rabindranath tagore biography in nepali

Rabindranath Tagore

Rabindranath Tagore was a Bengali poet, novelist and painter best known for being the first non-European to be awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1913 with his book Gitanjali, Song Offerings . He was highly influential in introducing Indian culture to the West and is generally regarded as the outstanding creative artist of modern India. He was hailed by W.B Yeats and André Gide.

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• Name: Rabindranath Tagore
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• Best Known For: Rabindranath Tagore was a Bengali poet, novelist and painter best known for being the first non-European to be awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1913.
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• Article Title: Rabindranath Tagore Biography
• Author: Biography.com Editors
• Website Name: The Biography.com website
• Url: https://www.biography.com/authors-writers/rabindranath-tagore
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• Last Updated: June 24, 2021
• Original Published Date: April 2, 2014

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Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941) was the youngest son of Debendranath Tagore, a leader of the Brahmo Samaj, which was a new religious sect in nineteenth-century Bengal and which attempted a revival of the ultimate monistic basis of Hinduism as laid down in the Upanishads. He was educated at home; and although at seventeen he was sent to England for formal schooling, he did not finish his studies there. In his mature years, in addition to his many-sided literary activities, he managed the family estates, a project which brought him into close touch with common humanity and increased his interest in social reforms. He also started an experimental school at Shantiniketan where he tried his Upanishadic ideals of education. From time to time he participated in the Indian nationalist movement, though in his own non-sentimental and visionary way; and Gandhi, the political father of modern India, was his devoted friend. Tagore was knighted by the ruling British Government in 1915, but within a few years he resigned the honour as a protest against British policies in India.

Tagore had early success as a writer in his native Bengal. With his translations of some of his poems he became rapidly known in the West. In fact his fame attained a luminous height, taking him across continents on lecture tours and tours of friendship. For the world he became the voice of India's spiritual heritage; and for India, especially for Bengal, he became a great living institution.

Although Tagore wrote successfully in all literary genres, he was first of all a poet. Among his fifty and odd volumes of poetry are Manasi (1890) [The Ideal One], Sonar Tari (1894) [The Golden Boat], Gitanjali (1910) [Song Offerings], Gitimalya (1914) [Wreath of Songs], and Balaka (1916) [The Flight of Cranes]. The English renderings of his poetry, which include The Gardener (1913), Fruit-Gathering (1916), and The Fugitive (1921), do not generally correspond to particular volumes in the original Bengali; and in spite of its title, Gitanjali: Song Offerings (1912), the most acclaimed of them, contains poems from other works besides its namesake. Tagore's major plays are Raja (1910) [The King of the Dark Chamber], Dakghar (1912) [The Post Office], Achalayatan (1912) [The Immovable], Muktadhara (1922) [The Waterfall], and Raktakaravi (1926) [Red Oleanders]. He is the author of several volumes of short stories and a number of novels, among them Gora (1910), Ghare-Baire (1916) [The Home and the World], and Yogayog (1929) [Crosscurrents]. Besides these, he wrote musical dramas, dance dramas, essays of all types, travel diaries, and two autobiographies, one in his middle years and the other shortly before his death in 1941. Tagore also left numerous drawings and paintings, and songs for which he wrote the music himself.

Rabindranath Tagore died on August 7, 1941.

From Nobel Lectures, Literature 1901-1967, Editor Horst Frenz, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1969

Acknowledgement: This autobiography/biography was written at the time of the award and first published in the book series Les Prix Nobel. It was later edited and republished in Nobel Lectures. For more details, visit the Tagore's biography page in Nobelprize.Org.

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Rabindranath Tagore Biography: A Journey Through Words and Wisdom

Rabindranath Tagore, or Gurudev, occupies a towering position in Indian literature and cultural history. Born on May 7, 1861, in Calcutta (now Kolkata) , India, Tagore emerged from a family renowned for its intellectual and artistic pursuits. His father, Debendranath Tagore , was a prominent philosopher and leader of the Brahmo Samaj, a socio-religious reform movement. At the same time, his mother, Sarada Devi , provided a nurturing environment steeped in spirituality and creativity.

