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Historical Background

Several conferences and agreements led up to the 1945 San Francisco Conference when the text of the Charter was finalized, adopted and signed. ​

• The  1946-1947 Yearbook  of the United Nations provides a detailed overview of the events. 
• A procedural history is available in the UN Audiovisual Library of International Law.
• The 70 Years, 70 documents exhibit provides additional information. 

Between the adoption of the Charter and the beginning of the functioning of the United Nations, the Preparatory Commission and its subsidiaries worked on many practical matters and made recommendations to the UN organs.

Key texts were published in United Nations Documents, 1941-1945 , published by the Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1946.

Resources and Links

• United Nations Documents, 1941-1945 / Royal Institute of International Affairs Call Number: Ref 341.1 (049) U58 Date: 1946 Collection of key texts related to the origins of the United Nations, including outcome documents of: St. James's Palace Meeting, Atlantic Charter, Moscow Conference, UNRRA Constitution, Tehran Conference, Cairo Conference, Bretton Woods Conference, Dumbarton Oaks Conversations, Crimea Conference, San Francisco Conference. Digital version available in the Internet Archive, accessed 19 Jan. 2015.
• Audiovisual Library of International Law : Historic Archives : Charter of the United Nations The Audiovisual Library of International Law Historic Archives has a procedural history for the Charter with links to digitized photos and video footage of the San Francisco Conference.
• 75 Years, 75 Documents: 1941-1945 Online exhibit prepared for the 75th anniversary of the founding of the UN, with links to key UN resources related to the events leading to the establishment of the United Nations.
• 1946-47 Yearbook of the United Nations The 1946-1947 Yearbook of the United Nations has a detailed history of the negotiations leading up to the adoption of the Charter.

San Francisco Conference, 1945

The United Nations Conference on International Organization , was held in San Francisco, California, 25 April - 26 June 1945, to draft the Charter of the United Nations and the Statute of the International Court of Justice. The text was based on earlier proposals, negotiated in various subsidiary bodies, and finally adopted unanimously  in a plenary meeting of the Conference on 25 June 1945.

Representatives of 50 countries participated in the San Francisco Conference. The Charter was opened for signature on 26 June 1945. The representatives of 50 countries signed on 26 June ; Poland signed on 15 October 1945. 

China was the first country to sign the UN Charter on 26 June 1945. Then, according to the 1946-1947 UN Yearbook , page 33, "It was arranged that the signatures of the U.S.S.R., the United Kingdom and France should follow, and then, in alphabetical order, the remaining nations, with the United States, as host country, signing last. As each delegation came forward to sign, its chairman made an official speech to commemorate his country's participation in the work of the Conference."

In accordance with Article 110, the Charter entered into force on 24 October 1945, after ratification by the five permanent members of the Security Council and a majority of the other countries. Twenty-two countries subsequently deposited their instruments of ratification.

• Documents of the United Nations Conference on International Organization / Compiled by United Nations Staff Call Number: LSA 341.13 U51 ISBN: 9781575884158 Date: 1955 Available online in the UN Digital Library. This is the complete documentary "legislative history" of United Nations Conference on International Organization, which was held in San Francisco in 1945. The collection of documents was originally made available as follows: volumes 1-15 were published by the United Nations Organization in cooperation with the Library of Congress. A 16th volume was added in 1946 which indexes the first 15volumes. The collection was completed with volumes 17-22, the bilingual, supplemental volumes & indexes published in 1954 by the Secretary-General of the United Nations. Volumes 16, 21 & 22 are indexes.
• Find in a Library: Documents of the United Nations Conference on International Organization, San Francisco, 1945 Search results in the WorldCat database for libraries that hold this multi-volume set.

• Multimedia : Search results for "San Francisco Conference" in UN Audiovisual Library Film and audio from the collections of the Audiovisual Libraries of the UN.
• UN Archives: UNCIO 1945
• UN Membership: Founding Member States A list of the founding Member States of the United Nations with information about the date of signature and ratification of the Charter.

Preparatory Commission of the United Nations, 1945

The Preparatory Commission of the United Nations was established by the San Francisco Conference on 25 June 1945 through the adoption of the "Interim Arrangements Concluded by the Governments Represented at the United Nations Conference on International Organization".

