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Globalization

Covering a wide range of distinct political, economic, and cultural trends, the term “globalization” remains crucial to contemporary political and academic debate. In contemporary popular discourse, globalization often functions as little more than a synonym for one or more of the following phenomena: the pursuit of classical liberal (or “free market”) policies in the world economy (“economic liberalization”), the growing dominance of western (or even American) forms of political, economic, and cultural life (“westernization” or “Americanization”), a global political order built on liberal notions of international law (the “global liberal order”), an ominous network of top-down rule by global elites (“globalism” or “global technocracy”), the proliferation of new information technologies (the “Internet Revolution”), as well as the notion that humanity stands at the threshold of realizing one single unified community in which major sources of social conflict have vanished (“global integration”). Globalization is a politically-contested phenomenon about which there are significant disagreements and struggles, with many nationalist and populist movements and leaders worldwide (including Turkey’s Recep Erdoğan, Hungary’s Viktor Orbán, and former US President Donald Trump) pushing back against what they view as its unappealing features.

Fortunately, recent social theory has formulated a more precise concept of globalization than those typically offered by politicians and pundits. Although sharp differences continue to separate participants in the ongoing debate about the term, most contemporary social theorists endorse the view that globalization refers to fundamental changes in the spatial and temporal contours of social existence, according to which the significance of space or territory undergoes shifts in the face of a no less dramatic acceleration in the temporal structure of crucial forms of human activity. Geographical distance is typically measured in time. As the time necessary to connect distinct geographical locations is reduced, distance or space undergoes compression or “annihilation.” The human experience of space is intimately connected to the temporal structure of those activities by means of which we experience space. Changes in the temporality of human activity inevitably generate altered experiences of space or territory. Theorists of globalization disagree about the precise sources of recent shifts in the spatial and temporal contours of human life. Nonetheless, they generally agree that alterations in humanity’s experiences of space and time are working to undermine the importance of local and even national boundaries in many arenas of human endeavor. Since globalization contains far-reaching implications for virtually every facet of human life, it necessarily suggests the need to rethink key questions of normative political theory.

1. Globalization in the History of Ideas

2. globalization in contemporary social theory, 3. the normative challenges of globalization, other internet resources, related entries.

The term globalization has only become commonplace in the last three decades, and academic commentators who employed the term as late as the 1970s accurately recognized the novelty of doing so (Modelski 1972). At least since the advent of industrial capitalism, however, intellectual discourse has been replete with allusions to phenomena strikingly akin to those that have garnered the attention of recent theorists of globalization. Nineteenth and twentieth-century philosophy, literature, and social commentary include numerous references to an inchoate yet widely shared awareness that experiences of distance and space are inevitably transformed by the emergence of high-speed forms of transportation (for example, rail and air travel) and communication (the telegraph or telephone) that dramatically heighten possibilities for human interaction across existing geographical and political divides (Harvey 1989; Kern 1983). Long before the introduction of the term globalization into recent popular and scholarly debate, the appearance of novel high-speed forms of social activity generated extensive commentary about the compression of space.

Writing in 1839, an English journalist commented on the implications of rail travel by anxiously postulating that as distance was “annihilated, the surface of our country would, as it were, shrivel in size until it became not much bigger than one immense city” (Harvey 1996, 242). A few years later, Heinrich Heine, the émigré German-Jewish poet, captured this same experience when he noted: “space is killed by the railways. I feel as if the mountains and forests of all countries were advancing on Paris. Even now, I can smell the German linden trees; the North Sea’s breakers are rolling against my door” (Schivelbusch 1978, 34). Another young German émigré, the socialist theorist Karl Marx, in 1848 formulated the first theoretical explanation of the sense of territorial compression that so fascinated his contemporaries. In Marx’s account, the imperatives of capitalist production inevitably drove the bourgeoisie to “nestle everywhere, settle everywhere, and establish connections everywhere.” The juggernaut of industrial capitalism constituted the most basic source of technologies resulting in the annihilation of space, helping to pave the way for “intercourse in every direction, universal interdependence of nations,” in contrast to a narrow-minded provincialism that had plagued humanity for untold eons (Marx 1848, 476). Despite their ills as instruments of capitalist exploitation, Marx argued, new technologies that increased possibilities for human interaction across borders ultimately represented a progressive force in history. They provided the necessary infrastructure for a cosmopolitan future socialist civilization, while simultaneously functioning in the present as indispensable organizational tools for a working class destined to undertake a revolution no less oblivious to traditional territorial divisions than the system of capitalist exploitation it hoped to dismantle.

European intellectuals have hardly been alone in their fascination with the experience of territorial compression, as evinced by the key role played by the same theme in early twentieth-century American thought. In 1904, the literary figure Henry Adams diagnosed the existence of a “law of acceleration,” fundamental to the workings of social development, in order to make sense of the rapidly changing spatial and temporal contours of human activity. Modern society could only be properly understood if the seemingly irrepressible acceleration of basic technological and social processes was given a central place in social and historical analysis (Adams 1931 [1904]). John Dewey argued in 1927 that recent economic and technological trends implied the emergence of a “new world” no less noteworthy than the opening up of America to European exploration and conquest in 1492. For Dewey, the invention of steam, electricity, and the telephone offered formidable challenges to relatively static and homogeneous forms of local community life that had long represented the main theatre for most human activity. Economic activity increasingly exploded the confines of local communities to a degree that would have stunned our historical predecessors, for example, while the steamship, railroad, automobile, and air travel considerably intensified rates of geographical mobility. Dewey went beyond previous discussions of the changing temporal and spatial contours of human activity, however, by suggesting that the compression of space posed fundamental questions for democracy. Dewey observed that small-scale political communities (for example, the New England township), a crucial site for the exercise of effective democratic participation, seemed ever more peripheral to the great issues of an interconnected world. Increasingly dense networks of social ties across borders rendered local forms of self-government ineffective. Dewey wondered, “How can a public be organized, we may ask, when literally it does not stay in place?” (Dewey 1927, 140). To the extent that democratic citizenship minimally presupposes the possibility of action in concert with others, how might citizenship be sustained in a social world subject to ever more astonishing possibilities for movement and mobility? New high-speed technologies attributed a shifting and unstable character to social life, as demonstrated by increased rates of change and turnover in many arenas of activity (most important perhaps, the economy) directly affected by them, and the relative fluidity and inconstancy of social relations there. If citizenship requires some modicum of constancy and stability in social life, however, did not recent changes in the temporal and spatial conditions of human activity bode poorly for political participation? How might citizens come together and act in concert when contemporary society’s “mania for motion and speed” made it difficult for them even to get acquainted with one another, let alone identify objects of common concern? (Dewey 1927, 140).

The unabated proliferation of high-speed technologies is probably the main source of the numerous references in intellectual life since 1950 to the annihilation of distance. The Canadian cultural critic Marshall McLuhan made the theme of a technologically based “global village,” generated by social “acceleration at all levels of human organization,” the centerpiece of an anxiety-ridden analysis of new media technologies in the 1960s (McLuhan 1964, 103). Arguing in the 1970s and 1980s that recent shifts in the spatial and temporal contours of social life exacerbated authoritarian political trends, the French social critic Paul Virilio seemed to confirm many of Dewey’s darkest worries about the decay of democracy. According to his analysis, the high-speed imperatives of modern warfare and weapons systems strengthened the executive and debilitated representative legislatures. The compression of territory thereby paved the way for executive-centered emergency government (Virilio 1977). But it was probably the German philosopher Martin Heidegger who most clearly anticipated contemporary debates about globalization. Heidegger not only described the “abolition of distance” as a constitutive feature of our contemporary condition, but he linked recent shifts in spatial experience to no less fundamental alterations in the temporality of human activity: “All distances in time and space are shrinking. Man now reaches overnight, by places, places which formerly took weeks and months of travel” (Heidegger 1950, 165). Heidegger also accurately prophesied that new communication and information technologies would soon spawn novel possibilities for dramatically extending the scope of virtual reality : “Distant sites of the most ancient cultures are shown on film as if they stood this very moment amidst today’s street traffic…The peak of this abolition of every possibility of remoteness is reached by television, which will soon pervade and dominate the whole machinery of communication” (Heidegger 1950, 165). Heidegger’s description of growing possibilities for simultaneity and instantaneousness in human experience ultimately proved no less apprehensive than the views of many of his predecessors. In his analysis, the compression of space increasingly meant that from the perspective of human experience “everything is equally far and equally near.” Instead of opening up new possibilities for rich and multi-faceted interaction with events once distant from the purview of most individuals, the abolition of distance tended to generate a “uniform distanceless” in which fundamentally distinct objects became part of a bland homogeneous experiential mass (Heidegger 1950, 166). The loss of any meaningful distinction between “nearness” and “distance” contributed to a leveling down of human experience, which in turn spawned an indifference that rendered human experience monotonous and one-dimensional.

Since the mid-1980s, social theorists have moved beyond the relatively underdeveloped character of previous reflections on the compression or annihilation of space to offer a rigorous conception of globalization. To be sure, major disagreements remain about the precise nature of the causal forces behind globalization, with David Harvey (1989 1996) building directly on Marx’s pioneering explanation of globalization, while others (Giddens 19990; Held, McGrew, Goldblatt & Perraton 1999) question the exclusive focus on economic factors characteristic of the Marxist approach. Nonetheless, a consensus about the basic rudiments of the concept of globalization appears to be emerging.

First, recent analysts associate globalization with deterritorialization , according to which a growing variety of social activities takes place irrespective of the geographical location of participants. As Jan Aart Scholte observes, “global events can – via telecommunication, digital computers, audiovisual media, rocketry and the like – occur almost simultaneously anywhere and everywhere in the world” (Scholte 1996, 45). Globalization refers to increased possibilities for action between and among people in situations where latitudinal and longitudinal location seems immaterial to the social activity at hand. Even though geographical location remains crucial for many undertakings (for example, farming to satisfy the needs of a local market), deterritorialization manifests itself in many social spheres. Business people on different continents now engage in electronic commerce; academics make use of the latest Internet conferencing equipment to organize seminars in which participants are located at disparate geographical locations; the Internet allows people to communicate instantaneously with each other notwithstanding vast geographical distances separating them. Territory in the sense of a traditional sense of a geographically identifiable location no longer constitutes the whole of “social space” in which human activity takes places. In this initial sense of the term, globalization refers to the spread of new forms of non-territorial social activity (Ruggie 1993; Scholte 2000).

Second, theorists conceive of globalization as linked to the growth of social interconnectedness across existing geographical and political boundaries. In this view, deterritorialization is a crucial facet of globalization. Yet an exclusive focus on it would be misleading. Since the vast majority of human activities is still tied to a concrete geographical location, the more decisive facet of globalization concerns the manner in which distant events and forces impact on local and regional endeavors (Tomlinson 1999, 9). For example, this encyclopedia might be seen as an example of a deterritorialized social space since it allows for the exchange of ideas in cyberspace. The only prerequisite for its use is access to the Internet. Although substantial inequalities in Internet access still exist, use of the encyclopedia is in principle unrelated to any specific geographical location. However, the reader may very well be making use of the encyclopedia as a supplement to course work undertaken at a school or university. That institution is not only located at a specific geographical juncture, but its location is probably essential for understanding many of its key attributes: the level of funding may vary according to the state or region where the university is located, or the same academic major might require different courses and readings at a university in China, for example, than in Argentina or Norway. Globalization refers to those processes whereby geographically distant events and decisions impact to a growing degree on “local” university life. For example, the insistence by powerful political leaders in wealthy countries that the International Monetary Fund (IMF) or World Bank recommend to Latin and South American countries that they commit themselves to a particular set of economic policies might result in poorly paid teachers and researchers as well as large, understaffed lecture classes in São Paolo or Lima; the latest innovations in information technology from a computer research laboratory in India could quickly change the classroom experience of students in British Columbia or Tokyo. Globalization refers “to processes of change which underpin a transformation in the organization of human affairs by linking together and expanding human activity across regions and continents” (Held, McGrew, Goldblatt & Perraton 1999, 15). Globalization in this sense is a matter of degree since any given social activity might influence events more or less faraway: even though a growing number of activities seems intermeshed with events in distant continents, certain human activities remain primarily local or regional in scope. Also, the magnitude and impact of the activity might vary: geographically removed events could have a relatively minimal or a far more extensive influence on events at a particular locality. Finally, we might consider the degree to which interconnectedness across frontiers is no longer merely haphazard but instead predictable and regularized (Held, McGrew, Goldblatt & Perraton 1999).

Third, globalization must also include reference to the speed or velocity of social activity. Deterritorialization and interconnectedness initially seem chiefly spatial in nature. Yet it is easy to see how these spatial shifts are directly tied to the acceleration of crucial forms of social activity. As we observed above in our discussion of the conceptual forerunners to the present-day debate on globalization, the proliferation of high-speed transportation, communication, and information technologies constitutes the most immediate source for the blurring of geographical and territorial boundaries that prescient observers have diagnosed at least since the mid-nineteenth century. The compression of space presupposes rapid-fire forms of technology; shifts in our experiences of territory depend on concomitant changes in the temporality of human action. High-speed technology only represents the tip of the iceberg, however. The linking together and expanding of social activities across borders is predicated on the possibility of relatively fast flows and movements of people, information, capital, and goods. Without these fast flows, it is difficult to see how distant events could possibly posses the influence they now enjoy. High-speed technology plays a pivotal role in the velocity of human affairs. But many other factors contribute to the overall pace and speed of social activity. The organizational structure of the modern capitalist factory offers one example; certain contemporary habits and inclinations, including the “mania for motion and speed” described by Dewey, represent another. Deterritorialization and the expansion of interconnectedness are intimately tied to the acceleration of social life, while social acceleration itself takes many different forms (Eriksen 2001; Rosa 2013). Here as well, we can easily see why globalization is always a matter of degree. The velocity or speed of flows, movements, and interchanges across borders can vary no less than their magnitude, impact, or regularity.

