how do you write a conclusion in a essay

Conclusions

What this handout is about.

This handout will explain the functions of conclusions, offer strategies for writing effective ones, help you evaluate conclusions you’ve drafted, and suggest approaches to avoid.

About conclusions

Introductions and conclusions can be difficult to write, but they’re worth investing time in. They can have a significant influence on a reader’s experience of your paper.

Just as your introduction acts as a bridge that transports your readers from their own lives into the “place” of your analysis, your conclusion can provide a bridge to help your readers make the transition back to their daily lives. Such a conclusion will help them see why all your analysis and information should matter to them after they put the paper down.

Your conclusion is your chance to have the last word on the subject. The conclusion allows you to have the final say on the issues you have raised in your paper, to synthesize your thoughts, to demonstrate the importance of your ideas, and to propel your reader to a new view of the subject. It is also your opportunity to make a good final impression and to end on a positive note.

Your conclusion can go beyond the confines of the assignment. The conclusion pushes beyond the boundaries of the prompt and allows you to consider broader issues, make new connections, and elaborate on the significance of your findings.

Your conclusion should make your readers glad they read your paper. Your conclusion gives your reader something to take away that will help them see things differently or appreciate your topic in personally relevant ways. It can suggest broader implications that will not only interest your reader, but also enrich your reader’s life in some way. It is your gift to the reader.

Strategies for writing an effective conclusion

One or more of the following strategies may help you write an effective conclusion:

• Play the “So What” Game. If you’re stuck and feel like your conclusion isn’t saying anything new or interesting, ask a friend to read it with you. Whenever you make a statement from your conclusion, ask the friend to say, “So what?” or “Why should anybody care?” Then ponder that question and answer it. Here’s how it might go: You: Basically, I’m just saying that education was important to Douglass. Friend: So what? You: Well, it was important because it was a key to him feeling like a free and equal citizen. Friend: Why should anybody care? You: That’s important because plantation owners tried to keep slaves from being educated so that they could maintain control. When Douglass obtained an education, he undermined that control personally. You can also use this strategy on your own, asking yourself “So What?” as you develop your ideas or your draft.
• Return to the theme or themes in the introduction. This strategy brings the reader full circle. For example, if you begin by describing a scenario, you can end with the same scenario as proof that your essay is helpful in creating a new understanding. You may also refer to the introductory paragraph by using key words or parallel concepts and images that you also used in the introduction.
• Synthesize, don’t summarize. Include a brief summary of the paper’s main points, but don’t simply repeat things that were in your paper. Instead, show your reader how the points you made and the support and examples you used fit together. Pull it all together.
• Include a provocative insight or quotation from the research or reading you did for your paper.
• Propose a course of action, a solution to an issue, or questions for further study. This can redirect your reader’s thought process and help them to apply your info and ideas to their own life or to see the broader implications.
• Point to broader implications. For example, if your paper examines the Greensboro sit-ins or another event in the Civil Rights Movement, you could point out its impact on the Civil Rights Movement as a whole. A paper about the style of writer Virginia Woolf could point to her influence on other writers or on later feminists.

Strategies to avoid

• Beginning with an unnecessary, overused phrase such as “in conclusion,” “in summary,” or “in closing.” Although these phrases can work in speeches, they come across as wooden and trite in writing.
• Stating the thesis for the very first time in the conclusion.
• Introducing a new idea or subtopic in your conclusion.
• Ending with a rephrased thesis statement without any substantive changes.
• Making sentimental, emotional appeals that are out of character with the rest of an analytical paper.
• Including evidence (quotations, statistics, etc.) that should be in the body of the paper.

Four kinds of ineffective conclusions

• The “That’s My Story and I’m Sticking to It” Conclusion. This conclusion just restates the thesis and is usually painfully short. It does not push the ideas forward. People write this kind of conclusion when they can’t think of anything else to say. Example: In conclusion, Frederick Douglass was, as we have seen, a pioneer in American education, proving that education was a major force for social change with regard to slavery.
• The “Sherlock Holmes” Conclusion. Sometimes writers will state the thesis for the very first time in the conclusion. You might be tempted to use this strategy if you don’t want to give everything away too early in your paper. You may think it would be more dramatic to keep the reader in the dark until the end and then “wow” them with your main idea, as in a Sherlock Holmes mystery. The reader, however, does not expect a mystery, but an analytical discussion of your topic in an academic style, with the main argument (thesis) stated up front. Example: (After a paper that lists numerous incidents from the book but never says what these incidents reveal about Douglass and his views on education): So, as the evidence above demonstrates, Douglass saw education as a way to undermine the slaveholders’ power and also an important step toward freedom.
• The “America the Beautiful”/”I Am Woman”/”We Shall Overcome” Conclusion. This kind of conclusion usually draws on emotion to make its appeal, but while this emotion and even sentimentality may be very heartfelt, it is usually out of character with the rest of an analytical paper. A more sophisticated commentary, rather than emotional praise, would be a more fitting tribute to the topic. Example: Because of the efforts of fine Americans like Frederick Douglass, countless others have seen the shining beacon of light that is education. His example was a torch that lit the way for others. Frederick Douglass was truly an American hero.
• The “Grab Bag” Conclusion. This kind of conclusion includes extra information that the writer found or thought of but couldn’t integrate into the main paper. You may find it hard to leave out details that you discovered after hours of research and thought, but adding random facts and bits of evidence at the end of an otherwise-well-organized essay can just create confusion. Example: In addition to being an educational pioneer, Frederick Douglass provides an interesting case study for masculinity in the American South. He also offers historians an interesting glimpse into slave resistance when he confronts Covey, the overseer. His relationships with female relatives reveal the importance of family in the slave community.

Works consulted

We consulted these works while writing this handout. This is not a comprehensive list of resources on the handout’s topic, and we encourage you to do your own research to find additional publications. Please do not use this list as a model for the format of your own reference list, as it may not match the citation style you are using. For guidance on formatting citations, please see the UNC Libraries citation tutorial . We revise these tips periodically and welcome feedback.

Douglass, Frederick. 1995. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself. New York: Dover.

Hamilton College. n.d. “Conclusions.” Writing Center. Accessed June 14, 2019. https://www.hamilton.edu//academics/centers/writing/writing-resources/conclusions .

Holewa, Randa. 2004. “Strategies for Writing a Conclusion.” LEO: Literacy Education Online. Last updated February 19, 2004. https://leo.stcloudstate.edu/acadwrite/conclude.html.

You may reproduce it for non-commercial use if you use the entire handout and attribute the source: The Writing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

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How to Write a Conclusion for an Essay

By the time you get to the final paragraph of your paper, you have already done so much work on your essay, so all you want to do is to wrap it up as quickly as possible. You’ve already made a stunning introduction, proven your argument, and structured the whole piece as supposed – who cares about making a good conclusion paragraph?

The only thing you need to remember is that the conclusion of an essay is not just the last paragraph of an academic paper where you restate your thesis and key arguments. A concluding paragraph is also your opportunity to have a final impact on your audience. 

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How to write a conclusion paragraph that leaves a lasting impression – In this guide, the team at EssayPro is going to walk you through the process of writing a perfect conclusion step by step. Additionally, we will share valuable tips and tricks to help students of all ages impress their readers at the last moment.

Instead of Intro: What Is a Conclusion?

Before we can move on, let’s take a moment here to define the conclusion itself. According to the standard conclusion definition, it is pretty much the last part of something, its result, or end. However, this term is rather broad and superficial.

When it comes to writing academic papers, a concluding statement refers to an opinion, judgment, suggestion, or position arrived at by logical reasoning (through the arguments provided in the body of the text). Therefore, if you are wondering “what is a good closing sentence like?” – keep on reading.

What Does a Good Conclusion Mean?

Writing a good conclusion for a paper isn’t easy. However, we are going to walk you through this process step by step. Although there are generally no strict rules on how to formulate one, there are some basic principles that everyone should keep in mind. In this section, we will share some core ideas for writing a good conclusion, and, later in the article, we will also provide you with more practical advice and examples.

Here are the core goals a good conclusion should complete:

• “Wrap up” the entire paper;
• Demonstrate to readers that the author accomplished what he/she set out to do;
• Show how you the author has proved their thesis statement;
• Give a sense of completeness and closure on the topic;
• Leave something extra for your reader to think about;
• Leave a powerful final impact on a reader.

Another key thing to remember is that you should not introduce any new ideas or arguments to your paper's conclusion. It should only sum up what you have already written, revisit your thesis statement, and end with a powerful final impression.

When considering how to write a conclusion that works, here are the key points to keep in mind:

• A concluding sentence should only revisit the thesis statement, not restate it;
• It should summarize the main ideas from the body of the paper;
• It should demonstrate the significance and relevance of your work;
• An essay’s conclusion should include a call for action and leave space for further study or development of the topic (if necessary).

How Long Should a Conclusion Be? 

Although there are no strict universal rules regarding the length of an essay’s final clause, both teachers and experienced writers recommend keeping it clear, concise, and straight to the point. There is an unspoken rule that the introduction and conclusion of an academic paper should both be about 10% of the overall paper’s volume. For example, if you were assigned a 1500 word essay, both the introductory and final clauses should be approximately 150 words long (300 together).

Why You Need to Know How to End an Essay:

A conclusion is what drives a paper to its logical end. It also drives the main points of your piece one last time. It is your last opportunity to impact and impress your audience. And, most importantly, it is your chance to demonstrate to readers why your work matters. Simply put, the final paragraph of your essay should answer the last important question a reader will have – “So what?”

If you do a concluding paragraph right, it can give your readers a sense of logical completeness. On the other hand, if you do not make it powerful enough, it can leave them hanging, and diminish the effect of the entire piece.

Strategies to Crafting a Proper Conclusion

Although there are no strict rules for what style to use to write your conclusion, there are several strategies that have been proven to be effective. In the list below, you can find some of the most effective strategies with some good conclusion paragraph examples to help you grasp the idea.

One effective way to emphasize the significance of your essay and give the audience some thought to ponder about is by taking a look into the future. The “When and If” technique is quite powerful when it comes to supporting your points in the essay’s conclusion.

Prediction essay conclusion example: “Taking care of a pet is quite hard, which is the reason why most parents refuse their children’s requests to get a pet. However, the refusal should be the last choice of parents. If we want to inculcate a deep sense of responsibility and organization in our kids, and, at the same time, sprout compassion in them, we must let our children take care of pets.”

Another effective strategy is to link your conclusion to your introductory paragraph. This will create a full-circle narration for your readers, create a better understanding of your topic, and emphasize your key point.

Echo conclusion paragraph example: Introduction: “I believe that all children should grow up with a pet. I still remember the exact day my parents brought my first puppy to our house. This was one of the happiest moments in my life and, at the same time, one of the most life-changing ones. Growing up with a pet taught me a lot, and most importantly, it taught me to be responsible.” Conclusion:. “I remember when I picked up my first puppy and how happy I was at that time. Growing up with a pet, I learned what it means to take care of someone, make sure that he always has water and food, teach him, and constantly keep an eye on my little companion. Having a child grow up with a pet teaches them responsibility and helps them acquire a variety of other life skills like leadership, love, compassion, and empathy. This is why I believe that every kid should grow up with a pet!”

Finally, one more trick that will help you create a flawless conclusion is to amplify your main idea or to present it in another perspective of a larger context. This technique will help your readers to look at the problem discussed from a different angle.

Step-up argumentative essay conclusion example: “Despite the obvious advantages of owning a pet in childhood, I feel that we cannot generalize whether all children should have a pet. Whereas some kids may benefit from such experiences, namely, by becoming more compassionate, organized, and responsible, it really depends on the situation, motivation, and enthusiasm of a particular child for owning a pet.”

What is a clincher in an essay? – The final part of an essay’s conclusion is often referred to as a clincher sentence. According to the clincher definition, it is a final sentence that reinforces the main idea or leaves the audience with an intriguing thought to ponder upon. In a nutshell, the clincher is very similar to the hook you would use in an introductory paragraph. Its core mission is to seize the audience’s attention until the end of the paper. At the same time, this statement is what creates a sense of completeness and helps the author leave a lasting impression on the reader.

Now, since you now know what a clincher is, you are probably wondering how to use one in your own paper. First of all, keep in mind that a good clincher should be intriguing, memorable, smooth, and straightforward.