Rabindranath Tagore is credited with writing the national anthems of both India and Bangladesh. “ Jana Gana Mana ” serves as the national anthem of India, while “ Amar Shonar Bangla ” is the national anthem of Bangladesh. Both anthems are derived from Tagore’s Rabindra Sangeet, reflecting his profound influence on the cultural heritage of both nations.

Rabindranath Tagore Biography

Biography Highlight Table for Rabindranath Tagore

Early life and education.

Tagore’s early years were shaped by the rich tapestry of Bengali culture, which fostered his innate talent and curiosity. He received a diverse education, blending traditional Indian learning with Western literature and philosophy exposure. This multidimensional upbringing laid the foundation for his future endeavors and shaped his inclusive worldview.

Family Background

The Tagore name originates from the anglicized version of “Thakur.” Originally, the Tagore family surname was Kushari, and they belonged to the Pirali Brahmin community. The Tagores hailed from Kush, a village in the Burdwan district of West Bengal. Prabhat Kumar Mukhopadhyaya, Rabindranath Tagore’s biographer, explained in his book “Rabindrajibani O Rabindra Sahitya Prabeshak” that the Kusharis were descendants of Deen Kushari, the son of Bhatta Narayana. Maharaja Kshitisura granted Deen a village called Kush in Burdwan district, where he became its chief and became known as Kushari.

Literary Career

Tagore’s literary career spanned various genres, each marked by unparalleled creativity and depth.

• Poetry: Tagore’s poetic genius blossomed early, with his first collection, “Kabi Kahini” (The Poet’s Tale), published when he was just 16. His poetry, characterized by its lyrical beauty and spiritual depth, explored themes of love, nature, and the human condition. Works like “Gitanjali” (Song Offerings) brought him international acclaim and earned him the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913.
• Prose: Besides poetry, Tagore excelled in prose writing, crafting novels and short stories that reflected the complexities of Indian society. His novels, such as “Gora” and “Ghare-Baire” (The Home and the World), tackled issues of identity, nationalism, and the clash between tradition and modernity.
• Playwriting: Tagore’s contributions to the theater were equally significant. He penned numerous plays, blending poetic language with social and philosophical themes. Works like “Chitra” and “Raktakarabi” (Red Oleanders) showcased his ability to weave compelling narratives that resonated with audiences.
• Songwriting: Tagore’s musical compositions, Rabindra Sangeet, revolutionized Bengali music. With over 2,000 songs to his credit, he infused soul-stirring melodies with profound lyrics, covering many themes from patriotism to spirituality.

Tagore’s Influence on Literature and Society

Tagore’s impact on literature and society transcended geographical and cultural boundaries. His works, translated into numerous languages, continue to inspire readers and artists worldwide. Through his writings, Tagore explored the intricacies of the human experience, offering insights that remain relevant to this day.

Social and Political Activism

Beyond his literary pursuits, Tagore was deeply engaged in social and political activism. He advocated for education reform, founding the experimental school Shantiniketan, which emphasized holistic learning and artistic expression. Tagore also played a prominent role in the Indian nationalist movement, using his platform to champion the cause of freedom and social justice.

Education and Philanthropy

In 1878, Rabindranath Tagore embarked on a journey to London for his studies. Initially enrolled in law courses at University College London, he soon veered towards his true passions. Tagore opted to delve into English Literature, immersing himself in the rich literary traditions of England, Ireland, and Scotland.

Despite his legal studies, writing had always been a fervent passion for Tagore. His literary journey began at a remarkably young age, when he penned his first poem, “Abhilash,” at the tender age of 13. This poem was later published in the Tattvabodhini magazine in 1874, marking the auspicious beginning of Tagore’s illustrious literary career.

Tagore’s commitment to education extended beyond Shantiniketan. He believed in the transformative power of learning and supported various educational initiatives throughout his life. Tagore’s philanthropic endeavors aimed to uplift marginalized communities and promote cultural exchange and understanding.