Fourth, even though analysts disagree about the causal forces that generate globalization, most agree that globalization should be conceived as a relatively long-term process . The triad of deterritorialization, interconnectedness, and social acceleration hardly represents a sudden or recent event in contemporary social life. Globalization is a constitutive feature of the modern world, and modern history includes many examples of globalization (Giddens 1990). As we saw above, nineteenth-century thinkers captured at least some of its core features; the compression of territoriality composed an important element of their lived experience. Nonetheless, some contemporary theorists believe that globalization has taken a particularly intense form in recent decades, as innovations in communication, transportation, and information technologies (for example, computerization) have generated stunning new possibilities for simultaneity and instantaneousness (Harvey 1989). In this view, present-day intellectual interest in the problem of globalization can be linked directly to the emergence of new high-speed technologies that tend to minimize the significance of distance and heighten possibilities for deterritorialization and social interconnectedness. Although the intense sense of territorial compression experienced by so many of our contemporaries is surely reminiscent of the experiences of earlier generations, some contemporary writers nonetheless argue that it would be mistaken to obscure the countless ways in which ongoing transformations of the spatial and temporal contours of human experience are especially far-reaching. While our nineteenth-century predecessors understandably marveled at the railroad or the telegraph, a comparatively vast array of social activities is now being transformed by innovations that accelerate social activity and considerably deepen longstanding trends towards deterritorialization and social interconnectedness. To be sure, the impact of deterritorialization, social interconnectedness, and social acceleration are by no means universal or uniform: migrant workers engaging in traditional forms of low-wage agricultural labor in the fields of southern California, for example, probably operate in a different spatial and temporal context than the Internet entrepreneurs of San Francisco or Seattle. Distinct assumptions about space and time often coexist uneasily during a specific historical juncture (Gurvitch 1964). Nonetheless, the impact of recent technological innovations is profound, and even those who do not have a job directly affected by the new technology are shaped by it in innumerable ways as citizens and consumers (Eriksen 2001, 16).

Fifth, globalization should be understood as a multi-pronged process, since deterritorialization, social interconnectedness, and acceleration manifest themselves in many different (economic, political, and cultural) arenas of social activity. Although each facet of globalization is linked to the core components of globalization described above, each consists of a complex and relatively autonomous series of empirical developments, requiring careful examination in order to disclose the causal mechanisms specific to it (Held, McGrew, Goldblatt & Perraton 1999). Each manifestation of globalization also generates distinct conflicts and dislocations. For example, there is substantial empirical evidence that cross-border flows and exchanges (of goods, people, information, etc.), as well as the emergence of directly transnational forms of production by means of which a single commodity is manufactured simultaneously in distant corners of the globe, are gaining in prominence (Castells 1996). High-speed technologies and organizational approaches are employed by transnationally operating firms, the so-called “global players,” with great effectiveness. The emergence of “around-the-world, around-the-clock” financial markets, where major cross-border financial transactions are made in cyberspace at the blink of an eye, represents a familiar example of the economic face of globalization. Global financial markets also challenge traditional attempts by liberal democratic nation-states to rein in the activities of bankers, spawning understandable anxieties about the growing power and influence of financial markets over democratically elected representative institutions. In political life, globalization takes a distinct form, though the general trends towards deterritorialization, interconnectedness across borders, and the acceleration of social activity are fundamental here as well. Transnational movements, in which activists employ rapid-fire communication technologies to join forces across borders in combating ills that seem correspondingly transnational in scope (for example, the depletion of the ozone layer), offer an example of political globalization (Tarrow 2005). Another would be the tendency towards ambitious supranational forms of social and economic lawmaking and regulation, where individual nation-states cooperate to pursue regulation whose jurisdiction transcends national borders no less than the cross-border economic processes that undermine traditional modes of nation state-based regulation. Political scientists typically describe such supranational organizations (the European Union, for example, or United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement, or USMCA) as important manifestations of political and legal globalization. The proliferation of supranational organizations has been no less conflict-laden than economic globalization, however. Critics insist that local, regional, and national forms of self-government are being supplanted by insufficiently democratic forms of global governance remote from the needs of ordinary citizens (Maus 2006; Streeck 2016). In contrast, defenders describe new forms of supranational legal and political decision as indispensable forerunners to more inclusive and advanced forms of self-government, even as they worry about existing democratic deficits and technocratic traits (Habermas 2015).

The wide-ranging impact of globalization on human existence means that it necessarily touches on many basic philosophical and political-theoretical questions. At a minimum, globalization suggests that academic philosophers in the rich countries of the West should pay closer attention to the neglected voices and intellectual traditions of peoples with whom our fate is intertwined in ever more intimate ways (Dallmayr 1998). In this section, however, we focus exclusively on the immediate challenges posed by globalization to normative political theory.

Western political theory has traditionally presupposed the existence of territorially bound communities, whose borders can be more or less neatly delineated from those of other communities. In this vein, the influential liberal political philosopher John Rawls described bounded communities whose fundamental structure consisted of “self-sufficient schemes of cooperation for all the essential purposes of human life” (Rawls 1993, 301). Although political and legal thinkers historically have exerted substantial energy in formulating defensible normative models of relations between states (Nardin and Mapel 1992), like Rawls they typically have relied on a clear delineation of “domestic” from “foreign” affairs. In addition, they have often argued that the domestic arena represents a normatively privileged site, since fundamental normative ideals and principles (for example, liberty or justice) are more likely to be successfully realized in the domestic arena than in relations among states. According to one influential strand within international relations theory, relations between states are more-or-less lawless. Since the achievement of justice or democracy, for example, presupposes an effective political sovereign, the lacuna of sovereignty at the global level means that justice and democracy are necessarily incomplete and probably unattainable there. In this conventional realist view of international politics, core features of the modern system of sovereign states relegate the pursuit of western political thought’s most noble normative goals primarily to the domestic arena (Mearsheimer 2003.) Significantly, some prominent mid-century proponents of international realism rejected this position’s deep hostility to international law and supranational political organization, in part because they presciently confronted challenges that we now typically associate with intensified globalization (Scheuerman 2011).

Globalization poses a fundamental challenge to each of these traditional assumptions. It is no longer self-evident that nation-states can be described as “self-sufficient schemes of cooperation for all the essential purposes of human life” in the context of intense deterritorialization and the spread and intensification of social relations across borders. The idea of a bounded community seems suspect given recent shifts in the spatio-temporal contours of human life. Even the most powerful and privileged political units are now subject to increasingly deterritorialized activities (for example, global financial markets or digitalized mass communication) over which they have limited control, and they find themselves nested in webs of social relations whose scope explodes the confines of national borders. Of course, in much of human history social relations have transcended existing political divides. However, globalization implies a profound quantitative increase in and intensification of social relations of this type. While attempts to offer a clear delineation of the “domestic” from the “foreign” probably made sense at an earlier juncture in history, this distinction no longer accords with core developmental trends in many arenas of social activity. As the possibility of a clear division between domestic and foreign affairs dissipates, the traditional tendency to picture the domestic arena as a privileged site for the realization of normative ideals and principles becomes problematic as well. As an empirical matter, the decay of the domestic-foreign frontier seems highly ambivalent, since it might easily pave the way for the decay of the more attractive attributes of domestic political life: as “foreign” affairs collapse inward onto “domestic” political life, the insufficiently lawful contours of the former make disturbing inroads onto the latter (Scheuerman 2004). As a normative matter, however, the disintegration of the domestic-foreign divide probably calls for us to consider, to a greater extent than ever before, how our fundamental normative commitments about political life can be effectively achieved on a global scale. If we take the principles of justice or democracy seriously, for example, it is no longer self-evident that the domestic arena is the exclusive or perhaps even main site for their pursuit, since domestic and foreign affairs are now deeply and irrevocably intermeshed. In a globalizing world, the lack of democracy or justice in the global setting necessarily impacts deeply on the pursuit of justice or democracy at home. Indeed, it may no longer be possible to achieve our normative ideals at home without undertaking to do so transnationally as well.

To claim, for example, that questions of distributive justice have no standing in the making of foreign affairs represents at best empirical naivete about economic globalization. At worst, it constitutes a disingenuous refusal to grapple with the fact that the material existence of those fortunate enough to live in the rich countries is inextricably tied to the material status of the vast majority of humanity residing in poor and underdeveloped regions. Growing material inequality spawned by economic globalization is linked to growing domestic material inequality in the rich democracies (Falk 1999; Pogge 2002). Similarly, in the context of global warming and the destruction of the ozone layer, a dogmatic insistence on the sanctity of national sovereignty risks constituting a cynical fig leaf for irresponsible activities whose impact extends well beyond the borders of those countries most directly responsible. Global warming and ozone-depletion cry out for ambitious forms of transnational cooperation and regulation, and the refusal by the rich democracies to accept this necessity implies a failure to take the process of globalization seriously when doing so conflicts with their immediate material interests. Although it might initially seem to be illustrative of clever Realpolitik on the part of the culpable nations to ward off strict cross-border environmental regulation, their stubbornness is probably short-sighted: global warming and ozone depletion will affect the children of Americans who drive gas-guzzling SUVs or use environmentally unsound air-conditioning as well as the future generations of South Africa or Afghanistan (Cerutti 2007). If we keep in mind that environmental degradation probably impacts negatively on democratic politics (for example, by undermining its legitimacy and stability), the failure to pursue effective transnational environmental regulation potentially undermines democracy at home as well as abroad.

Philosophers and political theorists have eagerly addressed the normative and political implications of our globalizing world. A lively debate about the possibility of achieving justice at the global level pits representatives of cosmopolitanism against myriad communitarians, nationalists, realists, and others who privilege the nation-state and moral, political, and social ties resting on it (Lieven 2020; Tamir 2019). In contrast, cosmopolitans tend to underscore our universal obligations to those who reside faraway and with whom we may share little in the way of language, custom, or culture, oftentimes arguing that claims to “justice at home” can and should be applied elsewhere as well (Beardsworth 2011; Beitz 1999; Caney 2006; Wallace-Brown & Held 2010). In this way, cosmopolitanism builds directly on the universalistic impulses of modern moral and political thought. Cosmopolitanism’s critics dispute the view that our obligations to foreigners possess the same status as those to members of particular local and national communities of which we remain very much a part. They by no means deny the need to redress global inequality, for example, but they often express skepticism in the face of cosmopolitanism’s tendency to defend significant legal and political reforms as necessary to address the inequities of a planet where millions of people a year die of starvation or curable diseases (Miller 2007; 2013; Nagel 2005). Nor do cosmopolitanism’s critics necessarily deny that the process of globalization is real, though some of them suggest that its impact has been grossly exaggerated (Kymlicka 1999; Nussbaum et al . 1996; Streeck 2016). Nonetheless, they doubt that humanity has achieved a rich or sufficiently articulated sense of a common fate such that far-reaching attempts to achieve greater global justice (for example, substantial redistribution from the rich to poor) could prove successful. Cosmopolitans not only counter with a flurry of universalist and egalitarian moral arguments, but they also accuse their opponents of obscuring the threat posed by globalization to the particular forms of national community whose ethical primacy communitarians, nationalists, and others endorse. From the cosmopolitan perspective, the tendency to favor moral and political obligations to fellow members of the nation-state represents a misguided and increasingly reactionary nostalgia for a rapidly decaying constellation of political practices and institutions.

A similar divide characterizes the ongoing debate about the prospects of democratic institutions at the global level. In a cosmopolitan mode, Daniele Archibugi (2008) and the late David Held (1995) have argued that globalization requires the extension of liberal democratic institutions (including the rule of law and elected representative institutions) to the transnational level. Nation state-based liberal democracy is poorly equipped to deal with deleterious side effects of present-day globalization such as ozone depletion or burgeoning material inequality. In addition, a growing array of genuinely transnational forms of activity calls out for correspondingly transnational modes of liberal democratic decision-making. According to this model, “local” or “national” matters should remain under the auspices of existing liberal democratic institutions. But in those areas where deterritorialization and social interconnectedness across national borders are especially striking, new transnational institutions (for example, cross-border referenda), along with a dramatic strengthening and further democratization of existing forms of supranational authority (in particular, the United Nations), are necessary if we are to assure that popular sovereignty remains an effective principle. In the same spirit, cosmopolitans debate whether a loose system of global “governance” suffices, or instead cosmopolitan ideals require something along the lines of a global “government” or state (Cabrera 2011; Scheuerman 2014). Jürgen Habermas, a prominent cosmopolitan-minded theorist, has tried to formulate a defense of the European Union that conceives of it as a key stepping stone towards supranational democracy. If the EU is to help succeed in salvaging the principle of popular sovereignty in a world where the decay of nation state-based democracy makes democracy vulnerable, the EU will need to strengthen its elected representative organs and better guarantee the civil, political, and social and economic rights of all Europeans (Habermas 2001, 58–113; 2009). Representing a novel form of postnational constitutionalism, it potentially offers some broader lessons for those hoping to save democratic constitutionalism under novel global conditions. Despite dire threats to the EU posed by nationalist and populist movements, Habermas and other cosmopolitan-minded intellectuals believe that it can be effectively reformed and preserved (Habermas 2012).

