Formulating a Research Problem
- First Online: 01 January 2022
Cite this chapter
- Sergey K. Aityan 2
Part of the book series: Classroom Companion: Business ((CCB))
3476 Accesses
Any research starts with a question, the answer to which is unknown or unavailable. The research is completed when the answer is found. Carefully selecting and developing the research problem and then clearly and accurately stating it are critical steps in the research process. These steps should include selecting a manageable portion of the research area or topic for study. Clearly, accurately, and unambiguously stated research problem is easier to solve. One can say “a problem well put is a problem half solved.”
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
- Available as EPUB and PDF
- Read on any device
- Instant download
- Own it forever
- Durable hardcover edition
- Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
- Free shipping worldwide - see info
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Institutional subscriptions
Author information
Authors and affiliations.
Lincoln University - California, Oakland, CA, USA
Sergey K. Aityan
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar
Corresponding author
Correspondence to Sergey K. Aityan .
Rights and permissions
Reprints and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Aityan, S.K. (2022). Formulating a Research Problem. In: Business Research Methodology. Classroom Companion: Business. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76857-7_4
Download citation
DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76857-7_4
Published : 01 January 2022
Publisher Name : Springer, Cham
Print ISBN : 978-3-030-76856-0
Online ISBN : 978-3-030-76857-7
eBook Packages : Business and Management Business and Management (R0)
Share this chapter
Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:
Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.
Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative
- Publish with us
Policies and ethics
- Find a journal
- Track your research
Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.
To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser .
Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.
- We're Hiring!
- Help Center
LECTURE FORMULATING A RESEARCH PROBLEM
Lecture notes on the formulation of a research problem when you want to conduct a research
Related Papers
Abu Mahmoud Harazneh
Othniel Kighir
Manu Mathew
Princy Jain
Belete Bantealem Belay
mesfin zebbene tedla
Racidon Bernarte , angelina borican
Journal of Educational …
Karen Y. Holmes
Maamar Missoum
Course Objectives: The overall objective of this course is to help students develop some key research skills for academic, professional and life purposes.
MASEREKA GILBERT
RELATED PAPERS
Zeitsprünge 24 (2020), Heft 1/2
Walid Saleh
Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three
Jakob Krais
BMC Biology
Philippe Janvier
Nanoscale research letters
Olga Starostenko
María Pérez Ruiz
Antioxidants
Maram Aboulwafa
Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies
ARMIDA GONZALEZ LORENCE
Stephen Stockwell
Centro de Pesquisas Avançadas em Qualidade de Vida
Larissa Salgado de Oliveira Rocha
Astadi Pangarso
Lou Schmitt
The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
Christian Bressler
Anuario De Filosofia Del Derecho
Richard George
Journal of Hospital Administration
Tomonori Hasegawa
Bioètica & debat: tribuna abierta del Institut Borja de Bioètica
Nuria Amarilla
Tokushu kyōikugaku kenkyū
Tsuyoshi Sashima
Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi)
Lý Phạm Thị
Journal of Solar Energy Engineering-transactions of The Asme
Andrea Pedretti
IEE proceedings
Kwai Man Luk
Technium Social Sciences Journal
Greg Mapacpac
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Giuseppina Laganà
RELATED TOPICS
- We're Hiring!
- Help Center
- Find new research papers in:
- Health Sciences
- Earth Sciences
- Cognitive Science
- Mathematics
- Computer Science
- Academia ©2024
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
- Talking with Your Healthcare Provider
- Birth Defects Statistics
- Birth Defects Resources
- Birth Defects Awareness Month
- Living with Down Syndrome
- Conversation Tips
- Growth Charts for Down Syndrome
- Accessing NBDPS and BD-STEPS Data
- Birth Defects Awareness Month Social Media Resources
- About Alcohol Use During Pregnancy
About Down Syndrome
- Down syndrome is a genetic condition where a person is born with an extra chromosome.
- This can affect how their brain and body develop.
- People diagnosed with Down syndrome can lead healthy lives with supportive care.
Down syndrome is a condition in which a person has an extra copy of chromosome 21. Chromosomes are small "packages" of genes in the body's cells, which determine how the body forms and functions.
When babies are growing, the extra chromosome changes how their body and brain develop. This can cause both physical and mental challenges.
People with Down syndrome often have developmental challenges, such as being slower to learn to speak than other children.
Distinct physical signs of Down syndrome are usually present at birth and become more apparent as the baby grows. They can include facial features, such as:
- A flattened face, especially the bridge of the nose
- Almond-shaped eyes that slant up
- A tongue that tends to stick out of the mouth
Other physical signs can include:
- A short neck
- Small ears, hands, and feet
- A single line across the palm of the hand (palmar crease)
- Small pinky fingers
- Poor muscle tone or loose joints
- Shorter-than-average height
Some people with Down syndrome have other medical problems as well. Common health problems include:
- Congenital heart defects
- Hearing loss
- Obstructive sleep apnea
Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal condition diagnosed in the United States. Each year, about 5,700 babies born in the US have Down syndrome. 1
There are three types of Down syndrome. The physical features and behaviors are similar for all three types.