Rabindranath Tagore At Shantiniketan

Tagore’s disdain for traditional schooling methods is vividly portrayed in his short story “The Parrot’s Training,” in which a bird is confined and fed textbook pages until its demise. This sentiment fueled his vision for a new kind of educational institution. During a visit to Santa Barbara in 1917, Tagore envisioned creating a university to bridge the gap between India and the world, transcending national and geographical boundaries.

The culmination of this vision was the establishment of Visva-Bharati, with its foundation stone laid on December 24, 1918, and its inauguration precisely three years later. Tagore implemented a brahmacharya system, where gurus provided personalized guidance to students on emotional, intellectual, and spiritual levels. Classes often took place outdoors under the shade of trees, fostering a close connection with nature.

Tagore was deeply involved in the school’s affairs, contributing his Nobel Prize winnings and dedicating himself to the role of steward-mentor at Santiniketan. He taught classes in the mornings and devoted afternoons and evenings to writing textbooks for the students. Between 1919 and 1921, Tagore embarked on fundraising efforts in Europe and the United States to support the school’s growth and development.

Nationalism and Patriotism

While Tagore initially supported Indian nationalism, his views evolved. He emphasized the importance of humanism and universalism, cautioning against the dangers of narrow nationalism. Tagore’s vision of patriotism was inclusive, rooted in a deep love for humanity and a commitment to universal values.

Journey Back Home: Mixing Cultures and Growing as an Artist in India

After coming back to India, Rabindranath Tagore got deeply involved in English, Irish, and Scottish literature and music, which really shaped his art. He also got married to Mrinalini Devi, who was only ten years old at that time.

List of Awards won by Rabindranath Tagore

In 1913, Tagore became the first non-European to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for his profound and lyrical poetry collection, “Gitanjali.” This prestigious accolade brought global recognition to Tagore’s literary genius and cemented his place in literary history.

Tagore’s Philosophy and Ideals

At the core of Tagore’s philosophy were ideals of harmony, freedom, and the pursuit of truth. He believed in the interconnectedness of all beings and advocated for love, empathy, and understanding as the cornerstones of a harmonious society.

Personal Life and Relationships

Tagore’s personal life was marked by profound relationships that influenced his work and worldview. His marriage to Mrinalini Devi and his close bond with his sister-in-law, Kadambari Devi, deeply impacted his emotional and creative life, serving as sources of inspiration for his literary endeavors.

Rabindranath Tagore’s Travel Journey

During his lifetime, Rabindranath Tagore traveled extensively, spanning over thirty countries across five continents. His journey began in 1878 and continued until 1933, taking him to diverse destinations such as England, the United States, Japan, Southeast Asia, and Europe. Along the way, Tagore engaged with prominent figures, including Albert Einstein, Robert Frost, and George Bernard Shaw. He shared his insights on nationalism, culture, and humanity, advocating for understanding and harmony among nations. Tagore’s travels left an indelible mark on his worldview, enriching his literary and philosophical contributions and fostering cultural exchange on a global scale.

Tagore’s Last Days and Legacy

Tagore passed away on August 7, 1941, at his family estate in Calcutta. However, his legacy continues, inspiring generations of writers, artists, and activists worldwide. Tagore’s timeless works and progressive ideals testify to the enduring power of literature and the human spirit.

Career Facts

• 1961, Satyajit Ray wrote and directed the Indian documentary film “Rabindranath Tagore” to commemorate Tagore’s birth centenary. The film was produced by the Government of India’s Films Division.
• Serbian composer Darinka Simic-Mitrovic utilized Tagore’s text for her song cycle “Gradinar” in 1962.
• American composer E. Anne Schwerdtfeger was commissioned in 1969 to compose “Two Pieces,” a work for women’s chorus based on Tagore’s text.
• Sukanta Roy’s Bengali film “Chhelebela” (2002) featured Jisshu Sengupta portraying Tagore.
• Bandana Mukhopadhyay’s Bengali film “Chirosakha He” (2007) cast Sayandip Bhattacharya as Tagore.
• Rituparno Ghosh’s Bengali documentary film “Jeevan Smriti” (2011) starred Samadarshi Dutta as Tagore.
• In Suman Ghosh’s Bengali film “Kadambari” (2015), Tagore was portrayed by Parambrata Chatterjee.

