty of ways to keep busy, with an aquarium, planetarium, dancing fountains and street shows, as well as diverse restaurants, modern hotels, shopping malls and an open-air cinema. For a shopping treasure hunt, head to the vast Chorsu Bazaar , Tashkent’s best-loved marketplace, or the Navruz Ethnopark to discover traditional clothing and accessories, local crafts and authentic Uzbek food. 

8. Konigil Village 

Best crafts stop if you’re short on time

On the outskirts of Samarkand, the village of Konigil is an atmospheric destination. This village is an amazing place to learn about the crafts of the region in one place. The Meros Paper Mill specializes in traditional silk paper, and you can also see the production of vegetable oil, ceramics, carpets and other local crafts. There are places to sample local food and even a small guest house, conveniently located in one tranquil space near the small, tree-shaded Siab River. Time slows down here, and it’s a beautiful escape for a half day or more. 

9. Zaamin National Park 

Best escape for nature lovers

Among the many picturesque mountain areas in Uzbekistan, Zaamin National Park holds a special place in the hearts of locals, thanks to its unspoiled natural scenery. Until recently, this picturesque destination east of Samarkand was off the radar of foreign tourists but well-explored by the people of the area. The air of Zaamin is considered to have healing properties, and nature here is pure and abundant – indeed, the area is often compared to Switzerland.

Many unique types of flora and fauna are found here, including black storks, black bears, lynx and snow leopards, and locals are warm and sincere. There’s a beautiful lake-like reservoir and great trails for hiking, and people come there in both summer and winter to stay in the area’s new international hotels and run in the Zaamin Ultramarathon in June. 

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About Uzbekistan

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Where in the World is Uzbekistan? Uzbekistan is located in the heart of Central Asia and borders Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Afghanistan. The country is about the same size as Sweden or California with more than two-thirds of it desert and steppe in the west. The only relief is the delta where the Amu-Darya River empties into what remains of the Aral Sea. In the east, however, Uzbekistan tilts upward towards the mountains of its neighbors. This is where the country’s life-giving rivers rise.

The richest farmland (and therefore the bulk of the population) is nestled in the gaps in the mountains, on the alluvial planes at their base, and along the country’s two big rivers – Amu-Darya and Syr Darya.Uzbekistan contains some of the world’s oldest, most historic cities including Samarkand, Bukhara and Khiva.

Uzbekistan has an extreme continental climate. It is generally warmest in the south and coldest in the north. Temperatures in December average -8˚C (18˚F) in the north and 0˚C (32˚F) in the south. Extreme fluctuations can take temperatures as low as -35˚C (-31˚F).

During the summer, temperatures can reach 45˚C (113˚F) and above. Humidity is low. Spring (April to June), and fall (September through October), are in general the most pleasant times to travel. The weather is mild and in April the desert blooms briefly. Fall is harvest time and the markets are full of fresh fruit.

If you’re interested in trekking, then the summer months of July and August are the best times since summers are almost dry. In recent years Uzbekistan was notably affected by the global warming and dry-out of the Aral Sea resulting in hotter and drier summers and colder and longer winters.

Uzbekistan is a dry, double landlocked country of which 11 percent consists of intensely cultivated, irrigated river valleys. More than 60 percent of its population lives in densely populated rural communities. Uzbekistan is the world’s second-largest cotton exporter and the fifth largest producer. The country relies heavily on cotton production as the major source of export earnings. Other major export earners include gold, natural gas and oil.

People and Culture

Uzbekistan is a multinational country. The two main languages are Uzbek and Russian but you will also hear several other languages including Korean, English, German, Tajik and Turkish. Besides the Uzbek population, Uzbekistan contains many other nationalities, all with their own mode of life.

People in Uzbekistan wear different types of clothes. In villages you will observe women wearing traditional clothes like long variegated dresses and scarves. In cities they are less traditional and more modern.  Men wear pants more often than jeans. Shorts are worn rather rarely and usually only by people in the city.

Being a guest or inviting someone into your home is a big thing in Uzbekistan. People will often visit a friend or neighbor without a special reason. Uzbek people are known to be very hospitable and find it an honor to have a guest in their home. There are even special seating arrangements for guests. The eldest person or honored guest is usually invited to sit at the head of the table, away from the door. Young people or hosts sit by the door to act as “waiters.” They bring and take away dishes, pour tea and do other things.

Uzbekistan is also known for its national cuisine. Unlike their nomadic neighbors, the Uzbeks have been a settled civilization for centuries. Between the deserts and mountains, the oases and fertile valleys, they have cultivated grain and domesticated livestock. The resulting abundance of produce has allowed them to enrich their cuisine.

The seasons greatly influence the composition of national foods. In summer, fruits, vegetables and nuts are widely used in cooking. Fruits grow in abundance in Uzbekistan such as grapes, melons, apricots, pears, apples, cherries, pomegranates, lemons, figs and dates. Vegetables are also plentiful, such as eggplants, peppers, turnips, cucumbers and luscious tomatoes. There are also some lesser-known species of vegetables such as green radishes, yellow carrots, and dozens of pumpkin and squash varieties.

The Uzbeks prefer mutton to other kinds of meat; it is the main source of protein in the Uzbek diet. Beef and horsemeat are also eaten.

The wide choice of bread is a staple for the majority of the population. Round, unleavened break or leplyoshka/non is usually baked in a tandir (round ovens made of mud) and served with tea. The national bread is often sold on street corners. Some varieties are cooked with onion or meat while others are simply sprinkled with sesame seeds.

The most well-known Uzbek dish is plov or osh. It is cooked with fried meat, onions, carrots and rice. Sometimes raisins, barberries, chickpeas or other fruits are added.  Uzbeks are very proud of their skills to cook plov. A master plov chef cooks plov on an open flame, sometimes serving up to 1,000 people from a single cauldron on holidays or special occasions like weddings.

Tea is a reverent beverage in the finest Oriental traditions; it is the drink of hospitality. Tea is first served to guests and then to family members. Green tea is more popular in Uzbekistan than black but black is preferred in Tashkent.

Why i like my motherland uzbekistan essay

• Category: Essay
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I went east, west, to the south and north, but I’ve never located a place a lot better than my motherland. The air that my superb ancestors breathed. The water that cured diseases that was said it was incurable, as well as the land which in turn carries wonderful secrets from the past. My personal motherland is usually Uzbekistan the nation which shook the world with it might and power. In my motherland kids my era and other ages are no much less and never were. They are the many active plus the most smart children of this century plus the century from then on.

If we want to get champion we are champion we all just need to have an intention and self-trust to be unstoppable. Inside the same time we must thank our director and our ancestor intended for bringing all of us to this peaceful and sufficient time. Several years our ancestors and forefathers fought in this freedom right now we have, thus their generation or us to live in this sort of great ambiance. Many years of effort showed their result. Abu Ali Ibn Sino, Mirzo Ulugbek, Abu Rayhon Beruniy, Khorazimy, Abu Nasr Farobiy and other in the greatest leaders, astronomers, mathematicians, physicians, philosophers and so on.

All their love pertaining to knowledge produced them talk about their discoveries and the literature which they had written on paperwork are really treasured like every site of their publication is made out of platinum. If I might take Mirzo Ulugbek (1394-1449) as an example he opened the trick to stars by building the first observatory in Samarkand. Our ancestor, Mirzo Ulugbek. spended the majority of his existence in the observatory studying stars. He discovered more than thousand stars and named them in his publication called “Ziji Jadidi Kuragoniy, is a publication that contains the name of stars, which will helped astronomers in the future.

It was only one of your ancestor that gave all of us pride inside the pages of astronomy. Imagine what others did, additionally they made large discoveries, which will gave all of us pride in other the webpages of knowledge. Each of our ancestors would have any kind of advanced technology of this season, but we have the right now in our tranquil and man rights protected motherland Uzbekistan. This means we could also attain greater goals in the present and future which might be added to the book expertise, making us pioneers and helpings the future era to develop even more.

In my motherland not only knowledge played part, but in the same time frame religion which in turn our ancestors and forefathers were enjoyed a vital role, which can be Islam. Currently, entire Islamic countries value our motherland, because of each of our ancestors who also added their very own part of all time of Islam. They are Al-Bukhariy, Tirmidhi, Motrudiy, Naqshbandiy and so forth. These days the majority of the Islamic countries won’t identify us right up until we state one of each of our ancestors identity for example Al-Bukhariy. When they listen to this identity they will be really proud to see the generation of Bukhariy, and definitely will show esteem.

The reason why Al-Bukhariy is famous is really because he collected hadith and made it an e book. Hadith is a words or perhaps acts of the Prophet (P. B. U. H). Therefore we can increase our manages also inside the pages of faith. As you can see what type of great persons which each of our motherland elevated. This people makes us love each of our country increasingly more. We should be impressed by our head, Islam Karimov, has been attending to the children of Uzbekistan. However, world wants that our innovator is one of the ideal leader, politician and thinker in the world.

He gave us opportunities simply by creating most organizations intended for young generations such as “Kamolot. Islam Karimov said,  Our children has to be even better and smarter than us. In the event you noticed that when he means children he means us. At this point tell me who does not take pleasure in a country or motherland such us Uzbekistan. Many people who includes children are dying in other countries. They don’t understand what tranquility and adequateness means in any way, because they have not lived enough to taste this. In our motherland it is the reverse of all this kind of, we have no war, simply no drought, no natural catastrophe neither unintelligent leader.

The key reason why of all this kind of peace is usually our president’s love pertaining to his motherland and it’s kids which means us. Another illustrations for so why we are unable to live with no loving each of our mother property is because it supplies all of us with electrical power, oil and gas. In some countries, such as the ones in Africa are certainly not supplied with this kind of precious energies. This means we must save some of the people, so our future technology would not go through in the near future mainly because they do not have enough energy. Also for the vitality we must or have to say thanks to our leader, because he did not let us stay undeveloped like the countries in Africa and other parts of Asia. Sports-is the ambassador of peace,  said the President Islam Karimov.