The Preparatory Commission was established to make practical arrangements for the transition from a proposal embodied in the Charter to a functioning organization. According to the document, the Commission:

• was established "for the purpose of making provisional arrangements for the first sessions of the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, and the Trusteeship Council, for the establishment of the Secretariat, and for the convening of the International Court of Justice"
• Executive Committee was composed of the representatives of the governments on the Executive Committee of the Conference
• convocation of the first session of the General Assembly
• preparation of the agendas for the first sessions of the principal organs
• making recommendations regarding the "possible transfer of certain functions, activities, and assets of the League of Nations" to the United Nations
• making recommendations about the Secretariat and the location of the permanent headquarters
• met in London
• ceased to exist "upon the election of the Secretary-General" of the United Nations

Key Documents

Report of the executive committee to the preparatory commission.

• PC/EX/113/Rev.1

Report of the Preparatory Commission

• reports on matters related to the International Court of Justice
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• the organization of the Secretariat and draft Staff Regulations and Staff Rules
• budgetary and financial arrangements
• the location of the headquarters
• Interim Arrangements Concluded by the Governments Represented at the United Nations Conference on International Organization Document establishing the Preparatory Commission of the United Nations. From, Documents of the United Nations Conference on International Organizations, vol. 15, p. 512-513.
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40 Facts About Elektrostal

Written by Lanette Mayes

Modified & Updated: 21 May 2024

Reviewed by Jessica Corbett

Elektrostal is a vibrant city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia. With a rich history, stunning architecture, and a thriving community, Elektrostal is a city that has much to offer. Whether you are a history buff, nature enthusiast, or simply curious about different cultures, Elektrostal is sure to captivate you.

This article will provide you with 40 fascinating facts about Elektrostal, giving you a better understanding of why this city is worth exploring. From its origins as an industrial hub to its modern-day charm, we will delve into the various aspects that make Elektrostal a unique and must-visit destination.

So, join us as we uncover the hidden treasures of Elektrostal and discover what makes this city a true gem in the heart of Russia.

Key Takeaways:

• Elektrostal, known as the “Motor City of Russia,” is a vibrant and growing city with a rich industrial history, offering diverse cultural experiences and a strong commitment to environmental sustainability.
• With its convenient location near Moscow, Elektrostal provides a picturesque landscape, vibrant nightlife, and a range of recreational activities, making it an ideal destination for residents and visitors alike.

Known as the “Motor City of Russia.”

Elektrostal, a city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia, earned the nickname “Motor City” due to its significant involvement in the automotive industry.

Home to the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Elektrostal is renowned for its metallurgical plant, which has been producing high-quality steel and alloys since its establishment in 1916.

Boasts a rich industrial heritage.

Elektrostal has a long history of industrial development, contributing to the growth and progress of the region.

Founded in 1916.

The city of Elektrostal was founded in 1916 as a result of the construction of the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Located approximately 50 kilometers east of Moscow.

Elektrostal is situated in close proximity to the Russian capital, making it easily accessible for both residents and visitors.

Known for its vibrant cultural scene.

Elektrostal is home to several cultural institutions, including museums, theaters, and art galleries that showcase the city’s rich artistic heritage.

A popular destination for nature lovers.

Surrounded by picturesque landscapes and forests, Elektrostal offers ample opportunities for outdoor activities such as hiking, camping, and birdwatching.

Hosts the annual Elektrostal City Day celebrations.

Every year, Elektrostal organizes festive events and activities to celebrate its founding, bringing together residents and visitors in a spirit of unity and joy.

Has a population of approximately 160,000 people.

Elektrostal is home to a diverse and vibrant community of around 160,000 residents, contributing to its dynamic atmosphere.

Boasts excellent education facilities.

The city is known for its well-established educational institutions, providing quality education to students of all ages.

A center for scientific research and innovation.

Elektrostal serves as an important hub for scientific research, particularly in the fields of metallurgy , materials science, and engineering.

Surrounded by picturesque lakes.

The city is blessed with numerous beautiful lakes , offering scenic views and recreational opportunities for locals and visitors alike.

Well-connected transportation system.

Elektrostal benefits from an efficient transportation network, including highways, railways, and public transportation options, ensuring convenient travel within and beyond the city.