Generally, there are several different tricks you can use for your clincher statement; it can be:

• A short, but memorable and attention-grabbing conclusion;
• A relevant and memorable quote (only if it brings actual value);
• A call to action;
• A rhetorical question;
• An illustrative story or provocative example;
• A warning against a possibility or suggestion about the consequences of a discussed problem;
• A joke (however, be careful with this as it may not always be deemed appropriate).

Regardless of the technique you choose, make sure that your clincher is memorable and aligns with your introduction and thesis.

Clincher examples: - While New York may not be the only place with the breathtaking views, it is definitely among my personal to 3… and that’s what definitely makes it worth visiting. - “Thence we came forth to rebehold the stars”, Divine Comedy - Don’t you think all these advantages sound like almost life-saving benefits of owning a pet? “So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past.”, The Great Gatsby

Conclusion Writing Don'ts 

Now, when you know what tricks and techniques you should use to create a perfect conclusion, let’s look at some of the things you should not do with our online paper writing service :

• Starting with some cliché concluding sentence starters. Many students find common phrases like “In conclusion,” “Therefore,” “In summary,” or similar statements to be pretty good conclusion starters. However, though such conclusion sentence starters may work in certain cases – for example, in speeches – they are overused, so it is recommended not to use them in writing to introduce your conclusion.
• Putting the first mention of your thesis statement in the conclusion – it has to be presented in your introduction first.
• Providing new arguments, subtopics, or ideas in the conclusion paragraph.
• Including a slightly changed or unchanged thesis statement.
• Providing arguments and evidence that belong in the body of the work.
• Writing too long, hard to read, or confusing sentences.

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Conclusion Paragraph Outline

The total number of sentences in your final paragraph may vary depending on the number of points you discussed in your essay, as well as on the overall word count of your paper. However, the overall conclusion paragraph outline will remain the same and consists of the following elements:

• A conclusion starter:

The first part of your paragraph should drive readers back to your thesis statement. Thus, if you were wondering how to start a conclusion, the best way to do it is by rephrasing your thesis statement.

• Summary of the body paragraphs:

Right after revisiting your thesis, you should include several sentences that wrap up the key highlights and points from your body paragraphs. This part of your conclusion can consist of 2-3 sentences—depending on the number of arguments you’ve made. If necessary, you can also explain to the readers how your main points fit together.

• A concluding sentence:

Finally, you should end your paragraph with a last, powerful sentence that leaves a lasting impression, gives a sense of logical completeness, and connects readers back to the introduction of the paper.

These three key elements make up a perfect essay conclusion. Now, to give you an even better idea of how to create a perfect conclusion, let us give you a sample conclusion paragraph outline with examples from an argumentative essay on the topic of “Every Child Should Own a Pet:

• Sentence 1: Starter
• ~ Thesis: "Though taking care of a pet may be a bit challenging for small children. Parents should not restrict their kids from having a pet as it helps them grow into more responsible and compassionate people."
• ~ Restated thesis for a conclusion: "I can say that taking care of a pet is good for every child."
• Sentences 2-4: Summary
• ~ "Studies have shown that pet owners generally have fewer health problems."
• ~ "Owning a pet teaches a child to be more responsible."
• ~ "Spending time with a pet reduces stress, feelings of loneliness, and anxiety."
• Sentence 5: A concluding sentence
• ~ "Pets can really change a child life for the better, so don't hesitate to endorse your kid's desire to own a pet."

This is a clear example of how you can shape your conclusion paragraph.

How to Conclude Various Types of Essays

Depending on the type of academic essay you are working on, your concluding paragraph's style, tone, and length may vary. In this part of our guide, we will tell you how to end different types of essays and other works.

How to End an Argumentative Essay

Persuasive or argumentative essays always have the single goal of convincing readers of something (an idea, stance, or viewpoint) by appealing to arguments, facts, logic, and even emotions. The conclusion for such an essay has to be persuasive as well. A good trick you can use is to illustrate a real-life scenario that proves your stance or encourages readers to take action. More about persuasive essay outline you can read in our article.

Here are a few more tips for making a perfect conclusion for an argumentative essay:

• Carefully read the whole essay before you begin;
• Re-emphasize your ideas;
• Discuss possible implications;
• Don’t be afraid to appeal to the reader’s emotions.

How to End a Compare and Contrast Essay

The purpose of a compare and contrast essay is to emphasize the differences or similarities between two or more objects, people, phenomena, etc. Therefore, a logical conclusion should highlight how the reviewed objects are different or similar. Basically, in such a paper, your conclusion should recall all of the key common and distinctive features discussed in the body of your essay and also give readers some food for thought after they finish reading it.

How to Conclude a Descriptive Essay

The key idea of a descriptive essay is to showcase your creativity and writing skills by painting a vivid picture with the help of words. This is one of the most creative types of essays as it requires you to show a story, not tell it. This kind of essay implies using a lot of vivid details. Respectively, the conclusion of such a paper should also use descriptive imagery and, at the same time, sum up the main ideas. A good strategy for ending a descriptive essay would be to begin with a short explanation of why you wrote the essay. Then, you should reflect on how your topic affects you. In the middle of the conclusion, you should cover the most critical moments of the story to smoothly lead the reader into a logical closing statement. The “clincher”, in this case, should be a thought-provoking final sentence that leaves a good and lasting impression on the audience. Do not lead the reader into the essay and then leave them with dwindling memories of it.

How to Conclude an Essay About Yourself

If you find yourself writing an essay about yourself, you need to tell a personal story. As a rule, such essays talk about the author’s experiences, which is why a conclusion should create a feeling of narrative closure. A good strategy is to end your story with a logical finale and the lessons you have learned, while, at the same time, linking it to the introductory paragraph and recalling key moments from the story.

How to End an Informative Essay

Unlike other types of papers, informative or expository essays load readers with a lot of information and facts. In this case, “Synthesize, don’t summarize” is the best technique you can use to end your paper. Simply put, instead of recalling all of the major facts, you should approach your conclusion from the “So what?” position by highlighting the significance of the information provided.

How to Conclude a Narrative Essay

In a nutshell, a narrative essay is based on simple storytelling. The purpose of this paper is to share a particular story in detail. Therefore, the conclusion for such a paper should wrap up the story and avoid finishing on an abrupt cliffhanger. It is vital to include the key takeaways and the lessons learned from the story.

How to Write a Conclusion for a Lab Report

Unlike an essay, a lab report is based on an experiment. This type of paper describes the flow of a particular experiment conducted by a student and its conclusion should reflect on the outcomes of this experiment.

In thinking of how to write a conclusion for a lab, here are the key things you should do to get it right:

• Restate the goals of your experiment
• Describe the methods you used
• Include the results of the experiment and analyze the final data
• End your conclusion with a clear statement on whether or not the experiment was successful (Did you reach the expected results?)

How to Write a Conclusion for a Research Paper

Writing a paper is probably the hardest task of all, even for experienced dissertation writer . Unlike an essay or even a lab report, a research paper is a much longer piece of work that requires a deeper investigation of the problem. Therefore, a conclusion for such a paper should be even more sophisticated and powerful. If you're feeling difficulty writing an essay, you can buy essay on our service.

However, given that a research paper is the second most popular kind of academic paper (after an essay), it is important to know how to conclude a research paper. Even if you have not yet been assigned to do this task, be sure that you will face it soon. So, here are the steps you should follow to create a great conclusion for a research paper:

• Restate the Topic

Start your final paragraph with a quick reminder of what the topic of the piece is about. Keep it one sentence long.

• Revisit the Thesis

Next, you should remind your readers what your thesis statement was. However, do not just copy and paste it from the introductory clause: paraphrase your thesis so that you deliver the same idea but with different words. Keep your paraphrased thesis narrow, specific, and topic-oriented.

• Summarise Your Key Ideas

Just like the case of a regular essay’s conclusion, a research paper’s final paragraph should also include a short summary of all of the key points stated in the body sections. We recommend reading the entire body part a few times to define all of your main arguments and ideas.

• Showcase the Significance of Your Work

In the research paper conclusion, it is vital to highlight the significance of your research problem and state how your solution could be helpful.

• Make Suggestions for Future Studies

Finally, at the end of your conclusion, you should define how your findings will contribute to the development of its particular field of science. Outline the perspectives of further research and, if necessary, explain what is yet to be discovered on the topic.

Then, end your conclusion with a powerful concluding sentence – it can be a rhetorical question, call to action, or another hook that will help you have a strong impact on the audience.

• Answer the Right Questions

To create a top-notch research paper conclusion, be sure to answer the following questions:

• What is the goal of a research paper?
• What are the possible solutions to the research question(s)?
• How can your results be implemented in real life? (Is your research paper helpful to the community?)
• Why is this study important and relevant?

Additionally, here are a few more handy tips to follow:

• Provide clear examples from real life to help readers better understand the further implementation of the stated solutions;
• Keep your conclusion fresh, original, and creative.

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So, What Is a Good Closing Sentence? See The Difference

One of the best ways to learn how to write a good conclusion is to look at several professional essay conclusion examples. In this section of our guide, we are going to look at two different final paragraphs shaped on the basis of the same template, but even so, they are very different – where one is weak and the other is strong. Below, we are going to compare them to help you understand the difference between a good and a bad conclusion.

Here is the template we used: College degrees are in decline. The price of receiving an education does not correlate with the quality of the education received. As a result, graduated students face underemployment, and the worth of college degrees appears to be in serious doubt. However, the potential social and economic benefits of educated students balance out the equation.

Strong Conclusion ‍

People either see college as an opportunity or an inconvenience; therefore, a degree can only hold as much value as its owner’s skillset. The underemployment of graduate students puts the worth of college degrees in serious doubt. Yet, with the multitude of benefits that educated students bring to society and the economy, the equation remains in balance. Perhaps the ordinary person should consider college as a wise financial investment, but only if they stay determined to study and do the hard work.

Why is this example good? There are several key points that prove its effectiveness:

• There is a bold opening statement that encompasses the two contrasting types of students we can see today.
• There are two sentences that recall the thesis statement and cover the key arguments from the body of the essay.
• Finally, the last sentence sums up the key message of the essay and leaves readers with something to think about.

Weak Conclusion

In conclusion, with the poor preparation of students in college and the subsequent underemployment after graduation from college, the worth associated with the college degree appears to be in serious doubt. However, these issues alone may not reasonably conclude beyond a doubt that investing in a college degree is a rewarding venture. When the full benefits that come with education are carefully put into consideration and evaluated, college education for children in any country still has good advantages, and society should continue to advocate for a college education. The ordinary person should consider this a wise financial decision that holds rewards in the end. Apart from the monetary gains associated with a college education, society will greatly benefit from students when they finish college. Their minds are going to be expanded, and their reasoning and decision making will be enhanced.

What makes this example bad? Here are a few points to consider:

• Unlike the first example, this paragraph is long and not specific enough. The author provides plenty of generalized phrases that are not backed up by actual arguments.
• This piece is hard to read and understand and sentences have a confusing structure. Also, there are lots of repetitions and too many uses of the word “college”.
• There is no summary of the key benefits.
• The last two sentences that highlight the value of education contradict with the initial statement.
• Finally, the last sentence doesn’t offer a strong conclusion and gives no thought to ponder upon.
• In the body of your essay, you have hopefully already provided your reader(s) with plenty of information. Therefore, it is not wise to present new arguments or ideas in your conclusion.
• To end your final paragraph right, find a clear and straightforward message that will have the most powerful impact on your audience.
• Don’t use more than one quote in the final clause of your paper – the information from external sources (including quotes) belongs in the body of a paper.
• Be authoritative when writing a conclusion. You should sound confident and convincing to leave a good impression. Sentences like “I’m not an expert, but…” will most likely make you seem less knowledgeable and/or credible.

Good Conclusion Examples

Now that we've learned what a conclusion is and how to write one let's take a look at some essay conclusion examples to strengthen our knowledge.

The ending ironically reveals that all was for nothing. (A short explanation of the thematic effect of the book’s end) Tom says that Miss Watson freed Jim in her final will.Jim told Huck that the dead man on the Island was pap. The entire adventure seemingly evaporated into nothingness. (How this effect was manifested into the minds of thereaders).

All in all, international schools hold the key to building a full future that students can achieve. (Thesis statement simplified) They help students develop their own character by learning from their mistakes, without having to face a dreadful penalty for failure. (Thesis statement elaborated)Although some say that kids emerged “spoiled” with this mentality, the results prove the contrary. (Possible counter-arguments are noted)

In conclusion, public workers should be allowed to strike since it will give them a chance to air their grievances. (Thesis statement) Public workers should be allowed to strike when their rights, safety, and regulations are compromised. The workers will get motivated when they strike, and their demands are met.