Therefore , to have an minister plenipotentiary from serenity our country has been raising the excitement of the future era to athletics. Youth my personal age are actually becoming innovator athletes of the world. My nation has been raising and reconstructing gyms or perhaps places to teach in an certain sports. A number of tools that is used in sporting activities are getting imported and manufactured in top quality in our region. We have received many gold, silver, dureté medals in worldwide or perhaps international tournaments.

These days we certainly have more 100 types of sports being thought inside our country in addition to the same time a lot more than hundred 1, 000 young specialists. This pros are now adding the world in wonder, which makes them think, “Is there a establish limit in know-how and power of Uzbekistan? . I will response that query explicitly there are limits. In every region, includes Uzbekistan, there is 1 huge difficulty which is polluting of the environment. Pollution means exhilarating air, water and earth. Polluting of the environment is leading to several types of conditions, which is eliminating people.

The pollutants happen to be damaging air which has been held clean during the past centuries. The planet is being struggling to fertilize, in order that plants or perhaps vegetables that feeds individuals are getting smaller or the number is decreasing each year. Normal water the most important chemical substance element in the world is shedding its ravenscroft clean appears, and is having infected by simply anonymous conditions that is sentenciado. In the same time each of our motherland is being damaged and weakened. It sustained all of us with many points and as a repay were damaging this and in the same time frame not leaving a chance for each of our future technology to see just how powerful this kind of sacred place were.

This must not embark on this way we must stop this kind of living and start a new very safe environmental living, which means polluting less and cleaning more. Today is definitely the 21st century, therefore there are lots of systems that helps safe the environment, and thanks to our President we now have those technologies. He separated enough money to buy build solar panel and hydroelectric place. This means we are developing actually fast in addition to the same time regular. In the near future which can be less than a decade we may also buy wind turbines which are best for the environment.

If we are growing this way, maybe after a significantly less or more than the usual decade we will be driving electric powered cars inside the streets of Uzbekistan. Electric cars are better than petroleum employing cars, because petroleum cars will produce a huge mass of dangerous gas, in another side electric cars are the reverse. This type of technology will really help us save our valuable motherland, but one of the most essential traditions we certainly have that was left by our ancestors is called “Hashar or cleaning of spots such as the roadways that will be accustomed to reach the college or workplace.

This type of custom will make a person love his country and people who dedicate their lives to protect that. Our motherland gave us many things, although did we all repay each of our motherland. The motherland provided us peaceful place to live, sustained us with clean air and drinking water and in addition electric power, gas, and petroleum for our autos. In the meantime, the motherland is definitely giving us free 14 years of golden knowledge that is definitely rare in certain country, therefore we can are as long as our superb ancestors, which in turn changed a history and they approach people are in the world in their time and down the road. Now show me again, why exactly should not we love our motherland?

I do think that only dumb-minded, selfish, awful intentional persons would not love our or perhaps their motherland at all. We am genuinely thankful for each of our President Islam Karimov, one of the successful, spirited, kindhearted, long-range planning and intelligent, to get leading all of us to the correct path and a great long term. I will usually wish him to receive what this individual intended and have a prosperous future. I love my motherland and all those things in this the air, the water, the earth and the people who reside in our motherland Uzbekistan beside me, and I also wish that they may serve each of our country is to do their best to settle it.

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24 Famous Landmarks in Uzbekistan – that you’d love to explore

There are an array of landmarks in Europe to see, with Uzbekistan sharing quite a few of those!

Uzbekistan is a stunning tapestry woven with vibrant colors and rich cultural heritage.

As you traverse through this timeless land, every step will take you closer to the majestic landmarks that stand tall as a testimony to Uzbekistan’s glory.

From the ancient ruins of medieval mosques to the majestic mausoleums of great emperors, Uzbekistan’s landmarks are a living memory of the country’s storied past.

1. Gur-e-Amir Mausoleum – Samarkand

2. shahi-zinda – samarkand, 3. bibi-khanym mosque – samarkand, 4. samanid mausoleum – bukhara, 5. chorsu bazaar – tashkent, 6. khast imam complex – tashkent, 7. independence square – tashkent, 8. charvak reservoir – tashkent region, 9. ugam-chatkal national park – tashkent region, 10. lake aydarkul – navoi region, 11. nuratau mountains – navoi region, 12. palace of moon-like stars – shakhrisabz, 13. amir timur museum – tashkent, 14. ismail samani mausoleum – bukhara, 15. ulugbek madrasah – samarkand, 16. mir-i-arab madrasah – bukhara, 17. bolo hauz mosque – bukhara, 18. buyuk ipak yuli bridge – tashkent, 19. hodja akhrar complex – tashkent, 20. hazrat daud cave – samarkand, 21. khiva citadel – khiva, 22. juma mosque – khiva, 23. pakhtakor stadium – tashkent, 24. fergana valley – fergana region.

Gur-e-Amir Mausoleum is a tomb of the 14th century conqueror, Timur, located in Samarkand, Uzbekistan.

What to see or do: Visitors can explore the impressive structures and intricate designs that adorn the walls of this mausoleum, which serves as a symbol of Timur’s reign in Central Asia.

Marvel at the many turquoise and lapis lazuli mosaics and get an idea of the grandeur of the Timurid era.

Don’t miss: One of the noteworthy elements of the Gur-e-Amir Mausoleum is the incredibly intricate and ornate dome – it is designed with azure, gold, and various other colors in an intricate geometric pattern.

Don’t miss this breathtaking sight when in Samarkand.

Insider travel tips: It’s best to visit the mausoleum early in the day or later on – larger tour groups tend to come to the site midday.

Also, make sure to keep an eye on the opening times, as they are known to shift over time.

Shahi-Zinda is a complex of mausoleums in the city of Samarkand, Uzbekistan.

What to see or do: Visitors can explore the stunning architecture of the mausoleums that have been brilliantly decorated with intricate blue tiles dating back to the 14th and 15th centuries.

The site is located on the slopes of the Afrasiyab hill and is considered one of the holiest places in Central Asia.

Don’t miss: One of the most renowned tombs in Shahi-Zinda is the mausoleum of Qusam ibn-Abbas, cousin of the Prophet Muhammad. This site also houses the stunning tomb of princess Tuman Aqa, a treasured example of Timurid architecture.

Insider travel tips: It can get quite busy during peak season so it’s best to visit early in the morning to avoid the crowds.

Wear comfortable shoes as there are many stairs to climb and be mindful of the sacredness of the site.

One of the most significant historic religious places in Samarkand, Uzbekistan.

What to see or do:

Don’t miss:

Insider travel tips:

A magnificent 10th-century brick mausoleum in Bukhara, Uzbekistan.

What to see or do: Marvel at the intricate brickwork and geometric patterns on the exterior of the mausoleum. Admire the bronze doors, which are said to be the oldest in Central Asia.

Step inside to see the unique cylindrical shape of the building and the beautiful domed ceiling.

Don’t miss: The opportunity to see one of the finest examples of Islamic architecture in the world. Take your time to appreciate the precision and artistry that went into constructing this ancient masterpiece.

Insider travel tips: – Visit the Samanid Mausoleum early in the morning to avoid crowds and fully appreciate the serenity of the site.

What it is: A bustling and vibrant traditional market located in the heart of Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

What to see or do: Wander through the narrow alleyways and marvel at the sights, sounds, and smells of the market. You’ll find everything from fresh produce and spices to clothing, crafts, and souvenirs.

Be sure to check out the meat section, where you can watch skilled butchers prepare and sell all kinds of meats, including horse meat.

Don’t miss: Sampling the local food.

There are plenty of food stalls and small restaurants serving up delicious Uzbek cuisine, such as plov (rice pilaf with meat and vegetables) and shashlik (grilled meat skewers).

Insider travel tips: Bargaining is expected at Chorsu Bazaar, so don’t be afraid to haggle over prices. Be sure to bring cash, as many vendors do not accept credit cards.

If you’re not comfortable negotiating for yourself, consider hiring a local guide to help you navigate the market and get the best deals.

Finally, be prepared for crowds and a lively atmosphere – this is a popular spot for both tourists and locals alike.

A religious complex in Tashkent, Uzbekistan housing a number of significant Islamic relics.

What to see or do: Visit the Muyi Mubarak Library, home to the world’s oldest Quran, dating back to the 7th century. Admire the intricate architecture of the surrounding buildings, including the Tilla Shaykh Mosque and the Barak Khan Madrasah.

Don’t miss: The Friday Juma prayers at the Tilla Shaykh Mosque, which attract large crowds and provide a unique opportunity to experience the local culture and traditions.

Insider travel tips: Dress modestly and remove your shoes before entering any of the buildings. It’s best to visit in the morning when it’s less crowded and the light is good for photos.

Bring a small donation to contribute to the maintenance of the complex.

Independence Square is the main square in Tashkent, Uzbekistan’s capital city.

What to see or do: Visitors can take a leisurely stroll around the square, surrounded by grand government buildings and monuments. The square is particularly beautiful in the evening when the fountains light up.

Don’t miss: The Independence Monument, a tall column topped with a globe and firebird, is an impressive sight. The square also features a large statue of Uzbekistan’s first president, Islam Karimov.

Insider travel tips: Independence Square is easily accessible via the Tashkent metro system.

It’s best to visit in the evening when the area is bustling with locals enjoying the cooler temperatures and the beautifully lit fountains.

Keep in mind that the area is heavily monitored and it’s best to avoid political discussions.

Charvak Reservoir is a huge artificial lake situated in the Tashkent Region of Uzbekistan.

What to see or do: The mesmerizing beauty of the blue waters of Charvak Reservoir is truly worth experiencing. Adrenaline junkies can indulge in exciting water activities, including jet skiing, water skiing, and wakeboarding.

Fishing is also a popular activity, and you can catch various fish, including carp and trout.