In opposition to Archibugi, Held, Habermas, and other cosmopolitans, skeptics underscore the purportedly utopian character of such proposals, arguing that democratic politics presupposes deep feelings of trust, commitment, and belonging that remain uncommon at the postnational and global levels. Largely non-voluntary commonalities of belief, history, and custom compose necessary preconditions of any viable democracy, and since these commonalities are missing beyond the sphere of the nation-state, global or cosmopolitan democracy is doomed to fail (Archibugi, Held, and Koehler 1998; Lieven 2020). Critics inspired by realist international theory argue that cosmopolitanism obscures the fundamentally pluralistic, dynamic, and conflictual nature of political life on our divided planet. Notwithstanding its pacific self-understanding, cosmopolitan democracy inadvertently opens the door to new and even more horrible forms of political violence. Cosmpolitanism’s universalistic normative discourse not only ignores the harsh and unavoidably agonistic character of political life, but it also tends to serve as a convenient ideological cloak for terrible wars waged by political blocs no less self-interested than the traditional nation state (Zolo 1997, 24).

Ongoing political developments suggest that such debates are of more than narrow scholarly interest. Until recently, some of globalization’s key prongs seemed destined to transform human affairs in seemingly permanent ways: economic globalization, as well as the growth of a panoply of international and global political and legal institutions, continued to transpire at a rapid rate. Such institutional developments, it should be noted, were interpreted by some cosmopolitan theorists as broadly corroborating their overall normative aspirations. With the resurgence of nationalist and populist political movements, many of which diffusely (and sometimes misleadingly) target elements of globalization, globalization’s future prospects seem increasingly uncertain. For example, with powerful political leaders regularly making disdainful remarks about the UN and EU, it seems unclear whether one of globalization’s most striking features, i.e., enhanced political and legal decision-making “beyond the nation state,” will continue unabated. Tragically perhaps, the failure to manage economic globalization so as to minimize avoidable inequalities and injustices has opened the door to a nationalist and populist backlash, with many people now ready to embrace politicians and movements promising to push back against “free trade,” relatively porous borders (for migrants and refugees), and other manifestations of globalization (Stiglitz 2018). Even if it seems unlikely that nationalists or populists can succeed in fully halting, let alone reversing, structural trends towards deterritorialization, intensified interconnectedness, and social acceleration, they may manage to reshape them in ways that cosmopolitans are likely to find alarming. Whether or not nationalists and populists can successfully respond to many fundamental global challenges (e.g., climate change or nuclear proliferation), however, remains far less likely.

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How to cite this entry . Preview the PDF version of this entry at the Friends of the SEP Society . Look up topics and thinkers related to this entry at the Internet Philosophy Ontology Project (InPhO). Enhanced bibliography for this entry at PhilPapers , with links to its database.

• Global Transformations: Politics, Economics and Culture , by Held, McGrew, Goldblatt, and Perraton. This is the Student Companion Site at wiley.com

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Term Paper: Globalization – Definition & Types | Processes | Economics

After reading this term paper you will learn about:- 1. Definition of Globalization 2. Phases of Globalization 3. Types  4. Measurement 5. Factors 6. Effects 7. Advantages 8. Disadvantages.

Term Paper on Globalization

Term Paper Contents:

• Term Paper on the Disadvantages of Globalization

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1. Term Paper on Globalization (Definition):

Globalization is the process of organizing the whole world into a single integrated marketing unit. It is also defined as the process of trans border free flow of products, services, people, culture, technology, and finance.

It leads to the integration of economic, cultural, political, and social systems across national borders Globalization is also referred to as internationalization by some persons. Both these terms are used as synonyms. However, some people use these terms separately.

With various globalization such as phases of globalization, types (kinds) of globalization, global connectivity, measurement of globalization, factors affecting globalization, advantages of globalization and disadvantages of globalization.

ADVERTISEMENTS: (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); 2. Term Paper on Globalization (Phases):

Globalization is not a new phenomenon. It started with human civilization.

In the past 130 years, modern historians have identified three stages or phases of globalization, viz.:

(i) First phase,

(ii) Second phase, and

(iii) Third phase.

i. First Phase of Globalization:

This phase of globalization started from 1870 and ended in 1913 with outbreak of the First World War.

The main features of first phase are given below:

(i) There was marked mobility of capital.

(ii) The labour mobility was high.

(iii) The magnitude of free trade was limited.

(iv) The global institutions were non-existent.

(v) The National Institutions were heterogeneous and were not well organized.

The First World War had adverse effects on the process of globalization i.e. flow of products, services, labour, and technology across the countries. It started resuming since 1930 gain and got setback from 1940 to 1944 due to Second World War.

ii. Second Phase of Globalization:

The second phase of globalization started from 1945 and culminated in 1973.

The main features of this phase are given below:

(i) The mobility of capital was low than first phase.

(ii) The labour mobility was low.

(iii) The magnitude of free trade was low.

(iv) The global Institutions were getting created during this period.

(v) The National Institutions were heterogeneous and were not standardizes.

iii. Third Phase of Globalization:

The third phase of globalization started from 1974 and is still in progress. It is also known as the current phase of globalization.

Main features of this phase are given below:

(i) The mobility of the capital is high.

(ii) The labour mobility is low.

(iii) The magnitude of free trade is extreme.

(iv) The International Institutes started functioning.

(v) The National Institutions have been standardized.

(vi) The on line global transactions are possible.

(vii) Information technology is being used extensively.

ADVERTISEMENTS: (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); 3. Term Paper on Globalization (Types):

There are five main types of globalization, viz.:

i. Economic Globalization:

It refers to trans-country flow of capital/finance or money.

Main effects of economic globalization are:

(a) Enhancement in world-wide economic relationships.

(b) Increase in international trade at a faster rate than the growth in the world economy..

(c) Increase in international flow of capital including foreign direct investment.

(d) Creation, of international agreements leading to organizations like the WTO and OPEC.

(e) Development of global financial systems.

(f) Increased role of international organizations such as WTO, WIPO, and IMF that deal with international transactions.

(g) Increase of economic practices like outsourcing, by multinational corporations.

ii. Production Globalization:

It refers to trans-country flow of goods or products. It leads to transnational production of various goods or products. In such system, a product can be manufactured in several countries of the world with same quality.

iii. Cultural Globalization:

It refers to trans-country flow of culture.

The main effects of cultural globalization are:

(a) Greater international cultural exchange,

(b) Spreading of multiculturalism, and better individual access to cultural diversity,

(c) Greater international travel and tourism,

(d) Greater immigration, including illegal immigration

(e) Spread of local foods such as pizza and Indian food to other countries

(f) Development of a global telecommunications infrastructure and greater trans-border data flow, using such technologies as the Internet, communication satellites and telephones.

(g) Increase in the number of standards applied globally; e.g. copyright laws and patents.

(h) Formation or development of a set of universal values.

(i) Spread of local goods, dresses and language to other countries.

iv. Information Globalization:

It refers to trans-border flow of knowledge, ideas and information. It is also known as communication globalization or technological globalization. It makes use of information technology and permits on line global transactions.

v. Ecological Globalization:

It refers to global protection of ecosystem from degradation and pollution.

Main features of ecological globalization are given below:

(a) It prevents ecosystem from various types of risks.

(b) It requires global collective action.

(c) It is also known as ecosystem globalization or environmental globalization.

(d) It leads to protection of environment globalization.

4. Term Paper on Globalization (Measurement):

The rate or extent of globalization is measured on yearly basis.

Different types of globalizations are measured separately as follows:

The data transfer border flow of capital or finance or money and direct foreign investment.

The data of trans country mobility of goods and products.

The mobility of tourist, travellers, and traders across the countries.

The data of information flow across the borders.

The work done for the protection of global ecosystem.

5. Term Paper on Globalization (Factors):

The rate of globalization is affected by several factors such as:

(i) Global Atmosphere:

The peaceful global atmosphere promotes globalization, whereas the war situation restricts globalization. The globalization was adversely affected during First and Second World war period.

(ii) Natural Calamities:

Natural calamities such as earth quake, tornadoes, floods and disease epidemic have adverse effects on the rate of globalization.

(iii) International Relationships:

Harmonious relationships among countries enhance the rate of globalization, whereas disharmonious relationships restrict the process of globalization.

(iv) Means of Transportation:

Better means of transportation among countries promotes globalization, whereas poor transportation system restricts the globalization.

(v) Means of Communication:

Better means of communication promotes globalization, whereas poor means of communication restricts the globalization.

(vi) Tourist Places:

Good and large number of tourist places in a country will attract tourists and travelers and vice versa.

(vii) Demand:

The demand of goods, services and information in other countries will enhance the international trade and the globalization.

6. Term Paper on Globalization (Effects):

The globalization has effects on movement of goods, services, information, finance, people, spread of cultures and ideas, markets, export and intellectual properties etc.

These are briefly discussed below:

i. Flow of Goods, Services Information etc.:

There is enhancement in the information flow between geographically remote locations and more trans-border data flow using communication satellites, the Internet, wireless telephones etc.

ii. Markets:

The global common market has a freedom of exchange of goods and capital. The worldwide production and financial markets emerge. The free trade zones are formed having less or no tariffs.

iii. Access to Goods and Finance:

There is a broad access to a range of goods for consumers and companies. Corporate, national and sub-national borrowers have a better access to external finance.

iv. Solution of Global Problems:

Global environmental problems like cross- boundary pollution, over fishing on oceans, climate changes are solved by discussions International criminal courts and international justice movements are launched.

v. Uniform Standards:

The standards applied globally like patents, copyright laws and world trade agreements increase.

vi. Spread of Culture:

Globalization leads to spread of cultures as there is individual access to cultural diversity. This diversity decreases due to hybridization or assimilation. There is enhancement in worldwide fads and pop culture. The cross-cultural contacts grow and cultural diffusion takes place.

vii. Movement of People:

The international travel and tourism increases and immigration between countries increases. The worldwide sporting events like the Olympic Games and the FIFA World Cup are held. The free circulation of people of different nations leads to social benefits.

viii. Export:

The local consumer products are exported to other countries. There is an increase in the desire to use foreign ideas and products, adopt new practices and technologies and be a part of world culture.

ix. Reduction in Transport Cost and Subsidies:

Due to development of containerization for ocean shipping, the transportation costs are reduced. The subsidies for local businesses decrease and there is reduction in capital controls.

x. Recognition of Intellectual Property:

There is supranational recognition of intellectual property restrictions i.e. patents authorized by one country are recognized in another.

7. Term Paper on Globalization (Advantages):

Some important advantages of globalization are listed below:

i. Connectivity:

People around the world are more connected to each other than ever before. Global mass media connects all the people in the world.

ii. Relationships:

The relationships between counties improve and the possibility of war between the developed countries decreases. The interdependence among Nations increases.

iii. Freedom of Trade:

It increases free trade between countries and reduces the international barriers.

iv. Investment Opportunity:

As the liquidity of capital increases, developed countries can invest in developing ones. The flexibility of corporations to operate across borders increases.

v. Integration:

It leads to integration or consolidation of global markets. In other words the markets are interlinked. It is much easier for people to travel, communicate and do business internationally.

vi. Quality and Price:

There is improvement in quality and reduction in price due to competition among different companies.

vii. Flow of Goods and Services:

Information, money, technology and products flow across the border quicker than ever before. Products produced in one part of a country are available to the rest of the world. There is increase flow of communication between the individuals and corporations in the world. The movement of goods and people across the border is faster than ever before.

viii. Standard of Living:

Globalization offers a higher standard of living for people in rich countries and is the only realistic route out of poverty for the world’s poor. It is claimed that globalization increases the economic prosperity and opportunity in the developing world. All the countries involved in the free trade are at a profit. As a result, there are lower prices, more employment and a better standard of life in these developing nations.

ix. Efficient use of Resources:

The civil liberties are enhanced and there is a more efficient use of resources. The environmental protection in developed countries increases.

x. Spread of Culture:

Globalization leads to better cultural understanding and tolerance. Due to improved transport facilities, more and more people are traveling to different countries, thereby spreading their culture to other parts of the world. Reduction of cultural barriers increases the global village effect. There is spread of democratic ideals.

8. Term Paper on Globalization (Disadvantages):

There are some disadvantages of globalization which are listed below:

i. Increase in Population:

Trans country flow of people will lead to increase in the population of certain countries especially in developed countries due to better facilities.

ii. Small Industries:

It will have adverse effects on small scale industries which cannot compete in global market in terms of quality and price, Thus there will be hold of big industries.

iii. Employment:

There will be adverse effect on employment due to close down of small industries.

iv. Monetary Gain:

This will lead to tough competition among companies leading to loss in monetary gain.

v. Terrorism:

Trans border flow of people may lead to increase in criminal activities and terrorism.

vi. Spread of Diseases:

There is greater risk of unintentional transmission of diseases between nations,

vii. This may lead to widening of gap between rich and poor countries.

viii. This may lead to exploitation of workers specially labours.