In summary, studies reveal some similarities in the nutrient contents between the organic and non-organic food substances. (Starts with similarities) However, others have revealed many considerable differences in the amounts of antioxidants as well as other minerals present in organic and non-organic foods. Generally, organic foods have higher levels of antioxidants than non-organic foods and therefore are more important in the prevention of chronic illnesses.

As time went by, my obsession grew into something bigger than art; (‘As time went by’ signals maturation) it grew into a dream of developing myself for the world. (Showing student’s interest of developing himself for the community) It is a dream of not only seeing the world from a different perspective but also changing the perspective of people who see my work. (Showing student’s determination to create moving pieces of art)

In conclusion, it is evident that technology is an integral part of our lives and without it, we become “lost” since we have increasingly become dependent on its use. (Thesis with main point)

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How To Write A Conclusion For An Essay?

How to write a good conclusion, how to write a conclusion for a college essay.

Daniel Parker

is a seasoned educational writer focusing on scholarship guidance, research papers, and various forms of academic essays including reflective and narrative essays. His expertise also extends to detailed case studies. A scholar with a background in English Literature and Education, Daniel’s work on EssayPro blog aims to support students in achieving academic excellence and securing scholarships. His hobbies include reading classic literature and participating in academic forums.

is an expert in nursing and healthcare, with a strong background in history, law, and literature. Holding advanced degrees in nursing and public health, his analytical approach and comprehensive knowledge help students navigate complex topics. On EssayPro blog, Adam provides insightful articles on everything from historical analysis to the intricacies of healthcare policies. In his downtime, he enjoys historical documentaries and volunteering at local clinics.

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In a short paper—even a research paper—you don’t need to provide an exhaustive summary as part of your conclusion. But you do need to make some kind of transition between your final body paragraph and your concluding paragraph. This may come in the form of a few sentences of summary. Or it may come in the form of a sentence that brings your readers back to your thesis or main idea and reminds your readers where you began and how far you have traveled.

So, for example, in a paper about the relationship between ADHD and rejection sensitivity, Vanessa Roser begins by introducing readers to the fact that researchers have studied the relationship between the two conditions and then provides her explanation of that relationship. Here’s her thesis: “While socialization may indeed be an important factor in RS, I argue that individuals with ADHD may also possess a neurological predisposition to RS that is exacerbated by the differing executive and emotional regulation characteristic of ADHD.”

In her final paragraph, Roser reminds us of where she started by echoing her thesis: “This literature demonstrates that, as with many other conditions, ADHD and RS share a delicately intertwined pattern of neurological similarities that is rooted in the innate biology of an individual’s mind, a connection that cannot be explained in full by the behavioral mediation hypothesis.”  

Highlight the “so what”  

At the beginning of your paper, you explain to your readers what’s at stake—why they should care about the argument you’re making. In your conclusion, you can bring readers back to those stakes by reminding them why your argument is important in the first place. You can also draft a few sentences that put those stakes into a new or broader context.

In the conclusion to her paper about ADHD and RS, Roser echoes the stakes she established in her introduction—that research into connections between ADHD and RS has led to contradictory results, raising questions about the “behavioral mediation hypothesis.”

She writes, “as with many other conditions, ADHD and RS share a delicately intertwined pattern of neurological similarities that is rooted in the innate biology of an individual’s mind, a connection that cannot be explained in full by the behavioral mediation hypothesis.”  

Leave your readers with the “now what”  

After the “what” and the “so what,” you should leave your reader with some final thoughts. If you have written a strong introduction, your readers will know why you have been arguing what you have been arguing—and why they should care. And if you’ve made a good case for your thesis, then your readers should be in a position to see things in a new way, understand new questions, or be ready for something that they weren’t ready for before they read your paper.

In her conclusion, Roser offers two “now what” statements. First, she explains that it is important to recognize that the flawed behavioral mediation hypothesis “seems to place a degree of fault on the individual. It implies that individuals with ADHD must have elicited such frequent or intense rejection by virtue of their inadequate social skills, erasing the possibility that they may simply possess a natural sensitivity to emotion.” She then highlights the broader implications for treatment of people with ADHD, noting that recognizing the actual connection between rejection sensitivity and ADHD “has profound implications for understanding how individuals with ADHD might best be treated in educational settings, by counselors, family, peers, or even society as a whole.”

To find your own “now what” for your essay’s conclusion, try asking yourself these questions:

• What can my readers now understand, see in a new light, or grapple with that they would not have understood in the same way before reading my paper? Are we a step closer to understanding a larger phenomenon or to understanding why what was at stake is so important?  
• What questions can I now raise that would not have made sense at the beginning of my paper? Questions for further research? Other ways that this topic could be approached?  
• Are there other applications for my research? Could my questions be asked about different data in a different context? Could I use my methods to answer a different question?  
• What action should be taken in light of this argument? What action do I predict will be taken or could lead to a solution?  
• What larger context might my argument be a part of?  

What to avoid in your conclusion  

• a complete restatement of all that you have said in your paper.  
• a substantial counterargument that you do not have space to refute; you should introduce counterarguments before your conclusion.  
• an apology for what you have not said. If you need to explain the scope of your paper, you should do this sooner—but don’t apologize for what you have not discussed in your paper.  
• fake transitions like “in conclusion” that are followed by sentences that aren’t actually conclusions. (“In conclusion, I have now demonstrated that my thesis is correct.”)
• picture_as_pdf Conclusions

How to write an essay: Conclusion

• What's in this guide
• Introduction
• Essay structure
• Additional resources

The last section of an academic essay is the conclusion . The conclusion should reaffirm your answer to the question, and briefly summarise key arguments.  It does not include any new points or new information. A conclusion has three sections. First, repeat the thesis statement. It won’t use the exact same words as in your introduction, but it will repeat the point: your overall answer to the question. Then set out your general conclusions , and a short explanation of why they are important.

Finally, draw together the question , the evidence in the essay body, and the conclusion. This way the reader knows that you have understood and answered the question. This part needs to be clear and concise.

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How to Write a Conclusion

Last Updated: July 15, 2023

Template and Sample Conclusion

This article was co-authored by Christopher Taylor, PhD and by wikiHow staff writer, Danielle Blinka, MA, MPA . Christopher Taylor is an Adjunct Assistant Professor of English at Austin Community College in Texas. He received his PhD in English Literature and Medieval Studies from the University of Texas at Austin in 2014. This article has been viewed 480,582 times.

Writing the introduction and body of a paper is a big accomplishment. Now you need to write your conclusion. Writing a conclusion can feel difficult, but it's easier if you plan ahead. First, format your conclusion by revisiting your thesis, summarizing your arguments, and making a final statement. Then, re-read and revise your conclusion to make it effective.

• Let’s say your thesis reads, “Allowing students to visit the library during lunch improves campus life and supports academic achievement because it encourages reading, allows students to start assignments early, and provides a refuge for students who eat alone.”
• You might restate it as, “Evidence shows students who have access to their school’s library during lunch check out more books and are more likely to complete their homework; additionally, students aren’t forced to eat alone.”

• You might write, “According to data, students checked out more books when they were allowed to visit their library during lunch, used that time to do research and ask for help with homework, and reported feeling less alone at lunch time. This shows that opening up the library during lunch can improve student life and academic performance."
• If you’re writing an argument essay, address the opposing argument, as well. You might write, “Although administrators worry that students will walk the halls instead of going to the library, schools that allow students into the library during lunch reported less behavioral issues during lunch than schools that don’t allow students in the library. Data show that students were spending that time checking out more books and working on homework assignments.” [3] X Trustworthy Source Purdue Online Writing Lab Trusted resource for writing and citation guidelines Go to source

• Call your reader to action . For example, “By working with school administrators, Greenlawn ISD can increase academic achievement by letting students use the library during lunch.”
• End with a warning . You might write, “If students aren’t allowed to use the library during lunch, they are missing out on a valuable learning opportunity they’ll never get back.”
• Evoke an image . Write, “Next year, students at Greenlawn could be gathered around a table in the library reading or broadening their minds.”
• Compare your topic to something universal to help your reader relate . You might write, “Everyone knows how stressful it is to have a planner full of assignments, so having extra time to work on them during lunch would be a great relief to many students.”
• Show why the issue is significant. Write, "Giving students more time to spend in the library will help them become more comfortable spending time there, which also helps the library's mission."
• Predict what would happen if your ideas are implemented . Say, “Next year, students at Greenlawn could increase their academic achievements, but results will only happen if they can use the library during lunch.”
• End with a compelling quote . For instance, "As author Roald Dahl once said, 'If you are going to get anywhere in life, you have to read a lot of books.'"

• You could also ask your instructor if you can see an example of a well-written conclusion to give you an idea about what they expect you to write.

• If you want to use an introductory phrase, use a stronger one like “based on the evidence” or “ultimately.” You might also begin your first sentence with a word like “although,” “while,” or “since.” [6] X Trustworthy Source University of North Carolina Writing Center UNC's on-campus and online instructional service that provides assistance to students, faculty, and others during the writing process Go to source
• Additionally, avoid “to conclude,” “in summary,” or “in closing.”

• For example, you may have opened your introduction with an anecdote, quote, or image. Bring it back up in your conclusion. Similarly, if you opened with a rhetorical question, you might offer a potential answer in your conclusion.

• For example, you wouldn’t want to end your essay about allowing students to use the library during lunch by stating, “As the evidence shows, using the library at lunch is a great way to improve student performance because they are more likely to do their homework. On a survey, students reported using the library to do research, ask homework questions, and finish their assignments early.” This leaves out your points about students reading more and having a place to spend their lunch period if they don’t like eating in the cafeteria.

• If you have introduced something you think is really important for your paper, go back through the body paragraphs and look for somewhere to add it. It’s better to leave it out of the paper than to include it in the conclusion.

• If something doesn’t make sense or your conclusion seems incomplete, revise your conclusion so that your ideas are clear.
• It’s helpful to read your entire paper as a whole to make sure it all comes together.

Community Q&A

• Don’t put any evidence or statistics in your conclusion. This information belongs in the body of your paper. [11] X Trustworthy Source University of North Carolina Writing Center UNC's on-campus and online instructional service that provides assistance to students, faculty, and others during the writing process Go to source Thanks Helpful 1 Not Helpful 0
• Make sure you aren’t simply repeating what you’ve written earlier. While you want to restate your ideas, present them in a new way for the reader. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0
• Don’t write your conclusion until you’ve written the entire paper. It’ll be much easier to come up with your concluding thoughts after the body of the paper is written. Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0

• Never copy someone else’s words or ideas without giving them credit, as this is plagiarism. If you are caught plagiarizing part of your paper, even just the conclusion, you’ll likely face severe academic penalties. Thanks Helpful 5 Not Helpful 2
• Don’t express any doubts you may have about your ideas or arguments. Whenever you share your ideas, assume the role of expert. [12] X Research source Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0

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• ↑ http://writing2.richmond.edu/writing/wweb/conclude.html
• ↑ https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/conclusions/
• ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/common_writing_assignments/argument_papers/conclusions.html
• ↑ https://writingcenter.fas.harvard.edu/pages/ending-essay-conclusions

About This Article

Writing a conclusion can seem difficult, but it’s easier if you think of it as a place to sum up the point of your paper. Begin your conclusion by restating your thesis, but don’t repeat it word-for-word. Then, use 1-2 sentences to summarize your argument, pulling together all of your points to explain how your evidence supports the thesis. End the paper with a statement that makes the reader think, like evoking a strong image or concluding with a call to action. Keep reading for tips on how to avoid cliches in your conclusion! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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Conclusions

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Conclusions wrap up what you have been discussing in your paper. After moving from general to specific information in the introduction and body paragraphs, your conclusion should begin pulling back into more general information that restates the main points of your argument. Conclusions may also call for action or overview future possible research. The following outline may help you conclude your paper:

In a general way,

• Restate your topic and why it is important,
• Restate your thesis/claim,
• Address opposing viewpoints and explain why readers should align with your position,
• Call for action or overview future research possibilities.

Remember that once you accomplish these tasks, unless otherwise directed by your instructor, you are finished. Done. Complete. Don't try to bring in new points or end with a whiz bang(!) conclusion or try to solve world hunger in the final sentence of your conclusion. Simplicity is best for a clear, convincing message.

The preacher's maxim is one of the most effective formulas to follow for argument papers:

Tell what you're going to tell them (introduction).

Tell them (body).

Tell them what you told them (conclusion).