Don’t miss: Don’t miss the stunning panoramic views of the Charvak Reservoir from the Chimgan Mountains. It’s a once in a lifetime experience that you would not want to miss.

Insider travel tips: – Plan your trip during early summer as the water level in the reservoir is usually high, offering mesmerizing panoramic views.

Ugam-Chatkal National Park is a protected area located in the western Tien-Shan mountain range of Uzbekistan’s Tashkent Region.

What to see or do: Nature lovers will enjoy hiking through the park’s diverse landscape, including snow-capped peaks, crystal-clear lakes, and steep valleys. Visitors can also go bird watching, fishing, and skiing during the winter months.

Don’t miss: The Charvak Reservoir, which offers stunning views and water sports such as jet skiing and sailing. Also, the park is home to rare and endangered species such as snow leopards and Marco Polo sheep.

Insider travel tips: Avoid visiting during the winter months as some areas of the park may be closed due to heavy snowfall. It’s recommended to hire a local guide to explore the park’s more remote areas safely.

Don’t forget to pack warm clothes, sunscreen, and insect repellent.

Lake Aydarkul is a stunning saline lake located in the Navoi Region of Uzbekistan.

What to see or do: Visitors can enjoy swimming in the salty waters of the lake, sunbathing on its sandy beaches, and watching the traditional lifestyle of local fishermen.

You can also hire a boat to explore the lake and see the nearby sand dunes.

Don’t miss: Don’t miss the opportunity to sample the delicious fish dishes made by the local fishermen.

Insider travel tips: The best time to visit Lake Aydarkul is from May to October when the temperature is warm and the beach is less crowded.

It’s recommended to hire a tour guide or go with a group to explore the area, and bring plenty of water and sunscreen since it can get very hot during the day.

A stunning mountain range in the Navoi Region of Uzbekistan, home to rare wildlife and unique flora.

What to see or do: Enjoy breathtaking hikes through the mountains, spot rare bird species, visit traditional mountain villages, and take in the stunning scenery.

Don’t miss: A visit to the nearby Chashma Spring, a natural spring that has been a site of pilgrimage for centuries.

Insider travel tips: Stay in a traditional yurt for a unique and authentic mountain experience. It can get cold at night, so make sure to bring warm clothing.

Don’t forget to try the local dishes, such as shurpa and manty, for a taste of traditional Uzbek cuisine.

The Palace of Moon-like Stars is a historical monument located in the city of Shakhrisabz, Uzbekistan.

What to see or do: The palace is an architectural marvel that boasts intricate designs and stunning decorations. Visitors can witness the grandeur of the palace, which has no parallel in Central Asia.

It is also the location of the legendary throne of Amir Temur.

Don’t miss: Make sure to explore the palace’s different sections, including the summer and winter halls, as well as its marvelous courtyard and gardens.

Insider travel tips: To fully appreciate the beauty of the palace, try to visit it during sunrise or sunset when the surrounding landscapes are lit up with a golden hue.

Also, visit the palace during weekdays when there are fewer crowds to enjoy its beauty and tranquil atmosphere.

The Amir Timur Museum is a historical museum located in Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

It was built in 1996 to commemorate the life and achievements of Amir Timur, also known as Tamerlane, a 14th-century military leader and conqueror.

What to see or do: Visitors to the museum can explore a wide range of exhibits, including artifacts, paintings, and sculptures related to Timur’s life and legacy.

The museum also features a collection of Timurid-style ceramics, textiles, and other decorative objects.

Don’t miss: One of the highlights of the Amir Timur Museum is the impressive statue of Timur on horseback that stands outside the entrance.

Inside the museum, visitors can admire the intricate ceiling murals and colorful stained glass windows.

Insider travel tips: If you want to learn more about Uzbekistan’s history and culture, the Amir Timur Museum is definitely worth a visit.

Be sure to wear comfortable shoes as there is a lot of walking involved, and consider hiring a guide to help you navigate the museum’s many exhibits.

Also, don’t forget to take a photo with the statue of Timur outside!

The Ismail Samani Mausoleum is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in Bukhara, Uzbekistan. It is the final resting place of Ismail Samani, the Samanid dynasty’s founder.

What to see or do: The mausoleum is a breathtaking example of 10th-century Central Asian architecture. It has a unique brickwork exterior decorated with intricate patterns and a cylindrical shape.

Inside the mausoleum, you can see the cenotaph of Ismail Samani, which is a beautiful piece of carved stone.

Don’t miss: Apart from the mausoleum, visitors can explore the surrounding archaeological sites such as the Chashmai-Ayyub, the Bolo-Hauz Mosque, and the Ark Citadel.

These sites provide a glimpse into the rich history and culture of Bukhara.

Insider travel tips: If you are planning to visit Bukhara, schedule your trip between early spring and late autumn to avoid the extreme weather conditions.

Also, be sure to wear comfortable shoes as you will be doing a lot of walking while exploring the old town.

Lastly, engage with the locals to learn more about the culture and history of the area.

A 15th-century Islamic educational institution built by the Timurid ruler Ulugbek in Samarkand, Uzbekistan.

What to see or do: Admire the elegant facades of the madrasah, which feature intricate brickwork and tile mosaic patterns. Explore the two-storey courtyard, which was once used as a classroom and has a small museum displaying historical artifacts.

Don’t miss: The Ulugbek Observatory, which is located nearby and was also built by Ulugbek. It features a colossal sextant instrument that was used for astronomical observations.

Insider travel tips: Visit the madrasah early in the morning to avoid crowds and to see it in the best light. Don’t forget to bring your camera to capture the stunning architecture.

You can also hire a guide to learn more about the history and significance of the building.

A historic Islamic learning center in Bukhara, Uzbekistan.

What to see or do: Visit the Madrasah’s stunning architecture, adorned with intricate tilework and towering minarets. Take a guided tour to learn about the school’s fascinating history and its role in Islamic education.

Don’t miss: The chance to climb up to the top of the minarets for a breathtaking view of Bukhara’s Old Town.

Insider travel tips: Consider visiting the Madrasah in the early morning or late afternoon to avoid crowds, and bring a hat and sunscreen as there is limited shade on the premises.

Don’t forget to check out the nearby Bukhara Bazaar for some authentic Uzbek souvenirs and local cuisine.

Bolo Hauz Mosque is a historic mosque located in Bukhara, Uzbekistan.

What to see or do: Visitors can explore the intricately designed building and take in the stunning architecture with its blue domed roofs and ornate tiles.

Don’t miss: The pool situated in the courtyard of the mosque, also known as “Bolo Hauz”, is a must-see, especially during the warm months when locals often gather here for picnics and socializing.

Insider travel tips: To fully appreciate the beauty of the mosque, visit during sunset when the colors of the tiles and domes are even more striking.

Additionally, the area around the mosque is full of local eateries where visitors can try authentic Uzbek cuisine.

Buyuk Ipak Yuli Bridge is a modern cable-stayed bridge in Tashkent that spans the Ankhor River.

What to see or do: Visitors can stroll or bike across the pedestrian and bike paths that run along the bridge while taking in the views of the river and cityscape.

The bridge is also beautifully illuminated at night, making it a romantic spot for an evening walk.

Don’t miss: Make sure to take photos of the stunning arches and cables that support the bridge, creating a visually striking design.

Insider travel tips: For a unique perspective of the bridge, consider taking a boat tour on the Ankhor River. The best time to visit is during the cooler months from October to April.

Parking can be limited, so consider taking public transportation or a taxi to the bridge.

A revered Islamic monument complex featuring a traditional madrasa and mausoleum of the famous Sufi saint, Hodja Akhrar.

What to see or do: Marvel at the intricate blue-tiled facades and elegant architectural details of the Hodja Akhrar Mosque and Madrasa, dating back to the 16th century.

Visit the mausoleum of Abu Sa’id Amir Kulal, the spiritual guide of Hodja Akhrar, located on the site. Take a walk around the peaceful courtyard garden and soak up the spiritual ambiance of the complex.

Don’t miss: The opportunity to witness a traditional Islamic ceremony or prayer in the beautiful mosque.

Visit the nearby bazaar to pick up some souvenirs or try Tashkent’s famous plov, a delicious rice dish cooked with lamb, carrots, and onions.

Insider travel tips: Visit in the early morning or late afternoon to avoid the crowds and experience the quiet serenity of the complex. Be respectful of the Islamic customs and dress modestly while visiting the mosque and mausoleum.

If possible, hire a local guide to learn more about the history and cultural significance of the site.

Hazrat Daud Cave is a historical and religious site located in the hills outside of Samarkand, Uzbekistan. It is believed to be the site where the biblical King David sought refuge from his enemies.

What to see or do: Visitors can hike up to the cave and explore its interior.

The cave is small and simple, with a small pool of water and a recess where King David is said to have slept.

Don’t miss: The stunning panoramic views of the surrounding countryside from the hilltop where the cave is located.

Insider travel tips: – Wear sturdy shoes and bring plenty of water, as the hike up to the cave can be steep and challenging.

A historic walled citadel located in the ancient city of Khiva, Uzbekistan.

What to see or do: Explore the maze-like streets of the citadel and marvel at its well-preserved mud-brick buildings, minarets, palaces, and mosques.

Visit the Juma Mosque, the highest structure in the citadel, and climb its minaret for a stunning view of the city.

Explore the Toshkhovli Palace, the residence of the Khans of Khiva, which features beautiful tiled courtyards and a harem.

Don’t miss: The Pakhlavan Makhmud Mausoleum, the resting place of the famous wrestler, poet, and patron saint of Khiva. Admire the intricate blue-and-green tile work of the mausoleum and pay your respects at the shrine.

Insider travel tips: Visit the citadel early in the morning or late in the afternoon to avoid the crowds and enjoy the best light for photography.

Wear comfortable shoes as the streets can be uneven and slippery.