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Globalization - Free Essay Samples And Topic Ideas

Globalization refers to the process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale. Essays on globalization could explore its economic, political, and cultural dimensions, analyzing its impact on trade, communication, and societal norms. They might delve into the advantages and disadvantages of globalization, its role in accelerating technological innovation and cultural exchange, and its impact on state sovereignty, inequality, and global governance structures. A substantial compilation of free essay instances related to Globalization you can find at PapersOwl Website. You can use our samples for inspiration to write your own essay, research paper, or just to explore a new topic for yourself.

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Essay About Globalization Globalization can be defined as the process of integration among individuals, corporates, and governments in the world (Pieterse, 2019). The term is also used to describe the spread of goods, technology, culture, and information across country boundaries. Globalization has served to reshape the economic landscape of the United States with the introduction of new technologies, the exchange of business ideologies, and corporate culture. Through globalization, local companies are also expanding their operations, opening outlets, and acquisition strategies in foreign countries. Globalization has also significantly changed the internal environment of many businesses with organization managements forced to develop strategies that would accommodate the changes associated with it. One of the ways through which globalization has changed the internal environment of organizations is through organizational diversity (Borjas, 2015). With the increase in immigration as facilitated by globalization, the organization that I worked for was characterized by staff members from different ethnicities and cultural backgrounds. The human resource in the organization responded to office diversity through several team-building strategies to enhance cohesion and coordination among the staff members. The organization's Human Resource Management also responded through the inclusion of minority groups in various leadership positions as a strategy to motivate employees and also accommodate them in the overall goal of the organization. A code of ethics was also developed that served to promote employee integration and tolerance while harsh penalties for any employees that propelled any form of racial or cultural segregation. Also, as a strategy to accommodate the minority groups, the organization regularly celebrated the various cultures while employees were also given a holiday off to celebrate their respective holidays. The organization was also able to use diversity to enhance decision-making and utilize more creative approaches in problem-solving. Cultural diversity also played a significant role in the marketing operations of the organization whereby the organization was able to reach out to foreign cultures within the country with the help of employees from the organization who are more conversant with the behavior of the market from their cultures. Employees were also able to attend to clients from their cultures and this also helped in service delivery and customer retention.

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The State of Globalization in 2021

• Steven A. Altman
• Caroline R. Bastian

Trade, capital, and information flows have stabilized, recovered, and even grown in the past year.

As the coronavirus swept the world, closing borders and halting international trade and capital flows, there were questions about the pandemic’s lasting impact on globalization. But a close look at the recent data paints a much more optimistic picture. While international travel remains significantly down and is not expected to rebound until 2023, cross-border trade, capital, and information flows have largely stabilized, recovered, or even grown over the last year. The bottom line for business is that Covid-19 has not knocked globalization down to anywhere close to what would be required for strategists to narrow their focus to their home countries or regions.

Cross-border flows plummeted in 2020 as the Covid-19 pandemic swept the world, reinforcing doubts about the future of globalization. As we move into 2021, the latest data paint a clearer — and more hopeful — picture. Global business is not going away, but the landscape is shifting, with important implications for strategy and management.

• Steven A. Altman is a senior research scholar, adjunct assistant professor, and director of the DHL Initiative on Globalization at the NYU Stern Center for the Future of Management .
• CB Caroline R. Bastian is a research scholar at the DHL Initiative on Globalization.

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Effects of Economic Globalization

Globalization has led to increases in standards of living around the world, but not all of its effects are positive for everyone.

Social Studies, Economics, World History

Bangladesh Garment Workers

The garment industry in Bangladesh makes clothes that are then shipped out across the world. It employs as many as four million people, but the average worker earns less in a month than a U.S. worker earns in a day.

Photograph by Mushfiqul Alam

Put simply, globalization is the connection of different parts of the world. In economics, globalization can be defined as the process in which businesses, organizations, and countries begin operating on an international scale. Globalization is most often used in an economic context, but it also affects and is affected by politics and culture. In general, globalization has been shown to increase the standard of living in developing countries, but some analysts warn that globalization can have a negative effect on local or emerging economies and individual workers. A Historical View Globalization is not new. Since the start of civilization, people have traded goods with their neighbors. As cultures advanced, they were able to travel farther afield to trade their own goods for desirable products found elsewhere. The Silk Road, an ancient network of trade routes used between Europe, North Africa, East Africa, Central Asia, South Asia, and the Far East, is an example of early globalization. For more than 1,500 years, Europeans traded glass and manufactured goods for Chinese silk and spices, contributing to a global economy in which both Europe and Asia became accustomed to goods from far away. Following the European exploration of the New World, globalization occurred on a grand scale; the widespread transfer of plants, animals, foods, cultures, and ideas became known as the Columbian Exchange. The Triangular Trade network in which ships carried manufactured goods from Europe to Africa, enslaved Africans to the Americas, and raw materials back to Europe is another example of globalization. The resulting spread of slavery demonstrates that globalization can hurt people just as easily as it can connect people. The rate of globalization has increased in recent years, a result of rapid advancements in communication and transportation. Advances in communication enable businesses to identify opportunities for investment. At the same time, innovations in information technology enable immediate communication and the rapid transfer of financial assets across national borders. Improved fiscal policies within countries and international trade agreements between them also facilitate globalization. Political and economic stability facilitate globalization as well. The relative instability of many African nations is cited by experts as one of the reasons why Africa has not benefited from globalization as much as countries in Asia and Latin America. Benefits of Globalization Globalization provides businesses with a competitive advantage by allowing them to source raw materials where they are inexpensive. Globalization also gives organizations the opportunity to take advantage of lower labor costs in developing countries, while leveraging the technical expertise and experience of more developed economies. With globalization, different parts of a product may be made in different regions of the world. Globalization has long been used by the automotive industry , for instance, where different parts of a car may be manufactured in different countries. Businesses in several different countries may be involved in producing even seemingly simple products such as cotton T-shirts. Globalization affects services, too. Many businesses located in the United States have outsourced their call centers or information technology services to companies in India. As part of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), U.S. automobile companies relocated their operations to Mexico, where labor costs are lower. The result is more jobs in countries where jobs are needed, which can have a positive effect on the national economy and result in a higher standard of living. China is a prime example of a country that has benefited immensely from globalization. Another example is Vietnam, where globalization has contributed to an increase in the prices for rice, lifting many poor rice farmers out of poverty. As the standard of living increased, more children of poor families left work and attended school. Consumers benefit also. In general, globalization decreases the cost of manufacturing . This means that companies can offer goods at a lower price to consumers. The average cost of goods is a key aspect that contributes to increases in the standard of living. Consumers also have access to a wider variety of goods. In some cases, this may contribute to improved health by enabling a more varied and healthier diet; in others, it is blamed for increases in unhealthy food consumption and diabetes. Downsides Not everything about globalization is beneficial. Any change has winners and losers, and the people living in communities that had been dependent on jobs outsourced elsewhere often suffer. Effectively, this means that workers in the developed world must compete with lower-cost markets for jobs; unions and workers may be unable to defend against the threat of corporations that offer the alternative between lower pay or losing jobs to a supplier in a less expensive labor market. The situation is more complex in the developing world, where economies are undergoing rapid change. Indeed, the working conditions of people at some points in the supply chain are deplorable. The garment industry in Bangladesh, for instance, employs an estimated four million people, but the average worker earns less in a month than a U.S. worker earns in a day. In 2013, a textile factory building collapsed, killing more than 1,100 workers. Critics also suggest that employment opportunities for children in poor countries may increase negative impacts of child labor and lure children of poor families away from school. In general, critics blame the pressures of globalization for encouraging an environment that exploits workers in countries that do not offer sufficient protections. Studies also suggest that globalization may contribute to income disparity and inequality between the more educated and less educated members of a society. This means that unskilled workers may be affected by declining wages, which are under constant pressure from globalization. Into the Future Regardless of the downsides, globalization is here to stay. The result is a smaller, more connected world. Socially, globalization has facilitated the exchange of ideas and cultures, contributing to a world view in which people are more open and tolerant of one another.

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World History Project - Origins to the Present

Course: world history project - origins to the present   >   unit 7, read: introduction to globalization.

• READ: International Institutions
• READ: Rise of China
• BEFORE YOU WATCH: Eradicating Smallpox
• WATCH: Eradicating Smallpox
• BEFORE YOU WATCH: Global China into the 21st Century
• WATCH: Global China into the 21st Century
• READ: Goods Across the World
• BEFORE YOU WATCH: Globalization I - The Upside
• WATCH: Globalization I - The Upside
• BEFORE YOU WATCH: Nonviolence and Peace Movements
• WATCH: Nonviolence and Peace Movements
• READ: Population and Environmental Trends, 1880 to the Present
• READ: Is the World Flat or Spiky?
• Global Interactions and Institutions

First read: preview and skimming for gist

Second read: key ideas and understanding content.

• What late twentieth-century trends, according to the author, led people to create the term “globalization”?
• What are some historical trends that accelerated globalization before the late twentieth century?
• What are some impacts of globalization in terms of migration and economics?
• What are some positive impacts of globalization, according to the author?
• What are some negative impacts of globalization, according to the author?

Third read: evaluating and corroborating

• What does globalization look like from your perspective? How does it affect your family and community? Do you think it has been a good thing for you? Why or why not?
• Globalization looks very differently studied through each of the three course frames. Pick one of the three course frames and describe the effects of globalization on your home town or neighborhood using only that frame narrative. How would your results have been different if you had chosen a different frame?

Introduction to Globalization

What is globalization, globalization’s effect on communities and economies, the pros and cons of globalization, want to join the conversation.

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620 Inspiring Globalization Essay Topics & Examples

Struggle with picking up the right topics for essay? In this article, you will find some useful writing tips, ideas, and globalization research questions for your paper.

Let’s dive in!

🌎 How to write an Outstanding Globalization Essay?

🏆 best globalization topics for essay, 👍 good essay questions about globalization, 🎓 simple & easy globalization research topics, 🥇 most interesting globalization topics for discussion, 💡 globalization topics for presentation, 📌 good research topics about globalization, ❓ globalization research questions.

Writing an essay on globalization is an interesting task that will require you to learn a lot of information about the issue.

Globalization affects all countries and their populations significantly, and it is vital to discuss its impact. You can study globalization from the perspective of many topics, such as politics, ecology, countries’ economies, and political sciences.

Globalization essay topics may include:

• Positive and negative effects of globalization
• The correlation between globalization and democratization: The perspective of developing countries
• The link between globalization and economics
• The effect of globalization on the world’s political realm
• The link between globalization and the development of technologies
• The significance of environmental awareness from the perspective of globalization
• Globalization and intelligence sharing
• Globalization essay: Advantages and disadvantages of globalization

Regardless of what issue you have selected, you should follow several simple rules while writing your paper. Here are some key points for writing outstanding globalization essays:

• To write an excellent paper, you should work on the globalization essay outline first. Think of how you want to structure your paper and remember that a good outline should help the reader to understand the information better.
• Search for the information that may be related to the problem you have selected. Remember to ask your professor about the types of sources you can use. As a general rule, students can always use peer-reviewed articles not more than five years old. However, do not forget to check credible websites to see if you can find useful information there.
• Remember not to include facts that you cannot support with evidence. This common mistake can make your essay look less credible.
• Checking out examples of essays online can help you to see how you can organize the information. This step is also important because it can help you to analyze the points other students have made in their essays.
• Include an introductory paragraph that will present the topic you have selected and outline the ideas you will discuss in the paper.
• Remember to present the definition of globalization. You should also discuss its effects even though your essay is focused on a different issue. It is important to help readers understand the significance of globalization and the problem you discuss.
• Do not focus on the information you have found during your preliminary research solely. It is important to state your personal opinion in the paper and support it with evidence. Avoid repeating the points mentioned in the literature without adding your commentary on them.
• Remember that an outstanding essay should be easy-to-understand. Avoid using unnecessary complex sentences, and define all terms that you want to include. Your goal should be not to show your knowledge but raise the audience’s awareness of the issue you are discussing.
• A globalization essay conclusion should include all of the important points you have made throughout the paper. You can also provide recommendations in this paragraph if necessary.
• Make sure that you use correct grammar and sentence structures in your essay. Grammatical mistakes may make the reader think that your opinion is not credible. It is better to check the essay several times before sending it to your professor.

Remember that you can check out our free samples and get the best grade for your works!