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How to Write a Conclusion for an Argumentative Essay

3-minute read

• 27th October 2023

You’ve spent hours researching and writing a compelling argumentative essay – now it’s finally time to write the conclusion. The conclusion may be the most significant part of your essay because it’s your final opportunity to make a lasting impression on your reader. Intimidated? Don’t be! In this post, we’ll show you how to write a strong conclusion for an argumentative essay.

Restate the Thesis and Summarize the Key Points

Begin by reiterating your thesis statement to emphasize your main point. However, to avoid sounding repetitive, it’s best to paraphrase the thesis and not use the exact wording from the introductory paragraph. You can also briefly recap the key points you’ve made throughout your essay. You don’t need to dive into too much detail here; the conclusion should be a concise reminder of your most critical arguments and avoid unnecessary repetition or commentary. Keep in mind that the conclusion is not the place to provide information or arguments you haven’t included in the body of your essay.

Emphasize the Significance of Your Arguments

The conclusion of your essay is a good place to highlight the importance of your argument and the implications of your findings. Briefly explain why your essay topic is significant and how your perspective relates to the wider context. For example, if you’re writing on the rising cost of medicine, you can discuss how this topic relates to the broader fields of health care and pharmaceutical sales.

Briefly Address Counterarguments

If you’ve discussed counterarguments in your essay, briefly acknowledge them in the conclusion. You can simply mention that although there are opposing views, you’ve supported your argument with the evidence presented in your essay.

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Maintain a Consistent Tone

Keep the tone of your conclusion consistent with the rest of the essay. For example, if your essay has been primarily formal and academic, maintain that tone in the conclusion (e.g., avoid closing with an informal anecdote or a witty observation).

End With a Thought-Provoking Statement

End your conclusion with a thought-provoking statement or call to action . This could involve a recommendation or prediction, or you could pinpoint areas for further research or action related to the topic. For example, if your topic is the impact of technology on education, you could end your essay by recommending further research into the long-term effects of technology use on students beyond elementary school.

Ensure that your arguments take center stage by having our expert team proofread your essay. Our editors have experience with a wide variety of academic subjects and can ensure that your words make an impact. Send in your sample for free today to see for yourself!

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Essay writing: Conclusions

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“Pay adequate attention to the conclusion.” Kathleen McMillan & Jonathan Weyers,  How to Write Essays & Assignments

Conclusions are often overlooked, cursory and written last minute. If this sounds familiar then it's time to change and give your conclusions some much needed attention. Your conclusion is the whole point of your essay. All the other parts of the essay should have been leading your reader on an inevitable journey towards your conclusion. So make it count and finish your essay in style.

Know where you are going

Too many students focus their essays on content rather than argument. This means they pay too much attention to the main body without considering where it is leading. It can be a good idea to write a draft conclusion before  you write your main body. It is a lot easier to plan a journey when you know your destination! 

It should only be a draft however, as quite often the writing process itself can help you develop your argument and you may feel your conclusion needs adapting accordingly.

What it should include

A great conclusion should include:

A clear link back to the question . This is usually the first thing you do in a conclusion and it shows that you have (hopefully) answered it.

A sentence or two that summarise(s) your main argument but in a bit more detail than you gave in your introduction.

A series of supporting sentences that basically reiterate the main point of each of your paragraphs but show how they relate to each other and lead you to the position you have taken. Constantly ask yourself "So what?" "Why should anyone care?" and answer these questions for each of the points you make in your conclusion.

A final sentence that states why your ideas are important to the wider subject area . Where the introduction goes from general to specific, the conclusion needs to go from specific back out to general.

What it should not  include

Try to avoid including the following in your conclusion. Remember your conclusion should be entirely predictable. The reader wants no surprises.

Any new ideas . If an idea is worth including, put it in the main body. You do not need to include citations in your conclusion if you have already used them earlier and are just reiterating your point.

A change of style i.e. being more emotional or sentimental than the rest of the essay. Keep it straightforward, explanatory and clear.

Overused phrases like: “in conclusion”; “in summary”; “as shown in this essay”. Consign these to the rubbish bin!

Here are some alternatives, there are many more:

• The x main points presented here emphasise the importance of...
• The [insert something relevant] outlined above indicate that ...
• By showing the connections between x, y and z, it has been argued here that ...

Maximise marks

Remember, your conclusion is the last thing your reader (marker!) will read. Spending a little care on it will leave her/him absolutely sure that you have answered the question and you will definitely receive a higher mark than if your conclusion was a quickly written afterthought.

Your conclusion should be around 10% of your word count. There is never a situation where sacrificing words in your conclusion will benefit your essay.

The 5Cs conclusion method: (spot the typo on this video)

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How to Write a Conclusion for Research Papers (with Examples)

The conclusion of a research paper is a crucial section that plays a significant role in the overall impact and effectiveness of your research paper. However, this is also the section that typically receives less attention compared to the introduction and the body of the paper. The conclusion serves to provide a concise summary of the key findings, their significance, their implications, and a sense of closure to the study. Discussing how can the findings be applied in real-world scenarios or inform policy, practice, or decision-making is especially valuable to practitioners and policymakers. The research paper conclusion also provides researchers with clear insights and valuable information for their own work, which they can then build on and contribute to the advancement of knowledge in the field.

The research paper conclusion should explain the significance of your findings within the broader context of your field. It restates how your results contribute to the existing body of knowledge and whether they confirm or challenge existing theories or hypotheses. Also, by identifying unanswered questions or areas requiring further investigation, your awareness of the broader research landscape can be demonstrated.

Remember to tailor the research paper conclusion to the specific needs and interests of your intended audience, which may include researchers, practitioners, policymakers, or a combination of these.

Table of Contents

What is a conclusion in a research paper, summarizing conclusion, editorial conclusion, externalizing conclusion, importance of a good research paper conclusion, how to write a conclusion for your research paper, research paper conclusion examples.

• How to write a research paper conclusion with Paperpal? 

Frequently Asked Questions

A conclusion in a research paper is the final section where you summarize and wrap up your research, presenting the key findings and insights derived from your study. The research paper conclusion is not the place to introduce new information or data that was not discussed in the main body of the paper. When working on how to conclude a research paper, remember to stick to summarizing and interpreting existing content. The research paper conclusion serves the following purposes: 1

• Warn readers of the possible consequences of not attending to the problem.
• Recommend specific course(s) of action.
• Restate key ideas to drive home the ultimate point of your research paper.
• Provide a “take-home” message that you want the readers to remember about your study.

Types of conclusions for research papers

In research papers, the conclusion provides closure to the reader. The type of research paper conclusion you choose depends on the nature of your study, your goals, and your target audience. I provide you with three common types of conclusions:

A summarizing conclusion is the most common type of conclusion in research papers. It involves summarizing the main points, reiterating the research question, and restating the significance of the findings. This common type of research paper conclusion is used across different disciplines.

An editorial conclusion is less common but can be used in research papers that are focused on proposing or advocating for a particular viewpoint or policy. It involves presenting a strong editorial or opinion based on the research findings and offering recommendations or calls to action.

An externalizing conclusion is a type of conclusion that extends the research beyond the scope of the paper by suggesting potential future research directions or discussing the broader implications of the findings. This type of conclusion is often used in more theoretical or exploratory research papers.

Align your conclusion’s tone with the rest of your research paper. Start Writing with Paperpal Now!  

The conclusion in a research paper serves several important purposes:

• Offers Implications and Recommendations : Your research paper conclusion is an excellent place to discuss the broader implications of your research and suggest potential areas for further study. It’s also an opportunity to offer practical recommendations based on your findings.
• Provides Closure : A good research paper conclusion provides a sense of closure to your paper. It should leave the reader with a feeling that they have reached the end of a well-structured and thought-provoking research project.
• Leaves a Lasting Impression : Writing a well-crafted research paper conclusion leaves a lasting impression on your readers. It’s your final opportunity to leave them with a new idea, a call to action, or a memorable quote.

Writing a strong conclusion for your research paper is essential to leave a lasting impression on your readers. Here’s a step-by-step process to help you create and know what to put in the conclusion of a research paper: 2

• Research Statement : Begin your research paper conclusion by restating your research statement. This reminds the reader of the main point you’ve been trying to prove throughout your paper. Keep it concise and clear.
• Key Points : Summarize the main arguments and key points you’ve made in your paper. Avoid introducing new information in the research paper conclusion. Instead, provide a concise overview of what you’ve discussed in the body of your paper.
• Address the Research Questions : If your research paper is based on specific research questions or hypotheses, briefly address whether you’ve answered them or achieved your research goals. Discuss the significance of your findings in this context.
• Significance : Highlight the importance of your research and its relevance in the broader context. Explain why your findings matter and how they contribute to the existing knowledge in your field.
• Implications : Explore the practical or theoretical implications of your research. How might your findings impact future research, policy, or real-world applications? Consider the “so what?” question.
• Future Research : Offer suggestions for future research in your area. What questions or aspects remain unanswered or warrant further investigation? This shows that your work opens the door for future exploration.
• Closing Thought : Conclude your research paper conclusion with a thought-provoking or memorable statement. This can leave a lasting impression on your readers and wrap up your paper effectively. Avoid introducing new information or arguments here.
• Proofread and Revise : Carefully proofread your conclusion for grammar, spelling, and clarity. Ensure that your ideas flow smoothly and that your conclusion is coherent and well-structured.

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Remember that a well-crafted research paper conclusion is a reflection of the strength of your research and your ability to communicate its significance effectively. It should leave a lasting impression on your readers and tie together all the threads of your paper. Now you know how to start the conclusion of a research paper and what elements to include to make it impactful, let’s look at a research paper conclusion sample.

How to write a research paper conclusion with Paperpal?

A research paper conclusion is not just a summary of your study, but a synthesis of the key findings that ties the research together and places it in a broader context. A research paper conclusion should be concise, typically around one paragraph in length. However, some complex topics may require a longer conclusion to ensure the reader is left with a clear understanding of the study’s significance. Paperpal, an AI writing assistant trusted by over 800,000 academics globally, can help you write a well-structured conclusion for your research paper. 

• Sign Up or Log In: Create a new Paperpal account or login with your details.  
• Navigate to Features : Once logged in, head over to the features’ side navigation pane. Click on Templates and you’ll find a suite of generative AI features to help you write better, faster.  
• Generate an outline: Under Templates, select ‘Outlines’. Choose ‘Research article’ as your document type.  
• Select your section: Since you’re focusing on the conclusion, select this section when prompted.  
• Choose your field of study: Identifying your field of study allows Paperpal to provide more targeted suggestions, ensuring the relevance of your conclusion to your specific area of research. 
• Provide a brief description of your study: Enter details about your research topic and findings. This information helps Paperpal generate a tailored outline that aligns with your paper’s content. 
• Generate the conclusion outline: After entering all necessary details, click on ‘generate’. Paperpal will then create a structured outline for your conclusion, to help you start writing and build upon the outline.  
• Write your conclusion: Use the generated outline to build your conclusion. The outline serves as a guide, ensuring you cover all critical aspects of a strong conclusion, from summarizing key findings to highlighting the research’s implications. 
• Refine and enhance: Paperpal’s ‘Make Academic’ feature can be particularly useful in the final stages. Select any paragraph of your conclusion and use this feature to elevate the academic tone, ensuring your writing is aligned to the academic journal standards. 

By following these steps, Paperpal not only simplifies the process of writing a research paper conclusion but also ensures it is impactful, concise, and aligned with academic standards. Sign up with Paperpal today and write your research paper conclusion 2x faster .  

The research paper conclusion is a crucial part of your paper as it provides the final opportunity to leave a strong impression on your readers. In the research paper conclusion, summarize the main points of your research paper by restating your research statement, highlighting the most important findings, addressing the research questions or objectives, explaining the broader context of the study, discussing the significance of your findings, providing recommendations if applicable, and emphasizing the takeaway message. The main purpose of the conclusion is to remind the reader of the main point or argument of your paper and to provide a clear and concise summary of the key findings and their implications. All these elements should feature on your list of what to put in the conclusion of a research paper to create a strong final statement for your work.