Be respectful of the local culture and traditions and dress modestly, particularly if you intend to visit the mosques or other religious sites.

Juma Mosque is a 10th century Friday mosque located in the old town of Khiva in Uzbekistan. It is one of the oldest and most significant mosques in the city.

What to see or do: Admire the impressive facade of the mosque made up of over 200 wooden columns supporting the roof. Explore the intricately carved details on the columns and the wooden doors.

Once inside, marvel at the stunning blue-tiled mihrab (an important element in mosque architecture) and the ancient Quran manuscripts on display.

Don’t miss: Don’t forget to climb the steps on the left of the mosque to reach the top of the minaret. From the top, take in panoramic views of the old town.

Insider travel tips: – Visit the mosque during the early morning or late afternoon to avoid crowds and the peak heat.

A sports stadium located in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, used primarily for football matches.

What to see or do: Catch exciting football matches featuring Uzbekistan’s top team, Pakhtakor Tashkent FK, or attend concerts and other events held at the stadium.

Don’t miss: Admire the impressive architecture of the stadium, which features modern designs and cutting-edge technology.

Insider travel tips: Arrive early to avoid traffic and crowds, and be sure to bring snacks and drinks as there are limited food options available inside the stadium.

Also, consider booking tickets in advance to secure seats for popular events.

Fergana Valley is a beautiful region located in the eastern part of Uzbekistan, known for its lush green fields, picturesque mountain ranges, and ancient Silk Road history.

What to see or do: The region boasts several historical sites including the Kokand Palace, the Khan’s Palace, and the Juma Mosque. Visitors can also explore the bustling bazaars, such as the Kumtepa Bazaar, to get a taste of local culture.

The valley is also famous for its ceramics and silk production, so visiting workshops that produce these items is a must-see.

Don’t miss: One of the must-see sites in the region is the Rishtan Ceramics Workshop, where visitors can witness the traditional process of crafting ceramics.

The Margilon Silk Factory is another must-visit attraction, where visitors can see how silk is produced from cocoon to finished product.

Insider travel tips: It’s best to visit Fergana Valley in the spring or fall when the weather is mild and the natural beauty is at its peak.

The valley is quite large, so renting a car or hiring a driver is the best way to get around and explore the different sites.

Additionally, be sure to try the local cuisine, the most famous dishes being the Fergana Plov and the Shurpa soup.

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Last Updated on July 2, 2023 by Vidyut Rautela - The Himalayan Tsunami

The Permanent Mission of the Republic of Uzbekistan to the United Nations

Uzbekistan – the Crossroad of Cultures

• Google Plus

Over the centuries, ancient and prosperous land of Uzbekistan hosted representatives of different ethnic groups, cultures and regions. Hospitality, kindness, generosity and a true tolerance have always been distinct traits of Uzbek nation and its mentality.

Nowadays, representatives of more than 130 nations and ethnic groups coexist as a one family in Uzbekistan. They work with great dedication in all areas.

Serik Usenov, Chairman of Republican Kazakh Cultural Center

“Tolerance for Uzbekistan is the value inherited from ancestors. It is our common duty to protect and preserve this priceless legacy. Uzbeks are ancient nation that always shares bread it and says: “Welcome!”. All of us, living in a diversified country, have the same rights and duties. All of us, regardless of our nationality, live in Uzbekistan in peace and harmony.”

Notably, over 100 activists of national cultural centers received different medals and awards of the Republic of Uzbekistan. More than 10 representatives of various nationalities were awarded the title “Hero of Uzbekistan”.

The constitution of Uzbekistan and its law state that all citizens, regardless of their nationality, language and religion have equal rights and freedoms. They are granted necessary opportunities for preserving and enriching their ethnic culture, traditions and customs. State universities and institutions run their educational curriculum in 7 languages; National TV Radio Company broadcasts in 12 languages. Local newspapers and magazines are printed in more than 10 languages.

16 religious confessions carry out their activities in the country. “Enlightenment and religious tolerance” resolution put forward by the President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev on the 72nd session of the UN General Assembly in September 2017, in New York is a bright example of Uzbekistan’ commitment to human rights, principles of tolerance and friendship. This initiative was supported by international community that acknowledged its essence and in December 2018 unanimously adopted the resolution during the UN General Assembly session. The document strives to reaffirm religious tolerance and mutual respect, ensure religious freedom, protect the rights of religious devotee, protect their faith and prevent discrimination.

Viktor Pak, Chairman of Association of Korean Cultural Centers of Uzbekistan

“Koreans arrived to Uzbekistan more than 80 years. Around 200 thousand Koreans live in this country. They consider it a homeland. Some of my closest friends are Uzbeks. They wouldn’t start an evening meal without Korean salad “kim-chi”. In our family, cooking palov once a week has become a tradition. And this is for no reason. We love Uzbek bread and milk. We, Koreans, live in peace and understanding with all compatriots.:

141 national cultural centers play a significant role in embracing ethnic diversity and further harmonization of interethnic relations. Through developing cultural identity, language, folk crafts, they make a contribution to enriching cultural presence and strengthening one, multicultural family spirit.

Committee on Interethnic Relations and Friendship Cooperation with Foreign Countries under the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan coordinates the work of cultural centers, provides practical assistance.

Bright events carried out across all regions of the country add a deeper meaning to cultural and social life of the Republic. It strengths tolerance and good-neighborliness spirit between all representatives of nations and ethnic groups living in Uzbekistan.

This all speaks of a unique and effective system of non-government organizations in the area of multinational relations. A range of activities held by the centers contribute to peaceful and prosperous living in the Republic, addressing significant cultural and education tasks and developing cooperation with foreign countries.

As per initiative of the President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev, a unique building located on Babur street handed over to the Committee on Interethnic Relations and Friendship Cooperation with Foreign Countries. The building has become a Palace of Friendship and Culture. A park next to this building that hosts a number of cultural events renamed to “Friendship Park”.

National cultural centers are also committed to developing members’ cultural and humanitarian relations with their ancestry.

Vladimir Boyko, Chairperson of the Republican Ukrainian Cultural Center “Slavutich”

“In close collaboration with the Writers Union of Uzbekistan, the Embassy of Ukraine in Uzbekistan and Committee on Interethnic Relations and Friendship Cooperation with Foreign Countries we translated the works of eminent Ukrainian poets and writers into Uzbek language to introduce them to local readers. At the same time, we encourage Ukrainian diaspora to immerse themselves in cultural legacy of our homeland, Uzbekistan.”

Annually, representatives of all nations and ethnic groups celebrate a national holiday “Nowruz”, Russian “Maslenitsa”, Bulgarian “Martenitsa”, Armenian “Vardavar”, Polish “Dožínky”, Korean “Chuseok”, Tatar and Bashkir “Sabantuy”, Greek “Ohi Day”, Chinese New Year and other national holidays.

Uzbekistan implements the program on promoting cultural identity, folk crafts, traditions and customs of ethnic groups living in the country among the general public. The best concert venues, stages of theaters, exhibition halls of the country are provided for these occasions.

Social life of Uzbekistan is a proof that justice ensured in interethnic relations.

For example, the village of Manas in the Dustlik district of the Jizzakh region was the first settlement that was completely reconstructed in Uzbekistan under the program “Prosperous Villages”. The village inhabited with ethnic Kyrgyz group was transformed into a modern town with all amenities within 45 days.

New residential houses are being built in Jizzakh region. Particularly, gypsy community living in this area also feel positive changes and move to new houses.

More than 35 hectares of land and 780 new houses for 3,200 people were allocated in the makhallas of Altynkul and Almazar in the Pakhtakor region. Currently, renovation works of new villages are at its final stage. They comprise two sewing workshops to ensure women employment, including for representatives of gypsy community.

Maftuna Tohtamisheva, seamstress

“We used to live in old barracks. But we have been provided with good living conditions. My family, for instance, moved in a house comprising three rooms.  I work in this sewing factory throughout the week and take care of house and my son during the weekend.”

Infrastructure development is yet another area. Thus, this village is supplied with more than 10 kilometers of roads, 8 kilometers of electricity and 3 kilometers of water supply networks. It also has a school and preschool educational institutions. The state allocated 150 billion soums for these purposes.

Radabboy Ravshanov, veteran

“We, gypsies, didn’t have any amenities for living. Today, we have paved road, flowers and spruce s; a lot of changes are happening around. Makhalla committee has a new building; a kindergarten is on the way. I was provided with six houses for six of my children. Constructions works are soon to end.”

Literacy courses were organized for some of the gypsy children who did not attend the school for various reasons. Thus, the gypsies who began to settle in the Jizzakh desert in the 1960s became equal citizens of the multinational country.

A person who loves its nation and people, respects representatives of other ethnic groups. A right course taken by the leader of the Republic displayed in the peace and tolerance for the world preached by the people of Uzbekistan.

“Dunyo” Information Agency, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Uzbekistan, 2020

Why I Love My Motherland, Uzbekistan

6 Pages 1528 Words August 2015

I went east, west, south and north, but I have never found a place better than my motherland. The air that my great ancestors breathed. The water that cured diseases that was said it was incurable, and the land which carries great secrets of the past. My motherland is Uzbekistan the country which shook the world with it might and power. In my motherland children my age and other ages are no less and never were. They are the most active and the most intelligent children of this century and the century after that. If we want to be champion we will be champion we just need to have an intention and self-trust to be unstoppable. In the same time we must thank our president and our ancestor for bringing us to this peaceful and adequate time. Many years our ancestors fought for this freedom right now we have ,so their generation or us to live in this type of great atmosphere. Many years of hard work showed its result. Abu Ali Ibn Sino, Mirzo Ulugbek, Abu Rayhon Beruniy, Khorazimy, Abu Nasr Farobiy and other of the greatest pioneers, astronomers, mathematicians, physicians, philosophers and so on. Their love for knowledge made them write about their discoveries and the books which they wrote on papers are really precious like every page of their book is made out of gold. If I would take Mirzo Ulugbek (1394-1449) as an example he opened the secret to stars by building the first observatory in Samarkand. Our ancestor, Mirzo Ulugbek. spended most of his life in the observatory studying stars. He discovered more than thousand stars and named them in his book called “Ziji Jadidi Kuragoniy” ,is a book that contains the name of stars, which helped astronomers in the future. This was only one of our ancestor that gave us pride in the pages of astronomy. Imagine what others did, they also made huge discoveries, which gave us pride in other the pages of knowledge. Our ancestors did have any advanced technologies of this year, but we have the right ...