Famous for its traditional Russian cuisine.

Food enthusiasts can indulge in authentic Russian dishes at numerous restaurants and cafes scattered throughout Elektrostal.

Home to notable architectural landmarks.

Elektrostal boasts impressive architecture, including the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord and the Elektrostal Palace of Culture.

Offers a wide range of recreational facilities.

Residents and visitors can enjoy various recreational activities, such as sports complexes, swimming pools, and fitness centers, enhancing the overall quality of life.

Provides a high standard of healthcare.

Elektrostal is equipped with modern medical facilities, ensuring residents have access to quality healthcare services.

Home to the Elektrostal History Museum.

The Elektrostal History Museum showcases the city’s fascinating past through exhibitions and displays.

A hub for sports enthusiasts.

Elektrostal is passionate about sports, with numerous stadiums, arenas, and sports clubs offering opportunities for athletes and spectators.

Celebrates diverse cultural festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal hosts a variety of cultural festivals, celebrating different ethnicities, traditions, and art forms.

Electric power played a significant role in its early development.

Elektrostal owes its name and initial growth to the establishment of electric power stations and the utilization of electricity in the industrial sector.

Boasts a thriving economy.

The city’s strong industrial base, coupled with its strategic location near Moscow, has contributed to Elektrostal’s prosperous economic status.

Houses the Elektrostal Drama Theater.

The Elektrostal Drama Theater is a cultural centerpiece, attracting theater enthusiasts from far and wide.

Popular destination for winter sports.

Elektrostal’s proximity to ski resorts and winter sport facilities makes it a favorite destination for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter activities.

Promotes environmental sustainability.

Elektrostal prioritizes environmental protection and sustainability, implementing initiatives to reduce pollution and preserve natural resources.

Home to renowned educational institutions.

Elektrostal is known for its prestigious schools and universities, offering a wide range of academic programs to students.

Committed to cultural preservation.

The city values its cultural heritage and takes active steps to preserve and promote traditional customs, crafts, and arts.

Hosts an annual International Film Festival.

The Elektrostal International Film Festival attracts filmmakers and cinema enthusiasts from around the world, showcasing a diverse range of films.

Encourages entrepreneurship and innovation.

Elektrostal supports aspiring entrepreneurs and fosters a culture of innovation, providing opportunities for startups and business development.

Offers a range of housing options.

Elektrostal provides diverse housing options, including apartments, houses, and residential complexes, catering to different lifestyles and budgets.

Home to notable sports teams.

Elektrostal is proud of its sports legacy, with several successful sports teams competing at regional and national levels.

Boasts a vibrant nightlife scene.

Residents and visitors can enjoy a lively nightlife in Elektrostal, with numerous bars, clubs, and entertainment venues.

Promotes cultural exchange and international relations.

Elektrostal actively engages in international partnerships, cultural exchanges, and diplomatic collaborations to foster global connections.

Surrounded by beautiful nature reserves.

Nearby nature reserves, such as the Barybino Forest and Luchinskoye Lake, offer opportunities for nature enthusiasts to explore and appreciate the region’s biodiversity.

Commemorates historical events.

The city pays tribute to significant historical events through memorials, monuments, and exhibitions, ensuring the preservation of collective memory.

Promotes sports and youth development.

Elektrostal invests in sports infrastructure and programs to encourage youth participation, health, and physical fitness.

Hosts annual cultural and artistic festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal celebrates its cultural diversity through festivals dedicated to music, dance, art, and theater.

Provides a picturesque landscape for photography enthusiasts.

The city’s scenic beauty, architectural landmarks, and natural surroundings make it a paradise for photographers.

Connects to Moscow via a direct train line.

The convenient train connection between Elektrostal and Moscow makes commuting between the two cities effortless.

A city with a bright future.

Elektrostal continues to grow and develop, aiming to become a model city in terms of infrastructure, sustainability, and quality of life for its residents.

In conclusion, Elektrostal is a fascinating city with a rich history and a vibrant present. From its origins as a center of steel production to its modern-day status as a hub for education and industry, Elektrostal has plenty to offer both residents and visitors. With its beautiful parks, cultural attractions, and proximity to Moscow, there is no shortage of things to see and do in this dynamic city. Whether you’re interested in exploring its historical landmarks, enjoying outdoor activities, or immersing yourself in the local culture, Elektrostal has something for everyone. So, next time you find yourself in the Moscow region, don’t miss the opportunity to discover the hidden gems of Elektrostal.