A strong conclusion is a critical component of a research paper, as it provides an opportunity to wrap up your arguments, reiterate your main points, and leave a lasting impression on your readers. Here are the key elements of a strong research paper conclusion: 1. Conciseness : A research paper conclusion should be concise and to the point. It should not introduce new information or ideas that were not discussed in the body of the paper. 2. Summarization : The research paper conclusion should be comprehensive enough to give the reader a clear understanding of the research’s main contributions. 3 . Relevance : Ensure that the information included in the research paper conclusion is directly relevant to the research paper’s main topic and objectives; avoid unnecessary details. 4 . Connection to the Introduction : A well-structured research paper conclusion often revisits the key points made in the introduction and shows how the research has addressed the initial questions or objectives. 5. Emphasis : Highlight the significance and implications of your research. Why is your study important? What are the broader implications or applications of your findings? 6 . Call to Action : Include a call to action or a recommendation for future research or action based on your findings.

The length of a research paper conclusion can vary depending on several factors, including the overall length of the paper, the complexity of the research, and the specific journal requirements. While there is no strict rule for the length of a conclusion, but it’s generally advisable to keep it relatively short. A typical research paper conclusion might be around 5-10% of the paper’s total length. For example, if your paper is 10 pages long, the conclusion might be roughly half a page to one page in length.

In general, you do not need to include citations in the research paper conclusion. Citations are typically reserved for the body of the paper to support your arguments and provide evidence for your claims. However, there may be some exceptions to this rule: 1. If you are drawing a direct quote or paraphrasing a specific source in your research paper conclusion, you should include a citation to give proper credit to the original author. 2. If your conclusion refers to or discusses specific research, data, or sources that are crucial to the overall argument, citations can be included to reinforce your conclusion’s validity.

The conclusion of a research paper serves several important purposes: 1. Summarize the Key Points 2. Reinforce the Main Argument 3. Provide Closure 4. Offer Insights or Implications 5. Engage the Reader. 6. Reflect on Limitations

Remember that the primary purpose of the research paper conclusion is to leave a lasting impression on the reader, reinforcing the key points and providing closure to your research. It’s often the last part of the paper that the reader will see, so it should be strong and well-crafted.

• Makar, G., Foltz, C., Lendner, M., & Vaccaro, A. R. (2018). How to write effective discussion and conclusion sections. Clinical spine surgery, 31(8), 345-346.
• Bunton, D. (2005). The structure of PhD conclusion chapters.  Journal of English for academic purposes ,  4 (3), 207-224.

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Your Best College Essay

Maybe you love to write, or maybe you don’t. Either way, there’s a chance that the thought of writing your college essay is making you sweat. No need for nerves! We’re here to give you the important details on how to make the process as anxiety-free as possible.

What's the College Essay?

When we say “The College Essay” (capitalization for emphasis – say it out loud with the capitals and you’ll know what we mean) we’re talking about the 550-650 word essay required by most colleges and universities. Prompts for this essay can be found on the college’s website, the Common Application, or the Coalition Application. We’re not talking about the many smaller supplemental essays you might need to write in order to apply to college. Not all institutions require the essay, but most colleges and universities that are at least semi-selective do.

How do I get started?

Look for the prompts on whatever application you’re using to apply to schools (almost all of the time – with a few notable exceptions – this is the Common Application). If one of them calls out to you, awesome! You can jump right in and start to brainstorm. If none of them are giving you the right vibes, don’t worry. They’re so broad that almost anything you write can fit into one of the prompts after you’re done. Working backwards like this is totally fine and can be really useful!

What if I have writer's block?

You aren’t alone. Staring at a blank Google Doc and thinking about how this is the one chance to tell an admissions officer your story can make you freeze. Thinking about some of these questions might help you find the right topic:

• What is something about you that people have pointed out as distinctive?
• If you had to pick three words to describe yourself, what would they be? What are things you’ve done that demonstrate these qualities?
• What’s something about you that has changed over your years in high school? How or why did it change?
• What’s something you like most about yourself?
• What’s something you love so much that you lose track of the rest of the world while you do it?

If you’re still stuck on a topic, ask your family members, friends, or other trusted adults: what’s something they always think about when they think about you? What’s something they think you should be proud of? They might help you find something about yourself that you wouldn’t have surfaced on your own.  

How do I grab my reader's attention?

It’s no secret that admissions officers are reading dozens – and sometimes hundreds – of essays every day. That can feel like a lot of pressure to stand out. But if you try to write the most unique essay in the world, it might end up seeming forced if it’s not genuinely you. So, what’s there to do? Our advice: start your essay with a story. Tell the reader about something you’ve done, complete with sensory details, and maybe even dialogue. Then, in the second paragraph, back up and tell us why this story is important and what it tells them about you and the theme of the essay.

THE WORD LIMIT IS SO LIMITING. HOW DO I TELL A COLLEGE MY WHOLE LIFE STORY IN 650 WORDS?

Don’t! Don’t try to tell an admissions officer about everything you’ve loved and done since you were a child. Instead, pick one or two things about yourself that you’re hoping to get across and stick to those. They’ll see the rest on the activities section of your application.

I'M STUCK ON THE CONCLUSION. HELP?

If you can’t think of another way to end the essay, talk about how the qualities you’ve discussed in your essays have prepared you for college. Try to wrap up with a sentence that refers back to the story you told in your first paragraph, if you took that route.

SHOULD I PROOFREAD MY ESSAY?

YES, proofread the essay, and have a trusted adult proofread it as well. Know that any suggestions they give you are coming from a good place, but make sure they aren’t writing your essay for you or putting it into their own voice. Admissions officers want to hear the voice of you, the applicant. Before you submit your essay anywhere, our number one advice is to read it out loud to yourself. When you read out loud you’ll catch small errors you may not have noticed before, and hear sentences that aren’t quite right.

ANY OTHER ADVICE?

Be yourself. If you’re not a naturally serious person, don’t force formality. If you’re the comedian in your friend group, go ahead and be funny. But ultimately, write as your authentic (and grammatically correct) self and trust the process.

And remember, thousands of other students your age are faced with this same essay writing task, right now. You can do it!

A 10-Step Guide to Writing an Outstanding Personal Statement

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Applying to college can be daunting, especially when it comes to writing a personal statement. This essay showcases not just your writing skills but also your unique personality, achievements, and aspirations. Understanding that while grades are crucial, a personal statement often becomes the differentiating factor in your application. To navigate this essential component, we’ve compiled a ten-step guide, replete with examples, to ensure your personal statement leaves a lasting impression on admissions officers.

Applying to college can be a daunting task, especially when it comes to writing a personal statement. This essay not only showcases your writing skills but also highlights your unique personality, achievements, and aspirations. While it may seem unnecessary, tedious, time-consuming, and just another tick-the-box, know that as each application is processed, grades are just one of the criteria of selection, more often than not a personal statement becomes the differentiating factor.

To help you navigate this crucial component of your application, we’ve compiled a ten-step guide, complete with inspiring examples to ensure your personal statement makes a lasting impression on admissions officers.

• Start Early and Brainstorm Begin the process early to give yourself plenty of time to brainstorm. Reflect on your experiences, achievements, and motivations. Think about what makes you unique, both in terms of personality and life experiences.
• Understand the Prompt Make sure you clearly understand what the college is asking for. Each institution may have different prompts or questions. Tailor your response specifically to each prompt, ensuring you answer it fully and directly. Be comprehensive and succinct in your answers, choosing words that convey your candidature the best.
• Create an Outline Draft an outline to organize your thoughts and ensure a coherent flow of ideas. This will help you structure your statement effectively, making sure every part contributes towards presenting a compelling narrative.
• Exhibit, Don’t Tell Use specific examples to demonstrate your qualities and achievements. Instead of stating that you’re a great leader, describe a situation where you demonstrated leadership. This method makes your statement more engaging and believable.
• Focus on Your Strengths While it might be tempting to cover a wide range of subjects, focusing on a few key strengths or experiences can have a stronger impact. Depth over breadth is crucial in personal statements.
• Be Authentic Admissions officers can tell when a statement is genuine. Write honestly about your experiences and passions and let your natural voice shine through. Authenticity is key to making a personal statement stand out.
• Get Feedback After drafting your statement, seek feedback from teachers, mentors, or friends. They can provide insights on clarity, grammar, and the overall impact of your essay. They all have a perspective of you from an external viewpoint, so do not skip this step.
• Revise and Edit Use the feedback to revise your statement. Look for areas where you can clarify your points, eliminate redundancy, and correct grammatical errors. This step is crucial for polishing your final submission.
• Keep It Concise Adhere to the word limit. Being able to express your thoughts concisely and effectively is a skill appreciated by admissions officers.
• Final Review Before submitting, do a final review. Read your statement out loud to catch any remaining errors or awkward phrasing. Make sure it sounds natural and is easy to read.

Examples of Exemplary Personal Statements:

Example 1: The Innovator Jane’s personal statement begins with a vivid description of her tinkering with a broken radio at age eight, which sparked her interest in technology. She intertwines her personal journey with her academic achievements, such as leading her school’s robotics team to a national competition. Jane uses specific examples, like designing a new robot navigation system, to demonstrate her passion and skill in engineering.

Example 2: The Community Leader John opens his statement with a powerful recount of organizing community relief efforts during a local flood. Highlighting his role in mobilizing volunteers and coordinating with local authorities, he demonstrates strong leadership and commitment to his community. His narrative includes feedback from the community and the personal growth he experienced, providing a well-rounded view of his character.

Example 3: The Attentive Listener Emma’s personal statement explores her profound appreciation for music and its role in shaping her interpersonal connections. She describes an afternoon spent sharing playlists with a group of international students, which turned into a deep discussion about cultural expressions through music. This experience not only highlights her listening skills but also illustrates her ability to forge meaningful relationships through shared interests.

Example 4: The Compassionate Leader David writes about his high emotional quotient and how it spurred him to lead a community initiative focused on animal welfare. His personal statement recounts organizing local workshops to educate people about animal kindness and launching a successful campaign for a local shelter. David’s story reflects his empathy and leadership in translating compassion into actionable community improvement.

Commentary: Every life is extraordinary; it’s how you narrate your story that captures the reader’s eye. Your personal statement should reflect your unique experiences and aspirations.

Conclusion:

In crafting your personal statement, remember, you don’t have to be extraordinary in the usual sense—honesty and transparency are key. Be a dreamer of the art of the possible; dream as big as you can and let those dreams articulate themselves in your words. This approach not only reveals your true self to admissions officers but also shows your potential to contribute meaningfully to their academic community. Start your adventure today! Use these steps as your guide to find the university that best fits your future goals. Dream big and achieve even bigger.

A 10-Step Guide to Picking the Right University

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How to write a research paper: a detailed guide

Learning how to write a research paper is essential. Successfully communicating your results needs careful preparation, research, and writing. Research papers are not only a collection of thoughts or facts. It is a detailed investigation of a single subject with the goal of offering new insights backed by thoroughly studied facts. Writing a paper like this requires a strong comprehension of the topic and the capacity to persuade. Challenges improve analytical abilities, knowledge, and intellectual discourse. Given the complexity and importance of this activity, a clear strategy and expertise of expectations are essential. To ensure you write an engaging, captivating, and academically sound research paper, this guide will teach you the necessary procedures.

Research paper: definition and importance

A research paper is a well-structured academic work that provides your findings, interpretations, and arguments after extensive topic examination. The essence of writing a research paper is to improve critical thinking, analytical abilities, and topic knowledge. These papers enhance your education and influence academic and professional research and policy.

Researchers need research papers to question hypotheses and provide new solutions. They give new researchers a forum to build a reputation and connect with the academic community, making them crucial. Any prospective academic should learn how to write a research paper since a well-written paper may lead to more research, partnerships, and career progression.

Writing a research paper also stimulates the distribution of knowledge and ideas, which is vital for the progress of any academic discipline. Researchers build on knowledge by documenting and sharing results. Each research paper can lead to discoveries or disprove outdated theories, which advances science and humanities. Moreover, the process of creating a research paper needs a high level of care and honesty, requiring the researcher to credit sources and prevent plagiarism carefully. This ethical aspect of research ensures that the work is credible and respects the intellectual property rights of others. It also teaches researchers the importance of accountability and the ethical dissemination of information.

Furthermore, the abilities obtained from writing research papers are essential in different career domains beyond academics. Complex data analysis, idea synthesis, and persuasive presentation are among these skills. Writing a well-argued and supported text is valuable in science, business, law, and public policy.

Writing a research paper: essential steps

The journey of writing a research paper can be detailed and complex, requiring a thoughtful approach at each step. Subsequent steps involve detailed research to find evidence that supports your thesis, crafting a comprehensive research paper outline, and then drafting the paper itself.

Review requirements

Research paper preparation begins with a thorough analysis of your school's or publisher's requirements. This includes comprehending the research paper outline, reference formats (APA, MLA, or Chicago), document length, abstracts, appendices, and sometimes tables or figures. These guidelines are meant to guarantee that your work meets academic standards and is presented in a way that is accepted in academia.

