sbts research paper template

Join the Giants

What if those old papers could provide us with help and direction for subsequent assignments? Learning from submitted papers is a good way to improve our skills as students. Whether at the undergraduate, graduate, or doctoral level, consider these five ways that you can learn from your own past papers.

A few weeks ago, students heard from a few of our professors on how they cultivate writing in their lives and academic careers. A panel of four SBTS and Boyce College professors shared their unique habits and how they fit writing into their life, each method which may be emulated.

We’ve all been there. The paper is due tomorrow. It’s midnight. You thought about starting it last week, but after five minutes of staring intently at the blinking curser, you allowed yourself to reach for your phone. Someone came into your room, and then the paper was forgotten altogether. Now the deadline is approaching quickly, how do you break the ice and get started writing? Here are seven tips to help get started.

When the end of the semester hits, managing your scarce time to tackle papers, finals, and assignments becomes a herculean feat. Explore this post here to learn of seven helpful ways to write your academic papers more efficiently.

Is doing research a “source” of frustration for you, not knowing where to begin? In the Writing Center (WC), we sometimes encounter students who desire assistance with locating sources for their research. If you are writing a research paper or book review and want help with locating relevant sources, here’s a survey of sources and resources available to you.

Want to be a more pithy and profound writer? J.C. Ryle used what he calls a crucified-style in his sermons and in his writing. Write like the punchy J.C. Ryle.

Today’s writers. Tomorrow’s pastors.

The Writing Center exists to help you be a better writer— for God’s glory. If you are a Southern student, Boyce College student, or Doctoral student we want you to think theologically, write with clarity, and argue persuasively in your coursework.

WRITING Assistance

Think theologically..

Here your skill in every stage of the writing process can be improved to make a powerful impact for the kingdom. Desire to not write well for the sake of writing but for the sake of the glory of God. The apologist, systematic theologian, biblical exegete, church historian, pastor, women’s ministry leader, evangelist, and missionary needs to think theologically. Writers do too.

The goal of the Writing Center is to help students increase their skill and confidence in generating ideas, writing drafts, and editing errors in order to help students make much of the triune God.

Write with clarity.

Here your ability as a writer can be sharpened through learning to develop a thesis statement precisely, define theological terminology clearly, reflect upon biblical and historical sources wisely, and format your paper accurately.

Two avenues of help are provided to you through the Writing Center; firstly, writing mentors are available to you who will walk with you through writing and revision processes in order to improve your writing skills; secondly, an online conglomerate of resources ranging from example guides for footnotes to research paper templates is available to you.

Argue persuasively.

Here write not only to inform or to exposit, write to persuade. Good writing presents a fair and balanced argument. To help sharpen your writing skills, the Writing Center provides workshops during the semester to students.

Attending a Writing Center workshop can help you plan and draft a book review, learn how to use the Southern Seminary Manual of Style, and strengthen your research paper, paragraph, or sentence organization. Participate in activities that sharpen your writing and grammar mechanics.

Southern seminary manual of style 4 0 4

Copyright © 2019 Office of Doctoral Studies The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary All rights reserved

TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE ........................................................................................................................... v WHY YOU NEED THIS STYLE GUIDE ....................................................................... vi QUICK GUIDE: OVERVIEW OF STYLE REQUIREMENTS FOR PAPERS .............. xi Chapter Here’s What You’ll Find in Chapter 1 ........................................................................2 1. GENERAL STYLE GUIDELINES ......................................................................3 1.1 Software .......................................................................................................3 1.2 Font ..............................................................................................................4 1.3 Line Spacing ................................................................................................4 1.4 Margins ........................................................................................................6 1.5 Page Numbers ............................................................................................. 6 1.6 Tab Settings ................................................................................................. 6 1.7 Honor Code ................................................................................................. 7 Here’s What You’ll Find in Chapter 2 ...................................................................... 8 2. RESEARCH PAPER STYLE GUIDELINES........................................................9 2.1 Page Numbers ..............................................................................................9 2.2 Title Page .................................................................................................... 9 2.3 Table of Contents (optional) ..................................................................... 13 2.4 Lists of Tables, Figures, or Examples (optional) ...................................... 13 2.5 First Page of Text ........................................................................................13 2.6 Subsequent Pages of Text ..........................................................................14 2.7 Subheadings ...............................................................................................15

Page 2.8 Indentations ................................................................................................19 2.9 Footnotes ....................................................................................................20 2.10 Lists ..........................................................................................................21 2.11 Bibliography............................................................................................. 22 2.12 Example of a Research Paper ................................................................... 23

Here’s What You’ll Find in Chapter 3 .................................................................... 30 3. BOOK REVIEW STYLE GUIDELINES ...........................................................31 3.1 Title Page ...................................................................................................31 3.2 First Page of Text ...................................................................................... 31 3.3 Page References ........................................................................................ 31 3.4 Divisions of a Book Review ..................................................................... 32 Here’s What You’ll Find in Chapter 4 .................................................................... 40 4. MISCELLANEOUS FORMATTING GUIDELINES ........................................ 41 4.1 Ellipses .......................................................................................................41 4.2 Dashes ........................................................................................................42 4.3 Parenthesis and Brackets ............................................................................42 4.4 Punctuation and Quotation Marks ..............................................................43 4.5 Commas in a Series ....................................................................................43 4.6 Numbers .....................................................................................................43 4.7 Numerical Sequences .................................................................................45 4.8 Spelling and Capitalization ........................................................................46 4.9 Abbreviations .............................................................................................46 4.10 Capitalization ...........................................................................................51 4.11 Transliteration ..........................................................................................53 4.12 Tables and Figures ...................................................................................55 Here’s What You’ll Find in Chapter 5 .....................................................................58 v

5. FOOTNOTE AND BIBLIOGRAPHIC FORMS ................................................59 Chapter

Page 5.1 Shortened Footnotes ...................................................................................57 5.2 Author’s Name ...........................................................................................61 5.3 Commentary in a Set or Series ...................................................................61 5.4 Abbreviating Books of the Bible in Footnotes ...........................................63 5.5 SBTS Citation Quick Guide .......................................................................64

Here’s What You’ll Find in Chapter 6 .....................................................................74 6. STYLE GUIDELINES FOR DOCTORAL PROSPECTUSES, THESES, DISSERTATIONS, AND PROJECTS ...............................................75 6.1 Prospectus ..................................................................................................75 6.2 Order of Pages ............................................................................................77 6.3 Copyright Page ...........................................................................................77 6.4 Title Page ...................................................................................................78 6.5 Approval Sheet ...........................................................................................78 6.6 Dedication Page .........................................................................................79 6.7 Table of Contents .......................................................................................79 6.8 Lists in Preliminary Pages ..........................................................................80 6.9 Preface ........................................................................................................81 6.10 Body of the Text ......................................................................................81 6.11 Footnotes ..................................................................................................82 6.12 Appendices ...............................................................................................82 6.13 Bibliography .............................................................................................83 6.14 Abstract ....................................................................................................83 6.15 Vita ...........................................................................................................83 6.16 Use of Color .............................................................................................84 6.17 Line Spacing ............................................................................................84 vi

6.18 Sample Pages (will be added soon) ........................................................ tbd Appendix

1. Book Review Quick Guide ...................................................................................87 INDEX ............................................................................................................................. 89

PREFACE As with the previous editions, this fifth edition of The Southern Seminary Manual of Style supplements A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations (9th ed.) by Kate L. Turabian (henceforth referred to as “Turabian�). This manual frequently directs students to the relevant sections in Turabian, providing only what is necessary for clarification or SBTS specific requirements. Students are encouraged to acquire a copy of Turabian. Students are also encouraged to consult The SBL Handbook of Style (2nd ed.) and The Chicago Manual of Style (17th ed.). The SBTS library has copies of both available in electronic and hard copy formats.

Jonathan T. Pennington Director of Research Doctoral Studies Louisville, Kentucky January 2019

WHY YOU NEED THIS STYLE GUIDE Welcome to The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary Manual of Style! Every paper you submit at Boyce College and Southern Seminary needs to look like a Southern Seminary paper, or, as we say around here, it needs to conform to “SBTS style.” Just as every publisher requires authors to submit their work in the format that publisher prefers, we too have a certain format all students are required to use. Most everything you need to know about formatting your papers you’ll find in this style guide, but sometimes this manual will refer you to Kate Turabian’s A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations (9th ed.). SBTS also provides templates you can use for writing research papers, book reviews, theses, and doctoral dissertations. These templates will automatically conform to many of the style guidelines in this manual, making it easier for you to focus on the content of your writing. (If you’re using a print version of this manual instead of an electronic version with hyperlinks, you’ll find the templates here: https://sbtswriting.squarespace.com/resources/.) The Writing Center even has a template tutorial video that instructs you on how to best utilize the templates. Why do we need both this style manual and Turabian? Turabian gives general guidelines on many formatting issues, but it doesn’t give specifics. For example, Turabian says to “indent new paragraphs” but does not tell us how much to indent. Additionally, Turabian tells you what to do but not how to do it. If you have a paper due tomorrow and don’t have time to familiarize yourself with this whole style guide tonight, read the Research Paper Quick Guide, which you’ll find at the beginning of chapter 1 and the annotated research paper at the end of chapter 2. The Quick Guide shows you a paper in SBTS style and points out some of the most important formatting features. To make this edition of the style guide more reader-friendly, we’re doing four things you aren’t allowed to do in papers: (1) we’re using contractions; (2) we’re using the word you; ix

(3) we’ve included some boxes to highlight information, and (4) we’ve used color, so if you’re using the online version or printed a hard copy in full color, you’ll see important notes in color. In most other ways, this style guide models SBTS formatting. This manual itself is full-text searchable to help you locate relevant sections, and hyperlinks are used throughout so you’ll easily locate online resources or information. You’ll also find an index in the back. If you have suggestions for making this style guide more helpful, or if you find a typo, broken link, etc., please email the Writing Center at [email protected].

Here’s What You’ll Find in Chapter 1

Microsoft Word interfaces well with our templates. Get Word free with your SBTS email (section 1.1). Mac users may also consider Mellel, a word processor excellent for handling right to left text.

Title font • all caps • not bolded • 12 point • Times New Roman font • multi-line titles (section 1.3) Honor code affirmation [email protected]

On my honor, I have neither given nor taken improper assistance in completing this assignment.

Body of text font • 12 point • Times New Roman font • double-spaced (or exactly 24 point leading) (section 1.3) • no extra space between paragraphs • Greek and Hebrew fonts (section 1.2) • no bolding • foreign words italicized (1.2) • new paragraph indent 0.7” (section 1.6)

Footnotes • single-space each footnote (section 1.3) • double-space between footnotes (1.3) • 10 or 12 point font (section 1.2) Page numbers (section 1.5) • bottom center, start on first page of the body Margins (section 1.4) • For papers 1” all around, except on title page, the first page of paper, and the bibliography. Use 2” for the top margins on these three pages. • theses and dissertations margins (1.4)

CHAPTER 1 GENERAL STYLE GUIDELINES

If you want a quick overview of SBTS style guidelines, see the Research Paper Quick Guide on pages x-xi. 1.1 Software Microsoft Word is easiest for PC users for writing research papers and dissertations that conform to the Southern Seminary style guidelines. Microsoft Word is available free to Boyce and SBTS students: Microsoft Word. To receive the free version, you’ll need to use your SBTS student email address when you sign up. Some students prefer the use of other word processors. For example, some Mac users prefer the proprietary word processor Mellel. Some PC and Linux users prefer the open source office suite, LibreOffice. Not all word processors provide the functionality necessary to comply with all the Southern Seminary style guidelines. Make sure you select a word processor that enables you to write in conformity to the Southern Seminary style guidelines. 1.2 Font Students must use Times New Roman for their writing projects at Southern Seminary. If you are writing in using Hebrew or Greek text, use Times New Roman for the English portions of your writing and SBL BibLit for the Hebrew and Greek text. If your subject matter requires the use of additional fonts, request permission from your professor (for papers and reviews) or the Office of Doctoral Studies (for theses, dissertations, and ministry research projects). 3

Typing in Hebrew and Greek requires that you install the relevant keyboards (see instructions for Microsoft or Mac OS X). Two Hebrew keyboards are available at the SBL website (we recommend the SIL keyboard). Both Windows and Mac computers have a Greek Polytonic keyboard we recommend. Students using the Windows operating system may prefer to use the Logos keyboards. The font size for the body of the paper must be 12 point. The font size for footnotes must be either 10 point or 12 Doctoral Students:

point font. Use bold text for subheadings.

For chapter headings, use non-bold text in all capital letters. If your paper includes an appendix, use all capital letters for the appendix number line as well as the appendix title. Examples available at the end of chapter 6.

Use italics for emphasis, foreign words, and titles of bound, published works, such as books and journals (but not journal article titles). Do not use underlining as a substitute for italics.

The color of any document, including text, graphics, and appendixes, should be black on white. 1.3 Line Spacing Instead of selecting “double-space” or “single-space,” use the more precise line-spacing option of “Exactly 24 point” or “Exactly 12 point.” “Exactly 24 point” spacing is preferable to standard “double-spacing.”

Doctoral Students:

“Exactly 12 point” spacing is preferable to

You must use “exactly 24 point” in the body of all doctoral papers, theses, dissertations, and projects; standard double-spacing is not allowed for doctoral students.

“single-spacing.” Throughout the style guide, the terms “double-“ and “singlespace” are used for brevity but mean “exactly 24” and “12 point” spacing. 4

Use single-spacing for the contents of each footnote (but include an empty single-spaced line between each note); also use single-spacing for each block quotation. Subheadings of multiple lines should be single-spaced. WARNING! A common mistake is to add an extra space between paragraphs as seen in the example below. Here’s the fix: Go to “line spacing option,” “spacing” and change the “before” and “after” spacing to “0.”

What to Single/Double Space Here’s what should be single-spaced Title of the paper on page 1 Block quotations Footnotes (Each footnote is single-spaced.) Bibliography entries (Each bibliography entry is singlespaced.) Subheadings of multiple lines Table titles and figure titles that are multiple lines Multi-line chapter or appendix titles

Here’s what should be double-spaced Title on the title page Text of the paper Double-space between one footnote and the next. Double-space between one bibliography entry and the next.

Title on both the title page and the approval sheet of doctoral dissertations, theses, and projects

1.4 Margins For all papers other than theses, dissertations, and projects, use 1-inch left and right margins for all pages. Use left justification only; do not use full justification (i.e., do not have a straight edge on the right margin). For the first page of text, the first page of the bibliography, and the first page of any special

Doctoral Students: For theses, projects, and dissertations, use 1.25-inch left and right margins for all pages.

section such as an appendix, use a 2-inch margin from the top of the page to the top of the first line of type. For the second and subsequent pages of a paper or bibliography, use a one-inch top margin from the top of the page to the top of the first line of type, whether that first line is text or a subheading. The bottom margin may vary slightly to accommodate footnotes, no more than 1.5 inches and no less than 0.75 inch. Set your word processor to “below text� footnote placement. If footnotes sit high on the last page of a paper or chapter, put the cursor after the end of the last line of text and hit the enter key until the footnote separator line and any footnotes move to the bottom of the page. 1.5 Page Numbers All papers, theses, dissertations, and projects must have page numbers. Place all page numbers

bottom center.

Use lower case Roman numerals (i, v, x) for the front matter, which is typically included in only doctoral projects, theses, and dissertations.