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Why I Love My Motherland, Uzbekistan Essay

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I went east, west, south and north, but I have never found a place better than my motherland. The air that my great ancestors breathed. The water that cured diseases that was said it was incurable, and the land which carries great secrets of the past. My motherland is Uzbekistan the country which shook the world with it might and power. In my motherland children my age and other ages are no less and never were. They are the most active and the most intelligent children of this century and the century after that.

If we want to be champion we will be champion we just need to have an intention and self-trust to be unstoppable. In the same time we must thank our president and our ancestor for bringing us to this peaceful and adequate time. Many years our ancestors fought for this freedom right now we have ,so their generation or us to live in this type of great atmosphere. Many years of hard work showed its result. Abu Ali Ibn Sino, Mirzo Ulugbek, Abu Rayhon Beruniy, Khorazimy, Abu Nasr Farobiy and other of the greatest pioneers, astronomers, mathematicians, physicians, philosophers and so on.

Their love for knowledge made them write about their discoveries and the books which they wrote on papers are really precious like every page of their book is made out of gold. If I would take Mirzo Ulugbek (1394-1449) as an example he opened the secret to stars by building the first observatory in Samarkand. Our ancestor, Mirzo Ulugbek. spended most of his life in the observatory studying stars. He discovered more than thousand stars and named them in his book called “Ziji Jadidi Kuragoniy” ,is a book that contains the name of stars, which helped astronomers in the future.

This was only one of our ancestor that gave us pride in the pages of astronomy. Imagine what others did, they also made huge discoveries, which gave us pride in other the pages of knowledge. Our ancestors did have any advanced technologies of this year, but we have the right now in our peaceful and human rights protected motherland Uzbekistan. This means we can also achieve greater goals in the present and future which may be added to the book of knowledge, making us pioneers and helpings our future generation to develop more.

In my motherland not only knowledge played role, but in the same time religion which our ancestors were played a vital role, which is Islam. Nowadays, entire Islamic countries respect our motherland, because of our ancestors who added their part in history of Islam. They are Al-Bukhariy, Tirmidhi, Motrudiy, Naqshbandiy and so on. These days most of the Islamic countries won’t recognize us until we say one of our ancestors name for example Al-Bukhariy. When they hear this name they will be really proud to see the generation of Bukhariy, and will show respect.

The reason why Al-Bukhariy is famous is because he collected hadith and made it a book. Hadith is the words or acts of the Prophet (P. B. U. H). This means we can raise our heads up also in the pages of religion. As you can see what type of great people which our motherland raised. This people makes us love our country more and more. We should be thankful for our leader, Islam Karimov, has been taking care of the children of Uzbekistan. Even the world agrees that our leader is one of the best leader, politician and philosopher in the world.

He gave us opportunities by creating many types of organizations for young generations such as “Kamolot”. Islam Karimov said,” Our children must be even better and smarter than us”. If you noticed that when he means children he means us. Now tell me who would not love a country or motherland such us Uzbekistan. Many people that includes children are dying in other countries. They don’t understand what peace and adequateness means at all, because they have not lived enough to taste it. In our motherland it is the opposite of all this, we have no war, no drought, no natural disaster neither unintelligent leader.

The reason of all this peace is our president’s love for his motherland and it’s children which means us. Another examples for why we cannot live without loving our mother land is because it supplies us with electricity, oil and gas. In some countries, such as the ones in Africa are not supplied with this precious energies. This means we have to save some of those ,so our future generation would not suffer in the near future because they do not have enough energy. Even for the energy we must or have to thank our leader ,because he did not let us stay undeveloped such as the countries in Africa and other parts of Asia. Sports-is the ambassador of peace,” said our President Islam Karimov.

So, to have an ambassador from peace our country has been increasing the enthusiasm of the future generation to sports. Youth my age are now becoming leader athletes of the world. My country has been increasing and reconstructing gyms or places to train in an specific sports. Many types of tools that will be used in sports are being imported and manufactured in high quality in our country. We have won many golden, silver, bronze medals in worldwide or international competitions.

These days we have more 100 types of sports being thought in our country and in the same time more than hundred thousand young professionals. This professionals are now putting the world in wonder, making them think, “Is there a limit in knowledge and power of Uzbekistan? ”. I will answer that question explicitly there is no limit. In every country, includes Uzbekistan, there is one huge problem which is pollution. Pollution means exhilarating the air, water and earth. Pollution is causing several types of diseases, which is killing people.

The pollutants are damaging the air which has been kept clean in the past centuries. Earth is being unable to fertilize, so that plants or vegetables that feeds people are getting lesser or the number is decreasing each year . Water the most important compound element in the world is losing its crystal clean looks, and is getting infected by anonymous diseases that is incurable. In the same time our motherland is being damaged and weakened. It sustained us with many things and as a repay we are damaging it and in the same time not leaving a chance for our future generation to see how powerful this sacred place were.

This must not go on this way we must stop this type of living and start a new and safe environmental living, which means polluting less and cleaning more. Today is the 21st century, so there are lots of technologies that helps safe the environment, and thanks to our President we have those technologies. He separated enough money to buy build solar panel and hydroelectric station. This means we are developing really fast and in the same time steady. In the near future which is less than a decade we will also buy wind turbines which are good for the environment.

If we are developing this way, maybe after a less or more than a decade we will be driving electric powered cars in the streets of Uzbekistan. Electric cars are better than petroleum using cars, because petroleum cars will produce a huge mass of poisonous gas, but in another hand electric cars are the opposite. This type of technology will really help us save our precious motherland, but one of the most important traditions we have that was left by our ancestors is called “Hashar” or cleaning of places such as the streets that will be used to reach the school or office.

This type of tradition will make a person love his country and people who spend their lives to protect it. Our motherland gave us many things, but did we repay our motherland. Our motherland gave us peaceful place to live, sustained us with clean air and water and in addition electricity, gas, and petroleum for our cars. In the meantime, our motherland is giving us free twelve years of golden knowledge that is rare in some country,so we can reach up to our great ancestors, which changed the history and they way people live in the world in their time and in the future. Now tell me again, why should not we love our motherland?

I think that only dumb-minded, selfish, bad intentional people would not love our or their motherland at all. I am really thankful for our President Islam Karimov, one of the most successful, spirited, kindhearted, long-range planning and intelligent, for leading us to the correct path and a great future. I will always wish him to get what he intended and to have a successful future. I love my motherland and all the things in it the air, the water, the earth and the people who live in our motherland Uzbekistan with me, and I also wish that they will serve our country and do their best to repay it.

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How To Say ‘I Love You’ In Uzbek + Other Romantic Phrases

Wondering how to say ‘I love you’ in Uzbek? You’re in the right place.

Saying ‘I love you’ can be both scary and exciting and even more so in a new language! If you want to know how to say ‘I love you’ and other romantic phrases in Uzbek, then read on.

How To Say ‘I Love You’ In Uzbek

To tell someone that you love them in Uzbek, say:

Check out the video below to hear the pronunciation of this phrase:

Romantic Phrases & Terms of Endearment in Uzbek

Try these other romantic phrases and terms of endearment including how to say ‘I miss you’ in Uzbek.

These phrases should come in handy whether you’ve got a love interest from Uzbekistan or whether you’re just visiting and want to be prepared. 

Why not also learn how to say ‘how are you?’ in Uzbek ? You’ll need this essential phrase in lots of different situations.

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An Essay on “Why I Love Pakistan”

• Introduction
• Cultural Richness and Diversity
• Natural Beauty and Geography
• Resilient Spirit and National Identity
• Warmth and Hospitality of People

Pakistan, a land of rich history and diverse cultures, holds a special place in my heart. Its unique blend of cultural heritage, breathtaking landscapes, and the indomitable spirit of its people make it a truly remarkable country.

One of the most captivating aspects of Pakistan is its cultural mosaic. With a history that spans thousands of years, Pakistan has been shaped by various civilizations, including the Indus Valley, Persian, Greek, and Islamic empires. This amalgamation is evident in the architecture, art, and traditions that dot the landscape. From the ancient ruins of Mohenjo-Daro to the Mughal marvels like the Badshahi Mosque, each structure tells a story of a bygone era, leaving an indelible mark on the nation’s identity.

Pakistan’s geography is a testament to nature’s artistry. Towering mountains, lush valleys, arid deserts, and serene coastal areas offer a stunning range of landscapes. The awe-inspiring peaks of the Himalayas and Karakoram Range, including the world’s second-highest peak, K2, stand tall, inviting adventurers and mountaineers from around the globe. The mesmerizing Hunza Valley and the enchanting Swat Valley are like pieces of paradise on Earth. These natural wonders are a constant reminder of the awe-inspiring beauty that Pakistan beholds.

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Pakistan’s history is a testament to its people’s indomitable spirit. Through trials and tribulations, wars, and natural disasters, Pakistanis have shown remarkable resilience. The creation of Pakistan in 1947 marked a defining moment in the subcontinent’s history, reflecting the unwavering determination of its people to have a nation they could call their own. The national identity forged through struggle and sacrifice is a source of immense pride for every Pakistani.

One of the greatest treasures of Pakistan is its people. Known for their warm hearts and genuine hospitality, Pakistanis have a way of making visitors feel like family. From the bustling markets of Lahore to the quiet villages of Sindh, the kindness and generosity of the people resonate everywhere. The shared cups of tea, the hearty laughter, and the genuine interest in one another’s lives create an atmosphere of camaraderie that is truly special.