You must also learn your professors' or reviewers' assessment criteria. This understanding affects your process of writing a research paper, from study depth to argument complexity. Understanding these factors helps you adjust your work to suit expectations, maximizing presentation impact and clarity. Before writing, carefully evaluate these prerequisites to avoid complications during the review process, making writing a research paper more efficient and focused.

Select a topic

Topic selection is crucial to the process of writing a research paper. The proper topic should fascinate you and be deep enough for academic investigation. This essential stage requires combining personal excitement with the topic's practicality, ensuring it is well-resourced and can contribute fresh insights into the subject.

A good topic guides your research and determines its direction and breadth. It should take you deep into the topic, linking to current disputes or filling gaps in the literature. As you narrow your topic, assess its relevance and possible influence on the field to ensure it adds value and enhances academic conversation. A deliberate pick starts a captivating and instructive trip of writing a research paper.

Preliminary study

Your study needs preliminary research to place it in the academic context. This step entails a thorough literature assessment of scholarly publications, books, and trustworthy internet resources. By doing so, you outline your topic's key themes, ongoing controversies, and gaps that your study may fill. It also makes your research topic or thesis statement more focused and powerful.

Taking good notes and organizing your discoveries at this level is crucial to comprehend the issue. This foundation improves your understanding and helps you create a great research paper outline. After this step, you should have a clear path for your research and be ready to write a convincing and logical argument.

Craft a thesis

The thesis statement summarizes your research paper's main point. The entire text should be guided by its clarity, arguability, and research importance. A well-written thesis educates readers about your study and organizes and impacts all paper material.

Deep thought on early research findings and insights is needed to write a convincing thesis. This statement should relate current information to your unique perspective and propose a new argument or insight that enhances the area. A strong thesis makes a claim backed by evidence throughout the process of writing a research paper, setting the foundation for a convincing and comprehensive debate.

Find supporting evidence

After establishing your thesis, writing a research paper requires gathering and arranging supporting information. This proof must be strong and from credible academic publications, books, and databases. Your paper relies on credible and relevant evidence to support your thesis and arguments.

To maintain document integrity, sources must be critically assessed for validity and bias. Integrating primary and secondary materials to support your argument is crucial at this stage. Each proof point should support your main point, laying the groundwork for the research paper format and creating a captivating academic narrative.

Craft an outline

Creating a clear outline helps you organize and structure your research work. The outline should have an introduction, body parts, and a conclusion. Each part should be coherent, with headers and subheadings defining the key ideas and supporting arguments.

Your outline is a roadmap for your work and a tool for argument coherence. It helps you organize the paper's material and evidence by visualizing its structure. An excellent outline guides your writing process and keeps you focused on the critical thesis, ensuring that every aspect of your work is completed correctly.

Draft your paper

With a solid outline, drafting your research paper is easier. Translate your research and analytical findings into an organized text. An intriguing opening that introduces your thesis and paper's goal should start your draft. Each body paragraph should follow the preceding format, with distinct subject sentences and evidence.

Maintain a formal, impartial tone and follow your discipline's academic norms when writing. Each part should develop your argument and flow logically from the previous one. In this drafting stage, you polish your thoughts and arguments to create an informative and appealing work that showcases your research abilities and intellectual rigor in writing a research paper.

Cite your sources

Academic writing requires proper source citation to acknowledge the authors and give proof to your readers. In your work, correctly reference all sources using APA, MLA, Chicago, or another style. When asked, "How to write a research paper?" one should emphasize the importance of ethical practices and the use of credible sources to maintain the integrity and value of academic work.

Proper and consistent citations show where the information came from and help readers follow your study. This practice is not just a procedure for producing a research report but a basic philosophy that promotes respectful and ethical study.

Review and edit

Your manuscript must be carefully reviewed and edited in the last stage of writing the research paper. Refine your phrasing, eliminate grammatical faults, and make sure your argument flows logically and clearly at this stage. Peers or mentors can see faults and offer crucial criticism that you may miss.

Editing is more than proofreading — it's a chance to evaluate your paper's ideas, evidence, and impact. To fulfill academic publication requirements and demonstrate your skills in writing a research paper, make changes to your work's clarity, effectiveness, and professionalism.

How to write a research paper: effective tips

Start early.

Starting research early is vital for a well-structured research paper. First, it lets you thoroughly investigate and comprehend your issue. This preparation is essential for a solid research article. Starting early gives you time to acquire primary data, analyze it, and synthesize it. Early interaction with your topic can also help you find challenges, questions, and literature gaps, which can inform your study. This proactive strategy reduces last-minute stress and improves your work by giving you more time to dwell on your results and develop your arguments.

Stay organized

Managing the vast volume of research data requires organization. Create a separate workplace and organize your study materials using digital or physical files. Use reference management software for better citation and source tracking. Organizing your notes and references will save you time and work when writing your paper, allowing you to find important material quickly. Effective organization accelerates writing and reduces the danger of missing key material, resulting in a more complete and cohesive study presentation.

Unlock the benefits of paper writing assistance

Navigating the complexities of academic writing can often be overwhelming, particularly when you're faced with the task of starting a new project. If you find yourself wondering, "Who can do my assignment?" or how to effectively start a research paper, consider the unparalleled support offered by professional writing services. These experts are adept in understanding and applying the correct research paper format, ensuring that every aspect of your paper meets academic standards.

Moreover, such services extend beyond writing; they are proficient in academic citations, helping you confidently cite a research paper in MLA format, among other formats. This level of support is crucial, especially when handling intricate projects that require a meticulous approach to sourcing and citation.

Engaging with professional writing help can significantly reduce the stress associated with academic assignments. These services provide a scaffold that supports your educational endeavors, enabling you to focus on learning. At the same time, experts handle the technicalities of your assignments. The benefit is twofold: you receive a professionally crafted research paper, and you gain insights into the mechanics of effective academic writing, which can be invaluable in your future scholarly pursuits.

Seek feedback

Seeking feedback is essential to research writing. Early and frequent feedback from peers, mentors, and advisers may greatly enhance your article. Feedback may provide you with new views on your issue, reveal argument shortcomings, and improve your writing's clarity and effectiveness. Constructive criticism helps you think critically about your work and progress academically. Present your results and drafts to others; their feedback might spark fresh ideas and improve your argument. Remember, external feedback is essential to writing a solid, well-argued work.

Stay objective

Writing a research paper requires objectivity. It's crucial to conduct research without bias and deliver conclusions based on evidence. This neutrality guarantees that your work is reputable and that your arguments are convincing and founded on research, not bias. Use credible sources and avoid cherry-picking facts to support your thesis for objectivity. Consider all relevant facts, even if they oppose your idea. This method improves your paper's integrity and shows your critical thinking. Balancing your analysis builds audience trust and scholarly credibility.

Draft multiple versions

Embrace the iterative process of writing by developing numerous revisions of your research report, particularly when you ponder the question, "What is a research paper?" Each draft serves as an opportunity to develop your thoughts and reinforce your arguments. Start with a rough draft of your primary claims and evidence, crucial for anyone learning "How to write a research paper?" Don’t worry about perfection in this stage; the goal is to get your thoughts on paper. Rewrite to improve clarity and flow, refine your thesis, and ensure each part logically supports your primary point. Try alternate organizational structures and presenting techniques in subsequent revisions.

Use active voice

For a more dynamic and transparent research paper, use the active voice. Active voice simplifies sentences by showing who does what. A direct statement is "The researcher analyzed the data" (active), not "The researcher analyzed the data." Active voice clarity is frequently preferred in academic writing, while the passive voice can emphasize the activity or receiver. Active voice writing is more lively and engaging, which can keep readers interested. You may also write more concisely with active sentences, which employ fewer words. When reviewing your drafts, look for ways to make passive constructions active, keeping in mind that some disciplines prefer them.

Break down complex ideas

Complex concepts can be a hindrance to understanding if not handled appropriately. Break complex ideas into simpler parts to explain them. Outline the main idea, then detail each part in a logical order that builds on previous information. Structure these components using subheadings to explain your rationale. Bullet points can enumerate characteristics or variables, while diagrams or flowcharts can show linkages or processes. This approach not only aids your readers in understanding complex material but also helps you to organize and articulate your thoughts more clearly. Furthermore, by deconstructing complicated ideas, you give a more accessible entrance point for readers unfamiliar with the subject, so increasing the impact and comprehension of your work.

Maintain consistency

Writing consistency affects professionalism and readability, which are crucial when tackling questions like "What is a research paper?" and "How to write a research paper?" Use the same style, tone, and layout throughout your text. To ensure consistency, use the same font and style for body text, headings, and subheadings, and apply spacing and paragraph alignment rules. This uniformity lets readers focus on the content rather than stylistic inconsistencies. Using one tense and a consistent voice throughout the article promotes narrative cohesion. Review your work for content and stylistic components, or use style guidelines or software to preserve document uniformity.

What is the purpose of a research paper?

A research article contributes to academic conversation by presenting novel thoughts, results, and arguments based on a comprehensive study. Through it, students, academics, and professionals may demonstrate their expertise and network with others in the area, improving personal and collective knowledge.

How do I choose a topic for my research paper?

Choosing a topic requires finding one that fascinates you and has plenty of study potential. It should be something you love to keep you motivated while writing. Furthermore, the issue should be practical, with enough knowledge and resources for full investigation and debates.

How do I craft a strong thesis statement?

A solid thesis statement communicates your paper's main point. It should be clear, simple, and argued to guide your study and writing. A strong thesis requires combining early research into a cohesive, evidence-based argument.

Why do you need to cite sources properly in a research paper?

Research papers need proper citations to demonstrate credibility, thank other researchers, and prevent plagiarism. Citations allow readers to verify your facts and follow up on the study, creating a transparent and ethical academic atmosphere.

Research paper writing demands careful preparation, extensive research, and meticulous analysis. You may master your topic and contribute to your area by following this guide's planned phases and giving each step the time and attention it deserves. Remember, a good research paper shows your expertise, critical thinking, and academic writing. Learning the question "How to write a research paper?" is about growing as a researcher and contributing to the academic community.

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Hey everyone, I've got an upcoming WHAP (World History AP) DBQ essay to write and I'm feeling a little nervous. Can anyone give me some pointers on how to approach it? Thanks in advance!

Hi there! Writing a WHAP DBQ essay can be challenging, but with the right approach, you'll do just fine. Here are some steps and tips to help you succeed:

1. Analyze the prompt: Carefully read the prompt and make sure you understand what it's asking. Clearly identify the time period, region, and theme being addressed so you know what to focus on.

2. Pre-write and brainstorm: As you read through the provided documents in the DBQ, take notes and jot down any connections or trends you see. Briefly outline your ideas before you start writing, and group the documents into categories that will support your arguments.

3. Develop a clear thesis: Your thesis statement should directly answer the prompt, stating a clear and concise argument or claim. Be specific and make sure it can be supported by the evidence provided in the documents.

4. Contextualize: Providing historical context is important in a DBQ. Start your essay by setting the stage for the documents and explaining the broader historical developments associated with the prompt.

5. Organize your essay: Structure your essay into coherent paragraphs, each addressing a specific component of your thesis. Begin each paragraph with a clear topic sentence that conveys the main point of the paragraph.

6. Use evidence from the documents: When using evidence from the documents, be sure to clearly explain how the evidence supports your thesis. Cite specific examples, and analyze or interpret the documents rather than merely summarizing them. Try to incorporate 6 or 7 of the provided documents in your essay.

7. Address point of view, purpose, or audience: For at least 3 documents, analyze the author's point of view, purpose, or intended audience. Consider the author's background, historical context, and any biases that could impact their perspective or the document's content.

8. Include outside evidence: Although the documents provide much of the evidence for your essay, you should also incorporate relevant historical evidence not found in the documents to strengthen your argument.

9. Synthesize: Connect your argument to a larger historical theme or development. Show how your analysis relates to broader historical processes or consequences. This could be in your conclusion or integrated into your body paragraphs.

10. Edit and proofread: After writing your essay, take some time to review it for grammar, punctuation, and spelling errors. Make sure your ideas are conveyed clearly, and your essay is well-organized.

Best of luck on your WHAP DBQ essay!

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CollegeVine’s Q&A seeks to offer informed perspectives on commonly asked admissions questions. Every answer is refined and validated by our team of admissions experts to ensure it resonates with trusted knowledge in the field.