Rabindranath Tagore’s life and legacy testify to the transformative power of literature, art, and humanitarianism. His profound insights, literary accomplishments, and unwavering commitment to universal values continue to inspire and enrich lives across the globe, ensuring that his legacy remains vibrant and enduring for generations to come.

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Frequently Asked Questions

1. was rabindranath tagore a nobel laureate.

Yes, Tagore was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913 for his collection of poems, “Gitanjali.”

2. What is Rabindra Sangeet?

Rabindra Sangeet refers to Tagore’s musical compositions, which blend poetic lyrics with soul-stirring melodies.

3. What were Tagore’s views on nationalism?

Tagore initially supported Indian nationalism but later emphasized a more inclusive and humanistic approach rooted in empathy and understanding.

4. How did Tagore’s works transcend cultural boundaries?

Tagore’s universal themes and profound insights into the human condition resonated with readers worldwide, transcending cultural and linguistic barriers.

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Everything You Want to Know About Madhav Prasad Ghimire, National Poet (Rashtrakabi) Of Nepali Literature

Madhav Prasad Ghimire : – “I think poets should be able to go beyond the social hierarchy and bring visions to humanity, and by using their poetic abilities, they should be able to expand the mind and pursue the truth.”, this is a great sentence by Madhav Prasad Ghimire.

Madhav Prasad Ghimire is a renowned Nepalese poet who has given a great contribution to Nepalese literature. He is one of the last of the oldest generation of poets in Nepal. He was motivated by the works of Rabindranath Tagore. He is a poet of the romantic tradition.

He has written many incredible books such as Gauri, Malati Mangale, Himal Pari Himal Wari, Aswathama, Rajheswari, and Shakuntala and he is well known for his inspiring works. He was honored as Rashtra Kavi (poet of the nation) of Nepal. He is undoubtedly one of the rare poets in Nepal to gain fame and fortune, and not the unfortunate forgetfulness they normally receive.

But the greatest asset of his life is its simplicity. He is a very simple person with a simple taste, but his verses are varied and complex. However, for some, he is a Himalayan poet and for some the poet of love and harmony. However, this truth cannot be denied: he is a lyric poet and one of the true servants of Nepali literature.

It is also a national treasure associated with the golden age of Nepali literature. He is one of the last of the oldest generation of poets whose contemporaries, Bal Krishna Sama and Laxmi Prasad Devkota, have become historical figures in the annals of Nepalese literature.

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It is known that in his masterpieces such as Gauri and Malati Mangale he portrayed terrible truths of society. This literature was most praised by the Nepalese. Some of his other important literary works include Himal Pari Himal Wari, Rajeshwori, Aswathama, and Shakuntala which are most appreciated.

He is a simple man with a complex and different perception. Rastra Kabi Ghimire was cited as a source of inspiration in the Nepalese literary brotherhood. Not only writing but also his will to live has inspired many Nepalese. According to him, there are three mantras to live longer; Easy exercise or yoga, positive thinking, and creativity.

For him, education in his own life is very important, since it takes a person from darkness to light and it is very important that Nepali youth should learn these things from him. He is respected by the people of Nepal.

Early life and education

Ghimire was born on September 23, 1919, in a town called Pushtun in the Lamjung district of Nepal. Ghimire’s mother died when he was about a year and a half, and he spent his childhood in the Lamjung district with his father among the hills, trees, rivers, and soothing streams of rural Nepal.

He learned to read at the age of six, and at age eight or nine, he learned the Panchanga from a man named Fulebaba. In his childhood, the appropriate educational opportunities in Lamjung were missing.

His first teacher was a holy man who taught Ghimire and others the English alphabet from an old grammar book. He began his formal education at the age of 12 when his father sent him to study astrology, which he directed for more than two years. He was then sent to the Bhasa Patshala language school, which was about two hours away from his village.

His interest in literature began to flourish in his youth when he read spiritual books like “Beth” and “Chandi”. “I liked these books because they not only provide entertainment to people but also give them a social message,” he said. In a place where the availability of books was very rare, a book called “Upadesh Manjari” arrived at Ghimire’s house. The book of rhythmic poems inspired him to open his pen and enter the world of poetry.