In every corner of Pakistan, there is a story waiting to be told, a memory waiting to be made, and a connection waiting to be forged. Its cultural tapestry, natural wonders, resilient spirit, and warm-hearted people make it a place like no other. For me, loving Pakistan is not just about appreciating its beauty, but also celebrating the collective spirit and identity that bind its diverse population. It is a love that is rooted in history, nurtured by the present, and destined to flourish in the future. Pakistan, with all its splendor and soul, will forever hold a cherished place in my heart.

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Essay on Why I Love Pakistan with Quotation

• November 14, 2023

Kainat Shakeel

Expressing love for one’s country isn’t simply a sentiment; it’s a deep-confirmed emotion that binds individualities to the land they call home. The love I harbor for Pakistan goes beyond geographical boundaries; it’s a profound connection, a testament to the rich shade of history, culture, and adaptability that defines this nation. In this essay, I’ll articulate my reasons for loving Pakistan, weaving in citations from notable numbers who have celebrated the substance of this remarkable country.   

“Men Love their country, not because it is great, but because it is their own.” – (Seneca)

Historical significance:.

As I reflect on the reasons for my love for Pakistan, I cannot overlook the literal roots that anchor this affection. The struggles for independence, the offerings made by multitudinous icons, and the ultimate triumph against social rule form the bedrock of Pakistan’s identity.  

Natural Beauty:

The different geographies of Pakistan, from the majestic peaks of the Himalayas to the serene strands along the Arabian Sea, elicit a sense of admiration and admiration. Connecting emotionally with the natural beauty of Pakistan isn’t just about the scenic lookouts but about understanding the soul-stirring appeal that resonates within every heart.   

“A man’s country is not a certain area of land, of mountains, rivers, and woods, but it is a principle; and patriotism is loyalty to that principle.” – (George William Curtis)

Cultural richness:.

Pakistan’s cultural richness is a show of traditions, languages, and festivals. The diversity within our borders is a source of strength and pride. Quoting famed personalities who have celebrated this artistic diversity emphasizes the unique shade that makes up the fabric of Pakistan.   

The Warmth of the People:

Hospitality and liberality are essential traits of the Pakistani people. The warmth extended by fellow Pakistanis, the sense of community, and the numerous stories of kindness are integral to why I hold this nation in high regard.

Sense of Unity:

In the face of challenges, Pakistanis have constantly demonstrated a remarkable sense of concinnity. Shared exploits and a cooperative spirit bind us together, creating a nation that stands flexible against adversity.

Contribution to the World:

Acknowledging Pakistan’s achievements in colorful fields, including wisdom, sports, and literature, adds another sub-caste to my love for the country. Quoting from famed personalities who have celebrated these benefactions emphasizes the global impact of our nation.  

Educational openings:

Access to knowledge and knowledge is the foundation of my affection for Pakistan. Citations emphasizing the significance of education reflect the commitment to empowering individuals and contributing to the nation’s progress. 

Love for the Flag:

The public flag of Pakistan isn’t just a symbol; it’s a representation of our identity and concinnity. Citations on the significance of public symbols support this sentiment, pressing the pride associated with the green and white, the crescent, and the star.  

“A nation’s love stitched into the fabric of its Flag, woven with threads of sacrifice and dream.”

Spirit of resilience:.

Facing challenges with determination and adaptability is a defining specific of Pakistan. Citations on adaptability and perseverance inspire and strengthen my love for a nation that rises above adversity.  

Art and Literature:

Celebrating the contributions of Pakistani artists and pens on the global stage adds cultural richness to my love for the country. Citations insistent on the creativity and gift showcased by individuals in the territory of art and literature are a source of enormous pride.   

Religious Harmony:

Pakistan is a lamp of religious harmony, where different communities attend peacefully. Citations promoting forbearance and understanding emphasize the significance of this concinnity in diversity.  

Economic Progress:

Witnessing the growth and development in various sectors instills a sense of pride. From advancements in technology to flourishing diligence, Pakistan’s profitable progress is a testament to its eventuality and adaptability.   

“One loves his country best, who strives to make it best.” – (Robert G. Ingersoll)

Nostalgia and memories:.

Favored recollections, whether from family gatherings, gleeful occasions, or particular mileposts, contribute to my affection for Pakistan. The nostalgia associated with these moments creates a unique bond that energies my love for the country.  

Kainat Shakeel is a versatile Content Writer Head and Digital Marketer with a keen understanding of tech news, digital market trends, fashion, technology, laws, and regulations. As a storyteller in the digital realm, she weaves narratives that bridge the gap between technology and human experiences. With a passion for staying at the forefront of industry trends, her blog is a curated space where the worlds of fashion, tech, and legal landscapes converge.

Essay On Why I love Pakistan with Quotations

Why i love my country essay with quotations for fsc 2nd year.

Essay on Why I love Pakistan with Quotations is for the students of FSC 2nd Year. This is the most important essay for class 12 students. If you have this essay content and you need only quotations, visit Essay Quotations in English . However, I will recommend you to prepare this essay because I am sure I have taken it form Kips Notes which is very well known academy in Pakistan. Students of FSC Part 2 should visit Essays with Quotations for other topics.

You can write the same material if the Essay topic is, Essay on Why I love my Country, Patriotism Essay, Why I Love My Country Essay and Why I Love Pakistan essay. In this essay, the student will discuss the reasons for loving his country, problems of the country and solutions as well.

Why I love Pakistan Essay with Quotes for Class 10 and Class 12 – 500+ Words

I like to see a man proud of the place in which he lives. i like to see a man live so that his place will be proud of him.” – (abraham lincoln).

Patriotism is devoted love, support and defence of one’s country. It is an attachment to a homeland. This attachment can be viewed in terms of different features relating to one’s own homeland including cultural political or historical aspects. Certainly, a person becomes emotionally attached to the place where he lives. So it is a natural passion. I also love my country very much. I am proud of Pakistan . its history, culture and brave people. It is my beloved country and motherland.

“Men love their country, not because it is great, but because it is their own.” – (Seneca)

l love my country Pakistan, for its ideology. It was established on the basis of an ideology. Pakistan is the fort and heart of Islamic world. We achieved it in the name of Islam, so that we may perform our religious duties freely according to our own will. Being an Islamic state its constitution is completely based on Islamic principles. It is a state where we are free to shape our destiny. Here we are free in our political, social, religious and educational fields. It is a place where we feel safe and live a life according to our religious principles.

“A man’s country is not a certain area of land, of mountains, rivers, and woods, but it is a principle; and patriotism is loyalty to that principle.” – (George William Curtis)

I am proud of my people whose personalities and achievements inspired the people of the whole world. It’s the land where our hero, our leader Qauid-e-Azam had lived. It’s the place where the great and glorious men like Allama Muhammad Iqbal, Hafeez Jalindhari, Faiz Ahmad Faiz, Dr. Abdul Qadeer, Abdus Salam and many more had passed their magnificent lives.

“A nation reveals itself not only by the men it produces but also by the men it honours, the men it remembers.” – (John Fitzgerald Kennedy)

My country is full of many beautiful natural scenes. It is the land of mighty mountains, fast flowing rivers, beautiful valleys, outstanding landscape, lush green fields and trees. The unbelievably beautiful scenes of Kalam, Naraan, Kagaan, Sawat and Kashmir marvel the visitors. The tourists can’t help praising the awesome scenic beauty of these places.

Anyhow being true patriots, we need to remove the evils which stain our beloved land. The need of the hour is to remove corruption, unbalanced distribution of wealth, unemployment, poverty, smuggling, illiteracy and terrorism from our country. We need to encourage, justice and fundamental electoral reforms to make our country very powerful, strong, united and formidable.

“He loves his country best who strives to make it best.” – (Robert G. Ingersoll)

As I love my country, I want to see Pakistan to be a true and ideal Islamic state. For this, we all need to work individually. We need to change our character positively. l want to shape Pakistan which will be inspiring to all the nations. I wish to see my motherland a free, fearless, more united and affluent country. l have devoted all of my time for its prosperity and welfare. l am determined to propagate the ideology of Pakistan in the circles of my friends, and acquaintances. May my efforts result in success and Pakistan gets progress by leaps and bounds.

Essay on Why I Love Pakistan is good but you shouldn’t miss My Hobby Essay as well.

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10 comments.

July 13, 2018 at 8:28 am

Perfect essay! How can I download it ?

September 10, 2018 at 3:56 pm

Quite nice essay but it’s length was very short for clg student beside this u also not mentioning the sacrifices of Muslims foresee rate homeland

Zunaira Zulfiqar

August 4, 2020 at 9:25 am

zunaira zulfiqar

August 4, 2020 at 9:27 am

jazakAllah , prrfect essay

September 28, 2020 at 2:42 pm

if u writes the quotes of Pakistan scholars it will be more best …

October 23, 2020 at 10:32 pm

Its fabulous and stunning.

October 23, 2020 at 6:17 pm

Thank you for your compliment. Plz give it a share on any of your social media profile.

December 17, 2020 at 1:00 pm

Thanks for this essay .I love it.

December 17, 2020 at 8:42 am

Thak you for visiting Ilmi Hub.

December 27, 2021 at 7:41 am

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Why I Love Pakistan Essay | 400 & 500 Words

by Pakiology | Apr 21, 2024 | Essay , English | 2 comments

400 Words Essay on Why I Love Pakistan With Quotation

Pakistan is a country full of diversity and richness in culture, history, and natural beauty. From the towering peaks of the Karakoram range to the fertile plains of Punjab, Pakistan has a rich tapestry of landscapes and wonders to discover. In this essay, we will explore the reasons why we love Pakistan and why it is an incredibly special and unique country.