With Trisomy 21, each cell in the body has three separate copies of chromosome 21. About 95% of people with Down syndrome have Trisomy 21.
Translocation Down syndrome
In this type, an extra part or a whole extra chromosome 21 is present. However, the extra chromosome is attached or "trans-located" to a different chromosome rather than being a separate chromosome 21. This type accounts for about 3% of people with Down syndrome.
Mosaic Down syndrome
Mosaic means mixture or combination. In this type, some cells have three copies of chromosome 21, but other cells have the typical two copies. People with mosaic Down syndrome may have fewer features of the condition. This type accounts for about 2% of people with Down syndrome.
Risk factors
We don't know for sure why Down syndrome occurs or how many different factors play a role. We do know that some things can affect your risk of having a baby with Down syndrome.
One factor is your age when you get pregnant. The risk of having a baby with Down syndrome increases with age, especially if you are 35 years or older when you get pregnant. 2 3 4
However, the majority of babies with Down syndrome are still born to mothers less than 35 years old. This is because there are many more births among younger women. 5 6
Regardless of age, parents who have one child with Down syndrome are at an increased risk of having another child with Down syndrome. 7
Screening and diagnosis
There are two types of tests available to detect Down syndrome during pregnancy: screening tests and diagnostic tests. A screening test can tell you if your pregnancy has a higher chance of being affected Down syndrome. Screening tests don't provide an absolute diagnosis.
Diagnostic tests can typically detect if a baby will have Down syndrome, but they carry more risk. Neither screening nor diagnostic tests can predict the full impact of Down syndrome on a baby.
The views of these organizations are their own and do not reflect the official position of CDC.
Down Syndrome Resource Foundation (DSRF) : The DSRF supports people living with Down syndrome and their families with individualized and leading-edge educational programs, health services, information resources, and rich social connections so each person can flourish in their own right.
GiGi's Playhouse : GiGi's Playhouse provides free educational, therapeutic-based, and career development programs for individuals with Down syndrome, their families, and the community, through a replicable playhouse model.
Global Down Syndrome Foundation : This foundation is dedicated to significantly improving the lives of people with Down syndrome through research, medical care, education and advocacy.
National Association for Down Syndrome : The National Association for Down Syndrome supports all persons with Down syndrome in achieving their full potential. They seek to help families, educate the public, address social issues and challenges, and facilitate active participation.
National Down Syndrome Society (NDSS) : NDSS seeks to increase awareness and acceptance of those with Down syndrome.
- Stallings, E. B., Isenburg, J. L., Rutkowski, R. E., Kirby, R. S., Nembhard, W.N., Sandidge, T., Villavicencio, S., Nguyen, H. H., McMahon, D. M., Nestoridi, E., Pabst, L. J., for the National Birth Defects Prevention Network. National population-based estimates for major birth defects, 2016–2020. Birth Defects Research. 2024 Jan;116(1), e2301.
- Allen EG, Freeman SB, Druschel C, et al. Maternal age and risk for trisomy 21 assessed by the origin of chromosome nondisjunction: a report from the Atlanta and National Down Syndrome Projects. Hum Genet. 2009 Feb;125(1):41-52.
- Ghosh S, Feingold E, Dey SK. Etiology of Down syndrome: Evidence for consistent association among altered meiotic recombination, nondisjunction, and maternal age across populations. Am J Med Genet A. 2009 Jul;149A(7):1415-20.
- Sherman SL, Allen EG, Bean LH, Freeman SB. Epidemiology of Down syndrome. Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev. 2007;13(3):221-7.
- Olsen CL, Cross PK, Gensburg LJ, Hughes JP. The effects of prenatal diagnosis, population ageing, and changing fertility rates on the live birth prevalence of Down syndrome in New York State, 1983-1992. Prenat Diagn. 1996 Nov;16(11):991-1002.
- Adams MM, Erickson JD, Layde PM, Oakley GP. Down's syndrome. Recent trends in the United States. JAMA. 1981 Aug 14;246(7):758-60.
- Morris JK, Mutton DE, Alberman E. Recurrences of free trisomy 21: analysis of data from the National Down Syndrome Cytogenetic Register. Prenatal Diagnosis: Published in Affiliation With the International Society for Prenatal Diagnosis. 2005 Dec 15;25(12):1120-8.
Birth Defects
About one in every 33 babies is born with a birth defect. Although not all birth defects can be prevented, people can increase their chances of having a healthy baby by managing health conditions and adopting healthy behaviors before becoming pregnant.
For Everyone
Health care providers, public health.
IMAGES
VIDEO
COMMENTS
Understand research design and the process of research design. Formulate a research problem and state it as a hypothesis. 1.3 MEANING OF RESEARCH Research is a process to discover new knowledge to find answers to a question. The word research has two parts re (again) and search (find) which denote that we are taking up an
-Research-based research problems -Practical problems • Reference the problem using the literature • Common pitfall: defining the problem based on the solution You should be able to apply the 5 'W's (Who, What, Where, When and Why) to the problem statement. A problem statement can be refined as you start to further investigate root cause.