The professor was a Sanskrit scholar (an expert), and Ghimire received a lot of attention because the pandit thought that Ghimire was dedicated to his studies. Fortunately, he studied Ramayana after receiving it as a prize and also read the Mahabharata.

From there he reached the letter of Lekhnath Poudyal. It was the latter who inspired him to write verses that he showed to his teacher. The teacher liked his poems and encouraged him to move on. He sent a poem to today’s national newspaper Gorkhaparta, which published it, and since then there has been no review of Ghimire.

He remained in Bhasa Patshala for about three years until one day he went to Kathmandu without notifying anyone at home. In the capital, he met with students of the Sanskrit Pathshala, where he initially stayed. Thus began the student life of Ghimire in Kathmandu, and in six months he obtained second place between 150 and 200 students. Consequently, he was considered very intelligent.

Although his studies took a long time, Ghimire, 18, took the time to work on his poems. For five years he wrote and published poetry without interruption. Gradually, he earned an enviable reputation among his teachers and classmates.

“Life was very different from today and Ghimire grew up with very little material luxury.” We never complained and we didn’t realize how late our society was. We had never seen good roads, so walking through the steep mountains was not difficult at all. Running miles for miles, and spending nights were daily activities, and we adapted to this scenario. “

When Ghimire explained his school days and the countless punishments with which he was gifted, we can discover what the RastraKabi Ghimire book mouse was like.

His school was in the shade of a huge tree; the trunks were the board, and the colored stones were the chalk. He was a brilliant student. He said his family environment inspired him to excel in his studies.

During those days when illiteracy was paramount, he devoted himself to literature. We can’t even imagine what life was like back then. Now you are surrounded by art and literature. But in my time, it was very rare to take a look at a book.

The changing technology seems to surprise him and he has stated that he has seen great differences in the country’s education system. “We had to write in Dhulepati, but now there are laptops.

Students now have many opportunities in terms of colleges and universities, we have lost that. Didactic materials are also available and there are many options.” I did not start my formal education until 12 years, “recalls Ghimire.

Born to master Nepali literature, he began writing poems and stories at an early age. With the encouragement of his teacher, he sent one of his creations to Gorkhapartra and published them. Then the decisive moment came: one day, his friend took him to the Bhasa Prakashini Samiti of Nepal and introduced him to Bal Krishna Sama and Krishna Shumshere.

There was a vacancy for a writer on his committee, and they chose him. From 1944 he worked and wrote for the committee. Around this time, he met regularly with Devkota, Gopal Prasad Rimal, Kedar Man Byathit, and Siddhicharan Shrestha on the committee to share and comment on each other’s work. This environment was favorable to his growth as a poet and writer.

Ghimire’s career as a writer developed gradually and in 1947 he participated in a poetry contest for the national flag of Nepal. In addition to winning the contest, his reputation as a distinguished poet was extended.

At the age of eleven, he left home and went to Duredada to study Sanskrit. He then emigrated to Kathmandu to study Sanskrit Pradhan Pathshala and Tindhara in Sanskrit Pathsala. He then traveled to India to continue studying and spent time studying at Banaras.

Occupational and later life.

The devil began to play with his life quickly and easily, and everything was running at full speed. His first wife, Gauri, whom he loved very much, died and his early death devastated him terribly.

He was unable to extract it from her memory and became the subject of his mistake. His poetry collection, “Gauri”, was well received and enjoyed enormous popularity among the public, as it was one of Nepal’s most popular literary works today. He later married his second wife, Mahakali Ghimire.

He still remembers his first wife when someone informed him about Gauri: “She used to know that she was hungry just by looking me in the eye and preparing food. Only the mother knows, doesn’t she? She could never forget that. Isn’t that your turn?” the heart?