Use Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3) for both the main body of the work and sections following the main body (e.g., the bibliography). 1.6 Indentions

The first line of every paragraph and every footnote must be indented 0.7 inch. Need an example? Every new paragraph in this style guide is indented 0.7 inch. Indent 6

the left margin of each block quotation 0.35 inch. Also use 0.35 inch for the second and subsequent lines of each bibliography entry (i.e., set “hanging indent” to 0.35 inch). See the sample bibliography page after chapter 2 and the numerous examples provided after chapter 5. 1.7 The Honor Code Every paper written at Boyce College and at SBTS needs to give credit to sources used. In other words, anyone who borrows another person’s ideas or words and fails to acknowledge that person is plagiarizing. Because plagiarism is such a serious academic offense that destroys people’s credibility, any student found plagiarizing faces significant repercussions. Any paper other than a thesis, dissertation, or doctoral project must include the following pledge at the end of the paper: “I have written this paper exclusively for _____[fill in course number]. If I received any editing or proofreading advice, I have made all such corrections myself. I have also documented each paraphrase, direct quotation, and borrowed idea in compliance with the Turabian and SBTS style manuals.” Copy and paste this pledge at the end of the paper. Alternatively, some professors prefer you make yourself familiar with the honor code and simply type “I affirm the honor code” on the bottom of the title page or on the final page of the paper. Ask your professors for their preference.

Block quotations, subheadings, and footnotes • Indent block quotations 0.35 inch, use 12 point font and single-space (2.8) • Center and bold first-level subheading. Leftjustify and bold second-level subheading. Third-level subheading may be used but do so rarely. (2.7.3) • Single-space each footnote and double-space between; use 10 or 12 point font. (2.9) Here’s What You’ll Find

in Chapter 2

A standard SBTS research paper will contain these three sections: (1) title page, (2) body of the paper, and (3) bibliography. Title (2.2.1) • All CAPS • 2 inches from top of the page • Do not use more than four lines. Type of Work (2.2.2) • Identify the type of work your professor assigns (e.g., Book Review, Research Paper, Exegetical Paper, etc.). • Fill in your professor’s name and your institution on separate lines.

Bibliography example (2.11)

Course identification and attribution of authorship (2.2.3, 2.2.4) • course number • name • student email • date submitted • "I affirm the honor code"

Block quotes, subheadings, and footnotes • Indent block quotations 0.35 inch, use 12 point font and single-space (2.8) • Center and bold first-level subheading. Leftjustify and bold second-level subheading. Third-level subheading may be used but do so rarely. (2.7.3) • Single-space each footnote and double-space between; use 10 or 12 point font. (2.9)

CHAPTER 2 RESEARCH PAPER STYLE GUIDELINES Most research papers will include a title page, the body of the paper, and a bibliography. This chapter provides instructions for each of these sections. More complex doctoral research papers may include, at the professor’s discretion, (1) title page; (2) table of contents; (3) list of tables, examples, or figures; (4) body of the paper; (5) bibliography; and (6) end matter (e.g., appendices). 2.1 Page Numbers Page numbering begins at “1” on the first page of the paper proper and continues through the entire paper. The title page should not include a page number and neither should any pages preceding the first actual page of the paper’s text. 2.2 Title Page Each line of the title page is centered between the left and right margin. Four items of information appear on the title page: title, type of work, course identification, and author information. An example title page is shown on the page following section 2.2.4. 2.2.1 Title The title of the paper appears in all CAPS. When a title is one line, the top of the title line must be 2 inches from the top of the page. (You’ll find an example of a oneline title on the “Here’s What You’ll Find in Chapter 2” page.) If the title requires two or three lines, the last line should appear 2 inches from the top of the page as illustrated on the sample title page at the end of section 2.2.4.

On the title page, your title’s position will change depending on how long (how many lines) your title is. Here’s a quick reference:

For multi-line titles, arrange the lines in inverted pyramid form (i.e., each subsequent line is shorter than the one above it) and double-space between them. If the title contains both a main title and a subtitle, then the main title may appear on a

Doctoral Students: If your title has four lines, then place the third line 2 inches from the top of the page. If more than four lines are needed, revise your title.

separate line and be followed by a colon even if this means not using the inverted pyramid form. If a subtitle requires two lines, it must be in inverted pyramid form. The number of lines of a title changes the placement of the title, but so does the length of any individual line. Any line of a title more than 4 inches long may be divided. If a line in the title exceeds 5 inches, the line must be broken. No line in the title should be more than 5 inches long. The sections of the title page are divided by 1.5-inch solid separator lines, 18 strokes on the underline key, centered on the page. A separator line should appear between the title and the following item of information.

2.2.2 Type of Work The title page should include these three double-spaced lines:

A [type of work] Presented to [Professor’s Name] The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary or Boyce College

Types of works include “Book Review,” “Research Paper,” “Position Paper,” “Spiritual Autobiography,” etc. A separator line should appear between this and the following item of information. See the example following section 2.2.4 and on the “Here’s What You’ll Find in Chapter 2” page at the beginning of this chapter. 2.2.3 Course Identification Third, the title page should include in two double-spaced lines “In Partial Fulfillment / of the Requirements for (course number).” A separator line should appear between this and the following item of information. 2.2.4 Author Information Fourth, the title page should include your name. Begin with the word “by” in lower case. Below that, print your full name (middle initial is acceptable) at the bottom. Below your name, include your student email address. Below the email address, include the date on which the paper is submitted (for example, May 3, 2021). Double-space these lines. 2.2.5 Example Title Page You’ll find an example title page on the following page.

No line of a title should exceed 5” in length.

EFFECTIVELY EXPOSITING THE WORD OF GOD THROUGH BIBLICAL WORSHIP

In a 2-line title, the second line sits 2” from the top of the page.

_________________

A Research Paper Presented to Dr. Jack Green The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary

Type of work. If this were a book review, for example, this line would say “A Book Review.” If you are a Boyce student, replace SBTS with Boyce College on this line.

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for 40200

by Jane R. Smith [email protected] March 22, 2022

*I affirm the honor code.

NO page number should appear on the title page. The next page (i.e., the 12 first page of text will be page 1.

If you are in a Boyce course, the course number will be a combination of two letters and three numbers. If more than one section of the course is taught, a final letter will indicate the section. Make sure to include that also. Example, EN102B Notice the “by” is lowercase, not “By” Use your SBTS email.

2.3 Table of Contents A table of contents is optional for a research paper. In fact, typically only doctoral projects, theses, and dissertations use table of contents. The table will list only your subheadings and the bibliography. If you include a table of contents, see the instructions in “6.7 Table of Contents.” 2.4 Lists of Tables, Examples, or Figures If you have several tables, examples, or figures in your paper, then you may need to place a list prior to the main body of the paper whether or not you have a table of contents. Typically, however, a list of tables, examples, or figures is only necessary in doctoral projects, theses, or dissertations. If you reference a table in the text, unless “Table” is the first word of a sentence, don’t capitalize it. For example, “See table 7” rather than “See Table 7.” The same is true for figures. 2.5 First Page of Text The exact placement of the title on the title page is different from its placement on the first page of text (i.e., page 1, the first actual page of the paper). On the title page, the line placed two inches from the top of the page differs depending on how many lines the title has. On the first page of text, however, use a two-inch margin from the top of the page to the top of the first line of the title. (Do this regardless of the number of lines in the title.) See the following chart for a visual example.

Notice that the title is single-spaced on the first page of text (whereas the title is double-spaced on the title page).

The title should be printed in all CAPS with no other special formatting (i.e., no bold, no italics, no underlining) and should match the title on the title page in wording and line breaks. Another difference between the title on the title page and the title on the first page of the paper is that on the title page, a multi-line title is double-spaced, whereas on the first page of text, a multi-line title is single-spaced. Leave two empty single-spaced lines between the title and the first line of text. Note: You cannot create two blank lines by double spacing. If you press the enter key once in double-spacing, you’ll get one blank line, which is incorrect. If you press the enter key twice in double-spacing, you’ll get three blank lines, which is also incorrect. If you need help getting the two blank lines, see the directions at the end of section 2.7 in this style guide. 2.6 Subsequent Pages of Text For the second and subsequent pages of text, use a 1-inch margin from the top of the page to the top of the type, whether the first line is text or a subheading.

2.7 Subheadings Think of subheadings as parallel to the parts of an outline. The first-level (centered, bolded; capitalized headline style [see Turabian 22.3.1.1]) subheadings represent the Roman numerals in an outline: I, II, III, etc. For most non-doctoral papers, first-level subheadings to set off the main parts of the paper are all you need. If your paper is long enough and you need to subdivide the main sections, do so with secondlevel (left margin, bold) subheadings, the equivalent of A, B, C, etc. in an outline. Most undergraduate and master’s level papers rarely require third-level subheadings. Here’s another way to think of subheadings: subheadings highlight for your reader how you’ve organized your thoughts. For example, a paper analyzing five views of sanctification might include subheadings with the various views: Reformed View, Lutheran View, Wesleyan View, etc. Those headings are called “first-level subheadings.” First-level subheadings are the paper’s major sections. If you wanted to break any of those sections into smaller sections, you would use second-level subheadings. If you do so, make sure you have at least two or more second-level subheadings (you cannot have only one in a given section). For most research papers, one level of subheading will suffice. Multiple levels of subheadings should be rare in research papers. Seldom do research papers need to use more than two levels of subheadings. Use bold print for each subhead. Leave two empty single-spaced lines between a subheading and the text above it, regardless of whether you are creating a first-, second, or third-level subheading. Here’s how to create that extra space between the subheading and the text:

Common conundrum: How do I get that weird extra space before every subheading? It’s the same space used . . . • between a paper’s title and the first line of the paper and •

between BIBLIOGRAPHY 15 and the first bibliography entry

Leave one empty single-spaced line between a centered (first-level subheading) or side subheading (second-level subheading) and subsequent text. However, third-level subheadings are not free-standing. They should be bolded and followed by a period. The text begins on the same line as the subheading. See the example of 2.7.3, which is formatted as a third-level subheading. If two levels of subheading appear with no text between them, leave one empty single-spaced line between them. (Warning: Some professors object to two levels of subheading without text between them.)

When a subhead starts a page, place it immediately below the 1-inch top margin, with no extra space between the top margin and the subhead. When you have a subheading “orphaned” at the bottom of a page with no paragraph text beneath it (not including footnote material), insert a page break to begin the next page with the subheading immediately below the 1-inch top margin. PLEASE NOTICE: The following three subheadings (2.7.1, 2.7.2, and 2.7.3) describe each level of subheading and model each level of subheading. In other words, if this was a paper, 2.7.1, 2.7.2, and 2.7.3 would all be 2nd-level subheadings justified left as 2.7.2 is below because they are subpoints of section 2.7, which is a 1st-level subheading.

2.7.1 First-Level Subheading The subhead immediately above is an example of a “first-level subheading.” A first-level subhead should be centered and capitalized headline style (i.e., capitalize the first word and all other words except for articles, prepositions, conjunctions with forms of “to be”; see Turabian 22.3.1.1). If the subhead is more than 4 inches long, divide it into two or more single-spaced lines arranged in an inverted pyramid. Note: The headings for 2.7.1, 2.7.2, and 2.7.3 have all been formatted according to the type of subheading they represent (i.e., 2.7.3 is a third-level subheading). See also the sample research paper after chapter 2 for first-level and second-level subheadings in context. 2.7.2 Second-Level Subheading The subhead immediately above is an example of a “second-level subheading.” Second-level subheadings are sub-points of first-level subheadings. A second-level subhead appears at the left margin, without punctuation, and capitalized headline style (i.e., capitalize the first word and all other words except for articles, prepositions, conjunctions with forms of “to be”; see Turabian 22.3.1.1). If the subheading is more

than 3 inches long, it should be divided into two single-spaced lines approximately equal in length, each starting at the left margin. Note: if you include second-level subheadings in a given section, there must be at least two or more. 2.7.3 Third-level subheading. The subhead immediately preceding is an example of a “third-level subheading.” Third-level subheadings are sub-points of secondlevel subheadings. A third-level subhead is capitalized sentence style (i.e., capitalize the first word and all other words except for articles, prepositions, conjunctions with forms of “to be”; see Turabian 22.3.1.1). A third-level subheading should be indented 0.7-inch and followed by a period. Normal spacing follows the period, and the text begins immediately. Note: if you include third-level subheadings in a given sub-section, there must be at least two or more. 2.8 Indentations The only indentations used in SBTS formatting is 0.7 inch and 0.35 inch. **Never use the “tab” key to create an indentation; it won’t work!** Indent the first line of each new paragraph and the first line of each footnote 0.7 inch. Indent the left margin of block quotations and the second (and subsequent) lines of bibliography entries 0.35 inch. For bibliography entries, this is called a “hanging indent.” Block Quote Example!

2.8.1 Block Quotations

The text immediately below explains—and is an example of—how to format a block quotation: Indent the left margin of block quotations 0.35 inch. (Indent only the left margin for a block quotation, and continue to use 12 point font even though in some books you see block quotations centered and in a smaller font. Do not italicize block quotations unless the original is italicized.) Indent the first line of a block quotation 0.7 inch only if the portion of the text you are quoting is indented in the original (see Turabian 25.2.2). If the first line of the quotation is not indented in the original, the first line of the block should begin 0.35 inch from the left margin. If a new paragraph begins later in the block quotation, indent the new paragraph .35”. There should be an empty space immediately above and immediately below a block quotation. The spacing of a block quote should be set to 19

“Exactly 12 pt.” Any text greater than four lines should be formatted as a block quotation. WARNINGS ABOUT BLOCK QUOTATIONS! • Many readers skip over block quotations, so use them sparingly. Don’t expect the block quotation to carry your argument for you. The essence of your argument should be clear without the block quotation. Also, avoid block quotations in footnotes. •

Block quotations do not use opening and closing quotation marks; the block formatting shows readers it’s a quotation. 2.9 Footnotes In the body of your text, use superscript numbers without punctuation to

indicate footnotes. Place footnotes at the end of the material for which you need to cite the source. For quoted material, place the footnote number at the conclusion of the quotation following the closing quotation mark. For non-quoted material, place the footnote number after the period at the end of the sentence. If logically possible, avoid putting footnote numbers anywhere other than the end of a sentence. Rarely should a footnote number appear within a sentence. A footnote must begin at the bottom of the page on which the corresponding footnote number appears in the text. A footnote separator line (1.5 or 2 inches; be consistent throughout your document) should appear between the text and the footnote. The first line of each footnote should be indented 0.7 inch. Footnotes should be appear in either 10-pt or 12-pt font (10-pt is preferred, but be consistent throughout your paper!).

Big change from our previous edition of the style manual.

Turabian says to include a space between the footnote number and the first word of the footnote as seen in footnote 1 on this page.

Footnote 1 below shows the (new, correct) space; footnote 2 shows the (old, no longer correct) “no space” form.1 Footnotes should be single-spaced, and there should be an empty single-spaced line between each note. See examples in the research paper example at the end of this chapter. Long footnotes may be continued on to the next page. The beginning of the continued footnote on the next page should not be indented. The length of the footnote separator line must remain 1.5 to 2 inches (be consistent throughout the document). Some software puts a full-page separator line over footnotes. You must override this. Set your footnotes to the “below text” setting. If the last page of a paper or a chapter is not a full page of text so that the footnotes sit high on the last page, put the cursor after the end of the last line of text and hit the enter key until the footnote separator line and any footnotes move to the bottom of the page. Chapter 5 further addresses issues concerning footnotes. For examples of footnotes and shortened forms of footnotes, see the “SBTS Citation Quick Guide” at the end of chapter 5. For the most updated copy of this document, go to the “Resources” page of the Writing Center website (sbts.edu/students/center-for-student-success/writingcenter/). 2.10 Lists To enumerate words or phrases within a paragraph, use numbers or letters surrounded by parentheses to set off (1) the enumerated words, (2) the enumerated phrases, or (3) whatever you are listing. The previous sentence exemplifies in-paragraph numbering. See also the sample paper after chapter 2.