A research problem, or phenomenon as it might be called in many forms of qualitative methodology, is the topic you would like to address, investigate, or study, ... This one is clear and quite specific, notes the target participants, and nicely alludes to the variables that will be studied. What strategies improve student understanding of main
Parlindungan Pardede Research in ELT (Module 1) 1. Identifyin g and Fo rmulatin g the Researc h Problem. Parlindungan Pardede. [email protected]. English Education Department. Universitas ...
These two criteria are translated into various activities of researchers through the research process. Unit 3 and Unit 4 intend to describe the research process in detail. Formulation of research problem, the first step in the research process, is considered as the most important phase of a research project. This step starts with the selection ...
4.3 First Ask a Question to Start Formulating a Research Problem - 75. 4.4 Correctly Ask Research Questions - 77. 4.4.1 Try to Avoid Questions That Allow for Just "Yes" or "No". Answer - 77. 4.4.2 Phrase Questions to Deal with Cause-and-Efect Relationship - 77. 4.4.3 Avoid Phrasing Value Judgment Types of Questions - 78.
The formulation of research problems also has an important social func-tion. As Merton, Broom, and Cottrell (1959) suggest, researchers must jus- ... Sieber (1973), for example, notes Stinchcombe's (1964) reliance upon about six months of fieldwork among the teachers and administrators in a high school to formulate the hypotheses that guided ...
A mind map is a diagram used to visually organize information about something, a phenomenon, an. issue or a problem. A mind map is often created around a single concept, drawn as an image in the ...
2 A study to compare the results in school history exams for 16-year-olds throughout Europe between 1970 and 1980. 3 The effects of parent unemployment on their children's attitude to schoolwork. 4 The relationship between temperature, humidity and air movement in the cooling effect of sweating on the human skin.
A research problem is a specific issue or gap in existing knowledge that you aim to address in your research. You may choose to look for practical problems aimed at contributing to change, or theoretical problems aimed at expanding knowledge. Some research will do both of these things, but usually the research problem focuses on one or the other.
Selecting and Defining a Research Problem - NAU
The formulation of research problems is a cornerstone of reflective thinking in scientific inquiry. This process transforms issues into clear questions, laying the groundwork for research and ...
A research problem, refers to some difficulty which a researcher identifies in the context of either a theoretical or practical situation and wants to obtain a solution/explanation for the same. It is the demarcation of a problem within a certain context involving the WHO or WHAT, the WHERE, the WHEN and the WHY of a problem situation.
stating the problem in the form of statements or questions which make the problem clear and understandable, identification and operationalisation of the variables concisely, and evaluating the problem in terms of its significance, novelty and feasibility. Let us now touch upon each of the above points one by one.
research approaches, research designs, and research methods are four key terms representing a perspective about research flow from broad constructions of research to the narrow procedures of methods. Table 1.1 explains these key terms in more detail. Table 1.1 Key Terms and Their Definitions as Used in This Chapter Key Terms
Applied Research: The purpose of this research is to help people understand the nature of human problems so that human beings can more effectively control their environment. In other words, this type of research pursues potential solutions to human and societal problems. This research is more prescriptive in nature, focusing on how questions. 3.
Research proposal: written statement of what the research project will entail. Often written to gain permission, or ask for funding, to conduct the research. This is not just an introduction of your research paper. With any research project, the research proposal should be short. Parts of a Research Proposal.
the problem. much literature - quantitative. Exploratory study, lacking theory base -- qualitative.
1.2 Formulating Research Problem 1.3 Literature Review 1.4 Designing Objectives 1.5 Conceptualizing Research Design 1.6 Constructing Hypotheses 1.7 Selecting a Sample 1.8 Methods and tools of Data Collection 1.9 Data Processing and Analysis 1.10 Writing Research Report 1.11 Let Us Sum Up ...
ISSN 2348-6848 Research Problem: Identification and Formulation Mohd Shoket1 Abstract Research is an investigation or experimentation that is aimed at a discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of theories or laws or practical application of the new or revised theories or laws. Identification of research problem leads in conducting a ...
DNYANSAGAR ARTS AND COMMERCE COLLEGE, BALEWADI, PUNE -45. Subject -Research Methodology (501) Class: TY BBA (2019 Pattern) Unit 1 Introduction to Research Methodology & Research Problem Introduction. Research is defined as careful consideration of study regarding a particular concern or problem using scientific methods.
Course Objectives: The overall objective of this course is to help students develop some key research skills for academic, professional and life purposes. Download Free PDF. View PDF. Guidelines for the format of Research Proposals, Research Reports, Thesis and Dissertations1. MASEREKA GILBERT.
Some people with Down syndrome have other medical problems as well. Common health problems include: Congenital heart defects. Hearing loss. Obstructive sleep apnea. Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal condition diagnosed in the United States. Each year, about 5,700 babies born in the US have Down syndrome. 1
In book: Basic Guidelines for Research: An Introductory Approach for All Disciplines (pp.1-22) Edition: First; Chapter: 1; Publisher: Book Zone Publication, Chittagong-4203, Bangladesh