A Rich Cultural Heritage

Pakistan has a rich cultural heritage that is steeped in tradition and history. With a rich history dating back to the Indus Valley Civilization, Pakistan has been a hub of cultural exchange and trade for thousands of years. From the famous Mughal era monuments, such as the Lahore Fort and the Badshahi Mosque, to the vibrant traditional festivals such as the truck art and mango festival, Pakistan’s cultural heritage is rich and diverse.

Natural Beauty and Adventure

Pakistan is also home to some of the most breathtaking natural wonders in the world. From the towering peaks of the Karakoram range to the lush green valleys of Hunza, Pakistan’s natural beauty is truly awe-inspiring. Whether you are a seasoned mountaineer or just someone looking for a peaceful stroll in nature, Pakistan has something for everyone. Additionally, the country is also home to some of the world’s most challenging and exciting adventure sports, such as white-water rafting and trekking.

Hospitality and Generosity

The people of Pakistan are well known for their hospitality and generosity. Whether you are a visitor to the country or a local resident, you are sure to be welcomed with open arms and treated like royalty. The warmth and kindness of the people is one of the many reasons why we love Pakistan and it is a testament to the rich cultural heritage of the country.

A Land of Opportunity

Pakistan is a land of opportunity, with a young and growing population, a vibrant and expanding economy, and a rich cultural heritage. Whether you are an entrepreneur looking to start a new business, a student looking to further your education, or a tourist looking to explore the country’s many wonders, Pakistan has something for everyone.

In conclusion, Pakistan is a country full of diversity, richness, and beauty. From its rich cultural heritage to its stunning natural wonders, Pakistan has something for everyone. The warmth and hospitality of the people, combined with a land of opportunity, make Pakistan an incredibly special and unique country that we love and cherish.

500 Words Essay on Why I Love Pakistan

Pakistan is a country that is dear to my heart for many reasons. As a Pakistani, I am proud of my heritage and the rich culture and history of the country. I am inspired by the resilience and determination of its people, who have faced many challenges and obstacles but have always remained strong and united.

One of the things that I love about Pakistan is its natural beauty. From the towering mountains in the north to the beautiful beaches in the south, the country is blessed with a diverse and stunning landscape. The northern regions, with their snow-capped peaks and crystal-clear lakes, are particularly breathtaking. I have had the opportunity to visit many of these places, and they never fail to take my breath away.

I am also proud of Pakistan’s achievements in various fields. Despite facing many challenges, the country has made significant progress in areas such as science and technology, education, and sports. Pakistani scientists and engineers have made important contributions to the field of science and technology, and the country has a growing number of world-class educational institutions. In sports, Pakistani athletes have brought home many medals and accolades at international competitions. The success of Pakistani scientists, athletes, and scholars is a source of inspiration for me and for many other young people in the country.

The people of Pakistan are another reason why I love the country. They are hardworking, hospitable, and generous. I have had the privilege of meeting and interacting with many wonderful people from different parts of the country, and I am always struck by their kindness and warmth. Whether I am visiting a rural village or a bustling city, I am always welcomed with open arms and treated like a member of the family.

There are many other aspects of Pakistan that I love and admire. For example, I am proud of the country’s rich and diverse cultural heritage. Pakistan is home to a wide range of ethnic and linguistic groups, each with its own unique customs and traditions. This diversity adds to the richness and vibrancy of Pakistani culture, and it is something that I cherish and celebrate.

I also love the religious and spiritual diversity of Pakistan. The country is home to people of many different faiths, including Islam, Christianity, Hinduism, and others. This religious diversity is a source of strength and harmony, and it is something that I value and respect.

Pakistan is also a country with a rich culinary tradition. From the spicy curries of Punjab to the savory kebabs of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistani cuisine is diverse, delicious, and full of flavor. I love trying new dishes and experiencing the diverse culinary traditions of the country.

Pakistan is a country that I love and cherish for many reasons. Its culture, beauty, achievements, and people are all sources of pride and inspiration for me. I am grateful to be a Pakistani, and I am confident that the country will continue to grow and thrive in the years ahead.

In conclusion, I love Pakistan for its culture, beauty, achievements, and people. It is my home, and I am proud to be a Pakistani. Despite the challenges and difficulties that the country faces, I am confident that its people will continue to overcome them and build a better future for themselves and for future generations.

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Crime and Public Safety | Bronx school aide, 23, sends love letter to…

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Crime and Public Safety

Crime and public safety | bronx school aide, 23, sends love letter to 10-year-old student; attacked by child’s stepfather: nypd.

Estevan Hamilton was punched in the the face by the child’s stepfather, who stormed over to P.S. 481, the Steam Bridge School on White Plains Road in Van Nest, after the child brought the aide’s letter home to show her mother Friday.

Cops charged Hamilton with harassment and endangering the welfare of a child, cops said.

Hamilton gave the letter to the girl at school on Friday. When the child brought it home at about 1:30 p.m., the stepfather went to the school to confront the school aide , News 12 Bronx reported.

Cops were called and took Hamilton into custody. Charges against the step-father were not immediately filed.

Police were trying to determine if Hamilton had abused the child in any way. His arraignment in Bronx Criminal Court was pending Saturday.

Hamilton was one of two city employees who work at local schools to be arrested on Friday, cops said.

School Safety Agent Brian Frett, 38, was taken into custody on misdemeanor assault charges for participating in a Brooklyn street fight on April 29, cops said. Further details on the fight were not immediately disclosed.

On Wednesday, Queens high school assistant principal Michael Budhu, 51, was charged with sex abuse and acting in a manner injurious to a child after he allegedly rubbed a 15-year-old student’s leg, showed her an X-rated video and told her “this will have to happen” for her to pass his class, cops said.

Budhu was conditionally released after pleading not guilty during his arraignment in Queens Criminal Court Thursday.

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Why I Kept My Kinks a Secret

F or the past decade, while I worked on a novel, I clung to a lie. On most days, I recited this lie, out loud, as if praying, hoping to relax the panic that held me in its grip for much of that time, and still hasn’t let me go. It kept me writing, the lie, though it’s about to fall apart. I’ll let no one read this book, I told myself. It’s still what I’m saying. I’m writing this just days before the novel will publish. I think of that fact, which is inexorable, and panic’s harsh grip closes tight again.

I’ve spoken with friends and, at times, in public about this novel-incited panic. If asked what I’m afraid of, I’ve offered multiple explanations, all of which are true, fine, but partial. For one thing, Exhibit explores plural kinds of desire, including physical longing, much of it queer; having grown up Korean, Catholic, and evangelical, I can’t quite escape the triple helping of lust-prohibiting shame and guilt I’ve known since I was a child. I’ve left religion, but the old edicts have proved hard to forget. In addition, the book is peopled with fictional artists, most of them women, aiming high with their work: they’re fired by large ambitions. So am I. It can feel as though, just by divulging this, I’m inviting peril. (Isn’t the phrase “ambitious woman” code for “unlikable woman,” a friend once said; I asked if it was even a code.) Plus, one woman in Exhibit isn’t being faithful to her loving husband; a couple of the artists refuse to be parents. It’s as if I made a list of boxes a person might tick to explain why a woman ought to be disliked, perhaps despised, and then, writing this novel, I filled in each box.

I’m stalling again, though, as I have my whole life, finding it all but physically impossible to put words to it , a longing I depict in the pages most adept at provoking bona fide panic. In truth, the principal origin of my anxiety, the thing that can trap me inside hours-long fits of gasping, crying, and the false if no less potent belief I might be dying, has to do with a word I haven’t yet said here: kink.

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This isn’t my first time writing or talking about kink—in 2021, my friend Garth Greenwell and I co-edited and published a bestselling short-fiction anthology titled, well, Kink . To support that book’s publication, I also wrote essays refuting prevalent, harmful beliefs about kink, fallacies about it being abusive, malign to women, an illness requiring a cure; I spoke about kink for print, audio, the internet, and during panels and readings.

But in that deluge of words, I didn’t let slip a thing about my own proclivities. I kept the language general, usually plural: I referred to some people, many people, to groups, subcultures, communities. If I felt obliged to be specific, I alluded to what one might want. I turned fluent in talking about kink while eliding the personal; at least a few readers caviled that, as far as they could tell, I’d thought up and co-edited an anthology that spotlit kink despite having no interest in it apart from the fictional. It was, I felt certain, what I required: to hide. Or, that is, to publish the book, but while I stayed veiled in fiction’s opacities, a disguise integral to the form. I relied on Ronald Barthes’s motto, larvatus prodeo: I advance pointing to my mask.

Now, though, I’ve written an entire novel told from the position of a queer Korean American woman artist who, along with her other desires, pines to explore kink. People, I’m aware, will suspect me, a queer Korean American woman artist, of having lifted the book’s events in full from my life.

Even so, I might persist in hiding. It’s still fiction, after all. And isn’t it enough, or so I’ve thought, that I’ve told the world I’m queer? I love being queer; it’s also true that queerness is judged to be an illness by a lot of Koreans both diasporic and mainland. Not long ago—for much of Korea’s Joseon period, which lasted from 1392 to 1910—the law ordained that a Korean woman could be divorced for “excessive” talking, a so-called sin. Expelled, fending for herself, the divorced woman risked dying, a hazard my body has perhaps not forgotten, though here I am, talking about, of all things, sex. Queer sex, at that. But it’s possible this rigid mask, the passed-down fiats, aren’t helping me, let alone the writing, as much as I thought.

Kink is a large, shifting term, with outlines etched less by what it is than is not, this single word applied to an ever-changing negative space. Lina Dune , a prominent kink writer and podcaster, defines kink as any sexual act or practice diverging “one tiny step outside of what you were brought up to believe is acceptable.” So, bondage, sadomasochism, fetishes, and role play are examples of kinks, and these aren’t fringe penchants. By some measures, 40% to 70% of people might be kinky ; given the stigma, this estimate could be on the low end.