Q: What is the population of Elektrostal?

A: As of the latest data, the population of Elektrostal is approximately XXXX.

Q: How far is Elektrostal from Moscow?

A: Elektrostal is located approximately XX kilometers away from Moscow.

Q: Are there any famous landmarks in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to several notable landmarks, including XXXX and XXXX.

Q: What industries are prominent in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal is known for its steel production industry and is also a center for engineering and manufacturing.

Q: Are there any universities or educational institutions in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to XXXX University and several other educational institutions.

Q: What are some popular outdoor activities in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal offers several outdoor activities, such as hiking, cycling, and picnicking in its beautiful parks.

Q: Is Elektrostal well-connected in terms of transportation?

A: Yes, Elektrostal has good transportation links, including trains and buses, making it easily accessible from nearby cities.

Q: Are there any annual events or festivals in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal hosts various events and festivals throughout the year, including XXXX and XXXX.

Elektrostal's fascinating history, vibrant culture, and promising future make it a city worth exploring. For more captivating facts about cities around the world, discover the unique characteristics that define each city . Uncover the hidden gems of Moscow Oblast through our in-depth look at Kolomna. Lastly, dive into the rich industrial heritage of Teesside, a thriving industrial center with its own story to tell.

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Leadership: Research Findings, Practice, and Skills | 8th Edition

Available study tools, mindtap management, 1 term (6 months) instant access for dubrin's leadership: research findings, practice, and skills, about this product.

Perfect for instructors who take a practical, skill-building approach to teaching leadership, the eighth edition of LEADERSHIP provides an ideal balance of essential theory and real-world applications. Andrew DuBrin, a highly respected author and consultant, incorporates the latest research on leadership and current business practices from academic journals and popular periodicals. The text provides students with a strong practical foundation by introducing leaders they can relate to and reinforcing their knowledge with frequent skill-building activities. Key updates include new opening vignettes and end-of-chapter cases, numerous additional skill-building exercises, and a role-playing or other experiential activity linked to all end-of-chapter cases. In addition, LEADERSHIP is available with MindTap for the first time. Mindtap is a personalized, fully online digital learning platform of authoritative Cengage Learning content, assignments, and services that engages students with interactivity while offering you a choice in the configuration of course work and enhancement of the curriculum. MindTap guides students through the course curriculum via an innovative Learning Path Navigator where they complete interactive self-assessments reading assignments, annotate your readings, complete homework, and engage with quizzes and assessments.

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Elektrostal

Elektrostal Localisation : Country Russia , Oblast Moscow Oblast . Available Information : Geographical coordinates , Population, Area, Altitude, Weather and Hotel . Nearby cities and villages : Noginsk , Pavlovsky Posad and Staraya Kupavna .

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Leadership: Research Findings, Practice, and Skills 2nd Edition

There is a newer edition of this item:.

• ISBN-10 0395856647
• ISBN-13 978-0395856642
• Edition 2nd Edition
• Publisher Houghton Mifflin
• Publication date January 1, 1998
• Language English
• Dimensions 0.75 x 7.75 x 9.5 inches
• See all details

Product details

• Publisher ‏ : ‎ Houghton Mifflin; 2nd Edition (January 1, 1998)
• Language ‏ : ‎ English
• ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0395856647
• ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0395856642
• Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 1.98 pounds
• Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 0.75 x 7.75 x 9.5 inches

About the author

Andrew j. dubrin.

Andrew J. DuBrin is a Professor Management emeritus at the Saunders College of Business at the Rochester Institute of Technology, where he has taught courses in organizational behavior, leadership, and career management. He received his PhD in industrial/organizational psychology at Michigan State University.

DuBrin has business experience in human resource management, and consults with organizational and individuals. His specialties include leadership, organizational politics including influence tactics and impression management, and career development. He is an established author of professional books, text books, and trade books, and also contributes to professional journals.

Many of the examples and cases in his book stem from personal contacts, including family members, friends, and his experiences as a customer.

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