Everything else is mere talk. You have to set an example. Some people don’t even care if they scream for hunger several times. “But he also has respect and loves his second wife. He thinks she gives birth to a child and loves him. Another child is born for us and we love him equally. He does not compare Gauri and Mahakali. I would be a small man if I did that, it is better to sing praises and forget the defects of the dead. “

A proud father of six daughters and two sons, all highly educated; The precious jewel of the country peacefully spends his old days with his second wife, Mahakali. He doesn’t have much time to write these days.

The days go by in an instant since he has to attend many events, interviews, etc. These days he is absorbed in Yog Sadhana and advises young people to learn yoga since it is very beneficial both physically and mentally.

For such high-ranking work, he received the Distinguished Academy Medal, Shree Prasiddha Praval Gorkha Dakshinabahu, the Bhanubhakta Prize, and Tribhuwan Pragya Puraskar.

He first published in Gorkhapatra at the age of 14. His work was called Gyanpuspa. Later in his life, he also worked as co-editor of Gorkhapatra. After graduating from Banaras, he worked as a writer for Bhashanubad Parishad (1941 AD) and as co-editor of Gorkhapatra (1944 AD). In 2008 he returned to his hometown and worked for a short time as a teacher.

In 2010 he became a member of Kavya Pratisthan under the direction of Laxmi Prasad Devkota. His most famous work is Gauri (1947), a lawsuit for the loss of his wife. In Kathmandu, his talent was instantly recognized and he was named a writer in “Nepali Bhasha Prakashini Samiti”, where Nepalese books were censored and published with the constant monopoly of the Rana government.

On May 19, 2016, he participated in Melancholy, a song designed to convey an environmental message that broke Guinness’s world record for “More vocal solos in a song recording.”

His 100th birthday was celebrated on September 23, 2018, throughout Nepal with several programs. His most important achievements and literary contributions are “Gauri”, “Malati Mangale”, “Himal Pari Himal Wari” and “Shakuntala”, to name just a few. Ghimire has written works known as Gauri, Malati Mangale, Rajeshwari, and Shakuntala, and is currently working on an epic titled RitambharaAt 100. Ghimire continues to impress many with his natural style, but asks for his mantra and says: “I write when I can I do not obey or I try too hard. That makes no sense. “

Ghimire believes that you should have two things to write about: ambition and health.

“When I had the ambition, I wrote despite all the odds,” he says. “But having only one goal is not enough. You also need your health to fulfill your ambitions and achieve your ultimate goal.”

Ghimire was vice chancellor of the Royal Academy of Nepal from 1979 to 1988 and chancellor from 1988 to 1990. During his tenure, he led delegations to China, Russia, and Bangladesh.

For his work, he has received, among others, the Distinguished Academy Medal, the Shree Prasiddha Praval Gorkha Dakshinabahu, the Bhanubhakta Prize, and the Tribhuwan Pragya Puraskar.

Regarding popularity, excellence, and recognition, Ghimire is considered a source of inspiration in Nepali literature. He began writing songs and poems 67 years ago and still does today. He has written poems, long narrative poems, lyric-epic poems, and ballads, and has made an immense contribution to the enrichment of Nepali literature.

The modern Nepali poems of the Royal Academy of Nepal (1972, first edition). Praise his poems as “manifestations of Nepali life.” Some of his most acclaimed pieces are Apnai Bansuri Aphnai Gita, Asvatthama: Gitinatak, Gauri, Indrakumari, Rajesvari, and Rashtra Nirmata.

The Library of Congress has fifteen of his works. Even after the age of 100, he remains active in the composition of Literature. When someone asked him about the history of his activity, he said: “I worked all day when I was strong. Now I work a little. But I am a river that flows. I keep flowing.

As a poet, I always write poetry. A Poet must write poems I do my duty I write poems in the sunlight I also write poems when the bird’s chirp I am delighted to visit a new place like a child who goes to his maternal uncle’s house I felt young until I was 81.

After that, I felt a little aged, but I didn’t care. Now I’m 97. But I was a little worried when all my contemporaries died. You can’t deny your aging. The 1990s are an incredible decade. life, I’m glad I got old Nothing is fixed, but life itself is a fixed thing But it makes no sense to live with diseases Another thing is that I get bored if I live, while people who are younger than me die. “

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