For me, kink entails playing with control. Stated, explicit power dynamics; intense physical sensations, including pain; rules—these pursuits are so crucial to my body’s understanding of sex that, in their absence, lust also goes missing. It isn’t optional, a bit of pep to add on top of the chief act. Hence, sex lacking all signs of kink isn’t quite, in any personally significant sense of the word, sex. I’ve known this to be true as far back as I can recall desiring; for about as long, I believed I should keep it quiet, that I’d be thought aberrant, wrong, for craving as I did, the yes of desire paired with this I can’t . Friends spoke about lust in ways I found puzzling, alien. To be safe, I nodded. I feigned being like them. First kisses, initial forays into sexual activity: none of it felt fulfilling, and still, I played along.

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It wasn’t until I met the person who’d become my husband that, months into dating, with great trouble, I began trying to explain. Since kink figures as central a role in who I am as being queer, a woman, Korean, a person, a living being, I had to give him the chance, I thought, to run.

So what, one might ask. Kink is visible, in public, even stylish, to an extent I didn’t think possible while I was growing up, and kink-specific gathering places exist both online and, at least in big cities, in person. No one wishing to fulfill a desire for kink who is also in possession of a phone needs to be afraid, as I used to be, of lifelong failure. People mention kink in social-media bios, in dating profiles. In the milieus I inhabit, full of writers, editors, and artists all tilting left, to kink-shame—to deride a person’s kink—is itself often judged passé, risible. Why, then, as I write this, are my hands shaking, as though my very fingers are urging me to stop, to go back into hiding?

It wasn’t long ago that being pulled to kink was classed as being disordered. Until 2013, sadomasochism, along with fetishism, was pathologized as a mental illness in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, or the DSM—a ruling with legal implications for jobs, parental rights. While kink is depicted more than it used to be in popular culture, it’s still so often tied to grave psychic damage, evil, or both that there’s a futile, tiring game I play: if a character in film or television is, say, a serial killer, an appalling villain, I track how long it takes until they’re shown engaging in kink. It can take just five, ten minutes before I’m proven right again.

Read More: Sex Changes as We Age. Let's Embrace That

It’s thus no surprise that lies about kink run wild. On the first day of the anthology Kink’s release, which, again, was a brief three years ago, the most indignant replies came from writers and editors I’d never met arguing that kink is abusive, misogynist, disordered. (Briefly, for anyone fresh to this dispute: a bright, wide line divides even the most physically rough kink from abuse—the giving and negotiating of explicit, detailed consent—and though some people do gain healing through kink, it has no more of a requisite etiology than do other kinds of sexuality.) In my own, less parochial circles, it’s still not unusual for people to question what the purpose of a fictional character’s kink might be, why it’s there, as though it has to be willed, optional, and not, as it is for me, vital.

If otherwise well-educated adults find kink confusing, it’s no wonder that youths might, too. Per a recent survey of 5,000 college students in the Midwest, conducted by Debby Herbenick, director of the Center for Sexual Health Promotion at Indiana University, two-thirds of the women said they’d been choked by a partner during sex. While a longing for sexual asphyxiation is possible, and does fall under kink’s rubric, it’s also so dangerous that many kink aficionados consider it entirely off limits. One can’t safely choke a person; lasting damage can result, up to and including death. In the study, women spoke of partners choking them without having obtained consent ahead of time, a flouting of essential, first-priority kink practices.

Kink, as Dune says, isn’t about one person forcing their will on another: instead, it’s “an ongoing conversation, a collaboration between consenting equals.” Preludial talk of desires, limits; figuring out where there is and isn’t overlap; deciding on safewords; finding ways to check in along the way; segueing from a sexual encounter into aftercare, which folds in activities that can include talking about what took place, to bring oneself back to a less charged state—all this, too, is part of kink.

For a lot of people, kink can be a less bewildering landscape to navigate than more orthodox types of sex. In lieu of abiding by fixed scripts of what sex ought to be, one listens to one’s individual body, following and articulating what’s desired. Zoë Peterson, a scientist and clinical psychologist who directs the Kinsey Institute’s Sexual Assault Initiative, notes that, with the U.S.’s dearth of sex education, some people might never be asked, “What do you like and not like?” It can be highly difficult for people to think about this, let alone speak it aloud, and to another person. Sex-related shame bedevils most of us, not just the kink-inclined. And so, Peterson says, she tends to “hold up the kink community as a good model of sexual-consent communication.” In other words, these consent practices can be useful to people at large.

I ask Peterson how she’d respond to a still-widespread objection to this kind of dialogue, that consent made so precise is off-putting, clinical, lacking space for abandon, spontaneity. Here, too, she says, kink communities provide a model. “I don't think anyone's like, ‘Kink isn't sexy,’” she says, with a laugh. “No one says that.”

I’m doing it again : referring to people , to one . Scientists pointing to kink as a benign model, the talk of detailed consent—it all sounds so logical, so calm that I almost forget the panic stifling each attempt I’ve ever made to voice my own desires.

But along with the pervading stigma, here’s what else I find terrifying: part of what I want, the shape of how I lust, could be mistaken as lining up with painful, absurd lies about women who look like me—that we’re docile, hypersexual, pliant, willing to be ill-used. It’s a myth distorting our histories in the U.S., codified in the 1875 Page Act , which stopped the immigration of Chinese women on the pretext that they were “immoral.” It’s also present in any number of violent acts toward Asian women, and people who present as women, including the 2021 Atlanta spa shootings , which the killer tried to explain with a so-called “sex addiction,” a concept not recognized in psychiatric literature but one many people, not excluding the media, quickly accepted as a real disease.

Both after and before the Atlanta shootings, I’ve written and spoken about injustice from the vantage point of being a Korean woman, an Asian woman. I’ve heard from thousands of Asian people, most often women, about their own experiences of racism . It was, and is, a profound honor to be trusted with such griefs. I’ve also received death threats, rape threats, as replies to what I wrote; I’ve been chased down the street by men, had my ass grabbed in bars. Less violent, but also infuriating, are the times people have fancied it’s right to tell me what to do, have assayed to push me around. None of this is special. It’s not unique, is the problem. But as a result, for a long while, I’ve tried, with how I dress, talk, and hold myself, to project what others might interpret as strength, an effort that’s felt all the more urgent as I publish words that people read.

I’m afraid that, by unveiling desires I’ve kept hidden, I’ll spoil this effort. And that, given the nature of some of what I want, I’ll add to the terrible lies about us. Might, then, get more of us hurt, killed. On the one hand, this sounds histrionic, over-the-top: it’s just a novel, I tell myself, and I’m one person. Still, the bigoted and ignorant can be so easily misled, by almost nothing. Each novel births a world. Shame, guilt then spring up: what am I, a Korean woman, doing, talking about sex at all? I should hide again, back where it’s safe.

But this, but that: the abiding panic spirals, its coil tight. In the lulls, when its grip goes slack, I’m able to trust in what else I believe about books. The solitude I used to know, when I thought I was alone with strange desires, my body wrong, abnormal—that long isolation, too, twined me with the pall of something like death. Other people’s words, books, and art, by offering kinship, pulled me free, provided a refuge. It felt salvific, finding the solitude to be an illusion: learning that even I, at least in private, could live as my full self.

Despite the panic, I did write Exhibit , a chronicle of kinky, queer, Korean American women intent on pursuing what they want. Striving to bring to the novel all the skills I possess, I hoped to claim that this, too, the it I’ve often wished gone, belongs in literature. Which is also saying it belongs, period, as do I. Our bodies aren’t wrong. If allowed the option of changing, excising kink from my body, I’d refuse. For what else could I be, and why would I want to? Kink has brought me such delight. Exhibit’s narrator, Jin Han, spends much of the novel working to move out of hiding. I’m trying to follow her there.

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Book Review: Memoirist Lilly Dancyger’s penetrating essays explore the power of female friendships

This cover image released by Dial Press shows “First Love” by Lilly Dancyger. (Dial Press via AP)

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Who means more to you — your friends or your lovers? In a vivid, thoughtful and nuanced collection of essays, Lilly Dancyger explores the powerful role that female friendships played in her chaotic upbringing marked by her parents’ heroin use and her father’s untimely death when she was only 12.

“First Love: Essays on Friendship” begins with a beautiful paean to her cousin Sabina, who was raped and murdered at age 20 on her way home from a club. As little kids, their older relatives used to call them Snow White and Rose Red after the Grimm’s fairy tale, “two sisters who are not rivals or foils, but simply love each other.”

That simple, uncomplicated love would become the template for a series of subsequent relationships with girls and women that helped her survive her self-destructive adolescence and provided unconditional support as she scrambled to create a new identity as a “hypercompetent” writer, teacher and editor. “It’s true that I’ve never been satisfied with friendships that stay on the surface. That my friends are my family, my truest beloveds, each relationship a world of its own,” she writes in the title essay “First Love.”

The collection stands out not just for its elegant, unadorned writing but also for the way she effortlessly pivots between personal history and spot-on cultural criticism that both comments on and critiques the way that girls and women have been portrayed — and have portrayed themselves — in the media, including on online platforms like Tumblr and Instagram.

For instance, she examines the 1994 Peter Jackson film, “Heavenly Creatures,” based on the true story of two teenage girls who bludgeoned to death one of their mothers. And in the essay “Sad Girls,” about the suicide of a close friend, she analyzes the allure of self-destructive figures like Sylvia Plath and Janis Joplin to a certain type of teen, including herself, who wallows in sadness and wants to make sure “the world knew we were in pain.”

In the last essay, “On Murder Memoirs,” Dancyger considers the runaway popularity of true crime stories as she tries to explain her decision not to attend the trial of the man charged with killing her cousin — even though she was trained as a journalist and wrote a well-regarded book about her late father that relied on investigative reporting. “When I finally sat down to write about Sabina, the story that came out was not about murder at all,” she says. “It was a love story.”

Readers can be thankful that it did.

AP book reviews: https://apnews.com/hub/book-reviews