Noah Lukeman, A Dash of Style . . . (an example of a footnote with a space after the number)

Noah Lukeman, A Dash of Style . . . (an example of a footnote with no space after the number)

For any freestanding list in the body of the text, use Arabic numerals (not bullets). If the list has 9 or fewer items, the numbers must be flush with the left margin. If the list has 10 or more items, the double-digit numbers must be flush with the left margin and the single-digit numbers indented so that the periods of all numbers are aligned. Single-space within each item of the list with the text of each item indented 0.35 inch from the left margin. Leave one empty single-spaced line between items and one singlespaced line before and after the list. If the text of each enumerated item extends beyond three or four lines, do not use an enumerated list. Use standard paragraphs that begin with the words “First,” “Second,” “Third,” etc. 2.11 Bibliography The title BIBLIOGRAPHY should appear in all CAPS placed 2 inches from the top of the page. Two empty single-spaced lines should separate the title from the first subhead or first bibliographic entry. See the sample bibliography page after chapter 2. 2.11.1 Spacing Each bibliography entry should appear single-spaced. There should be one empty single-spaced line between entries. Each entry begins at the left margin. Subsequent lines are indented 0.35 inch (i.e., “hanging indent” = 0.35 inch). 2.11.2 Arrangement Arrange entries alphabetically by the last name of the author (or editor if there is no author). For works with co-authors or co-editors, use the last name of the first person listed on the title page. If you subdivide your bibliography by resource type, entries in each section should be arranged alphabetically. Only the name of the first author should be reversed to facilitate alphabetizing; do not reverse the names of authors after the first author. 22

If your bibliography includes two or more works written, edited, translated, or compiled by the same person, use that person’s name for the first entry. For the second and subsequent entries for that person, use a 0.7 inch line created by eight strokes on the underline key. (For examples, see John Piper and Alvin Plantinga in the sample bibliography page after chapter 2.) Note that a line may not be used for co-authored works that appear at the end of a series of individually authored works. The author’s name (which appeared at the beginning of the series) must be repeated in addition to the names of all co-authors. If subsequent works by these same co-authors are listed, then the 0.7 inch line may be used in place of all those same co-authors. If more than one work is listed for the same author, editor, or coauthors, list those works in alphabetical order by the first word of each title. However, if the first word is an article (A, An, The), ignore that article and alphabetize by the next word. See chapter 5 “Footnote and Bibliographic Forms” and Turabian chapters 16 and 17 for further instruction on these and related matters, complete with examples. 2.12 Example of Research Paper An example research paper is provided on the next pages. Please note: The page numbers on the example paper are numbered as a paper rather than sequentially with the page numbering of this manual.

No page number on title pages

This is incorrect! There needs to be an empty single-spaced line between the line separator and the first footnote of each page.

This is page 1 of the paper.

These footnotes are incorrect; they need a space between the footnote number and the first letter of the citation. This is a change from our previous style guide!

26 is page 2 ofpaper. the sample 2 2paper, not the style guide. This This is page 2 of the

27 This is page 5 of the paper, not the style guide.

2.11.3 Further Instruct

This is the page number of the example paper, not this style guide.

Here’s What You’ll Find in Chapter 3 A book review includes four major sections: the introduction, the summary, the critical evaluation, and the conclusion. Instead of footnotes, use parenthetical page references (3.3). First page of the book review (3.2) • Use the bibliographic entry as the title. • Left-justify and single-space the entry. Introduction (3.4.1) • Introduce the author, his or her background and qualifications to write this book. • Introduce the topic and thrust of the book. • Length should be one to two paragraphs. Summary (3.4.2) • Identify the author’s thesis. • Summarize author’s main points. • Avoid chapter-by-chapter summarizing.

Critical Evaluation (3.4.3) • Carefully weigh the author’s claims and arguments. • Avoid blanket statements. • Give specific and thorough critiques backed by evidence and examples.

Conclusion (3.4.4) • Length should be one to two paragraphs. • Give overall evaluation of the book. • State the book’s practical value, the author's achievement, and to whom the book might be useful.

CHAPTER 3 BOOK REVIEW STYLE GUIDELINES The format of a book review is a modified form of the style for a research paper. It adopts the same margins, indentations, etc. as discussed in chapters 1 and 2. This chapter will address only those features in which the book review differs from the research paper style guidelines. More information about book reviews is available in the Writing Center resource “Book Review Guide” on the Writing Center website (sbts.edu/students/center-for-studentsuccess/writing-center/) under “Resources.” 3.1 Title Page Follow the guidelines in “2.2 Title Page” for the title page of a book review, but use the title of the book being reviewed italicized in all CAPS for your title. Put “A Book Review” on the line to identify the type of paper. 3.2 First Page of Text Include a full bibliographic reference to the book on the first page of text. The reference should be left justified and 2 inches from the top of the page (this reference occupies the position for the title in a research paper; see “2.5 First Page of Text”). Do not include the number of pages or the price of the book (information required by the style manual many ago but which is no longer used). Leave two empty single-spaced lines between the bibliographic reference and the body of your review. 3.3 Page References You may use parentheses in the body of your review to refer to pages in the book you are reviewing. It is unnecessary to cite the author's name; simply reference the page number(s) in parenthesis (104). Omit the abbreviations p., pg., and pp. 31 Example of parenthetical page number!

Typically, you will not cite other works in a book review, so footnotes and a bibliography are unnecessary (unless your professor specifically asks you to do so). If a book review does reference another source, a general reference in the text is adequate. For example, “Smith echoes Charles Spurgeon’s argument in The Suffering Letters . . .” 3.4 Divisions of a Book Review While no model can fit every book review assignment, what follows provides general guidelines if your professors do not provide their own guidelines for book reviews. The guidelines below discuss a five-page review. If the review you are assigned is longer or shorter, you will need to adjust the content of each section. Remember that the most important guidelines for any book review are the specifications provided by the professor making the assignment. For example, some professors do not allow subheadings in book reviews fewer than five pages. For more information, see the “Book Review Guide” on the “Resource” page of the Writing Center website (sbts.edu/students/center-for-student-success/writing-center/). See the sample pages at the beginning of this chapter. 3.4.1 Introduction Begin the review with a section that briefly introduces the book and the book's author. Biographical information about the author (education, training, experience, etc.) should be included only as it demonstrates the author's competency to write the book. Within the context of the paper, do not use titles (Dr., Rev., etc.). In most five-page reviews, the introduction is typically one or two paragraphs. 3.4.2 Summary A critical book review provides a minimal summary of the book. Address first of all the author’s purpose and the primary thesis that he or she is presenting. In a longer review, you might relate that purpose or thesis to the work of others in the field. For example, is the author 32

contradicting, supporting, or building off the work of others? Follow this information with a summary of the main points by which the author argues the thesis or accomplishes the book's purpose. Overall, the summary should extend to no more than two pages in a five-page review. Avoid chapter-by-chapter summarizing; instead, provide an overview of the book. Furthermore, avoid over-quoting the author. Instead, summarize the author’s ideas in your own words. 3.4.3 Critical Evaluation (or Critical Analysis) In academic writing, “critical” does not necessarily mean saying something negative. In a book review, “critical” implies a careful weighing of the claims and arguments used to support them—that is, your analysis of the author’s success (or failure) in achieving his or her goal for the book. On the one hand, you should avoid bland endorsements, such as “This is a good book that should be recommended reading for everyone.” Avoid blanket dismissals as well, such as “This is a useless book not worth reading.” On the other hand, avoid trivial criticisms. Instead, engage the main points that relate to the author's argument. Questions to ask yourself may include the following: 1.

Are the claims and arguments well supported? Do factual errors occur among the author’s main contentions? What are the strengths and weaknesses in the author’s argumentation? For example, you might include an evaluation of the arguments biblically and theologically, if appropriate.

Does the author approach the subject with any overall perspectives (or presuppositions) that influence or condition his or her conclusions? These may be theological, experiential, philosophical, denominational, or cultural perspectives. Do these perspectives limit the value of the work or its applicability (in certain cultures, certain settings, etc.)?

If you’ve read other books on the topic, how does the author’s presentation fare compared to other work done in the field? How successful and significant is this work when evaluated within its own field? To what extent does work done in other fields affirm or challenge the author’s claims? (If you have not read extensively in the field, you will most likely skip this third set of questions.)

Throughout your critique, be specific in your evaluations. Do not just tell the reader about the book; tell and show the reader with concrete examples from the book. As previously suggested, include page numbers when making specific references to the book. However, avoid lengthy quotations. 33

3.4.4 Conclusion In a final paragraph or two, give your overall evaluation of the book. In light of its strengths and weaknesses, state the value of the work for your own research, general knowledge, or ministry. Conclude with a brief comment about the author’s achievement and to whom the book would be useful. Be discerning and specific rather than broad and general about any recommendation because your professors probably will assess your grasp of the book when they read your recommendation. Example of a general versus specific evaluation: [Vague and not useful] All good Christians should read this book. [Better] This book would be useful to a youth pastor interested in strengthening . . . 3.4.5 Example of Book Review Formatting The following pages illustrate book review formatting.

Title = title of book italicized; doublespaced; inverted pyramid (each line is narrower than the line above it) THE SERMON ON THE MOUNT AND HUMAN FLOURISHING: A THEOLOGICAL COMMENTARY

__________________

A Book Review Presented to Dr. Arthur Morgan The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for 20200

by John Marston [email protected] January 5, 2022

I affirm the honor code.

There should be no page35number on the title page

First-level subheading: two empty single-spaced lines before, one empty singlespaced line after (see 2.7 for spacing tutorial). Check with your professor: some may not want any subheadings in a book review since they take up space in a short paper.

Book citation begins 2” from the top of the page; indent second line to 0.35” (see template)

Pennington, Jonathan T. The Sermon on the Mount and Human Flourishing. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2017.

Indent first line 0.7”

Do not use a subheading here!

This section should be 1-2 paragraphs, no more than 1/2 of a page in a five-page book review. In other words, no matter what length your book review is required to be, the

1” margins introduction should be 15-20% of the total pages. Here, briefly introduce the author, telling the all sides reader why he or she is an authority on this subject. Also, answer the following questions: What is the thesis of the book? Who is the audience? What is the main purpose of the book (i.e., why did the author write it)? Do not use honorifics (Dr., Mrs., Mr.). Use full name for first mention of the author, then last name only for all subsequent references. See the “Book Review Guide” on the Writing Center resource page for more information on what to include in the “Introduction” section. Summary This section should be 2 pages maximum in a five-page book review, often less. In other words, no matter what length your book review is required to be, the summary should be no more than 25% of the total page count. Briefly summarize the major ideas and arguments the author uses to support the thesis of the book. Do not give chapter-by-chapter summaries. This section should be objective—do not add commentary or any of your own opinions. See the “Book Review Guide” on the Writing Center resource page for more information on what to include in the “Summary” section. Critical Evaluation This section should be the largest section of the paper because it is the most important section of the book review and should therefore, account for 40-45% of the book review’s 36 1

Page 1 of the paper, not style guide.

All body text = 24-pt spacing

All subsequent pages begin 1” from top of page (per 1” margins) length. Here, evaluate the book, providing your opinion of how well (or how poorly) the author fulfilled his or her purpose/supported the thesis. Discuss both strengths and weaknesses. Be fair, not condescending. If you give examples from the book, be brief; you do not want this section to sound like a secondary summary section. Questions to ask: Are there any biases that the author evidences in his or her writing? Are there any presuppositions that undergird the contents of the book? Is anything missing? Could the author have been clearer or more thorough at certain points? See the “Book Review Guide” on the Writing Center resource page for more information on what to include in the “Critical Evaluation” section. Conclusion This section should be 1-2 paragraphs, usually about 1/2 of a page in a five-page book review, but it may be up to 15% of the paper. Here, give your final evaluation of the book (did the author succeed or fail overall?). Describe, briefly, how it affected you personally or how it would be beneficial in ministry. To whom would you recommend this book? Who would find it useful? See the “Book Review Guide” on the Writing Center resource page for more information on what to include in the “Conclusion” section. The next page shows page one of a book review.

No bibliography page needed (since book citation appears at beginning of page 1) 37

For a book review, in place of a title, provide the full bibliographic entry 2” from the top of the page.

See Turabian chap. 16-17 on bibliographic form; see also the SBTS Citation Quick Guide for numerous examples.

Sire, James W. Habits of the Mind: Intellectual Life as a Christian Calling. Downers Grove, IL: IVP, 2000. While serving as James Sire chief editor for InterVarsity Press, Sire advanced the

In-text lists should be numbered as this Schaeffer on his How Should We Then Live and the same year published his own most famous example shows. Christian worldview movement through books he edited and wrote. He worked with Francis

work, The Universe Next Door. The central goal of this book is (1) to identify, describe, and encourage those habits of the mind that are central to our fulfilling the call to glorify God by thinking well (10), (2) to convince readers that thinking feels, and (3) to suggest that thinking well is a vital aspect of righteous behavior (12), for “great men alone” “grasp” great ideas (62). Therefore, Sire’s primary purpose is to push believers to think more deeply as a catalyst for acting into their faith: Parenthetical to think deeper about truth is to be able to act truth (11). Summary

page references to the book under review

In the first several chapters, the author explores what the intellect means, according to the thoughts, words, and life of John Henry Newman. Newman’s tenacious insistence that ideas truth and aofpossession of godliness are inseparably intertwined is reviewed (38). Following his Fourofsections an SBTS book review: defining of an intellectual, Sire spends three chapters on intellectual practice: virtues, disciplines, 1. Introduction and reading, including a look at Jesus as a thinker and intellectual model for Christians. The 2. Summary book closes with an exhortation to follow Jesus in thinking well “and in so doing to seek first the 3. Critical Evaluation 4. Conclusion kingdom of God and to glorify God” (14). Sire’s conclusion is that the “life of the mind becomes a vital part of the full-orbed life in Christ” (74); “We only believe what we obey” (96). The Christian intellectual is distinctly different from the non-Christian intellectual because fully comprehending truth

This is page 1 of the book review.

Here’s What You’ll Find in Chapter 4 Southern style defines a number of formatting issues (e.g., punctuation, numbers ranges, dashes, ellipses, parentheses, etc.). Make regular reference to this chapter and the examples in chapter 7 until you have mastered these formatting guidelines. Ellipses and dashes (4.2, 4.3) • Instead of three periods to express a continuing thought, use a spaced ellipsis. • Know when to use a dash and when to use a hyphen.

Punctuation, quotation marks, and commas in a series (4.5, 4.6) • A closing period or comma always precedes a closing quotation mark. • Use a serial comma before the “and” or the “or” in a series of three or more items. (e.g., The style guide includes tips, rules, and examples for aspiring writers.)

Tables and figures (4.12) • These provide an excellent avenue for presenting data at a glance. • If you need to use a table or figure in your paper, make sure to follow the various guidelines in 4.12.1 and 4.12.2.

Numbers, percentages, and numerical sequences (4.7, 4.8) • Refer to this table to write out numerical sequences (4.8). • See Turabian chapter 23 for specific numerical instructions (4.7). • Spell out numbers up to two words (e.g., fifty-one) (4.7.1). • Express numbers in a series as numerals (4.7.1). Spelling, capitalizations, and abbreviations (4.9, 4.10, 4.13) • See 4.13 for a detailed list of common capitalization issues. • Abbreviate Bible book names in parenthetical citations and any reference in footnotes (4.10). • Refer to the SBL Handbook for an extensive list of abbreviations.