• Four Perspectives on Globalization This essay will explore four perspectives of globalization: the transformationalist perspective, the skeptical perspective, the hyperglobalist perspective, and the constructivist perspective. The perspectives on globalization include the transformationalist perspective, the skeptical perspective, the hyperglobalist perspective, […]
• Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalization Essay The report suggests the ways governments and companies may implement to reduce the negative impact of the process as well. The disadvantages of globalization are that it causes the transfer of job from developed to […]
• IKEA Globalization Strategy Benefits and Limits Case Study This paper will cover the benefits of globalization that IKEA experienced, the importance of cross-cultural understanding, and the limits of the global market.
• Social Media and Globalization: Positive and Negative Effects Essay It will look at the advantages and disadvantages of globalization and the response of social media to the global phenomena. This paper sets out to expound on the many positive and negative impacts of the […]
• Tesla Globalization: A Strategic Marketing Plan + Expansion Strategy First, it is worth mentioning that, according to the company’s website, the mission of the business is to manufacture and promote a product that would allow for a more sustainable use of the natural environment.
• Globalization in Caribbean Countries: Advantages and Disadvantages While globalization has had an asymmetrical effect on the Caribbean’s economy, the detrimental influence of global integration on Caribbean culture is evident. In addition, the enhanced connection and collaboration with the world propelled the development […]
• Toyota Motor Corporation: Impacts of Globalization The impact of globalization, as a result of injection of foreign direct investment, on low-income countries has some benefits, for instance, there has been vivid economic growth in host counties as experienced in Mauritius and […]
• Effects of Globalization The second positive effect of globalization is that it promotes international trade and growth of wealth as a result of economic integration and free trade among countries.
• Samsung: Globalization Effects on Growth and Performance Samsung Electronics is such a giant electronics technology conglomeration that has taken advantage of globalisation and the dynamic advancement of technology to expand its business internationally. The pursuit of technology and globalisation has influenced various […]
• Globalization The fact that more western countries established more and more companies in the developing countries was expected to believed will help accelerate their profits by taking advantage of the available as a result of the […]
• McDonald’s Globalization Process and Its Brief History Paper The following year, 1968, saw the introduction of the Big Mac hamburger that would become the signature fast food meal of all McDonald restaurants around the world as well as the opening of the 1,000th […]
• Effects of Globalization in the UAE In this section, the positive and negative impacts of globalization in the UAE are discussed with examples mainly from the City of Dubai.
• The Negative Impacts of Globalization Noteworthy, environmental pollution, social and moral degradation, political manipulation, and exploitation of the poor population by the wealthy nations are some of the most evident impacts of globalization in the modern world.
• Thomas Friedman’s Three Eras of Globalization The discovery of new forms of communication led to the information revolution in the second era of globalization. According to Friedman, the world has become flat in the new era of globalization.
• Globalization as a positive factor The essay therefore explains the importance of globalization, the economic impact on individuals and countries and how the international security system has been affected as well as the factors that have supported the growth of […]
• British Trading Giant Tesco: Impact of Globalization That is why the research work presented to your attention is the study of one of the greatest companies dealing with the retail trade in the world British trading giant Tesco.
• Globalization and Food Culture Essay The interviewee gave the examples of France, America, and China in her description of how food can affect the culture of a place and vice versa.
• Financial Globalization Advantages & Disadvantages According to Bhagwati, globalization is the integration of countries’ economies, people, societies and their culture across the world through the spread of technology, networks of communication, trade and transportation.
• Globalization and Organizational Behavior in Company It is also challenging to regulate the ethical behavior of a culturally diverse organization and different government and legal systems in different countries to be in line with the corporate culture.
• Do the Benefits of Globalization Outweigh the Costs? Critics also argue that globalization has led to the spread of sweatshops and exploitation of workers from third world countries. However, critics of globalization argue that it has led to the erosion of national borders […]
• The Effect of Globalization on a World Culture The net result is a global culture; the effect and extent that global culture has gone in the world varied among nations and continents; developed countries have their culture more diffused and uniformity can be […]
• Globalization: Positive and Negative Effects On the one hand, globalization contributes to strengthening the world economy, appropriate resources allocation, the interaction between different countries, and the development of lagging countries due to access to up-to-date technology.
• Globalization Effects on Ford Motor Company This organization defines globalization as the process in which financial and investment markets of different counties become interconnected and interdependent due to the deregulation and erasure of national borders. In itself, the process of globalization […]
• Globalization Opportunities and Challenges The focus of the world culture theories is on the constriction of the world and increases the knowledge that depicts the world as a whole.
• Globalization and Environment Essay While this is the case, citizens equally have a role to play in addressing the issue of globalization and climate change.
• Concept of the Globalization’ Ideology The basic ideology of globalization is liberalization of trade and integration of free markets to enhance social, economic, and political stability across the world.
• Globalization of the English Language: One of the Most Widely Used Languages in the World English language is one of the most widely used languages in the whole world in spite of the fact that there are many languages.
• The Impact of Globalization on the International Hotel Industry International hotel industry can be discusses from the angle of domestic hotels that have the capacity of serving international customers or those multinational companies in the hotel industry which ever the approach, the effects of […]
• Capitalism and Globalization Effects However, according to an article by Anderson, in free market capitalism, initial wealth is created, which then spreads; it then leads to the social and political change due to the increase of power in the […]
• Tesco’s Globalisation Case Study Strengths Brand Awareness is the key strength of Tesco; The efficient and dynamic human resources are the key assets for the company; According to the annual report 2011, Tesco offers large product lines and services […]
• International Cooperation: Globalization and Its Impacts on China This scenario results in the abuse of the physical environment and the overuse of natural resources, especially in the manufacturing industry.
• The Impact of Globalization on Indigenous Communities As a way to attract more tourists, the Mexican government seeks to develop facilities in the indigenous areas to the appeal of the visitors.
• Globalization Impact on Starbucks Company The biggest challenge facing multinational companies in the contemporary times is the ability to respond to rapid changes in the market.
• Samsung Company’s Extent of Globalization In 1980, the organization invested in a research and development center that allowed it to diversify its products and explore foreign markets.
• Impact of Globalization on the Maasai Peoples` Culture This essay will therefore focus on the roles the aforementioned forces have played in changing the culture of the Maasai. Moreover, tourism has resulted in environmental degradation which is putting the Maasai on the brink […]
• “The Globalization of Markets” by Theodore Levitt The shifting understanding of trade in the 1980s affected the way companies approached the market: previously, the concept had been that companies should supply to customers what customers think they want and need; at the […]
• Problems of Globalization Process Many problems of the contemporary world, from poverty to environmental degradation, are casually linked to the process of globalization Globalisation refers to the increased awareness among nations of the world.
• How Changes in Technology Has Contributed Towards the Globalization of Markets and of Production The new developments have lead to a scenario of a free market where there are may buyers and sellers, complete knowledge of the products produced, and entry or exit of the market is on the […]
• How Globalization has affected Managerial Decision-making With globalization, a problem should be looked from the global perspective; that is how it has affected the current business in the domestic country and how it is likely to affect the company in other […]
• How Globalization Influence Health and Lifestyle As the processes of globalization are taking place they bring effects to the health and lifestyle around the world; this is because the processes have an impact on the health and lifestyle determinants.
• Globalization Positive and Negative Impacts People could not learn the subject of globalization the easy way until the outbreak of the World War I and II in the twentieth century.
• Positive and Negative Impacts of Globalization in Britain Britain has from time immemorial been the pacesetter for globalization due to the fact that it was among the first countries to achieve economic and political stability and was in a position to colonize other […]
• Political Globalization in India India became part of globalization after the economy of the country opened up to the rest of the world in the early 90s as a result of the financial crisis.
• Globalization and Identity As it was implied in the Introduction, one of the reasons why anti-Globalists adopted a strongly defined negative stance against Globalization, as the process which they believe accounts for the gradual destruction of people’s sense […]
• Globalization Effect on Mechanical Engineering in the U.S This paper will look at the reasons why the United States of America has been outsourcing mechanical engineering services and how this has changed the outlook of the Engineering degrees awarded in the state.
• Threats of Globalization on Culture of Individual Countries The world has become a “global village” this is due to the expansion of communication networks, the rapid information exchange and the lifting of barriers of visas and passports.
• Reflection on Global Issues: Globalization of the Environment The global conflicts, managing the post-pandemic world, and the need to navigate the social injustices to ensure equality for all are among the most pressing ones.
• The Globalization Influence on Dubai The three facets of globalization taken into account in this report are trade, movement of people, and capital movements and their effects on the people of Dubai because they often impact a region’s economy and […]
• Youth Culture and Globalization The focus is also on the relations that exist between the youth and the society, as well as the factors that shape youths identity in terms of culture.
• Globalization and Development Some of the environmental aspects that will determine the growth rate of globalization include the development of economic output, not forgetting encouragement of technological development. It is now clear that for development to take place […]
• The Effects of Globalization on Management and Engineering Finally, many countries will, in the interim, need to enact laws and regulations that protect the labor skills of their workers.
• Globalization Is Inevitable or Not? Living in a World With No Defined Borders According to an article that appeared in Globaleducation.com, although this international reliance and exchange has been there for quite some time now, the recent past has seen the escalation of these aspects, a phenomenon that […]
• Globalization: Theory and Practice Although the word global has been in existence for the last four hundred years, the term globalization is believed to have been coined in the early 1960s. In the late 19th century, advancements in freight […]
• Globalization and Its Key Drivers The news articles examine the issue of globalization drivers through the lens of the recent shock to the global economy with Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the subsequent political, economic, and social consequences from global […]
• Globalization’s Benefits in Kazakhstan Kazakhstan contributes to the global economy, mainly through the oil industry; it is one of the tenth largest oil exporters in the world.
• Globalization and Its Challenges Many companies located in the developed countries shifted their facilities to developing countries. Thus, Rattner states that many people in developed countries lose as availability of workforce across the globe contributes greatly to the increase […]
• Political Consequences of Globalization Through the process of globalization, the integrity of the national territorial state as a more or less coherent political economy is eroded, and the functions of the state become reorganized to adjust domestic economic and […]
• The Impact of Globalization on Indigenous People One of the effects of globalization on indigenous peoples of Canada could be identified as signing of land surrender treaties. British government dispossessed most First Nations of their land and heritage during war invasions and […]
• Globalization: Not a Threat to Cultural Diversity It can therefore be authoritatively stated that globalization is not a threat to cultural diversity and may in fact result in diversification and/or more appreciation of local cultures.
• The Coca-Cola Management in the Technological Advances and Globalization In the Coca-Cola Company, the employees are entrusted with various roles to ensure the success of the company and the achievement of its goals and objectives.
• Globalization in business Thanks to globalization, there has been improvements in employee training and education in the fast food industry, as a result of the stiff competition in the industry.
• The Role of Globalization in Education and Knowledge The article is focused on the problem of the failure to distinguish between the notions globalization, globalism and cosmopolitanism that leads to the failure to consider the place of the current education in the modern […]
• The Implications of Globalization and Technology on Negotiation Globalization and technology include some of the elements of significance influence on the processes of negotiation. The effect of globalization on the formation and management of international climate change negotiations is also eminent.
• How Is Globalization Impacting Citizenship? Thus, the concept of citizenship under the new trend of globalization has led to a change in the concept of citizenship. Globalization has led to the decline of citizenship and the authority of the nation-state.
• Globalization Impacts on System’ Engineer Career A system engineer is now required to embrace the latest technology that is being offered and also be in touch with the technological changes in the world.
• Importance and Role of Leadership in Globalization Leadership can be considered to be the provision of a vision to the people whom one has authority over and pushing through the understanding of the vision and the achievement of its goals for the […]
• Effects of Internet and World Wide Web on Globalization Before trying to understand the effects of the World Wide Web and the Internet on globalization, it is worth explaining the meaning of the term globalization in order to get the clear picture of the […]
• Globalization and Digitalization The tools that are necessary in the technological exodus from the traditional mode to higher fashions have posed a challenge in the labor force in relation to the level of expertise.
• International Relations: Globalization and State Power In most cases, globalization means the extensive integration of multiple economies to the point where the significance of national or international networks declines allowing the emergence of national and global networks.
• Globalization’ Economic and Political Dimensions It is the political decisions of nation-states to remove trade barriers in order to promote international trade and facilitate transportation and communication, which leads to globalization.
• Effects of Globalization on Native Non-Western Cultural Practices In non-western cultures, the new products and ideas are seen as a welcome since they are promising to the future of the people.
• The Internet, Globalization and Network Society The embracing of the internet’s usage as a means of communication in the future will depend on the evolvement of people’s quality of online relationships and the amount of time people are bound to be […]
• Ecological Dimensions of Globalization Globalization refers to “the growing economic interdependence of countries through the increasing volume and variety of cross-border transactions in goods and services; international capital flows; and rapid and widespread diffusion of technology”.
• Globalization and Workforce Diversity A community should recognize diversity, ensure the accessibility of resources and uphold equity in the treatment of its constituent individuals with complete disregard of race, ethnicity, abilities and even sexual alignments.
• Globalization Effects on Food Industry, Trading, Education The major benefit enjoyed by the developing nations is the capability to import the raw materials from the industrially developed countries, to facilitate the production of goods required in the country.
• Delta Airlines Affected by Globalization and Technological Changes The rapid growth of national markets has increased the interest of many corporations to venture and offer their services in such places.
• The Main Drivers of Globalization: The Economic Scope In conclusion, it seems reasonable to claim that there are three primary drivers of the process of globalization that were discussed demography, technology, and political decisions.
• The Impact of Globalization in Malaysia The negative impact of the globalization process in 1997 was vocally criticized by Malaysia and marked it as a ‘betrayal’ by the western economies through the forces of the global market.
• Globalization and Increasing Competition in the World When we look at some of the businesses in the world that are on the forefront in the world of successful business, we find businesses such as the banking institutes, medical providing institutions, academic institutions, […]
• Flattening of the World: Globalization and Outsourcing The rate of affordability of the IT hardware and software on the other hand pushed the need for its adoption of the process and hence the realization of the economic gains that had become elusive.