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How to Write Good TOEFL Integrated Essay- Pro Tips 2024

TOEFL Integrated Essay: In the TOEFL writing section, candidates encounter two distinct tasks: Task 1, known as the TOEFL Integrated Writing Task, and Task 2, referred to as the TOEFL Independent Writing Task. Together, these tasks constitute a 50-minute examination assessing candidates’ reading, writing, and listening abilities in English.

This article primarily focuses on Task 1, providing detailed insights into its structure and a sample question for better understanding.

What is TOEFL Writing Task 1? – TOEFL Integrated Writing Task 

In the Integrated Writing section of the TOEFL, candidates are required to utilize their reading, listening, and writing skills to complete the task. They are given three minutes to prepare for an essay by reading a brief passage and listening to an audio clip on a single topic.

Following the preparation time, candidates have 20 minutes to compose an essay in response to the two sources. These sources can present two scenarios:

• Contradictory: The audio clip contradicts the information presented in the passage.
• Supportive: The audio clip supports the content of the passage.

Regardless of the scenario, candidates must summarize the topic within a range of 150 to 225 words. Moreover, they are expected to establish a clear connection between the information provided in the passage and the content of the audio clip.

Relationship Between Passage and Audio Lecture

• Argumentative Style (Common): The passage presents a viewpoint, while the lecture presents a contrasting perspective.
• Problem-Solution Style (Less Common): The passage introduces an issue, and the lecture offers potential solutions.
• Solution-Problem Style (Less Common): The passage proposes solutions to a problem, and the lecture critiques or raises concerns about these solutions.

The Question

After the lecture finishes, the question will be shown.  It will look something like this:

• Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they oppose specific points made in the reading passage.
• Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they answer the specific problems presented in the reading passage.
• Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they cast doubt on specific solutions presented in the reading passage.

After you see the question, you will get 20 minutes for planning, writing and revising the essay.

Note-Taking Tips

• Prepare your paper before the question begins by labeling sections as “reading” and “listening” and drawing arrows to indicate connections between them. Even though you’ll have access to the article as you write, it’s advisable to take notes during the reading period to ensure attentive comprehension.

TOEFL Integrated Essay

• Employ shorthand such as “grav” for gravity, “cond” for conditions, and “effec” for effects to save time while taking notes. Use “x” as a placeholder for negatives like “not,” “no,” or “can’t.”
• Immediately after the lecture concludes, expand upon your notes while the details are still fresh in your mind. Use a pencil for practice sessions, as this is the writing implement allowed on test day.

TOEFL Writing Integrated Task Exercises

Question 1: summarize the key points outlined in the passage and provide insights based on the lecture..

Sample Reading Passage: Sea Otters, once abundant along the west coast of North America from California to Alaska, have experienced a rapid decline in population in recent years. This decline has had a direct impact on the coastal ecosystem due to the important role Sea Otters play in maintaining balance. Investigators attribute this decline to two main factors: attacks by predators and environmental pollution. Environmental pollution, particularly from oil rigs along the Alaskan coast, has been identified as a significant contributor to the decline. Water samples taken by investigators revealed high chemical content that can affect the immune systems of marine life, leading to mortality. Similar declines in other sea mammals, such as seals, further support the hypothesis of water pollution as a primary cause. The uneven decline of Sea Otters along the coast is also attributed to pollution concentration influenced by ocean currents and natural factors.

Insights: The lecture provides additional insight into the decline of Sea Otter populations along the Alaskan coast. It emphasizes the role of environmental pollution, particularly from oil rigs, as a major contributing factor. The lecture highlights how pollution affects marine life’s immune systems, leading to increased mortality rates. Furthermore, it suggests that pollution concentration, influenced by ocean currents and natural factors, unevenly affects Sea Otter populations along the coast.

Question 2: Summarize the lecturer’s viewpoint and its relation to the provided reading passage.

Sample Reading Passage: The International Astronomical Union Conference announced the reclassification of Pluto as a dwarf planet on August 24, 2006. Initially discovered in 1930, Pluto was thought to be similar in size to Earth but was later found to be smaller than Earth’s moon and other moons. The discovery of numerous planetary objects similar to Pluto, such as Eris, led to its reclassification. While the news may disappoint Pluto enthusiasts, it reflects the progress of science. Despite the emotional attachment to Pluto as a planet, its reclassification has been widely accepted, especially among current students who recognize only eight planets in the solar system.

Insights: The lecture reinforces the reclassification of Pluto as a dwarf planet and its acceptance as a scientific advancement. It acknowledges the emotional attachment to Pluto as a planet but emphasizes the importance of scientific progress in understanding celestial bodies. Additionally, it highlights how current students recognize only eight planets in the solar system, reflecting the widespread acceptance of Pluto’s reclassification.

TOEFL Integrated Writing Template to Follow for Better Score

To effectively tackle the integrated writing task in the TOEFL exam, candidates should adhere to the recommended template outlined below:

• Introduction Paragraph: Commence the essay by stating that both the lecture and the reading passage address the topic of (topic). Highlight that while the reading passage supports the notion that (thought), the lecturer expresses a different viewpoint by stating (sayings). Emphasize that there are points of agreement/disagreement between the lecturer and the author, which will be elaborated upon in the subsequent essay.
• Body Paragraphs: In the first body paragraph, discuss the assertion made in the reading passage (statement 1) regarding (discussion). Provide context to the point and mention how it is either challenged or affirmed by the lecturer in the audio clip, who states (statement).
• Move on to the second body paragraph , focusing on the second statement mentioned in the reading passage. Explain the point made by the author and how it relates to the topic. Then, present the lecturer’s response, which either aligns with or contradicts the statement. Provide the lecturer’s perspective by including (audio content) and elaborating on their stance with (discussion).
• Transition to the third body paragraph , addressing the third statement proposed by the author. Clarify the suggestion made and its significance in the context of the topic. Subsequently, incorporate the lecturer’s stance, indicating whether they agree or disagree with the statement. Support the lecturer’s viewpoint with (statement) and provide further explanation with (explanation).
• Conclusion (Optional): Optionally, conclude with a brief summary of the main points discussed in the essay, reinforcing the key arguments presented and the relationship between the reading passage and the lecturer’s perspective.

Tips for TOEFL Writing Tasks

Here are essential strategies for TOEFL writing success:

• Allocate your time wisely, ensuring each paragraph fits within the 20-minute timeframe. Reserve the final 5 minutes for proofreading and correcting any grammatical mistakes.
• Develop a habit of concise writing from the outset of your preparation.
• While listening to the audio, actively jot down key points to ensure your essay encompasses all crucial details.
• Incorporate transitional phrases to enhance the coherence and cohesion of your writing.
• Utilize abbreviated notes during the listening phase to save time and aid in recall during the writing process.

TOEFL Integrated Essay is a chance for test-takers to show how well they understand and explain information from different sources. It’s not just about understanding—it’s about organizing thoughts clearly, giving reasons for ideas, and writing well.

To do well, it is important to practice and learn how to approach this task. With practice and focus, test-takers can do well on the TOEFL writing section.

Related Links

• TOEFL Full Form
• TOEFL Exam 2024
• R ole of TOEFL Score for US Universities 2024
• TOEFL Exam Dates 2024

TOEFL Integrated Essay- FAQs

What is the toefl integrated essay.

The TOEFL Integrated Essay is the first writing task on the TOEFL test. It requires test-takers to read a passage and listen to a lecture on the same topic. Then, they must write an essay that summarizes the key points and explains how they relate to each other.

How much time do I have for the TOEFL Integrated Essay?

Test-takers have a total of 20 minutes to complete the TOEFL Integrated Essay. This includes three minutes for reading the passage, listening to the lecture, and taking notes, and 17 minutes for writing the essay.

What is the structure of the TOEFL Integrated Essay?

The essay consists of an introduction, three body paragraphs, and a conclusion. In the introduction, test-takers introduce the topic and briefly mention the main points. Each body paragraph discusses one main point from the passage and the corresponding point from the lecture. Finally, the conclusion summarizes the main points and restates the overall relationship between the passage and the lecture.

How should I prepare for the TOEFL Integrated Essay?

To prepare for the TOEFL Integrated Essay, practice reading academic passages and listening to lectures on various topics. Work on taking effective notes during the reading and listening phases, and practice writing essays that summarize the main points and explain their relationship.

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Jak napsat vysvětlující esej

• Redakční tým Smodin
• Publikováno: 24

Studie z English Language Teaching Educational Journal nalezeno že studenti se při psaní esejí setkávají s obtížemi při organizování myšlenek, vytváření nápadů a porozumění procesům psaní [1]. To vše jsou klíčové součásti sestavení dobré vysvětlující eseje. Pokud to zní jako vy, pak se nebojte.

Při správném přístupu můžete všechny tyto komponenty plynule kombinovat. Tato příručka vám poskytne jednoduchou strategii pro psaní vysvětlující eseje krok za krokem. Poskytne vám také užitečné tipy pro psaní a návrhy nástrojů, jako je využití umělé inteligence.

S tímto průvodcem budete moci s jistotou napsat vysvětlující esej.

1. Vypracujte silnou tezi

Vytvoření silné teze je základním kamenem každé dobře napsané vysvětlující eseje. Připravuje půdu pro to, co bude vaše esej pokrývat, a objasňuje hlavní bod, který se chystáte vysvětlit. Zde je návod, jak vytvořit diplomovou práci:

• Najděte hlavní myšlenku : Začněte tím, že určíte klíčový koncept nebo otázku, kterou chcete vysvětlit. Vytvořte jasný účel eseje. To povede k vašemu výzkumu a procesu psaní vaší vysvětlující práce. Použijte další renomované příklady vysvětlujících esejů, které vedou vaše nápady. To může zahrnovat prozkoumání dalších témat vysvětlujících esejů ve stejné oblasti.
• Buď konkrétní : Vágní teze může čtenáře zmást. Ujistěte se tedy, že vaše prohlášení je jasné. Pokud vysvětlujete složitý proces, rozdělte ho na jeho klíčové body. Poté jej rozdělte do jasného, ​​stručného prohlášení, které je snadno pochopitelné.
• Odrážet objektivitu : Výkladové eseje vzdělávají a informují. Ani se nehádají. Vaše práce by tedy měla k tématu zaujmout nezaujatý postoj. Měl by prezentovat fakta taková, jaká jsou, ne tak, jak je vykládáte.
• Používejte nástroje jako např Spisovatel Smodin : Smodin Writer dělá všechnu těžkou práci tím, že využívá sílu umělé inteligence. S ním můžete vytvořit esej s prohlášením o práci. Jak, ptáte se? Prostřednictvím své oddané generátor diplomových prací . Může vytvořit prohlášení, které je silné a relevantní. Navíc dokáže vytáhnout všechny nejzajímavější informace na základě vašeho tématu, které dále obohatí vaši diplomovou práci.

Udělejte svou práci jasnou, informativní a neutrální. To vytváří silný základ pro efektivní vysvětlující esej. Dále se podíváme na to, jak shromáždit informace, které budete potřebovat k efektivní podpoře této teze.

2. Zkoumejte a shromažďujte informace

Musíte provést důkladný výzkum, který podloží vaši práci důvěryhodnými zdroji a relevantními důkazy. Díky tomu bude vaše vysvětlující esej informativní a přesvědčivá. Zde je podrobný návod k provádění efektivního výzkumu:

• Začněte plánem: Dejte dohromady vysvětlující osnovu eseje, která obsahuje informace, které potřebujete k podpoře své práce. V plánu by měly být uvedeny nejlepší zdroje, jako jsou akademické časopisy, knihy, renomované webové stránky nebo odborné články.
• Použijte důvěryhodné zdroje: Zajišťují přesnost vašeho eseje. Knihovny, akademické databáze a certifikované webové stránky jsou vynikajícími místy k nalezení důvěryhodných informací.
• Vyhledejte podrobné informace: Hledejte nejaktuálnější zdroje, které dobře vysvětlují vaše téma a poskytují jedinečné poznatky související s vaším tvrzením o diplomové práci nebo proti němu. Tato hloubka je zásadní pro jasné a důkladné vysvětlení složitých myšlenek ve vašich vysvětlujících dokumentech. Věnujte pozornost struktuře vysvětlující eseje, která vám pomůže vybrat si téma (více o tom později).
• Shromážděte relevantní důkazy: Sbírejte data, statistiky a příklady. Měly by přímo podporovat vaše hlavní body. Ujistěte se, že tyto důkazy přímo souvisí s vaším tématem a vylepšují váš příběh.
• Použijte digitální nástroje: Nástroje jako Smodin's Research Assistant mohou urychlit váš výzkumný proces. Nástroje společnosti Smodin vám mohou pomoci rychle najít podrobné informace a zajistit, aby data, která používáte, byla aktuální a relevantní.
• Zdokumentujte své zdroje: Při provádění výzkumu si pečlivě veďte záznamy o tom, odkud vaše informace pocházejí. Tento postup vám pomůže vytvořit přesnou bibliografii. Může vám ušetřit čas, když se potřebujete vrátit k podrobnostem nebo ověřit fakta. Opět je to něco, co je pokryto díky Smodinovi Citační stroj.
• Vyhodnoťte svá zjištění: Kriticky vyhodnocujte informace, které shromažďujete. Ujistěte se, že poskytuje vyvážený pohled a pokrývá nezbytné aspekty vašeho tématu, aby poskytl komplexní přehled o vaší eseji.