CHAPTER 4 MISCELLANEOUS FORMATTING GUIDELINES The sample paper after chapter 2 exemplifies many of the formatting guidelines in this chapter. 4.1 Ellipses Use three spaced dots for omission within a quoted sentence. Do not use ellipses before or after quoted material; use them only in the middle. Use four spaced dots for omission between quoted sentences—three to indicate omission and the fourth for the period of the sentence. (If the terminal mark between sentences is a question mark instead of a period, use three dots and the question mark.) See Turabian 25.3.2.1–4 for examples and specifics. If an omission between sentences involves a question, see Turabian 25.3.2.2 for instructions. Consider these examples and see the sample paper after chapter 2. These are the more common ellipses situations, but check Turabian for others. Correct example of material taken out within a single sentence: “The metanarrative of the Bible . . . is so pervasive, so all-encompassing, that we can hear an echo of it . . . in all other stories.” Two incorrect ways to show material removed within a sentence “The metanarrative of the Bible … is so pervasive, so all-encompassing, that we can hear an echo of it…in all other stories.” The first ellipses are WRONG because the dots don’t have spaces between them. The second ellipses are WRONG because there is no space before and after the ellipses. 41

If you take out material after a period, this is the correct form: “To the contrary, we find ourselves, in Christ, right in the middle of the Trinitarian Persons’ mutual delight and self-giving. . . . Our union with Christ through the Spirit helps us make sense of Peter’s statement of our shockingly close proximity to God.” This is the sentence’s period. (No space after the word “self-giving” because that word ended the sentence. If you remove the end of one sentence and start again at the beginning of the next sentence— “When men engage in abstractions, they are basically doing one of two things . . . . If they are Hebraic in their ‘abstractions,’ they are describing.” This sentence’s period is the 4th ellipsis dot, but since “things” does not end a sentence, the four dots are equally spaced. If punctuation precedes an ellipsis (for example, a period, semicolon, etc.), the punctuation mark appears without any space between the word and the punctuation mark. After the punctuation mark, leave one space and begin the first period of the ellipsis (see Turabian 25.3.2.2 “General Method for Ellipses”). 4.2 Dashes For dashes, you may use either an en dash or an em dash as long as you are consistent throughout the document. Do not use a hyphen as a dash. Do not space before or after a dash (see Turabian 21.7.2). Hyphens are used to combine two words into a single word. For example, “The green-eyed monster raged.” 4.3 Parentheses and Brackets Note that in a quotation, any parentheses must appear in the original quotation. If you add any kind of correction or notation within quoted material, you must do so in square brackets, not parentheses. See Turabian 21.8 for guidelines regarding parentheses and brackets. 42

4.4 Punctuation and Quotation Marks Terminal punctuation, quotation marks, footnotes following terminal punctuation, and colons must be followed by only one space throughout one’s document. In other words, use only one space after every sentence—not two (**this is a change from the previous version of the style manual**). For more information, see Turabian (9th ed.) 21.1 “Periods.” Also, notice that the present version of the style manual follows this rule consistently. According to American usage, a closing period or a comma always precedes a closing quotation mark, whether it is part of the quoted matter or not. Question marks and exclamation points precede quotation marks if they are part of the quoted matter or follow the quotation marks if they pertain to the entire sentence of which the quotation is a part. Semicolons and colons follow quotation marks. If the quoted passage ends with a semicolon or a colon in the original, the mark may be changed to a period or a comma to fit the structure of the main sentence (see Turabian 21.12.2.1). 4.5 Commas in a Series According to American usage, a serial comma (also called an Oxford comma) appears before the and and or, indicating the last item in a series of three or more items (see also Turabian 21.2.2). For example: [INCORRECT because there is no comma after danger] Lewis uses atmosphere, danger and narrative development. [CORRECT with the comma after danger] Lewis uses atmosphere, danger, and narrative development. 4.6 Numbers See Turabian chapter 23 for guidelines regarding numbers. Note that any number serving as the first word of a sentence must be written as a word, including enumerated books of the Bible (e.g., “First Chronicles 1–9 represents . . .”). Use 2nd, 3rd, 4th, etc., not 2nd or 3d. Use 43

the full-sized 1/2 and 3/4 rather than the smaller ½ and ¾ . Use “no.” to abbreviate “number” rather than the # sign. 4.6.1 Using Numbers in Body of Papers Numbers of one or two words are spelled out, as are whole numbers ending with hundred, thousand, hundred thousand, million, etc. Numbers that are three words are expressed as numerals. (For example: fifty is one word and is written out; fifty-one is two words and is written out; fifty-three thousand is three words, but is a whole number ending with “thousand,” so it is written out; five hundred one is three words, so it is expressed with numerals as 501.) Express numbers in a series as numerals. (For example: “The respondents were distributed as follows: 100 were freshmen, 51 were sophomores, 25 were juniors, and 10 were seniors,” or, “The most frequently missed questions were numbers 50, 51 and 52.”) To avoid confusion, spell out one set of numbers in an expression that involves two or more series of numbers. (For example, “In the first survey, 21 respondents failed to meet inclusion criteria; in the second survey, only 5 respondents failed to meet inclusion criteria.”) Multiple chapters, phases, stages, steps, tasks, etc. are numbered and referenced with Arabic numerals (e.g., Phase 1, Phase 2, etc.). Write out the word “percent” after numeric values except for statistics reported from precedent literature or data derived in your research. (The percent symbol may be used in tables to save space. See Turabian 23.4.1). Example of a percentage starting a sentence, Five percent of the respondents agreed. Example of a percentage midsentence, Of those who responded, 5% agreed. Decimal are expressed with one leading zero, and zeros following the decimal point as required for the statistical number being reported. All numbers presented in tables must be 44

decimal aligned. Any number used as the first word in a sentence must be written out as a word. Example, Three hundred thousand people gathered for the meeting. This rule applies for books of the Bible too. Example, First Kings follows the book of 2nd Samuel. 4.6.2 Using Numbers in Tables The word “percentage” (not “percent”) is used when no number is given. 4.7 Numerical Sequences Use abbreviation system in table 1 for inclusive page numbers. Ranges of years should not be abbreviated however (see Turabian 23.2.4). Note that an unspaced hyphen or en dash is used to separate inclusive numbers.

Table 1. Abbreviation system for inclusive numbers First Number

Second Number

Use all digits

3–10, 71–72, 96–117

100 or multiples of 100

100–104, 1100–1113

101 through 109, 201 through 209, etc.

Use changed part only

101–8, 808–33, 1103–4

Use two unless more are needed to include all changed parts

321–28, 498–532, 1087– 89, 1496–500

110 through 199, 210 through 299, etc.

Source: Kate L. Turabian, A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, 9th ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2018), table 23.2.

4.8 Spelling and Capitalization Section 4.10 in this manual provides a short selection of standard capitalization conventions for biblical and theological academic studies. The SBL Handbook of Style provides a more thorough list (see 4.3.6 [2nd ed.] “Capitalization and Spelling Examples”). Consult The SBL Handbook of Style for any spelling or capitalization questions not answered in this style guide. Consistency should be maintained where there are multiple spelling options. Current practice in academic writing is to avoid capitalizing divine pronouns (see The SBL Handbook of Style [2nd ed] 4.3.4.3 “Pronouns Referring to God”). Students who feel strongly about this matter may follow their conscience. 4.9 Abbreviations The SBL Handbook of Style (2nd ed.) provides a thorough list of the standard abbreviations in biblical and theological academic studies (see 8.1, “General Abbreviations” in The SBL Handbook of Style). Use the abbreviations in footnotes and parenthetical Scripture references in text. Below we provide the abbreviations for Bible texts, versions, biblical books, etc. as they appear in The SBL Handbook of Style.1 Divisions of the canon HB NT OT

Hebrew Bible New Testament Old Testament

Units of text: chap./chaps. v./vv. par(r).

chapter/chapters verse/verses and the parallel text(s); see [SBL] §8.2.2

Ancient texts, text types, and versions: Byz. Byzantine Copt. Coptic LXX Septuagint MT Masoretic Text Syr. Syriac TR Textus Receptus Vulg. Vulgate 1 Society of Biblical Literature, The SBL Handbook of Style: For Biblical Studies and Related Disciplines, 2nd ed. (Atlanta: SBL Press, 2014), 119–25.

Modern editions: BF2 BHK BHL BHQ BHS HBCE NA28 SBLGNT UBS5 WH

British and Foreign Bible Societies, 2d edition Biblia Hebraica, ed. R. Kittel Biblia Hebraica Leningradensia ed. A. Dotan Biblia Hebraica Quinta Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia The Hebrew Bible: A Critical Edition Novum Testamentum Graece, Nestle-Aland, 28th ed. The Greek New Testament: SBL Edition The Greek New Testament, United Bible Societies, 5th ed. Westcott-Hort

Modern versions: ASV CEB CEV ESV GNB Goodspeed

American Standard Version Common English Bible Contemporary English Version English Standard Version Good News Bible The New Testament: An American Translation, by Edgar J. Goodspeed; The Apocrypha: An American Translation, by Edgar J. Goodspeed. For The Complete Bible, see Smith-Goodspeed. HCSB Holman Christian Standard Bible JB Jerusalem Bible KJV King James Version Lamsa Holy Bible from Ancient Eastern Manuscripts . . . Translated from the Peshitta, by George M. Lamsa LB Living Bibles MLB Modern Language Bible Moffatt The New Testament: A New Translation, James Moffatt NAB New American Bible NABR New American Bible, Revised Edition NASB New American Standard Bible NEB New English Bible NET New English Translation NETS A New English Translation of the Septuagint. Edited by Albert Pietersma and Benjamin G. Wright. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007. NIV New International Version NIVI New International Version, Inclusive Language Edition NJB New Jerusalem Bible NJPS Tanakh: The Holy Scriptures: The New JPS Translation according to the Traditional Hebrew Text NKJV New King James Version NLT New Living Translation NRSV New Revised Standard Version Phillips The New Testament in Modern English, J. B. Phillips REB Revised English Bible RSV Revised Standard Version RV Revised Version Smith-Goodspeed The Complete Bible: An American Translation, OT trans. J. M. Powis Smith et al.; Apocrypha and NT trans. Edgar J. Goodspeed SV The Complete Gospels Annotated Scholars Version, ed. Robert J. Miller 47

TEV TNIV Weymouth

Today’s English Version (= Good News Bible) Today’s New International Version The New Testament in Modern Speech, R. F. Weymouth

Hebrew Bible/Old Testament Use the abbreviations of books of the Bible in footnotes and parenthetical Scripture references. These abbreviations do not include a period, nor are they italicized. Example: The Bible says God created and ordered the world in a certain way (Gen 1-3). For extra information, see the Writing Center Bible Citation blog. Gen Exod Lev Num Deut Josh Judg Ruth 1-2 Sam 1-4 Kgdms 1-2 Kgs 1-2 Chr Ezra Neh Esth Job Ps/Pss Prov Eccl (or Qoh) Song (or Cant) Isa Jer Lam Ezek Dan Hos Joel Amos Obad Jonah Mic Nah Hab Zeph Hag Zech Mal

Genesis Exodus Leviticus Numbers Deuteronomy Joshua Judges Ruth 1-2 Samuel 1-4 Kingdoms (LXX) 1-2 Kings 1-2 Chronicles Ezra Nehemiah Esther Job [Psalm] Psalms Proverbs Ecclesiastes (or Qoheleth) Song of Songs (Song of Solomon, or Canticles) Isaiah Jeremiah Lamentations Ezekiel Daniel Hosea Joel Amos Obadiah Jonah Micah Nahum Habakkuk Zephaniah Haggai Zechariah Malachi

New Testament Abbreviations for books of the Bible do not include a period, nor should they be italicized. Use these abbreviations in footnotes and parenthetical citations. For extra information, see the Writing Center Bible Citation blog. Example: Paul repeats this idea (2 Thess 1:6-7). Matt Mark Luke John Acts Rom 1-2 Cor Gal Eph Phil Col 1-2 Thess 1-2 Tim Titus Phlm Heb Jas 1-2 Pet 1-2-3 John Jude Rev

Matthew Mark Luke John Acts Romans 1-2 Corinthians Galatians Ephesians Philippians Colossians 1-2 Thessalonians 1-2 Timothy Titus Philemon Hebrews James 1-2 Peter 1-2-3 John Jude Revelation

Students requiring abbreviations for the Apocrypha and Septuagint, the Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, Dead Sea Scrolls and related texts, Philo, Josephus, Mishnah, Talmud, targumic texts, other rabbinic works, apostolic fathers, Nag Hammadi codices, New Testament Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha, classical and ancient Christian writings, Latin names of biblical books, papyri, ostraca, epigraphical citations, and ancient Near Eastern texts should consult The SBL Handbook of Style (see 8.3.3–17). For abbreviations of secondary sources (e.g., journals, periodicals, major reference works, and series), consult The SBL Handbook of Style (8.4). Students may also choose to consult the “Abbreviations of Modern Publications” here. Consistency should always be maintained. State Abbreviations in Citations Use postal codes—two-uppercase letters in all CAPS, no periods—to abbreviate U.S. 49

states and Canadian provinces in bibliography and footnote entries (see Turabian 24.3.1). We don’t use state abbreviations with the largest cities or best-known cities in the United States. If you are new to the US, you may find this list helpful. Don’t use state abbreviations when the publisher is located in one of these cities: Atlanta Baltimore Berkley Boston Chicago Dallas Denver Detroit Grand Rapids (Grand Rapids is a major publishing city.) Houston Indianapolis Las Vegas

Los Angeles Louisville Memphis Nashville New York Oklahoma City Philadelphia Phoenix San Antonio San Diego San Francisco Seattle

If the state is mentioned in the publisher’s name, omit the state abbreviation after the city. For instance, in the example below, “Indiana” is included in the publisher’s name, so even though Bloomington is not one of the largest cities in the US, the state name is not repeated after the city. 6 Russell

E. Richey, Early American Methodism (Bloomington: Indiana University

Press, 1991), 76.

For a well-known international city of publication, omit the country name. For a less well-known international city, include the country name but do not abbreviate it. The exception is for less well-known cities in the UK; you may abbreviate UK for the United Kingdom. Example of not well-known city: Fern, Scotland: Christian Focus Example of not well-known city: Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh Press Be consistent with the use of states/countries in the footnote and its corresponding bibliography entry.