• Current Trends in Globalization of Crime Hence, the major cause of the drugs smuggling routes over the U.S.-Mexico border is still the discrepancies between the U.S.and Mexican drug enforcing legislation as well as the lack of cross-border cooperation.
• Social Inequality, Capitalism, and Globalization It replaces slavery of antiquity and negatively affects almost all aspects of society, from the inequality of men and women to the sphere of science and education.
• What Is the Role of E-Commerce in Globalization? These are the advantages concerning the service providers; however, there are many characteristics of e-commerce that appeal to customers in saving their time and energy.
• Globalization and Its Contents in the Middle East The impediments to continued progress or globalization are protectionism, armed conflicts, environmental stress and demographic imbalances which have further hampered the progress of globalization and its benefits.
• The impact of Globalization on the China Despite many historical antecedents to our current understanding of growth in China and its causes, the current growth will be traced back to the early 1980s, as the ideological between the superpowers was concluding after […]
• Globalization and Food in Japan We have the McDonalds in the developed countries and it has influenced food market in Japan, so continued globalization will affect cultures in all countries in the world, including developing countries.
• Joseph Stiglitz’s Making Globalization Work Joseph Stiglitz’s book Making Globalization Work is the representation of the author’s opinion on the question of globalization in the context of the economic and political development of countries with determining globalization’s main challenges and […]
• The Hidden Face of Globalization Video Due to the unstructured international relationship between India and the US, the labor laws balance is threatened by sudden changes in the social systems of the Bangladesh society introduced by the foreign companies.
• “The Globalization Paradox: Democracy and the Future of the World Economy” by Rodrik, D The book focuses on the globalization trends and the competing interests of nationalism and internationalism. This is one of the aspects of paradox that the author of this book is talking about.
• Globalization, Its Effects and Theories Because of this division, capitalism is seen as contradicting in that understanding the two groups by determining the position and role of each of them play in the society led to class struggle theory.
• Effects of Technology and Globalization on Gender Identity The second section focuses on the effects of globalization and technological improvements on homosexuality in the 20th century. In the third section, the effects of technological advances and globalization on homosexuality in the 21st century […]
• Globalisation in the Construction Industry The globalization of construction industry provides the opportunity for the Australian companies to enter the international market and deliver the projects, for example, in the Middle East or Africa.
• Culture, Globalization and Intercultural Adaptation At the same time, I feel that the welcoming environment of the Canadian society encourages me to accept some of the local traditions and values as well, the idea of shared cultural knowledge and openness […]
• New Technologies and Globalization: Public Administration The continual growth and implementation of e-government and especially e-democracy has proven to be instrumental in governance in the current age.
• Globalization and Its Impact on Healthcare The solution to the problem is to rethink health service delivery policies and funding sectors. Globalization affects life expectancy; therefore, the healthcare system needs to be revised.
• Multinational Corporations and Globalization As there is increased usage of science and technology across the world, many businesses are thriving through the application of the innovations and therefore making them more efficient.
• Buddhism Spread as Globalization of Knowledge Modern Buddhism has been integrated as a key part of the globalization movement, and it explains why the faith has spread throughout different parts of the world.[3] The correlation between Buddhism and globalization stems from […]
• The Force of Globalization and Technology Globalization ensures that commodities, services, and people move without restraint around the globe in a manner that is smooth and interlocked.
• Globalization in Friedman’s “The World Is Flat” It is important to note from the onset that the video entails the contents of Thomas Friedman’ bestselling book titled “The World is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century” a publication of 2005.
• The Globalization of Markets The main theme identified in the article “The Globalization of Markets” is that business organizations should learn to operate as if the whole world was a single market.
• Globalization and Economic Integration Effects In 2006, the Abu Dhabi government initiated a number of reforms in the oil and gas sector. The company is based in Abu Dhabi and Singapore.
• Effects of Globalization on Sexuality In the article, the author argues that over time improvements in technology and globalization have had immense changes on sexuality especially in the developing world.
• P&G Company and Globalization Issues These issues are mainly concerned with the leadership of the company, the culture and the rationality of the decisions made by the company’s management.
• Relationship Between Modern Imperialism and Economic Globalization Modern imperialism also relates to economic globalization in that the European and Western powers emphasized on civilization, as they spread in most parts of the world; this ultimately led to economic globalization. Modern imperialism led […]
• Politics of Globalization in Taiwan According to Kwok, Taipei, the capital city and the largest city in Taiwan has become one of the global cities through the production of high technology and its components.
• Globalization or the Age of Transition However, when people understand globalization in the political and economic developments within the last century, it becomes clear that it has contributed to the spread of the long history of the capitalist world economy. On […]
• Business Ethics, Globalization and Sustainability Companies adhering to business ethics attract investors, thus boosting the economic growth of the business. It is the change of business boundaries from local to international.
• Science and Technology Impact on Globalization Globalization has by now laid down the phase for this epoch through making the world interrelated further and the tools of empowerment available to all.”To start with, Globalization refers to the trend toward countries joining […]
• Economic Globalization and its Limitations This scholar is of the view that in extension, the impacts that economic globalization has on various spheres of the society, ranging from economic to social, are also limited.
• “Globalization: A Very Short Introduction” by Manfred B. Steger: Chapter Review The demand for goods in the world market have positive and negative gains, it has lead to more customer sovereignty since a customer has a large access to goods and services from different parts of […]
• Globalization and Technological Advancements Globalization has accelerated technology dispersion and helped to reshape the innovation environment in various ways, including transportation issues. The internet, for instance, has lowered the boundaries of time and location in economic transactions.
• Is Globalization Reducing Poverty and Inequality? & How to Judge Globalism The article Is Globalization Reducing Poverty and Inequality by Robert Hunter Wade explores the phenomenon of globalization and its influence on the poverty and inequality ratios all over the world.
• Christianity and Globalization – Relationship By demonstrating the values behind each religion, globalization leads to greater understanding and tolerance of humanity’s leading religious traditions, one of which is Christianity.
• Globalization: Concept, Advantages and Disadvantages The lecture provokes the interest to the evaluation of the consequences of globalization. The accumulation of the first experience has started with watching the different documentary and feature movies about the global and cultural integration […]
• The University of West Indies, the Caribbean Identity, and the Globalization Agenda To answer the question of whether the University of West Indies can maintain the Caribbean identity and in its pursuit of globalization, the effects of globalization on identity need to be highlighted.
• Analysis of the Globalization of Cemex Globalization made CEMEX the third largest cement company in the world in terms of capacity and the largest in trading internationally.
• Can We Lose Our Identity Because of Globalization? To sum up, there are numerous benefits of globalization for the modern world, and I believe that people are flexible enough to allow for cultural exchange and cooperation without damaging their own cultural identity.
• The Dissemination of Knowledge: Globalization The aim of the course work is to gather theoretical data on the topic of dissemination of knowledge and analyze the links between globalization, free trade and dissemination of knowledge.
• How Globalization Is Seen in Turkey The effects of globalization started to take effects on the general society particularly in the early 1980s under the influence of the IMF conditionality.
• Globalization and Polarization Definition All over the world, the past two decades have led to changes in the various nations’ economic powers, political systems and technological advancements with the deepening of the international connections resulting to globalization.
• Self-Renewal & Globalization This is normally a developmental process in the life of that particular individual in the sense that he/she is out to look for what is good for himself or herself.
• Role of Food in Cultural Studies: Globalization and Exchange of Food Exchange of food is one of the types of interactions between cultures, it helps people with various backgrounds and up-bringing become more familiar with each other’s way of living, as a result the clash between […]
• Cultural Diversity in International Trade and International Business Management Through Globalization To promote diversity and equity in the workplace at all levels of management Managing diversity in a multicultural enterprise should start from the lowest level of an organization management and be reflected up to the […]
• Fashion and Gender: Globalization, Nation and Ethnicity Today, fashion is changing drastically to compose fashion trends, which is very relevant in the contemporary society as it’s reflected in the new colorful and stylish designs.
• Lifelong Learning is Necessarily Essential to Globalization A good example of this form of upgrading is learning computer related skills to integrate well with the current dynamic technological platforms.
• Globalization and Outsourcing The buyer organizations are seeking to obtain lower rates of legal impositions from the host governments and conditions of doing business in such countries.
• Globalization and Foreign Direct Investment: The A.T. Kearney Study In this article, Laudicina focuses on the trend the global economy has taken since the release of the Foreign Direct Investment Confidence Index by A.T.
• Globalization: Impact, Recessionary Trends, and Clash of Interests Such trends in fact, resulted in preparing a segment of the society which could enjoy the benefits of the outsourcing, is able to extract a fat pay package and make the most of the outsourcing […]
• Globalization and Regulation: Balancing US Interests She believes difficulties the Americans are facing are genuine, and the economic inequality has only increased with the spread of globalization.
• Positive Impact of Globalization: Real-Life Example The aim of this essay is to give an example of the positive influence of globalization on the life of a person.
• Impacts of Globalization on Labor The globalization of labor leads to the availability of much-needed expert workers in an economy. The UAE is one of the best case studies of the positive and negative effects of labor globalization.
• The Meaning of Sustainability and Globalization Sustainability refers to meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, while globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness of the world’s economies, cultures, and populations.
• Humanity’s Collective Health Impacted by Globalization The strict control of borders and a self-centered foreign policy are outdated methods of dealing with global health disasters such as an epidemic or a pandemic.
• Protectionism in the Age of Globalization On the one hand, globalization erases many international boundaries to stabilize fair trade and cooperation, and protectionism is necessary to maintain the national identity and economic prosperity of each country separately.
• Globalization Impact on Energy Consumption: Article Critique Energy consumption will increase until a particular level of globalization is achieved and then starts to fall, according to the link between globalization and energy consumption over the long term. The inverted U-shaped link between […]
• How Globalization Forces Affect Quality of Life For example, globalization can boost the economy and raise living standards while posing risks to the economy’s health and the welfare of workers.
• Background About Globalization and Apple Products The fact that these children are supposed to be in school further highlights the gravity of the situation, as it endangers their health and prospects.
• Globalization: Deeply Rooted in The Present by Kenny The influence of globalization on culture and the problem of preserving cultural diversity is a phenomenon due to which the experience of everyday life, affecting the dissemination of goods and ideas, reflects the standardization of […]
• Globalization in the Environmental Sphere To date, the problem of globalization is relevant, and with it the question of the impact of globalization on the environmental sphere is also of great interest.
• Globalization: London as a Global City Globalization, as a set of processes through which the incorporation of the planet’s population into a single world community, the global community, gives a significant impetus to the development of the knowledge economy and the […]
• Globalization Influence on Australia’s Policies Australia’s economy is thriving, and people’s standard of living is higher since the country has the policy settings to benefit from the advantages of food security, human rights, and skilled migration.
• Globalization and the Dominance of Market-Centered Economic Strategies The main differences between liberal and coordinated market economies can be summed up as follows: in liberal market economies, hierarchies and competitive market structures coordinate the activities of businesses, whereas, in coordinated market economies, the […]
• Globalization in Education: The Gap in the Accessibility Globalization has significantly improved the quality of education: the exchange of knowledge between the countries has led to the teaching of empathy through the interpenetration of cultures.
• Impact of Globalization on the Bankruptcy in Detroit The rise and fall of Detroit are considered to be the rise and fall of the US auto industry. In any case, the current positive impact of globalization on the city is beyond discussion.
• For the Advantages of Globalization, the Pandemic Has Highlighted Its Drawbacks Thus, for instance, among the prominent negative aspects of globalization in the context of the international situation, it is essential to highlight the increase in unemployment and the decline of several industries, the monopolization of […]
• Globalization in Education Through Social Sciences Lens In this case, globalization in education will be analyzed using the lens of the social sciences, which focuses on how people act in their social environment, such as schools and universities.
• Globalization: Benefits and Challenges On the other hand, the netizens’ society also needs to understand globalization and how to interact respectfully. Therefore, it is vital to analyze and understand globalization to enhance the social interactions of people with varied […]
• The Globalization Impact on the European Region The increase in migration flows to Europe is one of the two most important demographic trends on par with the aging nation in the region. Thus, aspects of globalization such as migration, trade, and the […]
• Globalization and Development of Contemporary Cities The emphasis on sustainability and the associated changes, including the increased mobility of the city and the update of the infrastructure of the urban landscape, can also be considered some of the central elements of […]
• Globalization and Japanese Cultures This map is in that book and this course because of demonstrating the movement of goods and people across the world from Afrique to Patagonia and Nouvelle-Guinee.
• Transportation and Globalization in North America and Europe: Comparison In the United States, transportation is presently the second biggest energy consumer, and in Canada, it is major. It should also be noted that supply chain management in the United States has changed into a […]
• Globalization Debates and Pressures on Companies A global organisation that may have a significant impact on the economy and the administration of a state has also been effectively developed as a result of the growth of the MNC.
• Outsourcing and Globalization in Indian Society The bottom line of the video is that globalization took advantage of Indian labor market and created thousands of high-tech and call center jobs that contributed to the economic development of India.
• Globalization and Organizational Communication As such, the firms reduce the promotion and sales of ‘green’ products and address environmental issues on a larger scale that is related to the fuel use of planes. Situational leadership aims to modify a […]
• Globalization: Benefits and Drawbacks As the exchange of goods and services speeds around the world, globalization brings more innovations to our daily lives. The primary function of layout planning is to fill the space within a facility efficiently, considering […]
• Globalization in Business and SWOT Analysis In modern studies, SWOT analysis is a helpful tool to evaluate the main idea of the offered business and examine organizational internal strengths and weaknesses and external opportunities and threats.
• Anti-Globalization Movement’s Goals and Power The movement works with the destruction of the legal status of “legal entities,” the disappearance of commercial fundamentalism liberated, and the necessary actions of economic privatization by the World Bank, the Foundation International Monetary Fund, […]
• Globalization and its Effect on Different Generations In the documentary film, Globalization is Good, directed by Charlotte Metcalf, the author argues the negativity of global capitalism’s impact on the world.
• Zapatismo, Globalization, and Neoliberalism The Zapatismo movement fights for the distribution of power within the public sector. The spreading of the ideas of power distribution and equality, the representatives of the movement, try to minimize the impact of neoliberalism […]