Dodržováním těchto kroků můžete shromáždit bohatou zásobu informací, které poskytují silnou páteř pro vaši vysvětlující esej. Nyní můžete začít strukturovat svá zjištění do dobře uspořádaných odstavců těla.

3. Struktura odstavců těla

Jakmile shromáždíte relevantní důkazy důkladným výzkumem, je čas je uspořádat. Měli byste to dát do dobře strukturovaných odstavců těla, které sledují logický tok. Zde je návod, jak strukturovat každý odstavec těla pro silnou vysvětlující esej:

• Rozhodněte se, kolik odstavců použijete : Bude to záviset na složitosti vašeho tématu a potřebných detailech. Obvykle jsou vhodné tři až pět odstavců, ale delší eseje mohou vyžadovat více. Užitečný bude příklad vysvětlující eseje na vámi zvolené téma.
• Začněte tematickou větou : Každý hlavní odstavec by měl začínat jasnou tematickou větou, která představuje hlavní myšlenku odstavce. Tato věta bude sloužit jako plán pro odstavec a dá čtenáři představu o tom, co může očekávat.
• Poskytněte podpůrné důkazy : Po větě tématu sdělte důkazy ze svého výzkumu. Ujistěte se, že důkazy jsou relevantní a přímo podporují větu tématu odstavce.
• Uveďte podrobné vysvětlení : Následujte důkazy analýzou nebo vysvětlením, které je spojuje s prohlášením teze. Tento krok je zásadní pro udržení logického toku v odstavcích vašeho těla.
• Používejte spojovací slova : Hladce propojují hlavní odstavce a zajišťují, že čtenář může sledovat váš argument.
• Každý hlavní odstavec zakončete závěrečnou větou : Mělo by to shrnout pointu a přejít k další myšlence.

Dodržování této struktury pomůže vašim odstavcům těla podpořit vaši tezi. Tyto odstavce také nabídnou jasné a podrobné vysvětlení tématu vaší eseje. Silné body odstavce jsou nezbytné pro zachování objektivity ve vašem psaní.

4. Udržujte objektivitu

Vysvětlující esej si klade za cíl informovat a vzdělávat, proto je důležité zachovat objektivitu. Zůstat neutrální umožňuje čtenářům vytvořit si vlastní názory na základě faktů. To zajišťuje, že psaní je spolehlivé a informativní. Zde je návod, jak zachovat objektivitu:

• Vyhněte se osobním názorům: Vaším cílem je poskytnout komplexní porozumění tématu. Vyvarujte se vkládání svých osobních názorů nebo předsudků. Místo toho se držte uvádění faktických informací, které podporují tezi.
• Použijte relevantní důkazy: Jak již bylo zmíněno, podložte své argumenty relevantními důkazy z důvěryhodných zdrojů. Zálohujte své hlavní body daty a používejte výsledky výzkumu a ověřené detaily. Díky tomu bude vysvětlující článek důvěryhodný.
• Poskytněte vyvážený pohled: V případech s více úhly pohledu nabídněte vyvážený pohled. Zakryjte každou stranu spravedlivě. I když jeden názor v konsensu převládá, uznání ostatních dává čtenářům širší porozumění.
• Přijměte neutrální jazyk: Buďte opatrní při výběru slov a tónu. Neutrální jazyk zahrnuje slova, která nepodněcují ani neilustrují zaujatost. To pomáhá vyhnout se emocionálně nabitým frázím a udržuje psaní objektivní.
• Citujte přesně zdroje: Správná citace zdrojů poskytuje odpovědnost za předložené důkazy. Tato transparentnost buduje důvěryhodnost a ukazuje, že jste průzkum provedli důkladně. Je také třeba poznamenat, že různé intuice mají různé styly citací, jako je APA a Chicago, což je důležité si uvědomit, než začnete esej.
• Kontrola zkreslení: Po napsání eseje si ji prohlédněte s ohledem na zaujatosti. Ujistěte se, že se žádná část příliš neopírá o jeden úhel pohledu. A nezavrhujte protichůdný pohled bez důvodu.

Zachování objektivity zvyšuje srozumitelnost a spolehlivost vysvětlujícího textu. Pojďme se nyní zaměřit na vytvoření úvodu a závěru, které efektivně zakončí vaši práci.

5. Vytvořte efektivní úvod a závěr

Dobrý úvod a silný závěr tvoří rámec vaší vysvětlující eseje. Na začátku dávají kontext a na konci posilují hlavní body. Zde je návod, jak vytvořit efektivní úvod a závěr.

• Zahákněte si čtenáře v úvodu : Použijte zajímavý fakt, přesvědčivý citát nebo překvapivou statistiku.
• Poskytněte základní informace : Buďte struční a nabídněte pouze základní kontext, který čtenář potřebuje k plnému pochopení tématu. To by mělo poskytnout publiku základní porozumění, než se ponoříte hlouběji do vašich hlavních bodů.
• Zahrňte prohlášení teze : Jasně uveďte svou tezi na konci úvodu. Toto prohlášení nastíní směr eseje a poskytne čtenářům náhled hlavních odstavců.
• Shrňte klíčové body : Začněte svůj vysvětlující závěr eseje shrnutím. Měl by pokrývat hlavní body z odstavců těla. Toto shrnutí by mělo čtenářům pomoci vzpomenout si a posílit informace, které si právě přečetli.
• Zopakujte tezi : Zopakujte svou tezi znovu, ale novým způsobem. Vysvětlete, jak to důkazy z odstavců těla podpořily nebo objasnily.
• Uveďte závěr : Ukončete esej prohlášením, které uzavírá argument. Toto tvrzení by mělo čtenáře rezonovat. Měl by v nich zanechat dojem, který zdůrazňuje důležitost tématu.

Efektivní úvod a závěr dodávají eseji strukturu a soudržnost. Vedou čtenáře od začátku do konce. Dalším krokem je revize a úprava celé vaší eseje pro jasnost a přesnost.

6. Revidujte a zkontrolujte jasnost

Při psaní jsou klíčové revize a úpravy. Zajistí, aby byl váš esej jasný, spojený a vyleštěný. Zde je návod, jak vylepšit své psaní pomocí kontrolního seznamu vysvětlujících esejů a osvědčených technik akademického psaní:

• Dát si pauzu: Než se ponoříte do revizí, odstupte od své eseje na několik hodin nebo dokonce na den. Tato přestávka vám pomůže vrátit se s novýma očima, takže snáze odhalíte chyby nebo nesrovnalosti.
• Postupujte podle kontrolního seznamu eseje: Vytvořte nebo použijte kontrolní seznam, abyste zajistili, že vaše esej obsahuje všechny potřebné části. Potřebuje silné intro s jasnou tezí, dobře strukturovanými body těla, dobrými zdroji a krátkým závěrem. Zkontrolujte, zda vaše argumenty sledují logický tok a zda jsou všechny relevantní důkazy přímo spojeny s vaším tvrzením o tezi.
• Zkontrolujte srozumitelnost a stručnost: Akademické psaní potřebuje jasnost. Ujistěte se tedy, že každý odstavec a věta vyjadřuje váš názor. Nepoužívejte zbytečný žargon nebo příliš složitý jazyk. Udržujte věty stručné a zároveň dodržujte podrobné vysvětlení svých hlavních bodů.
• Ověřte fakta a citace: Ujistěte se, že všechna fakta, údaje a citace v eseji jsou přesné. Zkontrolujte také, zda jsou citovány v požadovaném akademickém stylu (např. MLA, APA). Nesprávné citace mohou podkopat důvěryhodnost vašeho psaní.
• Zkontrolujte gramatiku a styl: Hledejte běžné gramatické chyby, interpunkční chyby a trapné frázování. Čtení eseje nahlas může pomoci zachytit podivné větné struktury nebo matoucí formulace.
• Vyžádejte si zpětnou vazbu: Podělte se o svůj esej s kolegy nebo použijte online nástroje k získání konstruktivní kritiky. Druhý pohled může upozornit na problémy, které jste možná přehlédli.

Tyto kroky úprav vám pomohou vytvořit vyleštěnou esej, která jasně vysvětlí vaše hlavní body a obstojí při akademickém zkoumání.

Formát vysvětlující eseje

Porozumění formátu vysvětlující eseje je klíčem k dobře strukturované a logické práci. Zde je základní rozdělení formátu pro vysvětlující esej:

Úvodní odstavec

• Začněte zajímavou větou, která upoutá čtenářovu pozornost.
• Uveďte krátký úvod. Měl by stanovit téma a nastínit účel eseje.
• Předložte jasné vyjádření k práci shrnující hlavní myšlenku celé eseje.

Body odstavce

• Uspořádejte odstavce těla podle logických podtémat souvisejících s tématem eseje.
• Začněte každý hlavní odstavec větou tématu, která odpovídá tezi.
• Ukažte důkazy z dobrých zdrojů. Uveďte také klíčové podrobnosti pro každý hlavní bod.
• Zahrňte robustní závěrečné prohlášení do každého odstavce, které uvede váš názor a odkazuje na myšlenky v dalším odstavci/sekci.

Proč investovat do čističky vzduchu?

• Shrňte klíčové body.
• Poskytněte závěrečné prohlášení, které posílí hlavní myšlenku, aniž by zavádělo nové informace.
• Vytvořte závěrečné prohlášení, které zanechá vašeho učitele nebo profesora trvalý dojem.

Dodržování této osnovy eseje zajistí, že váš papír bude mít jasný tok. Díky tomu mohou čtenáři snadno pochopit a sledovat váš argument.

Jak může Smodin pomoci s vysvětlujícími esejemi

Platformy s umělou inteligencí, jako je Smodin, zjednodušují a vylepšují proces psaní vysvětlujících esejů.

Nástroje společnosti Smodin pomáhají vytvářet jasné a dobře strukturované eseje, které splňují jakékoli vaše akademické standardy.

S pokročilými možnostmi výzkumu Smodin můžete rychle shromáždit podrobné a relevantní informace. To vám ušetří čas a zlepší vaši práci.

• Kontrola plagiátů : Zajistěte, aby si vaše esej zachovala originalitu pomocí nástroje Smodin na odhalování plagiátů. Tato funkce pomáhá udržovat akademickou integritu tím, že porovnává vaši práci s rozsáhlými databázemi.
• Automatická citace : Citujte své zdroje přesně bez problémů. Smodinův nástroj pro automatické citace zajišťuje, že vaše reference jsou ve správném formátu a splňují pravidla vaší akademické instituce.
• Zkracovač textu : Pokud je vaše vysvětlující esej příliš dlouhá, použijte Smodinův zkracovač eseje. Pomůže vám snížit obsah bez ztráty klíčových detailů. To pomáhá udržet váš esej jasný a relevantní.
• Přepisovač textu : Pomáhá parafrázovat stávající obsah a zajišťuje jedinečnost a novou perspektivu.
• Sumarizer : Summarizer scvrkává dlouhé články do krátkých shrnutí. Jsou ideální pro vytvoření efektivního obrysu nebo závěru.

Závěrečné myšlenky

Vysvětlující eseje mohou být ohromující. Předložit pádný argument, udržet zájem svého profesora nebo učitele a zapamatovat si konvence, jako jsou citace, může být skutečným bolehlavem.

Ale silná teze a důkladný výzkum je usnadňují. Dobře strukturované body těla také pomáhají poskytovat jasnou, srozumitelnou esej, která zachovává objektivitu. Jen nezapomeňte revidovat a zkontrolovat přesnost!

Při psaní také používejte nástroje jako Smodin. Zajišťují, že vaše vysvětlující esej je logická a poutavá a že získáte co nejvíce známek.