4.10 Capitalization List For a more complete list, see The SBL Handbook. Acts of the Apostles AD (anno Domini)—precedes date, avoid using with centuries the Almighty ancient Near East ante-Nicene fathers Apocrypha, apocryphal an apostle, the apostles, apostle Paul ark (Noah’s) ark of the covenant BC (before Christ)—follows date BCE (before the common era)—follows date the Beatitudes Bible, biblical; also see Scripture book of Job catholic (universal), Catholic (Roman Catholic Church) century—spell out numbers in the text (the twentieth century, twentieth-century theology; note that when the century term is an adjective, it is hyphenated) chapter 5 (note that the chapter number is a numeral, not a word) CE (common era)—follows date Christian (both noun and adjective) Christian era Christology, christological Church—capitalize in titles (First Baptist Church, Roman Catholic Church, Church of England), lower case for universal church (the church, a Baptist church, the Methodist church) the Dark Ages day of Pentecost, day of judgment, Day of the Lord the Decalogue Deuteronomy, deuteronomic, the Deuteronomist the Diaspora, diaspora Jews epistle—lower case when not a title (this epistle, these epistles) the Epistles—capitalize for the whole group in the New Testament and in titles (the Epistle of James, the First Epistle of John, the Pastoral Epistles) the exile (the Babylonian captivity) the exodus the fall the fall of Rome the Father, our heavenly Father, the fatherhood of God the Fathers, church fathers the flood Gentile(s) (noun and adjective) Gnosticism, gnostic (noun and adjective) gospel—the good news Gospel—capitalize when referring to one of the gospels (Gospel of Mark, the Fourth Gospel, the synoptic Gospels, the Gospel) hell Holy Week judgment day kingdom of God Koran—use Qur’an instead 51

law of Moses, the Law (the Pentateuch) Lord’s Supper medieval, medieval theology the Messiah (Christ), messianic Middle Ages, late Middle Ages, the High Middle Ages Mishnah Near Eastern neo-Classicism Nicene Creed parable of the Good Samaritan (etc.) Passover Pentateuch Pharisee(s) Protestant Psalm 45; a praise psalm, twenty-third Psalm; in parentheses and footnotes: Ps 23; Pss 21-26 Qur’an Reformation Renaissance Scripture (when referring to the Bible), Scriptures, the Scriptures, scriptural, scripture (nonbiblical general reference to religious writings) the second coming Sermon on the Mount the Son, Son of God, Son of Man Sunday school the Supper Ten Commandments the Word, the Word of God (for Jesus or the Bible)

4.11 Transliteration Students are encouraged to incorporate Hebrew and Greek fonts in their writing. If transliteration is necessary, students should use the following transliteration styles from The SBL Handbook of Style (5.1.2 “General-Purposes Style” and 5.3 “Greek”), reproduced below. 4.11.1 Hebrew

Table 2. Hebrew consonants Character

Transliteration

b; v [spirant]

g; gh [spirant]

d; dh [spirant]

p; f [spirant]

k; kh [spirant]

t; th [spirant]

4.11.1.2 Vowels ַ

qamets khatuf

furtive patakh

final qamats he

short qibbuts

long qibbuts

khatef qamets

short hireq

khatef patakh

khatef segol

vocal shewa

4.11.2 Greek α

gamma nasal

n (before γ, ρ

initial rho (or in medial double rho: e.g., Pyrrhos)

y (not in diphthong)

u (in diphthongs: au eu _u, ou, ui)

rough breathing

h (preceding initial vowel or diphthong)

4.12 Tables and Figures Tables are used for data presented in rows and columns; all other graphics should be labelled as figures in a thesis, dissertation, or D.Min. project (see Turabian 26 “Tables and Figures,” but note the ways in which this style manual emends or otherwise departs from these instructions). 4.12.1 Tables Every table must have both a number and a title above it, centered on the page (see table 2 under section 4.11.1). The word “Table” should precede the number, which begins at 1 and proceeds sequentially throughout the text of a thesis, dissertation, or DMin project. A period should follow the table number. The title of a table follows the table number and should appear capitalized sentence style (i.e., only the first word and proper nouns are capitalized), but with no final punctuation. The length of the table title should not extend beyond the width of the table. Longer titles should be broken into two or more lines and appear in inverted pyramid style. A single space should separate the table title from the table itself. Numbering tables in appendixes should restart at 1 prefixed with the letter “A”: for example, Table A1. Numbering should proceed sequentially throughout all appendixes. When tables appearing in appendixes are referenced in the text, always include with the reference the appropriate appendix number: for example, “See table A1 in appendix 1.” A full border should outline tables. Use borders on all sides of a cell except where data spans two cells and the interior border is not appropriate. All borders and rules should be 1/2 point or hairline width. Tables are presented in the same font, size, and color as the body of text (see “1.2 Font”). If reducing the font size in a table allows for the table to be on a single page instead of spread over two pages, 10 point font size is allowed. If a table needs to

continue onto a second page, do not put a bottom border on the first page. The column headings need to be repeated on the second page. (For an example, see this style guide’s table of contents. Notice how “chapter” and “page” are repeated at the top of each page.) Bold, underline, and colored text should be avoided for emphasis, but italic font may be used for category titles within the table. Numbers in cells should appear right aligned and decimal aligned with equal number of decimal places. When no data is contained in a cell, use an em dash (—) to indicate no data rather than a hyphen (-) or zeros; however, use zeros to indicate computed results in a distribution of data. Use at least one leading zero before a decimal figure less than one. Do not repeat % or $ symbols in each cell, but indicate the symbol in the categorical title. If necessary, a table note should appear below the table, separated by a single space. Notes aid readers in interpreting the data or explaining the table. They should appear left justified and should be capitalized sentence style with no terminal punctuation. The word “Note” followed by a colon should precede the note. All text should appear left justified and single-spaced. See the sample paper after chapter 2. Any table and its corresponding title (and note, if any), should be separated from text or other graphic above and below with three blank lines. Tables appear centered between the left and right margins horizontally and, when filling a full page, between the top and bottom margins. Do not split a table that could fit on a single page. If a table can fit on one page but remaining space in the document does not allow for the table to fit on the page, the whole table should appear at the top of the next page. If necessary to avoid large white space, move text to fill the preceding page when the whole table is moved to the next page. When a table is larger than one full page, continue the table on the next page. When spanning more than one page, a modified table title should appear on subsequent pages consisting of the word “Table,” the table number,

and the word “continued” with no terminal punctuation, all in italics. The table note, if any, should appear on the final page below the last line of the table. Tables should be formatted to fit within the page margins of the document (see “1.4 Margins”). 4.12.2 Figures Every figure must have a number and title. The formatting is similar to the formatting for tables (“4.12.1 Tables”) with two exceptions: figure numbers and titles appear one single space below the figure, and the word “Figure” should replace the word “Table.” Unlike tables, figures do not require a border unless they are reproductions and part of the original documents. If necessary, a figure note or legend should appear below the figure title, separated by a single space. Otherwise, the formatting is same for table notes (“4.12.1 Tables”). All graphics and research instruments must fit within the margin specifications for papers, dissertations, or D.Min. projects to ensure proper integration in the document (see “1.4 Margins”). Configure all figures according to grayscale colors to ensure appropriate sharpness, clarity, and contrast when printed with black ink.

Here’s What You’ll Find in Chapter 5 This chapter contains some specific footnote and bibliography requirements for SBTS, but students are encouraged to purchase a copy of the newest edition of A Manual for Writers, by Kate L. Turabian. The newest edition should always be purchased, as older editions may include outdated style guidelines. Find a detailed citation guide at the end of this chapter.

Author’s name (5.2) • Refer to chapters 16 and 17 in Turabian for detailed steps on creating footnotes. • List each author’s name as it appears on the title page without titular information (Dr., Rev., etc.).

Shortened footnotes (5.1) • Provide a complete citation the first time you cite a work. Use a shortened “authortitle” footnote for each subsequent citation of the same work. • Turabian discourages the use of “Ibid.” If you do, follow the guidelines closely. • Do not use “author-only” footnotes.

Commentary citations (5.3) • Various types of commentaries will require different citation formats; pay close attention to these guidelines. • Commentary series should be formatted according to the “Series” entry in Turabian 17.1.5. • Commentary sets should be formatted according to the “Volume” entry in Turabian 17.1.4.

CHAPTER 5 FOOTNOTE AND BIBLIOGRAPHIC FORMS For footnote and bibliography forms, use the guidelines for “Notes-Bibliography Style” in chapters 16 and 17 of Turabian in your papers, theses, projects, and dissertations. This chapter 5 of the SBTS style manual contains supplemental material about specific SBTS requirements. Please obtain a copy of Turabian because many of its guidelines are not reproduced in this manual. You may also consult the “SBTS Citation Quick Guide,” a distilled version of chapters 16 and 17 of Turabian. (You’ll find it by going to “Resources” on the Writing Center website: sbts.edu/students/center-for-student-success/writing-center/). You may also find helpful information about unusual or complicated citations in chapter 14 of The Chicago Manual of Style (17th ed.).

WARNING! For information on citing sources, use chapters 16 and 17 in Turabian. Don’t use chapters 18 and 19 “Parenthetical Citations-Reference List Style.”

5.1 Shortened Footnotes In papers, students should provide a complete citation the first time they cite a work. Subsequent citations of this work should appear as a shortened “author-title” footnote (see Turabian 16.4.1 “Shortened Notes”). Do not use “author-only” footnotes. Use the author-title format instead. Both Turabian and The Chicago Manual of Style discourage the use of “Ibid.” beginning with the 9th edition. (See the next page for examples of the change.) “Ibid.” is an option, but note the following problems: (1) Using ibid. is not permitted in the first footnote on any page, and (2) if you insert any additional information between the citation and an “Ibid.,” the “Ibid.” no longer refers to the correct 59

source. Extreme care must be taken when using “Ibid.” More information on using ibid. and the changes from the previous version of Turabian are included below. Also see Turabian 16.4.2. line separator

“Ibid.” Is Discouraged Turabian 8th ed. encouraged academic writers to use “Ibid.” for subsequent references to the same source. Your footnotes would have looked like this:

Gregg R. Allison, Sojourners and Strangers: The Doctrine of the Church, Foundations of Evangelical Theology (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2012), 112. 2

Ibid., 113. [old method = bad]

Now, however, Turabian 9th ed. discourages the use of “Ibid.” in footnotes. Instead, after you have given full citation (long form), you should use the short form (“last name-shortened title-page number”) for all subsequent citations to the same source. You may use “last namepage number” (super short form) only below a single short form citation of the same source. However, you may well choose to use short form citations throughout (a never use super short form citations). This decision is perfectly acceptable. If you do choose to use super short form citations, then your footnotes should look like this:

Allison, Sojourners and Strangers, 113.

Jonathan T. Pennington, The Sermon on the Mount and Human Flourishing (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2017), 93. 4

Allison, 114-15.

Pennington, Sermon on the Mount and Human Flourishing, 96.

Pennington, 97.

*NOTE: If you cite multiple sources by the same author, then you must always include the shortened title in subsequent references to the same work so as to not confuse the reader.

**NOTE: Omit the page number in subsequent citations to the same page location as the previous citation of the same source. In such instances, your footnotes would look as follows:

Allison, Sojourners and Strangers.

Allison, 112-13.

[same page number as above, so omit]

[page number overlaps with above note, so include]

For more information, see Turabian (9th ed.), 16.4.1, “Shortened Notes” and 16.4.2, “Ibid.” 5.2 Author’s Name In footnotes, each author’s name must appear as it is listed on the title page of his/her work. Do not include any titles (e.g., Dr., Rev., etc.). In bibliography entries, the author’s name should appear in inverted order (e.g., Pennington, Jonathan T.). If authors have a “Jr.,” “Sr.,” or number such as “III” with their name, that designation goes at the end of the reversed name in the bibliography. Examples: R. Albert Mohler Jr. = Mohler, R. Albert, Jr. Tremper Longman III = Longman, Tremper, III. See also Turabian 16.2.2.2 “Special Types of Names.” 5.3 Commentary in a Set or Series It is important to distinguish between commentaries that are a part of a set and those that are a part of a series as this distinction dictates how to cite the commentary. 5.3.1 Commentary Series When each volume of a commentary collection is individually authored and individually titled, this is a commentary series. Examples include Anchor Bible Commentary, Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament, Hermeneia, Interpretation, New International Commentary on the Old Testament, Pillar New Testament Commentary, and Word

Biblical Commentary. Consult Turabian 17.1.5 “Series” for citing commentaries that belong to this category. When citing a volume from a commentary series, the volume is italicized, but the title of a commentary series is not italicized. 5.3.2 Commentary Set When citing a selection from a volume in a commentary set, the selection (the book length contribution by the author) and the commentary set title are both italicized. 5.3.2.1 Multiple authors. When each volume of a commentary collection compiles book-length entries, each individually authored, this is a commentary set. Examples include The Expositor’s Bible Commentary, The Interpreter’s Bible, The New Interpreter’s Bible, and Zondervan Illustrated Bible Backgrounds Commentary. Consult chapter 7 “Research Paper, Citation Examples, Commentary” or Turabian 17.1.4 “Volume” for citing commentaries that belong to this category. In addition to the guidelines in Turabian for a footnote, you should include specific page number(s) for an individual entry in a commentary set. In the footnote, include comprehensive pages only if you are citing the work in its entirety and not a specific page or page range. For example, below are two sample footnotes. The first entry is a reference to the work as a whole, which spans pages 319-674; the second entry is to a specific page range within the commentary: 1 Terence E. Fretheim, The Book of Genesis: Introduction, Commentary, and Reflections, in vol. 1 of The New Interpreter’s Bible, ed. Leander E. Keck (Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1994), 319-674. 1 Terence E. Fretheim, The Book of Genesis: Introduction, Commentary, and Reflections, in vol. 1 of The New Interpreter’s Bible, ed. Leander E. Keck (Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1994), 354-57.

In the bibliography, comprehensive pages should appear between the editor and the facts of publication. For example: Fretheim, Terence E. The Book of Genesis: Introduction, Commentary, and Reflections. In vol. 1 of The New Interpreter’s Bible. Edited by Leander E. Keck, 319-674. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1994. 62

Note that in both the footnote and the bibliography, the title of the entry is followed by “In vol.” to indicate that the entry is a part of the volume, not the volume in its entirety. The individual title of volume 1 in this series, General Articles on the Bible; General Articles on the Old Testament; Genesis; Exodus; Leviticus, is omitted in both references. Note also that in the bibliography, the multivolume title, The New Interpreter’s Bible, is punctuated with a period and the subsequent term “Edited” is capitalized. 5.3.2.2 Single author. When a single author is responsible for an entire commentary collection, this too is a commentary set. For example, 1

John MacArthur, Matthew 1-7, The MacArthur New Testament Commentary (Chicago: Moody, 1985),

MacArthur, John. Matthew 1-7. The MacArthur New Testament Commentary. Chicago: Moody, 1985. Note that the title of the individual volume, Matthew 1-7, is included alongside of the title of the multivolume set, The MacArthur New Testament Commentary.

5.4 Abbreviating the Books of the Bible In footnotes and parenthetical citations, all books of the Bible are abbreviated without periods. (See Abbreviations in 4.9 for the SBTS required abbreviations.) 5.5 SBTS Citation Quick Guide The SBTS Citation Quick Guide begins on the following page. For those reading a print copy—this document is updated frequently. Please check the Writing Center website (sbts.edu/students/center-for-student-success/writing-center/) for a link to the latest version.

CITATIONS Turabian’s “Notes-Bibliography” Style Examples will be presented in the following order: (1) full footnote citation, (2) shortened footnote citation, (3) bibliographic form. SBTS uses the “author-title” format for shortened footnote citations. Please see chapters 16 and 17 of Turabian for more information. NOTE ON CITIES: City and state names. Major US cities should not include a two-letter postal state abbreviation in either footnotes or the bibliography. For example, if a book is published in Boston, do not use “Boston, MA” in the citation. Grand Rapids is not one of the largest US cities, but it is a major publishing city, so do not use “MI” in citations. For other examples of cities we do not use state abbreviations with, see section 4.9. BOOK Single Author 1

R. Albert Mohler Jr., The Conviction to Lead: 25 Principles for Leadership That Matters (Minneapolis: Bethany House, 2012), 60. 2

Mohler, Conviction to Lead, 101.

Mohler, R. Albert, Jr. The Conviction to Lead: 25 Principles for Leadership That Matters. Minneapolis: Bethany House, 2012. Multiple Authors [Footnote four or more authors with the name of the first author followed by “et al.,” List all authors in the bibliography.] 1

Peter J. Gentry and Stephen J. Wellum, Kingdom through Covenant: A BiblicalTheological Understanding of the Covenants (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2012), 169. 2

Gentry and Wellum, Kingdom through Covenant, 703.

Gentry, Peter J., and Stephen J. Wellum. Kingdom through Covenant: A Biblical-Theological Understanding of the Covenants. Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2012. No Author/Editor 1

Catechism of the Catholic Church (Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press, 1994), 15.

Catechism of the Catholic Church, 15.