• Globalization from Theoretical Perspectives One of the major theories on perspectives of globalization is presented by Held and McGrew it is called “the theory of trans-formationalism”.
• Globalization, Politics, and Economic Reforms
• Globalization and Rapidly Developing Businesses
• Women’s Work and Impact of Globalization
• Japan After Globalization: Culture and Ethnocentrism
• The Development of Large Companies in the Era of Globalization
• Globalization, Immigration, and Class Division
• Globalization as Growth Driver for Society and Economy
• Modern Globalization in Business
• Nationalism in the Context of Globalization
• Aspects of Globalization Concept
• Economic Globalization: Positive and Negative Sides
• Globalization and Its Impact on Culture
• Blockchain Decentralized Systems and Intellectual Property Globalization
• Globalization in Latin America
• Climate Change as Systemic Risk of Globalization
• West African Maritime Trade and Globalization
• Analysis of Globalization and Inequality in “For Sama” Movie
• The Roman Empire: Globalization and Religious Power
• How Is Globalization Affecting Rates of Disease
• The Economic Aspects of Globalization
• Internet and Globalization Effects on Marketing
• Future of Globalization From Economic & Political Perspectives
• Globalization as an International Issue
• Significance of Globalization to Human Resource Management
• Is Globalization Responsible for Shaping the Global Crisis?
• Globalization and Humanitarian Development Across the Globe
• The First Wave of Globalization
• Globalization Consequences Overview
• Sociology and Globalization or Modernity
• Globalization and Its Effect on Minority Cultures in Tom O’Neill’s “Heart of Helambu”
• Market Globalization and Technological Advances
• Globalization. World Trade Organization
• Effect of Globalization on Businesses
• Strategic Marketing Plan for Globalization Move
• Globalization and Inequity in Global Maternal Mortality
• Tendencies That Were Caused by Globalization
• Globalization Influence on Career and Cultural Competence
• Globalization: Non-Western Countries; Nigeria and India
• Globalization: Good, Bad, and Ugly
• Educational Preparation of Nurses in the Globalization of Healthcare
• The Global Challenges for Ongko Furniture Brought Up by Globalization
• Globalization: The Case of Ongko Furniture
• Impact of Globalization and Neoliberalism on Crime and Criminal Justice
• The Era of Globalization in Canada: Employment Standards
• Nature of Health and Illness: Social Determinants and Globalization
• Healthcare System: Future Prospects in the Era of Globalization
• The Future of Global Crime: Globalization and Integration
• The Criminal Justice Funnel and Globalization
• Globalization and the Internet: Change of Organized Crime
• Technological Progress, Globalization, Feminism Roots
• Analysis of Globalization and Its Impact on Life: Medicine, Economics, Politics, Science
• The Impact of Globalization Today and Polarization of the World Economy
• Globalization’s Impact on Women in South Africa and Peru
• Consequences of Globalization on Society: Culture, Norms, and Moral Values
• Globalization: What Globalization Is and Its Impact
• World History: Globalization in the 1970s-2000s
• Globalization and Health Trends: Impact by Globalization Trends in All Aspects of Human Life
• Impact on Social-Economic Relations: Is Globalization Good or Bad?
• Globalization: The Transformation of Social Worlds
• The Influence of Modern Technologies and Globalization
• Globalization: The First Phase in 1840-1910
• “Globalization: Debunking the Myths” by Hebron & Stack
• “Globalization and American Power” by Kenneth Waltz
• Political Sciences. Globalization and Its Downside
• Globalization and Its Impact on the International Economy
• Globalization Emerged as an Outstanding Phenomenon
• Globalization and the Workings of the International Environment
• Stress at Work: Main Aspects, Globalization Influence
• Educational Change in Globalization Times by Yong Zhao
• Framing the Cultural Industries and Globalization
• School of Business IT and Logistics, Globalization and Business IT
• Globalization Phenomenon: Development and Social Change
• Cultural Diversity in the Media and Globalization
• International Political Scene: Globalization and Peace Relations
• Social Development: Globalization and Environmental Problems
• Weak Economy and Its Impact on Globalization
• Globalization on Younger Generations in the UAE
• Jihad vs. Mcworld Article: How Globalization Hinders Democracy
• The Process of Globalization: Impact on Business
• Globalization and Imperialism in the Third World
• Globalization in Eastern Europe: Foreign Investments and International Trade
• Effects of Globalization in the Contemporary Japanese Art
• Labor Relations in Canada: The Changes Due to Globalization
• Traditional Chinese Practices and Globalization
• History of Globalization: Past and Present
• Theodore Levitt: The Globalization of Markets
• Free Markets, Perfect Competition and Globalization
• Social and Economic Policy Program: Globalization, Growth, and Poverty
• Global Integration: Globalization Effects and Access to Funds
• Globalization a Dynamic Force in International Business
• World Dynamics: Globalization of Global Economies
• Contemporary Globalization Issues on Hospitality
• Asian & Chinese Organic Medicines in Globalization
• The State, Democracy and Globalization
• Globalization in Terms of Media and Cultures
• The History of the Music Industry and the Impact of the Advancement of Technology and Globalization
• Globalization & Moving Towards a Global Culture
• Globalization: Challenges and Relevance of the State System
• General Motors Company Analysis: Globalization and Foreign Operations
• Cities Without Cities: Globalization Process Perishable Outcomes
• State Sovereignty in the Globalization Process
• The Impact of Globalization Forces in India and the Philippines
• Joseph E. Stiglitz ”Globalization and Its Discontents”
• The Impact of Globalization on Education
• How Globalization & US Policies Impact Global Sex Workers
• Sociological and Economical Viewpoints of Globalization
• How the Globalization Can Be Achieved Nowadays?
• Will Globalization Help Thailand Improve Its Economy?
• Globalization and Its Economic Aims
• Globalization: Do Corporations Rule the World?
• Viability of the Globalization Process Necessarily Imply the Hegemony of a Great Power
• Different World Cultures and Globalization
• Influence That Globalization Has on the Manager’s Role
• Convergent and Divergent Impacts of Globalization on the World
• Globalization Features and Issues
• Financial Systems in the Era of Globalization
• Generation G: Globalization and Gaming
• Globalization in Asia: Sky of Love & Lust, Caution Films
• Gendered Cultural Identity and Globalization in Canada
• Business World and Globalization-Outsourcing
• The Future of Globalization: An Optimistic View
• Globalization Through the Ages
• Cross-Cultural Management: Globalization and Localization
• Globalization: ”A World on the Edge” by Amy Chua
• Globalization: Knowing Two Sides of Global Phenomenon
• Expatriate Adjustment and Globalization
• Globalization Effects Upon International and Domestic Affairs in Developed Countries
• Globalization: Conditions for Market Contraction
• Politics of Development: Globalization Challenges
• Level of Globalization in Thailand
• Globalization and Traditional Islamic Societies
• “Globalization and the Indian Economy” by Nayak
• New Zealand: Globalization and Employment Relations
• Women in Developing Countries: Globalization, Liberalization, and Gender Equality
• Globalization Reduces Rather Than Contributes to Inequalities
• Globalization and Airlines Industry Growth
• How Is Contemporary Globalization Altering or Undermining the Westphalian Order?
• View of Globalization: Market Analysis for Entry Strategy
• Globalization: The World is Flat
• “Victims of Progress”: Problems With Globalization
• Globalization and Development in South Africa
• Influence of Globalization on the Petroleum Industry
• Motorola Company’s Globalization
• Social Psychology and Globalization
• How Has Globalization Impacted on Issues of Human Rights?
• Globalization Influence on World Education System
• Influence of Globalization, Intuition and Diversity on the Role of the Manager
• Globalization and the Media: The Status Quo of Taiwan
• Globalization in Business and Finance
• Globalization Impact on the Way Businesses Operate
• Globalization Impact on Business Operations
• The Question of Globalization, Power and Representation
• Women Against Globalization and Anti-Nuke Movement
• Mexico: Transnationalism, Neoliberalism and Globalization
• Globalization Issues Effect on Organization Behavior
• Globalization Effects on the United States
• Global Migration and Economic Globalization
• Economic Globalization: Arguments For and Against
• A New Approach for the Age of Globalization
• Ethical Decision-Making and Globalization
• Influences of Globalization on Modern Society
• Globalization and Its Impact on the 21st Century Global Marketplace
• Globalization Issues and Impact on Poverty and Free Trade
• Globalization of Bollywood and Its Effects on the UAE
• Weakened Sovereignty: Globalization and the Nation State
• Globalization and Leadership: Theory and Practice
• Environmental Globalization and Sustainability Laws
• Globalization for Nation-States: Threat or Driver?
• Globalization and Democratization Effects on Libya
• Strategic Management: Competitiveness and Globalization
• “The Globalization of Inequality” by François Bourguignon
• Globalization Concepts and Importance
• The Book “Globalization” by Manfred B. Steger
• The Book “Globalization: A Very Short Introduction”
• Globalization: “The World Is Flat” by Thomas Friedman
• Facebook Network Globalization
• The Concept of Globalization
• Risks of Globalization in Developing Countries
• Globalization Concepts and the World Markets
• Democratic Globalization and Its Benefits
• Thomas Friedman on Globalization and Information Technology
• Fire and Rescue Services and Globalization Effects
• Globalization in Hart-Landsberg’s and Norberg’s Views
• Globalization Benefits and Challenges
• Globalization, Its Opportunities and Threats
• Globalization of the Financial Flows and Market
• Globalization Era and Internationalism Politics
• Mondragon Company’s Globalization and Cooperative Values
• Globalization Impact on China’s Economic Growth
• Globalization in Bentham’s Panopticon and Postman’s “Amusing Ourselves to Death”
• Cross-Cultural Leadership: Globalization Methodological Challenges
• Globalization, Food, and Ethnic Identity in Literature
• Apple Inc.’s Dominance and Globalization
• Globalization, Regulation and Governance
• Globalization in the Gulf Countries
• Globalization and Language Teaching
• Globalization and Sweatshops: Social Responsibility
• Globalization and the World Economy
• Globalization and Nation States
• Public Perception and Globalization
• “Globalization and Its Discontents” by Joseph Stiglitz
• Foreign Direct Investment and Globalization
• Globalization Evolution in the UAE
• Foreign Direct Investment as Vital Tool of Globalization
• Globalization and the Issue of Import in a Store
• Globalization in the United Arab Emirates’ Culture
• Globalization in Thomas Friedman’s Ideas
• India’s Regional Development and Globalization Benefits
• Globalization Impact on Africa’s Democratization Process
• Globalization and International Trade
• Globalization: An Economic Perspective
• Globalization of the Chinese Manufactories
• Old World Long-Distance Trade and Globalization
• Globalization in Economics and International Relations
• Capitalism and Its Influence on Globalization
• Globalization and Income Inequality Relationship
• Globalization, Its Winners and Losers
• Globalization in “The World is Flat” by Friedman
• Globalization, Art and Capitalism
• Is Taobao Company’s Globalization Possible?
• Globalization and Slavery: Multidisciplinary View
• Cultural China in the Context of Globalization
• Views on Globalization: Negative and Positive Affect
• Ethical Leadership in the Period of Globalization
• Globalization and Islamic Societies
• Globalization Challenges and New Arab Regionalism
• Globalization’s Effects on the UAE Development
• Globalization: Trends, Challenges and Opportunities
• The Two Faces of World Globalization
• Globalization’s Impact on China and the USA
• Hyundai Motor Company: Globalization and Environmental Impacts
• Germany’s Philosophy and Politics of Globalization
• Immigrants’ Socioeconomic Issues in Globalization
• Economic Globalization and the State’s Capacity
• Modern Terrorism and Globalization
• Globalization as to Health, Society, Environment
• Globalization and Criminal Justice Policy
• Ecocide, Human Social Evolution, and Globalization
• Defining Globalization and Its Effects on Current Trade
• Globalization Challenges and Countermeasures
• Globalization and Its Significance to Business
• Globalization: Good for People, Bad for Humanity
• “Globalization 2.0” a Book by David Rieff
• Globalization through Alliances: Management Decision
• Globalization and Foreign Currency Exchange
• Human Trafficking: Healthcare and Globalization Aspects
• Globalization vs. Glocalization in Belgium
• How Immigration Relates to Post-Human and Globalization?
• Globalization Effects on Fundamentalism Growth
• Globalization in the New Product Development Context
• Global Business: Licensing and Globalization
• New Urban Inequalities and Globalization
• Globalization: Cultural Fusion of American Society
• Afro-French Expatriate Company and Globalization
• Equality and Globalization: Changing Gender Expectations
• Gender Equality and Globalization’ Issues
• Globalization Effects on Business, Economy and Health
• Globalization and Its Impact on Capitalism
• Globalization Forces on the Asian Economies
• From World War One to Globalization
• HRM Globalization’ Cause and Effects
• Management: Competitiveness and Globalization Concepts
• Globalization Influence on the Computer Technologies
• Globalization Role in International Marketing
• Jeff Rubin’s Economics: Oil and the End of Globalization
• Product Globalization: Toyota Premio Vehicle
• Globalization Negative Effects
• The Anthropological Approach to Globalization Aspects
• The Globalization of Coffee Production and Consumption
• Why Some Former Colonies Fear Economic Globalization?
• Multinational Corporations, Globalization and State Sovereignty
• Facilitating Globalization in Australian Companies
• Globalization’s and Business Relationships and Responsibilities
• Heriot Watts University Globalization Strategy
• Reflective Thinking – Globalization
• Globalization and Gay Tourism: Learning to Be Tolerant
• Gender Role in Sweden Society in Education and Workplace Before and After Globalization
• Globalization and Its Effects on Businesses
• Economical Globalization in the United States
• Globalization and the Issue of Poverty: Making the World a Better Place
• Globalization Has Meant That the Local Is No Longer Important
• Globalization Effects on the Economies of the Third World
• Impacts of Globalization in the World
• Globalization is not a Peaceful Process
• Reaction Paper in Globalization and Its Discontents: Face the Heat
• Disadvantaging Families: Diversity, Inequality and Globalization
• The Effects of Globalization on the Future of Turkish Economy
• Globalization Potential Benefits and Costs
• Globalization and Culture: Possibilities and Anxieties
• Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions: Internationalization and Globalization
• Globalization and Its Implications
• Who Benefits from Globalization?
• Globalization and IT Business
• Challenges to Build Feminist Movement Against Problems of Globalization and Neoliberalism
• Leadership Decisions and Globalization
• Globalization: A Blessing or a Curse to US Middle Class Workers?
• The Challenge of Globalization 5 Years into the Future
• Aramark Corporation and Globalization
• Globalization of Logistics and Supply Chain Management in Wales
• “Globalization and the Unleashing of New Racism: an Introduction” by Macedo and Gounari
• Financial Effects of Globalization
• International Business Environment: The Benefits and Risks of Deeper Globalization for Guidia
• Sharia System and Globalization
• Contemporary Stage of Globalization and Neo-liberalism in Europe
• International Trade and Its Effects on Globalization
• African Diaspora and Globalization
• Williams-Sonoma, Inc. and Globalization
• Why Did Globalization Cause a Demand For Business Process Management?
• Globalization and business IT: ECommerce models
• McDonalds Globalization in America
• Competitive Advantage and Globalization
• Religion, Politics and Globalization: Effect of Middle East Wars on Shia-Sunni Alliances
• How Can We Account for the Globalization of Production?
• The devastating Globalization effects on State Sovereignty
• Globalization and International Approach in Management
• The Efficient Sustainability of Globalization
• Foreign Markets as Means of Expansion and Globalization
• Peculiarities of the Landscape of Unions within the Process of Globalization
• Anti-Globalization Movement Impact on Business Environment
• Business Globalization: Dorchester, Inc.
• Isoftstone: the Globalization of a Chinese IT sourcing and Services Powerhouse
• Globalization of Business and Culture
• Globalization and Cultural Background
• Globalization Effects on Business: Controlling Systemic Risks
• Why Globalization is seen as a Polarizing Factor in the International Community
• In what ways did Globalization affect financial management?
• Globalization Impacts on Developed and Developing Countries
• General Electric Company: Globalization Impact on Business Strategies
• Globalization, Social Policy, and Social Provision
• Globalization and sustainable development
• Globalization Impact on Life Career and Future
• Impact of globalization on the market power
• Globalization and its influences
• World Trade Organization and Globalization
• Negative Effects of Globalization in Developing Nations
• Globalization as a change process
• Effects and Nature of Globalization
• Costs and Benefits of Free Trade and Globalization
• Is Globalization a Threat to US Supremacy and Power in the World?
• Threats to Globalization
• Recommended Globalization Strategies for Moonglow Acres
• The Intellectual Capital in Globalization Practices
• Globalization as a Powerful Aspect of the New World System
• Globalization Negative Effects: Developed and Developing Countries
• The Polarized World of Globalization
• Backlash against Globalization
• Globalization and the Study of International Security
• Globalization and Race: The Black Other and African Diaspora
• Globalization: How can it improve the Quality of Education?
• Globalization and the Economics of Child Labor
• Globalization Effects: The Privatization of Institutions
• International Economics in the context of globalization
• The impact of globalization
• eBay’s Globalization Strategy
• Concept of Globalization and Its Impact on the International Trading Order
• The Effects of Globalization on the World
• Globalization Arguments and Impacts
• Globalization, Survival, and Empowerment in the African Diaspora
• Impact of Globalization on the American Worker
• The Question of the Distributed Workforce under the Impact of Globalization Tendencies
• Effects of Globalization in Health Care Administration
• Globalization, Struggle, and Empowerment in the African Diaspora
• Globalization and Empowerment in the African Diaspora
• African Diaspora: Gender Hierarchies and Global Race
• Globalization Impact on Modern World
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Essay on Globalization for Students and Children