Catechism of the Catholic Church. Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press, 1994. Editor/Translator, No Author

Jacob Neusner, trans., The Mishnah: A New Translation (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1988), 244. 2

Neusner, Mishnah, 723.

Neusner, Jacob, trans. The Mishnah: A New Translation. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1988. Author(s), in addition to Editor/Translator 1

William Wickes, A Treatise on the Accentuation of the Twenty-One So-Called Prose Books of the Old Testament (‫)טעמי כ״א ספרים‬, ed. Harry M. Orlinsky (New York: KTAV, 1970), 18. 2

Wickes, Accentuation of the Twenty-One, 56.

Wickes, William. A Treatise on the Accentuation of the Twenty-One So-Called Prose Books of the Old Testament (‫)טעמי כ״א ספרים‬. Edited by Harry M. Orlinsky. New York: KTAV, 1970. Edition Number 1

Joseph M. Williams and Gregory G. Colomb, Style: The Basics of Clarity and Grace, 4th ed. (New York: Longman, 2012), 52. 2

Williams and Colomb, Style, 76.

Williams, Joseph M., and Gregory G. Colomb. Style: The Basics of Clarity and Grace. 4th ed. New York: Longman, 2012. Single Chapter/Article (in an edited book) [This form is also used for a hymn, a poem, or a sermon in an edited book.] R. Albert Mohler Jr., “When the Bible Speaks, God Speaks: The Classic View of Biblical Inerrancy,” in Five Views on Biblical Inerrancy, ed. James R. Merrick and Stephen F. Garrett, Counterpoints (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2013), 32. 1

Mohler, “When the Bible Speaks, God Speaks,” 33.

Mohler, R. Albert, Jr. “When the Bible Speaks, God Speaks: The Classic View of Biblical Inerrancy.” In Five Views on Biblical Inerrancy. Edited by James R. Merrick and Stephen F. Garrett, 29–58. Counterpoints. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2013. [If you cite two or more chapters or articles in the same edited collection, use the full citation form for the first entry (as shown above), and then use the shortened citation form for all subsequent references to the same edited collection (as shown below).] Kevin J. Vanhoozer, “Augustinian Inerrancy: Literary Meaning, Literal Truth, and Literate Interpretation in the Economy of Biblical Discourse,” in Merrick and Garrett, Five Views on Biblical Inerrancy, 200. 1

Vanhoozer, “Augustinian Inerrancy,” 201–202.

Vanhoozer, Kevin J. “Augustinian Inerrancy: Literary Meaning, Literal Truth, and Literate Interpretation in the Economy of Biblical Discourse.” In Five Views on Biblical Inerrancy. Edited by James R. Merrick and Stephen F. Garrett, 199–235. Counterpoints. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2013. [Even if you include bibliographic entries for each chapter/article, you should also include a full bibliographic reference to the edited work as a whole.] Merrick, James R., and Stephen F., eds. Garrett. Five Views on Biblical Inerrancy. Counterpoints. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2013. Preface, Foreword, Introduction 1

Menahem Mansoor, introduction to Biblical Archaeology in Focus, by Keith N. Schoville (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1978), 11. 2

Mansoor, introduction to Biblical Archaeology in Focus, 12.

Mansoor, Menahem. Introduction to Biblical Archaeology in Focus, by Keith N. Schoville, 11– 12. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1978. One Source Quoted in Another [**Responsible writers are always expected to consult the original source whenever possible.** However, if the original source is unavailable (e.g., out of print), cite the original source as “quoted in” the secondary source. For more information, see Turabian (9th ed.) 17.9.3.] 1

Charles Haddon Spurgeon, The Sword and the Trowel (London: Passmore & Alabaster, 1869), 349, quoted in Kirk R. MacGregor, Contemporary Theology: An Introduction: Classical, Evangelical, Philosophical, and Global Perspectives (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2019), 76. Spurgeon, Charles Haddon. The Sword and the Trowel. London: Passmore & Alabaster, 1869, 349. Quoted in Kirk R. MacGregor, Contemporary Theology: An Introduction: Classical, Evangelical, Philosophical, and Global Perspectives (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2019). Book with a Volume Number [Note: This is an example of a multi-volume book. The footnotes list the volume along with the page number. If multiple volumes are used, list both in a single bibliographic entry.] 1

Michael Horton, Justification, New Studies in Dogmatics, ed. Michael Allen and Scott R. Swain (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2018), 1:27. 2

Horton, Justification, 2:169.

Michael Horton. Justification. Vols. 1 and 2. Edited by Michael Allen and Scott R. Swain. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2018.

Book with a Series Number [Note: This is an example of a single volume in a series. If you choose to include the series editor as well, include “vol.” before the volume number.] 1

Constantine Campbell, Verbal Aspect and Non-Indicative Verbs: Further Soundings in the Greek of the New Testament, Studies in Biblical Greek 15 (New York: Peter Lang, 2008), 67-69. 2

Campbell, Verbal Aspect and Non-Indicative Verbs, 115–17.

Campbell, Constantine. Verbal Aspect and Non-Indicative Verbs: Further Soundings in the Greek of the New Testament. Studies in Biblical Greek 15. New York: Peter Lang, 2008. Reprint Edition 1

Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique (1963; repr., New York: W. W. Norton,

1997), 487. 2

Friedan, The Feminine Mystique, 101.

Friedan, Betty. The Feminine Mystique. 1963. Reprint, New York: W. W. Norton, 1997. Material in Footnotes [If the note cited is the only footnote on a particular page or is an unnumbered footnote, the page number is followed by n alone] 1

Myk Habets, The Progressive Mystery: Tracing the Elusive Spirit in Scripture and Tradition (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2019), 183n. [If there are multiple footnotes on a particular page, then use n (for singular note) or nn (for multiple notes followed by the footnote number(s) being referenced.] 2

Habets, The Progressive Mystery, 86n20, 129nn13–14, 174–75n8.

CLASSICAL, MEDIEVAL, OR EARLY ENGLISH LITERARY WORKS [Cite only the historic author in footnotes, then include all citation information in the bibliographic entry. For more information, see Turabian (9th ed.) 17.8.1.] 1

Augustine of Hippo, On the Trinity 1.4.7.

Augustine, On the Trinity 1.5.1.

Augustine of Hippo. “On the Trinity.” Translated by Arthur West Haddan. Edited by William G. T. Shedd. In A Select Library of the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church, edited by Philip Schaff, Series 1, vol. 3, St. Augustine: On the Holy Trinity, Doctrinal Treatises, Moral Treatises, 17–228. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature, 1887. Logos Bible Software.

ELECTRONIC BOOK Electronic Book (with page numbers) 1

Timothy S. Lane and Paul David Tripp, How People Change (Greensboro, NC: New Growth Press, 2008), 24, Kindle. 2

Lane and Tripp, How People Change, 56.

Lane, Timothy S., and Paul David Tripp. How People Change. Greensboro, NC: New Growth Press, 2008. Kindle. Electronic Book (without page numbers) [Page numbers are more precise and preferred wherever possible, even if this means finding a hard copy of the book in the library. Turabian discourages the use of “locations” (e.g., Loc 241) in footnotes. Instead, cite by chapter and section number (or by section name if section are unnumbered.] 1

Eugene H. Peterson, A Long Obedience in the Same Direction: Discipleship in an Instant Society, 2nd ed. (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2000), chap. 3, “Traveler’s Advisory,” para. 2, Kindle. 2

Peterson, A Long Obedience in the Same Direction, chap. 4, sec. 1, para. 5.

Peterson, Eugene H. A Long Obedience in the Same Direction: Discipleship in an Instant Society. 2nd ed. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2000. Kindle. [In the first example above (1), there are no section numbers, so the section title is listed. Also, for greater specificity, the paragraph number referred to is listed. In the second example ( 2), the first section of chapter 4 is untitled, so the section number is listed. Use the following abbreviations: “book” = bk., “part” = pt., “section” = sec., and “paragraph” = para. For more information concerning how to properly format electronic book sources in footnotes and bibliographies, see Turabian (9th ed.), 17.1.10, “Electronic Books.”] Electronic Book (online) 1

Robert Keith, The History of the Affairs of Church and State in Scotland: From the Beginning of the Reformation in the Reign of King James V. to the Retreat of Queen Mary into England, Anno 1568 (Edinburgh: Thomas and Walter Ruddimans, 1734), 51, Eighteenth Century Collections Online. 2

Keith, History of the Affairs in Scotland, 68.

Keith, Robert. The History of the Affairs of Church and State in Scotland: From the Beginning of the Reformation in the Reign of King James V. to the Retreat of Queen Mary into England, Anno 1568. Edinburgh: Thomas and Walter Ruddimans, 1734. Eighteenth Century Collections Online.

Electronic Book (Bible software) Koehler and Walter Baumgartner, “‫ידע‬,” in The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament, trans. and ed. M. E. J. Richardson (Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2000), Accordance Bible Software. 1Ludwig

Koehler and Baumgartner, “‫ידע‬.”

Koehler, Ludwig, and Walter Baumgartner. “‫ידע‬,” in The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. Translated and edited under M. E. J. Richardson. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2000. Accordance Bible Software. Electronic Book (chapters on different pages) [For this example, each chapter does not have a unique URL. In this case the chapter number is necessary to help indicate where the citation comes from.] “Of the Fall of Man, of Sin, and the Punishment thereof,” in The Westminster Confession of Faith 1646 (Center for Reformed Theology and Apologetics, 2017), chap. 6, http://www.reformed.org/documents/wcf_with_proofs. 1

“Of the Fall of Man,” chap. 6.

“Of the Fall of Man, of Sin, and the Punishment thereof.” In The Westminster Confession of Faith 1646. Center for Reformed Theology and Apologetics, 2017. http://www.reformed.org/documents/wcf_with_proofs. COMMENTARY [When you are citing a commentary, decide if it is part of a commentary series or a commentary set. This will determine which format to use.] Commentary Series (see Turabian 17.1.5) [The commentary series format is used when each book in a series has its own title and its own author. The series will also have a title. Include series volume number if available.] 1

F. F. Bruce, The Epistle to the Galatians: A Commentary on the Greek Text, New International Greek Testament Commentary (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 1982), 53. 2

Bruce, Galatians, 155.

Bruce, F. F. The Epistle to the Galatians: A Commentary on the Greek Text. New International Greek Testament Commentary. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 1982. Commentary Set (multiple authors) [The commentary set format is used when each book in the set has multiple authors included, even if the authors’ submissions are book length. For example, a commentary set might have Matthew and Mark bound together but the Matthew section is written by one author and the Mark section written by another.] [In this first example, Ecclesiastes is in italics because it is a book-length entry in the volume.] 69

Duane Garrett, Ecclesiastes, in vol. 5 of Zondervan Illustrated Bible Backgrounds Commentary, ed. John H. Walton (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2009), 510. 2

Garrett, Ecclesiastes, 515.

Garrett, Duane. Ecclesiastes. In vol. 5 of Zondervan Illustrated Bible Backgrounds Commentary. Edited by John H. Walton, 504–15. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2009. Commentary Set (single author) [Both the title of the volume and the multi-volume set are included alongside one another.] 1

John MacArthur, Matthew 1–7, The MacArthur New Testament Commentary (Chicago: Moody, 1985), 104. 2

MacArthur, Matthew 1–7, 156.

MacArthur, John. Matthew 1–7. The MacArthur New Testament Commentary. Chicago: Moody, 1985. Compilation Commentary 1

John L. Thompson, ed., Genesis 1–11, Reformation Commentary on Scripture, Old Testament I (Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2012), 53. 2

Thompson, Genesis 1–11, 78.

Thompson, John L. Genesis 1–11. Reformed Commentary on Scripture. Old Testament I. Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2012. Translated Commentary 1

Ernst Käsemann, Commentary on Romans, ed. and trans. Geoffrey W. Bromiley (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1980), 56. 2

Käsemann, Romans, 75.

Käsemann, Ernst. Commentary on Romans. Edited and translated by Geoffrey W. Bromiley. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1980. DICTIONARY WITH ARTICLE LENGTH ENTRIES [See “Single Chapter/Article in an Edited Book” above for a simple example. The example below assumes the editors for this volume did NOT edit all volumes in the series.] Aron Dotan, “Masorah,” in Encyclopedia Judaica, 2nd ed. (New York: Macmillan Reference, 2007), 13:623. 1

Dotan, “Masorah,” 637. 70

Dotan, Aron. “Masorah.” In vol. 13 of Encyclopedia Judaica, 2nd ed., 603–56. New York: Macmillan Reference, 2007. JOURNAL ARTICLE Print Journal Nadav Na’aman, “A New Appraisal of the Silver Amulets of Ketef Hinnom,” Israel Exploration Journal 61, no. 2 (2011): 190. 1

Na’aman, “A New Appraisal,” 192.

Na’aman, Nadav. “A New Appraisal of the Silver Amulets of Ketef Hinnom.” Israel Exploration Journal 61, no. 2 (2011): 184–95. Online Journal Andrew David Naselli, “12 Reasons You Should Pray Scripture,” Themelios 38, no. 3 (November 2013): 418, http://tgc-documents.s3.amazonaws.com/themelios/Themelios 38.3.pdf#page=67. 1

Naselli, “12 Reasons,” 421.

Naselli, Andrew David. “12 Reasons You Should Pray Scripture.” Themelios 38, no. 3 (November 2013): 417–25. http://tgc-documents.s3.amazonaws.com/themelios/Themelios 38.3.pdf#page=67. MAGAZINE ARTICLE Jeremy Weber, “God at Work Along the Refugee Highway,” Christianity Today, March 2016, 29. 1

Weber, “God at Work,” 33.

Weber, Jeremy. “God at Work Along the Refugee Highway.” Christianity Today, March 2016. NEWSPAPER ARTICLE [These articles may be cited in running text and omitted from footnotes and bibliography or cited in a footnote but excluded from the bibliography; therefore, no bibliography entry is shown below.] Edward Rothstein, “It’s a Bird! It’s a Plane! It’s an Origin Story!” Wall Street Journal, December 17, 2015, D5. 1

Rothstein, “It’s a Bird!,” D5.

[No bibliographic entry necessary for newspaper articles.] 71

BOOK REVIEW 1

Alexander E. Stewart, review of Recent Research on Revelation, by Russell S. Morton, Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 58, no. 3 (2015): 658. 2

Stewart, review of Recent Research on Revelation, 659.

Stewart, Alexander E. Review of Recent Research on Revelation, by Russell S. Morton. Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 58, no. 3 (2015): 658–60. THESIS/DISSERTATION Jason Shane DeRouchie, “A Call to Covenant Love: Text Grammar and Literary Structure in Deuteronomy 5–11” (PhD diss., The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, 2005), 76. 1

DeRouchie, “A Call to Covenant Love,” 135.

DeRouchie, Jason Shane. “A Call to Covenant Love: Text Grammar and Literary Structure in Deuteronomy 5–11.” PhD diss., The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, 2005. ACADEMIC PAPER PRESENTATION [Presented at a conference or meeting] Daniel I. Block, “The Deuteronomic Torah: A Call for Responsible and Compassionate Patricentrism” (paper presented at the annual meeting for the Evangelical Theological Society, Atlanta, Georgia, November 17–19, 2015). 1

Block, “The Deuteronomic Torah.”

Block, Daniel I. “The Deuteronomic Torah: A Call for Responsible and Compassionate Patricentrism.” Paper presented at the annual meeting for the Evangelical Theological Society, Atlanta, Georgia, November 17–19, 2015. CLASS LECTURE OR SERMON [Class lectures or notes should be cited sparingly. Sometimes, your professors will advise you to consult their lecture materials. If a sermon does not have a printed transcript, it should be cited but not quoted.] John David Trentham, “The Essence of Christian Discipleship,” unpublished class notes for 45150 (The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, Fall Semester, 2018), 4. 1

Trentham, “The Essence of Christian Discipleship,” 5.

Trentham, John David. “The Essence of Christian Discipleship.” Unpublished class notes for 45150. The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. Fall Semester, 2018.

WEBSITE [Material on websites may be cited in running text or mentioned in a footnote. Whether citing formally or informally, be sure to include the date when material was published or last modified since it is subject to frequent change. Include the access date only if there is no publication date or last modified date posted. This is a change from Turabian 8th ed.] Big change! [The example below does have a publication or last modified date, so there is no access date.] “Abstract of Principles,” The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary Beliefs, last modified May 15, 2002, http://www.sbts.edu/about/abstract/. 1

The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, “Abstract of Principles.”

The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. “Abstract of Principles.” The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary Beliefs. Last modified May 15, 2002. http://www.sbts.edu/about /abstract/. [The example below does not have a publication or modified date, so there is an access date.] Michael J. Svigel, “Orthodoxy in Retrospect,” RetroChristianity, accessed October 30, 2018, http://www.retrochristianity.org/orthodoxy-in-retrospect/. 1

Svigel, “Orthodoxy in Retrospect.”

Svigel, Michael J. “Orthodoxy in Retrospect.” RetroChristianity. Accessed October 30, 2018. http://www.retrochristianity.org/orthodoxy-in-retrospect/. BLOG ENTRY [Material on blogs may be cited in running text and omitted from footnotes and bibliography. Following is a more formal citation for such an article.] John Piper, “O Come, O Come Emmanuel,” Desiring God Blog, December 13, 2015, http://www.desiringgod.org/articles/o-come-o-come-emmanuel. 1

Piper, “O Come, O Come Emmanuel.”

Piper, John. “O Come, O Come Emmanuel.” Desiring God Blog, December 13, 2015. http://www.desiringgod.org/articles/o-come-o-come-emmanuel.

Here’s What You’ll Find in Chapter 6 A prospectus, thesis, dissertation, or doctoral project follows the general style guidelines but also requires some additional elements. Pay close attention to the front/end materials and details regarding chapters (6.10, 6.11). Be prepared to consult Turabian for questions not resolved in this Style Guide.

Front Materials (6.2) • Copyright Page • Title Page • Approval Sheet • Dedication Page • Table of Contents • List of Abbreviations • List of Tables • List of Figures • Preface

Chapters and footnotes (6.10, 6.11) • Every chapter will have its own number in addition to a title. • Front materials require lower-case Roman numerals; chapters use Arabic numerals which continue throughout the document. • Footnote numbers begin again with each chapter. The first time you cite a work in each chapter requires a full footnote citation. From that point until the end of the chapter use the short footnote citation (2.9).

CHAPTER 6 STYLE GUIDELINES FOR PROSPECTUSES, THESES, DISSERTATIONS, AND PROJECTS The style guidelines for prospectuses, theses, dissertations, and projects follow the General Style Guidelines discussed in chapter 1. Below are additional or exceptional guidelines that address the unique aspects of prospectuses, theses, dissertations, and D.Min. projects. Section 6.1 is specific to the prospectus. Sections 6.2–6.15 describe the elements of a thesis, dissertation, and project. In a later version of the style guide, sample pages will be added to this chapter. In the meantime, please see the “Dissertation Example” under the resources tab on the Writing Center website (www.sbts.edu/writing/resources, then scroll down) 6.1 Prospectus For the title page of a prospectus, see 6.4 “Title Page.” Text-based Ph.D. prospectuses should include the following seven sections (using first-level subheadings as demonstrated below). (Professional doctoral students should follow instructions provided by the PDS office. Ed.D. students should consult the Ed.D. Program Handbook for guidelines regarding the organization and development of the prospectus.) Thesis Methodology Historical Summary of the Research Significance Argument Timeline 75

Bibliography Each section is described below. The prospectus should be 3000 words in length, not including footnotes or bibliography. 6.1.1 Thesis This section should include the research question as well as a clear thesis statement. 6.1.2 Methodology This section should include a summary of the methods you will employ to advance your thesis. 6.1.3 Historical Summary of the Research This section summarizes the history of the research previously completed in the field, showing the state of research prior to this doctoral work’s contribution. 6.1.4 Significance This section shows the significance of the research for the field of study, demonstrating the need for the research to be done. 6.1.5 Argument This section is a detailed explanation of the dissertation’s argument in paragraph form, not outline form. 6.1.6 Timeline This section offers a timeline for the completion of the research. 6.1.7 Bibliography

6.2 Order of Pages for Dissertations, Theses, Projects Copyright Page

Not counted

No page number

Not numbered

Approval Sheet

Dedication Page

Not required

Counted (i) but no page number visible Counted (ii) but no page number visible Counted (iii) but no page number visible

Table of Contents

Counted (iv) (iii if no dedication page)

Lower case Roman numerals

List of Abbreviations

Required if used

List of Tables

List of Figures or Music Examples

Roman numerals

Body of Text

Arabic numerals beginning with “1”

Arabic numerals

Bibliography

Not numbered Not numbered

The title page should not show a page number. If there is any front matter, it should be paginated with lower case Roman numerals. Use Arabic numerals beginning with the first page of text (page “1”) and continuing throughout the rest of the paper, including sections subsequent to the main body of the paper (i.e., appendix, bibliography). Center all page numbers below the bottom margin, 0.7 inch from the bottom of the sheet. 6.3 Copyright Page The copyright page should include the word “Copyright,” followed by the copyright symbol, followed by the anticipated year of graduation, followed by the author’s full legal name (no initials). Below this line, the copyright notice should appear single-spaced and read, “All rights reserved. The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary has permission to reproduce and

disseminate this document in any form by any means for purposes chosen by the Seminary, including, without limitation, preservation or instruction.” 6.4 Title Page The layout of the title page for a prospectus, thesis, dissertation, or D.Min. project follows the instructions discussed on “2.2 Title Page” with the following exceptions. The second item of information identifies the work as either a “Prospectus,” “Thesis,” “Dissertation,” or “Project.” This work is presented to “the Faculty of / The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary” (not to an individual faculty member). The third item of information identifies the degree for which this project is a requirement, “In Partial Fulfillment / of the Requirements for the Degree [type of degree].” 6.5 Approval Sheet The heading “APPROVAL SHEET” (bold and in all CAPS) appears centered 2 inches from the top of the page. On the third single-spaced line below that heading, center the title of the work (double-spaced and in all CAPS, as on the title page). On the fourth singlespaced line below the title, print your full name (do not use all CAPS or include the word “by”). On the fourth single-spaced line below your name, include “Read and Approved by:” left justified. On the fourth single-spaced line below this, include a 3.5-inch solid line, indented 0.7 inch. On the next single-spaced line, indent 0.7 inch and type the formal name of the chair (for Ed.D., D.Miss., or Ph.D. students) or faculty supervisor (for D.Min. or D.Ed.Min. students) of your supervisory committee followed by the parenthesis “(Chair)” or “(Faculty Supervisor),” respectively. On the fourth single-spaced line below the name of the chair or faculty supervisor, include another 3.5-inch solid line, indented 0.7 inch. On the next single-spaced line, indent 0.7 inch and type the formal name of the second reader of your supervisory committee (no parenthetical designation follows this name). If your supervisory committee has a third member, include a third solid line and name, following the previous instructions. Do not include a line for

an external reader, even if an external reader serves as the third member of your supervisory committee. D.Min. projects have two signature lines. The name is followed by the parenthesis “(Faculty Supervisor).” Th.M. theses will include only a single name line followed by the parenthesis “(Faculty Advisor).” On the fourth line below the name of the last reader, type the word “Date” left justified followed by a 2.5-inch solid line. Consult the Seminary catalog for the formal name of the members of your supervisory committee. Do not add professional titles before or degrees after the formal name. 6.6 Dedication Page A dedication page is optional. The dedication appears centered and in the middle of the page. Use double-spacing (i.e., “exactly 24 point”). 6.7 Table of Contents The heading “TABLE OF CONTENTS” (in all CAPS) appears 2 inches from the top of the page. On the third line below the heading, the word “Page” should appear right justified. Use double-spacing for the contents of the table that follow. The entries correspond to chapters, headings, and subheadings which follow the table of contents. If the chapter title, heading, or subheading of any entry is too long for one line, subdivide the entry and single-space, leaving at least a 0.5-inch space between any portion of the chapter title and the page number. Align the second line of a chapter title with the first line. The second line of a subheading should be indented 0.35 inch more than the first line of that subheading. Major headings (such as LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS, PREFACE, and BIBLIOGRAPHY) appear in all CAPS. Chapter titles and appendix titles are also in all CAPS. The words “Chapter” and “Appendix” should appear left-justified before the entries of chapter titles and appendix titles. All other levels of heading are capitalized headline style (see Turabian 22.3.1.1).

Include all subheadings with their page locations in the table of contents unless doing so would lengthen the table to more than four pages. In such cases, the table of contents may be limited to first- and second-level subheadings or to first-level subheadings only. Chapter titles are preceded by the chapter number, a period, and the spacing created by the computer. The chapter number is indented 0.35 inch from the left margin. First-level subheadings are indented 0.35 inch from the position of the chapter number (0.70 inch from the left margin). Each level subheading is indented 0.35 inch more than the previous level. Leaders from an entry to its page number should be arranged using periods (not dashes, solid lines, or other characters). Page numbers are justified to the right margin; the last number of each page reference should line up vertically. Subsequent pages of a table of contents begin at the top (1-inch) margin with the word “Chapter” left-justified and the word “Page” right-justified. However, if no new chapter is listed on a subsequent page, omit the word “Chapter.” The next line continues the sequence of entries from the previous page. Each page in the table of contents is numbered with lower case Roman numerals centered at the bottom of each page (beginning with either iii or iv, depending on whether or not a dedication page is included). 6.8 Lists in Preliminary Pages If a list of tables, figures, or examples contains more than 9 entries, indent the first 9 entries so that the periods after the two-digit numbers align with the periods after the single-digit numbers. In a list of abbreviations, four blank spaces must appear between the longest abbreviation and its descriptive text. Once the ruler position of the start of the longest abbreviation’s descriptive text is determined, create a left align tab stop for that position and apply it to all entries in the list (logically, shorter abbreviations will have more spaces between 80

their entries and their descriptive text). What should be included in your list? Titles of sources used so frequently in your footnotes that the abbreviation helps declutter the footnotes (e.g., titles of commentary series, titles of journals, specialty dictionaries or lexicons.) The list should not include abbreviations of versions for the Bible, names of churches, programs, institutions (e.g., the IMB). To abbreviate any of those, when you first mention the name, write it out fully and insert the abbreviation in parentheses and then finish the sentence. Then use the abbreviation thereafter. It does not need to be fully written out in any other chapter. [For example: “The bylaws of First Baptist Church of Reedsburg (FBCR) concur with this stance. Further, FBCR’s bylaws state . . .” ] 6.9 Preface The preface is a place to acknowledge the influence, assistance, or support of individuals or organizations throughout the course of your education and/or particularly during the course of writing the dissertation, thesis, or project. It is also a place for personal reflection; as such, it should not include any argumentation of or discussion about your thesis. Mention your supervisor by name and mention his or her efforts on your behalf. A thank you to SBTS would not go amiss either. The heading “PREFACE” (in all CAPS) appears 2 inches from the top of the page. The preface begins on the third line below the heading. The author’s name (informal is permissible only here) appears on the third line below the last line of the preface, right-justified. The city and state of composition appears on the next line, left-justified. Do not abbreviate the state name. The month and year of anticipated graduation appears on the next line. Use standard dating (month, day, year). Do not abbreviate the month. 6.10 Body of the Text On the first page of each chapter, the word “CHAPTER” in all CAPS, followed by its corresponding Arabic numeral, should appear 2 inches from the top of the sheet (see also “2.5

First Page of Text”). The chapter title is placed in all CAPS on the second single-spaced line below the word “CHAPTER.” If the chapter title is more than 4 inches long, it must be divided, arranged inverted pyramid style (i.e., each subsequent line is shorter than the line above it), and be single-spaced. The title of the dissertation, thesis, or project never serves as the title of chapter 1. Instead, use “Introduction” as the title for chapter 1, unless your supervisor approves some other title. The first line of text is placed on the third single-spaced line below the chapter title. The spacing between the chapter title and the first line of text is the same as between the last line of text and a subheading (see also “2.7 Subheading”). Line spacing, indentation, and block quotation guidelines all conform to previous sections of this manual (see “1.3 Line Spacing” and “2.8 Indentations”). Begin using Arabic numerals for the pagination of the body of the text (see also “6.2 Order of Pages”). The first page of chapter 1 is always page 1. 6.11 Footnotes Footnotes are numbered consecutively, starting over with number 1 at the beginning of each chapter. Footnote entries must be given in full the first time a work is cited. However, first references may use abbreviations given in a List of Abbreviations at the beginning of your work. Subsequent references within a chapter should be shortened (see also “2.9 Footnotes,” chapter 5 “Footnote and Bibliographic Forms,” and Turabian chapter 16). 6.12 Appendices If your work has one appendix, the heading “APPENDIX” (in all CAPS) should appear 2 inches below the top of the page. The text of the appendix follows on the third singlespaced line below the heading. If you wish to give the appendix a title, place the title below the heading, like a chapter title (see “6.7 Table of Contents” and “6.10 Body of Text”). If you have more than one appendix, you must number each appendix as you do chapters (APPENDIX 1,

APPENDIX 2, etc.), and each must have its own title. As with chapters, the pagination of your work continues successively through the appendix or appendices with the page numbers centered at the bottom margin. 6.13 Bibliography All dissertations, theses, and projects must include a bibliography. Spacing, formatting, and page layout are the same as for research papers (see “2.11 Bibliography”), except for the left and right margins, which for all doctoral manuscripts should be 1.25 inches. Bibliographic entries should be alphabetized (see “2.11.2 Arrangement” and Turabian 16.2.2 “Arrangement of Entries”). Turabian 16.2.2 recommends no bibliographic subdivisions. However, a bibliography may be divided among books, articles, theses and dissertations, and unpublished materials (in that order). If your professor instructs you to subdivide your bibliography into types of resources, ask your instructor which categories to use for types of resources. Use first-level subheading to divide the bibliography (see instructions in “2.7 Subheadings”). Leave one empty single-spaced line between a subhead and the first entry under that subhead. It may also be desirable to separate primary and secondary works. The works in each section of a bibliography must be arranged alphabetically. Consult with your committee their preference. 6.14 Abstract The abstract of the thesis, dissertation, or project presents a brief synopsis of the work. It will appear in a database along with bibliographic information on your thesis, dissertation, or project. The abstract should include (1) the complete title of your work as it appears on the title page (but single-spaced), (2) your full legal name as it appears on the title page, (3) the degree for which the thesis, dissertation, or project was written, which also appears on the title page, (4) your institution (i.e., The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary), (5) the year of submission, (6) the name of your chair or faculty supervisor, and (7) the body of the abstract, which may not

exceed 350 words for dissertations or 150 words for theses and projects. 6.15 Vita The vita provides brief autobiographical information. It should appear on a page by itself after the bibliography and should not be more than one page. It includes the following categories of information: author’s name, education (e.g., colleges, universities, and seminaries attended and degrees conferred), academic publications if any (only include peer-reviewed or edited works), professional organizations (e.g., Society of Biblical Literature, Evangelical Theological Society), and academic and ministerial employment. Each category should appear in CAPS and be left-justified. The items under each category should appear single-spaced and indented 0.7 inch. One empty single-spaced line should separate each category. Do not include seminar papers, conference papers, materials prepared for a project, your thesis, or dissertation. Only peer-reviewed articles and scholarly books you have published should be included in the vita. 6.16 Using Color The primary color of the document, including text, graphics, and appendixes, should be black on white. However, color is allowed in rare situations when permission is granted in advance by the doctoral studies office. (Supervisors cannot grant this permission.) In graphics or appendixes, color is permitted only when it has a functional and necessary purpose (e.g., using colored diagrams to illustrate the synoptic problem). Colors are not permitted for purely aesthetic reasons. If you are submitting your document electronically to ProQuest (this applies to all doctoral dissertations, theses, and projects), you should format URLs into hyperlinks that should appear underlined and in the default blue color associated with hyperlinks. 6.17 Line Spacing Doctoral pages should always use “exactly 24 point” instead of double spacing. (See “1.3 Line Spacing.”) 84