500+ words essay on globalization.

Globalization refers to integration between people, companies, and governments. Most noteworthy, this integration occurs on a global scale. Furthermore, it is the process of expanding the business all over the world. In Globalization, many businesses expand globally and assume an international image. Consequently, there is a requirement for huge investment to develop international companies.

How Globalization Came into Existence?

First of all, people have been trading goods since civilization began. In the 1st century BC, there was the transportation of goods from China to Europe. The goods transportation took place along the Silk Road. The Silk Road route was very long in distance. This was a remarkable development in the history of Globalization. This is because, for the first time ever, goods were sold across continents.

Globalization kept on growing gradually since 1st BC. Another significant development took place in the 7th century AD. This was the time when the religion of Islam spread. Most noteworthy, Arab merchants led to a rapid expansion of international trade . By the 9th century, there was the domination of Muslim traders on international trade. Furthermore, the focus of trade at this time was spices.

True Global trade began in the Age of Discovery in the 15th century. The Eastern and Western continents were connected by European merchants. There was the discovery of America in this period. Consequently, global trade reached America from Europe.

From the 19th century, there was a domination of Great Britain all over the world. There was a rapid spread of international trade. The British developed powerful ships and trains. Consequently, the speed of transportation greatly increased. The rate of production of goods also significantly increased. Communication also got faster which was better for Global trade .

Finally, in 20th and 21st -Century Globalization took its ultimate form. Above all, the development of technology and the internet took place. This was a massive aid for Globalization. Hence, E-commerce plays a huge role in Globalization.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Impact of Globalization

First of all, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) increases at a great rate. This certainly is a huge contribution of Globalization. Due to FDI, there is industrial development. Furthermore, there is the growth of global companies. Also, many third world countries would also benefit from FDI.

Technological Innovation is another notable contribution of Globalization. Most noteworthy, there is a huge emphasis on technology development in Globalization. Furthermore, there is also technology transfer due to Globalization. The technology would certainly benefit the common people.

The quality of products improves due to Globalization. This is because manufacturers try to make products of high-quality. This is due to the pressure of intense competition. If the product is inferior, people can easily switch to another high-quality product.

To sum it up, Globalization is a very visible phenomenon currently. Most noteworthy, it is continuously increasing. Above all, it is a great blessing to trade. This is because it brings a lot of economic and social benefits to it.

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Globalization, Term Paper Example

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“Social change is now proceeding so rapidly that if a social scientist had proposed as recent as 15 years ago to write a book about globalization they would have had to overcome a wall of stony and bemused comprehension.”(Globalization, 2001) Although the word ‘global’ is over 400 years old,the common usage of such words as ‘globalization’, ‘globalize’ and ‘globalizing’  didn`t begin until the early 1960 th . The definition of globalization has changed with the years including more and more specific features, starting from the general dictionaries and ending up with the WWW, where more than two or three hundred definitions from more than 101 thousand websites can be found. “Globalization is a process of interacting and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology.”(Globalization, 2008)

The discussion of economic aspectalong with multidimensional set of social processes is one of the significant parts of any integral account of globalization. In fact, the transformative powers of globalization affect deeply the economic, political, cultural, technological, and ecological dimensions of contemporary social life.

The economic sense of globalization can be studied on the example of multinational companies and brands which influence all aspects of our lives. It is a common knowledge that the process itself refers to all of the competitors, who are involved, and today the global trade seems to widen greatly as the pragmatic calculations broaden the national economies.

As far as I`m concerned, Wal-Mart is one the most competitive and intense partakersall over the world. Launched on July 2, 1962 as the Discount city store, Wal-Mart sky rocked up to over two million employees, more than 6200 stores and the record $408.21 revenue. Figures are phenomenal, so is the influence Wal-Mart has on the whole economy of the United States. The “Save Money Live Better” slogan is of extreme benefit to the customer, but when it comes to the vendors, they always face extreme challenge when operating with the giant. Over the years Wal-Mart has become so powerful that there is hardly any supplier, who didn`t think of mutually beneficial cooperation. There are lots of examples when it had become a desperate need and the only redemption for the companies to sign up a contract even if it was far from what they were expecting. Companies just have to obey the rules set up by Wal-Mart, if not the shelves of the supermarket will be used in another way. In my opinion the passage is a bright example of how the ‘globalization’ influences the development modern business. Wal-Mart has reached a point when it makes own rules, outsources the manufacturers, implements environmental measures, makes companies change their policies and for sure the vast boost of the ‘global’ business development.

Having the economic backbone ‘globalization’ meets no borders and eventually moves to the most economically profitable places. I was taken aback by the article about the Galesbourg Maytag plant closure and the fact that from the economic point of view it was an unavoidable measure. Companies like Maytag outsource the production out of country and from the first view the case of the Galesbourg Maytag plant is local in its size,however over 2.7 manufacturing jobs are lost for last decade. Shifts out of the country benefit Mexico and China and as a result the record $600 billion trade deficit and as a consequence the fallen value of dollar is definitely to be considered as a drawback. Despite the fact that the union made an effort to increase productivity and the Maytag was still profitable, the position has dropped. The laid-off workers have to make both ends meet by working as a welder or compete with their kids for Wal-Mart jobs for example. Overall, the article depicts us the severe truth of today`s business realities.

Medical tourism is nothing new and it is likely for the most sophisticated folks to visit specific professionals from another country or their choice depends on the unique specialties the place offers. But when talking about the medical tourism to Bangkok or New Dehli, personally I find it absolutely amusing. The medical system of the United States is doubtless cutting edge and for sure if it was the question of service most of the Americans wouldn`t even try to find alternatives, but when it comes to the actual price, the situation changes a lot. It turns out that some people would rather fly thousands of miles away to spend less money for the surgeries that couldn`t afford here in the United States. For most of the Americans the benefits of the medical tourism cannot be denied as they have an opportunity to save money, get acquainted with new culture and for most of them it is a chance of a lifetime. Becoming more and more popular, the hospitals pay attention to their reputation as they apply for the accreditation, contribute a lot in the overall impression of the visitors and there is no wonder why the trend accelerates a lot. What is more, medical outsourcing is becoming one of the popular forms of business as the executives report the increasing figures as the time frame reduced significantly and there is no longer a probability to wait for a year or more. It seems to me if pointing out the definite advantages of globalization, medical tourism is one of the blessings the modern world offers us. Personally I think that health is the most important god given gifts and the fact that we have an opportunity to choose makes me feel proud.

All in all the prime goal of my term paper is to decide whether globalization is a force for good or bad and that’s a tricky question, for sure “the globalization has transformed the nature of economic activity.” (Globalization: a critical introduction,2000) Working on the paper I realized that it is rather hard to figure out all pros and cons of globalization just by learning the theory, as the real life examples show us how rich the meaning of globalization is. From my point of view, if taking into consideration the challenge that is forcing the global development and increases our life standards, I`d say that pluses overweigh minuses. Unfortunately, it is next to impossible to avoid drawbacks as some of the cases seem not to be that positive and show us the reverse side of the medal. Still we have to admit the fact that globalization is taking over and having own opinion about this process is an indispensible part of building a successful future.

Donald J. Boudreaux (2008). Globalization (1 st Ed.). Westport, CT.

Jan Aart Scholte (2000). Globalization (1 st Ed.). London

Malcolm Waters (2001). Globalization (2 nd Ed.). New York, NY

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