INDEX Abbreviations, 4.9 of books in the Bible, 5.4 of ancient texts, 4.9 of canon divisions, 4.9 of modern editions, 4.9 of modern versions, 4.9 of New Testament books, 4.9 of Old Testament books, 4.9 of state names in bib, 4.9

Multi-line chapter title, 1.3

Bible books abbreviated, 4.9

Dashes, 4.3

Bibliography, 2.11 Alphabetical order, 2.11.1 Arrangement, 2.11.1 Author with multiple works, 2.11.2 Example, in Res Paper Quick Guide; 2.11.4; and before chap. 1 Formatting, 2.11 Order Spacing, 2.11.1 Title, 2.11

Dissertations, chap 6 Abstract, 6.14 Approval sheet, 6.5 Appendix, 6.12 Bibliography, 6.13 Body of Text, 6.10 Copyright page, 6.2 Dedication page, 6.6 Footnotes, 6.11 Lists in Prelim Pages, 6.8 Order of pages, 6.2 Preface, 6.9 Table of Contents, 6.7 Title page, 6.4 Using color, 6.16 Vita, 6.15

Citations, after 5.4 SBTS Citation Quick Guide, 5.5 Commas in a Series (Serial or Oxford Comma), 4.5 Commentaries, 5.3

Block quotation, 2.8.1 Book Review Conclusions, 3.4.3 Critical Analysis, 3.4.3 Critical Evaluation, 3.4.3 Divisions, 3.4 Example, after 3.4.4 Introduction, 3.4.1 Quick Guide, Appendix Sections Intro, 3.4.1 Summary, 3.4.2 Critical Eval, 3.4.3 Conclusion, 3.4.4 Subheadings (see sections) Summary, 3.4.2 Title page, 3.4

Double space vs. “exactly 24 pt�, 1.3; Doctoral students 6.7 Ellipsis, 2.11.4; 4.1 Figures, 4.12.2 (list of), 2.4 First page of text, 2.5 Course identification, 2.2.3 First-level subheading, 2.7.1 Example of, 2.11.4

Capitalization List, 4.10 Chapter title

Body text, 1.2 Double-spaced versus 24 pt font, 1.3 Footnotes, 1.2; 1.3

Numerical Sequences, 4.8 Numbers, 4.7 Formatting, 4.7 Percent, 4.7.1, 4.7.2 Page numbers, 1.4, 2.1

Headings, 1.2 Hebrew/Greek, 1.2 Single-space versus 12 point font, 1.3 Footnotes, 2.9; 5.3.2 Abbreviations of states (and when to include), 4.9.1 Authors’ names, 5.2; 5.3.2.2 Continued on next page, 2.9 Examples of 2.11.4; 5.3.2 Ibid., 5.1 Indenting, 1.6 Shortened, 5.1 Size, 2.9 Spacing of footnote’s first word, 2.9

Page Numbers, 1.5; 2.1 Paragraphs Indenting first line, 1.6 Projects (doctoral), chap 6 Prospectus, 6.1 Punctuation, 4.1 Brackets, 4.4 Colons, 4.5 Commas, 4.6 In a series, 4.6 Dashes, 4.3 Ellipses, 4.2 Oxford commas, 4.6 Parentheses, 4.4 Periods, 4.1 Quotation marks, 4.5 Serial commas, 4.6 Semicolons, 4.5

Foreign words, 1.2 Hebrew, 1.2; 4.11.1 Honor Code, 1.7 Ibid., 5.1 Indenting Footnotes’ first line, 1.6 Paragraphs, 1.6 Indentation, 2.8

Quick Guide Book Review Quick Guide, appendix Research Paper Quick Guide, appendix SBTS Citation Quick Guide, chap 5

In-text list, 2.11.4 Inverted pyramid Titles, 2.2.1

Quotations Block quotations, 2.8.1 Inserting parentheses in “ “, 4.3 Multiple-line quotations, 1.3 Punctuation, 4.4 Square brackets, 4.3

Italics, 1.2 Line Spacing, 1.3; 6.10 Lists, 2.10 In-text list example, 2.11.4

Research Paper Example, 2.12 Research Paper QuickGuide, xi

List of Tables, Examples, or Figures, 2.4; 2.11.4

Second-level subheading, 2.7.2 Margins, 1.4 Bibliography top margin, 2.11 Doctoral papers, 1.4

Shortened form footnotes, 5.1; 5.5 (in each example)

Ibid., 5.1 Tables (list of), 2.4; 4.12; 4.12.1 Numbers in tables, 4.7.2

Single-spacing, 1.3 Appendix titles, Bibliography entries, 2.11.1 Block quotations, 1.4; 2.8 Chapter titles, 1.3 - Table 1 “Exactly 12 pt,� Figure titles, 1.3 - Table 1 Footnotes, 1.3 Subheadings (multiple lines), Table titles, 1.3

Thesis, chap 6 Third-level subheading, 2.7.3 Titles Difference of placement on title page and first page of text, 2.5 Titles on title page, 2.2.1 Titles on first page of paper, 2.5

SBL Handbook, 4.9; 4.10 Spacing (see Line Spacing), 1.3; 6.10 Spacing before subheadings, 2.7 Spacing between paragraphs, 1.3

Title Page, 2.2 Attribution of Authorship, 2.2.4 Course identification, 2.2.3 Example title page, 2.2.5 Professor identification Type of Work, 2.2.2

Subheadings, 2.7 First-level subheadings, 2.7.1 Second-level subheadings, 2.7.2 Spacing before subheadings, 2.7 Third-level subheadings, 2.7.3

Titles Dissertation and theses titles, 1.3 Length, 2.2.1 Paper titles, 1.3, 2.2.1

State Abbreviations in citations, 4.9.1 Transliteration, 4.11 Superscript footnotes, 2.9 Turabian, pg vii Tabs, 2.8 Type of Work, 2.2.2 Table of Contents, 2.3, 6.7

Where can I get writing templates?

Does SBTS have Microsoft Word templates for writing research papers and book reviews?

The SBTS Writing Center produces  templates for MS Word and many other resources to help with your writing assignments.  

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• SBTS Writing Center
• Last Updated Jun 10, 2021
• Answered By John Merritt

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Common Assignments: Research Position Papers

If you have been an online student long enough, you have likely noticed significant overlaps between the types of assignments you encounter. One of those assignments is a Research or Position Paper. As a rule, always check the course syllabus for specific assignment guidelines and nuances.

What is a Research/Position Paper?

The research and position papers are foundational assignments in theological education, designed to provide you with the time and space to research a given topic directly related to the course. These papers will often be cumulative assignments for courses. They will stretch you to deepen your knowledge of the course’s given subject(s) and apply this knowledge through prolonged written argumentation.  Some courses will provide flexibility on the defined research topic.  Other courses will have you write a paper based on a predefined research topic.

Why Write Research/Position Papers?

The research and position papers have multiple purposes. First, the cumulative nature of the research or position paper is the primary means by which you will show a comprehensive understanding of a specific course topic. Where an exam or a book review is helpful in grasping student knowledge, a research or position paper is often the “meat on the bones” of a course. A reflection or preaching assignment might focus more on the dogmatics of a text, and a position paper can focus on the debates surrounding the interpretation of a text. The research or position paper introduces you to the greater intellectual conversation of a given prompt. Second, the research or position paper will stretch your writing and research skills. The skills needed to write good sermon manuscripts are not necessarily the same skills needed to write good research or position papers. Both kinds of writing are important to the development of good pastors and leaders within the life of the local church. Just as different kinds of speech are needed in different times and places, different kinds of writing are needed depending on the context.

What is in a Research/Position Paper?

The contents of a research or position paper may differ slightly, but the core of each will remain fundamentally the same. Since the goal of both is to develop an argument based on a specific thesis, the following items will be essential to each paper type:

Developed Thesis and Argumentation

A developed thesis is the most important aspect of any paper. The thesis answers the question, “What is this paper about?” and helps guide the author and reader in the progression of thought in the paper. A concise and explicit thesis statement shapes the whole research process, the amount of writing needed for the paper, and the quality of the final paper. A meandering or unclear thesis only provides confusion to an assignment that is intended to produce clarity on a given topic.

2. Quality Research

Just as a developed thesis is a barometer of a good paper, the amount and quality of research will help students work through lots of information to develop a paper that is able to argue in favor of their position aptly. A paper with underdeveloped research often runs into problems with either clarity or accuracy. That is, if you have not adequately engaged the source material in your thesis, you may end up writing a paper that lacks clarity. Or, you may end up writing a paper that lacks accuracy by failing to account for available data properly. By contrast, an overdeveloped research paper can run into problems with clarity of a different sort. An overdeveloped paper will often have too much source information with not enough analysis or original material. Papers should showcase the students’ analysis of the topic, not the source information’s original thoughts.

Tyler is an Instructional Designer in the Global Campus and is completing his Master of Divinity.

Crafting Quality Research Questions

Research quick guide: using library e-books.

The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary

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Dissertation submission.

Electronic Theses & Dissertations Starting in the Spring 2011 semester, all dissertations and theses submitted at the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary will occur electronically. Such dissertations and theses are commonly referred to in academic circles as electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs).

An ETD is an openly-accessible electronic version of your thesis/dissertation/project that will be kept by the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. For theses and dissertations produced in the research doctoral program, this electronic copy will be kept in addition to a bound, paper copy. The transition to ETDs is a cooperative effort between the Doctoral Studies Department, the Professional Doctoral Studies Department, and the Library. All the information presented here comes from these sources and represents the official policies of Southern Seminary.

How do I submit my thesis/dissertation/project? Students submitting dissertations or theses may do so at http://www.etdadmin.com/sbts . Students with questions about procedure for the dissertation submission process should consult the Dissertation Process page on the doctoral website.

Students submitting professional doctoral projects may do so at http://www.etdadmin.com/sbts.pdp . The seminary also provides a Microsoft Word template to assist in the formatting of your dissertation.

Step-by-step instructions are provided at these sites, and formatting guidelines are provided in Southern Seminary’s Manual of Style .

What are the benefits of open access for my thesis/dissertation/project?

• Greater visibility helps improve your reputation in your field. Many scholars today do their initial searching on a topic online. Scholars seeking to build their reputation need to make their work accessible in forms actually used by potential colleagues and employers .
• Scholarly communication happens very quickly today. Internet availability is much more beneficial than the long delays and added costs that accompanied library processing and lending of print theses/dissertations.
• Your thesis/dissertation will become part of a growing international collection of ETDs through the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
• Because your work, and the fact that it is your work, will be easy to find, it will be much harder for anyone to appropriate your research without giving you credit.
• Research shows that scholarship available on the internet through open access is cited more often, and is cited sooner, than work that is available only through a subscription or the loan of a print copy.
• Multimedia objects, including color images, hyperlinks, audio, video, spreadsheets and databases, even virtual reality worlds can be easily incorporated into your dissertation and can readily be made available to all of your readers.
• A stable URL for your work can be included in a CV and sent by e-mail to colleagues and to hiring committees. Because our database is OAI compliant, your work also will be found by major search tools.
• Open access more fully embodies the goal of the thesis/dissertation to be a public contribution to scholarship. On the internet your work can reach an audience whose interest in it may have been unforeseeable. New possibilities for interdisciplinary or cross-disciplinary research, and the formation of unexpected research collaborations, are created by open access to scholarship.

The content on this page was adapted with the permission of the Duke University Graduate School.

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PDS Writing Resources

Throughout the writing process there are a number of resources that we’ve designed to help students along the way:

PDS Writing Guide

James P. Boyce Centennial Library  (SBTS Library Website)

Library Resources for Distance Students

Canvas Submission Instructions

Writing Center Doctoral Resources Page

Ministry Research Project

• Outline for Ministry Research Project Proposal  (Requirements apply to ALL proposal submissions.)
• Project Proposal Template
• Goal Development Worksheet
• Goal Analysis – T-Test for Dependent Samples
• T-Test for Dependent Sample EXAMPLE
• Example of Instruments
• Evaluation Rubric Template
• Project Proposal Sample A
• Project Proposal Sample B
• Task List to Write a Single Chapter  (Chapter 2 Example)

Research Thesis

• PDS Research Thesis Request Form
• Outline for PDS Research Thesis Proposal
• Research Thesis Example A
• Research Thesis Example B

Style Reading

Style related resources.

Southern Seminary Style Manual

Style Guides and Templates

Style Reading Checklist

Common Grammatical and Stylistic Errors

Preliminary Style Reading

The first style reading is usually administered while the student is in Contextualized Writing Seminar 2, after the proposal has been approved by an assigned supervisor.

With this online PDF submission, a completed and signed copy of the  Style Reading Checklist  should be included.

Please note that all of these items should be reflective of the work included to date (ie. page numbers on the table of contents should be included to date, the bibliography should be complete to date, etc.)

Failure to comply with the Southern Seminary Manual of Style may result in the charge of resubmission fees.

In addition to these items, students should also take time to revise their chapter one (previously the project proposal) to reflect a proper chapter one. This includes:

• Removal of the chapter designations in the bibliography (Ministry Project)
• Replace the proposed bibliography with the actual bibliography (Research Thesis and Ministry Project)
• Language throughout the chapter should be updated to reflect past tense rather than future (Ministry Project)
• Removal of the proposed calendar (Ministry Project)
• Removal of chapter outlines (Research Thesis)

This initial reading is meant to advise the student as to how successful they have been in interpreting and implementing Southern’s manual of style. The style reader’s comments will be returned by email with a copy kept on file in the PDS office.

Defense Draft Style Reading

The second style reading takes place as the student is preparing for oral defense.  With this online PDF submission, a completed and signed copy of the  Style Reading Checklist  should be included.

The style reader will return any comments to the student to review before uploading the final submission, following a successful defense hearing.

The student who intends to graduate must also submit a PDF version of their completed and approved project or thesis to the Professional Doctoral Studies office by emailing it to  [email protected]  (see  Graduation Guidelines  for more info).

Students should also submit the pdf version of their project for a style reading via the link below. A completed and signed copy of the  Style Reading Checklist  should be included.

Ethics Committee Forms

All students doing a Ministry Research Project must submit a Research Profile for approval by their supervisor and the Research Ethics Committee prior to conducting the research project and/or any work with human subjects. Use all documents below in creating the Research Profile.

Students will submit the Research Profile to the Professional Doctoral Studies office at any point following final proposal approval and prior to implementing the project. Once the supervisor has signed the approval page, please send a PDF version to  [email protected]  for approval of the Research Ethics Committee. Contact our office with any questions regarding these forms.

• Permission to Use Human Subjects in Research  (How to create a Research Profile.)
• Risk Assessment and Informed Consent Guide  (How to use Informed Consent in your research instruments.)
• Approvals for Using Human Subjects  (Ethics Committee Profile checklist included)
• Assessment of Risk to Human Subjects in Research

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Templates for research profiles, dissertations, and doctoral projects.  Please refer to RDS Commons on Canvas for these and other writing resources.

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