assignment on npe 1986

National Policy on Education 1986 – Aim, Objective, Components

National Policy on Education 1986 has been explained with Aim, Objective, Components and three Language Formula in below article. Read the Article to know more about NPE 1986

Table of Contents

The National Policy on Education 1986 (abbreviated NPE 1986) is responsible for significant changes to the educational system. Education instills moral principles and aids in the growth of society as a whole. People have the opportunity to shape themselves into more responsible members of society. Additionally, educated people are more likely to land well-paying jobs and take part in successful trade and commerce practices.

National Policy on Education 1986

The NPE 1986 had a significant impact on the education system in India and served as a guideline for educational reforms and development over the years. It was revised in 1992 to reflect changing educational needs and challenges. The National Policy on Education (NPE) of 1986 is a significant education policy document in India. It was formulated by the Government of India to provide a comprehensive framework for the development of education in the country. The NPE 1986 aimed to promote and improve the education system and access to education at all levels, from primary to higher education.

NPE 1986: Overview

In 1985, the Government of India conducted a thorough examination of the existing education system, culminating in the document “Challenge of Education: A Policy Perspective.” The visionary National Policy on Education, launched by former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi in May 1986, aimed to equip India for the challenges of the 21st century.

•  10 + 2 + 3 structure of Education.
• Early childhood care and Education
• Equal opportunity for all.
• Minimum levels of learning for each stage of education.
• Life-long education.
• Education for Equality
• Removal of women’s illiteracy.
• Education of minorities.
• Education of the handicapped.
• Universal enrolment and universal retention of children upto 14 years of age
• Child – Centered Approach
• Pace setting schools for talented children, largely rural.
• Technical and Management Education

NPE 1986 – Highlights

The National Policy on Education (NPE) of 1986, formulated by the Government of India under the leadership of Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi, encompassed several key highlights and objectives to revamp the education system in the country. Some of the significant highlights of NPE 1986 are as follows:

• Access, Enrolment and Retention of all children upto the age of 14 years in the schools.
• Quality improvement of education by improving the school environment, child cantered and activity-cantered teaching methodology, continuous evaluation throughout the year, removal of all kinds of physical punishment, continuing the practice of not failing the students in any class at elementary level and arranging the essential facilities in primary schools.
• Arranging non-formal education for children, who left the schools, in between, or are residing at places not having schools.
• Setting up of Navodaya Vidyalayas was another landmark in the history of education
• primary schools be opened in remote areas including ashram or residential schools in tribal regions.
• The policy emphasized on inclusion of motor handicapped children in normal schools and arrangement of special schools at district headquarters.
• NPE 1986 proposed a national system of education based on the accepted structure of 10+2+3.
• It suggested that +2 stage be accepted as part of school education throughout the country.
• The Policy had some important features like common school curriculum, minimum levels of learning, value education, role of media and education technology, work experience, emphasis on teaching of Mathematics and Science, Sports and Physical Education and education for international understanding.
• Equal educational opportunities especially for women and reserved communities.
• From expanding scholarships to recruiting more teachers from the reserved categories and incentives for poor families to send their children to school regularly
• It also extended the open university system with the inauguration of Indira Gandhi National Open University in 1985 emphasized adult education
• reorientation of the system to promote gender equality,
• employment of teachers from oppressed groups, and disabled persons
• Development of new schools and universities

NPE and POA

The National Policy on Education (NPE) and the Programme of Action (POA) extensively addressed language development, advocating the use of regional languages as the medium of instruction in universities, and endorsing mother tongue as the medium at the school stage. The revised Programme of Action aimed for educational equality by proposing various measures, including an expanded Operation Blackboard to cover up to the upper primary level, ensuring at least 50 percent female teachers in future elementary level appointments, implementing an informal education program for deprived and working children, providing computer education in numerous schools, and advocating for year-round elementary schools.

NPE 1986 – Aim & Objectives

The National Policy on Education 1986 had a few major recommendations. Based on their aim, the policy had been drafted. Read below to know more about some of those objectives:

• Access to Education – Every student has access to an education of good quality under the idea of a national system of education, regardless of caste, creed, locality, or gender.
• Structure of a Common Education- It envisions a uniform educational system, the 10+2+3 system that is recognised throughout the nation. Regarding the additional break-up of the first ten years, attempts will be made to move to the elementary system, which consists of two years of high school education, five years of primary education, and three years of primary education.
• National Curriculum Framework with a distinctive core – The common core and other adaptable components of a national curricular framework will serve as the foundation for education. The history of India’s freedom struggle, the requirements of the constitution, and other subjects vital to fostering national identity will be part of the common core.
• Education & its Vocationalization – In this new education policy, the rationalization of schooling was given priority. The problem of unemployment should be reduced by taking a variety of vocational courses.
• Educating weaker sections of the society – In the interest of national growth, emphasis has been placed on the education of SC/ST/differently abled people and girls, and their development has been deemed vital.
• Operational Blackboard – The phrase “Operational Blackboard” has been adopted in this new strategy to communicate the idea that the primary schools will only receive the barest necessities. For instance, two rooms, a map, a chart, a blackboard, a carpet, etc.
• Education on Equality of Women – Through residential curricula textbooks, the preparation and orientation of teachers, decision-makers, and administrators, as well as the active participation of the educational investigation – it will promote the creation of new values. Priority will be given to eliminating women’s illiteracy through the provision of particular support services.

NPE 1986 – Important Facts

The study of NPE 1986 revealed some important facts which hold more significance than the rest. They have been mentioned below:

• The objectives of socialism, democracy, and secularism as outlined in the constitution should be promoted through education.
• Education should develop a person’s ability to function at various economic levels.
• Education must foster the promotion of national self-reliance.
• It adheres to the principle that “education is a special investment in the present and future.”
• All students have access to quality education up to a particular level, regardless of caste, creed, location, or sex.
• According to the 1986 Policy’s recommendation for the school system, the government should implement effective measures.
• A common educational framework is what NPE 1986 seeks to develop.

NPE 1986 Three Language Formula

In 1968, the three-language formula was implemented across the country, barring Tamil Nadu that adopted a two-language policy. The NPE 1986 does not make any change in the 1968 policy on the three-language formula and the promotion of Hindi and repeated it verbatim.

• In Hindi-speaking states: English, Hindi, and a modern Indian language.
• Non-Hindi speaking states: English, Hindi, and one Indian language.

NPE 1986 – 12 Components

The NPE 1986 had been broken down into 12 major components. A quick sneak peek of the same has been given here.

• Essence & Role of Education – A framework of 10+2+3 breakdown in all areas
• National Education System – Make education accessible irrespective of class, caste, creed, sex
• Education for Equality – Provide equal possibilities and abolish disparities
• Higher Education – Emphasis on open universities and online learning system as a source of higher studies
• Technical & Management Education – Approval of state technical education boards and the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) for technical and managerial education
• Redesigning the Education – Involve culturally relevant content and facts that improve teaching plus learning
• Teachers’ Education – Founding of the District Institute of Education and Training (DIET) for the teacher preparation of educators & improve NCERT teacher training programs
• Management of Education – National level of management and educational planning
• Reorganization of NPE 1986 – Reorganizing the policy at different levels
• Early childhood care & teaching – Under this, nutrition, health, and the social, mental, physical, moral, and emotional development of children will be focused
• Elementary Education – Public enrollment, regular education for children up to the age of 14, and improvement in educational quality.
• Secondary Education – Navodaya Vidyalayas and ‘pace-setting schools’ will be set in various locations

Difference between NPE 1986 and NPE 1992

Here is a comparison of the National Policy on Education (NPE) 1986 and NPE 1992 in a two-column table highlighting some key differences:

Download National Policy on Education 1986 Study Notes PDF

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When was the first National Policy on Education drafted?

The National Policy on Education was drafted in 1986.

What does the NPE cover?

The NPE covers university and elementary education in both urban and rural areas of India.

What is the NPE 1986 on women’s education?

NPE 1986 gives priority to eliminating women's illiteracy through the provision of particular support services. Women's participation in technical and vocational education at all levels will be laid emphasis on.

Where was the NPE 1986 adopted?

The NPE 1986 was adopted by the parliament in May 1986.

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National Policy of Education(NPE)-1986 | POA-1992

The national policy of Education 1986 or NPE 1986 brings major changes in the education system. There was a rapid expansion of education and also the country was rocked by the explosion in population. The rise in educated and uneducated unemployment was shattering the tranquil waters of the country.

Education was not helping in the removal of defects. Besides, it was lagging behind in many aspects of the changes going on in the world education scene. The world was in the grip of the technological, scientific, and computer revolution.

At this time, the country had a very young dynamic, charismatic, and forward-looking leader sir Rajiv Gandhi as the PM of India. He wanted to take India to great heights of scientific and technological progress

Role of Education NPE

In the beginning, the NPE lays down the essence and role of education as follows:

• Education for all in our national perspective. It is fundamental to material and spiritual development.
• Education has an important role and it refines sensitivities and perceptions.
• Education develops manpower for different levels of economy
• Education is a unique investment

The major recommendation of NPE 1986 (National Policy of Education 1986)

1. based on the constitutional principles.

It derives its inspiration from the idea and values of democracy, and secularism enshrined in our constitution.

2. Access to Education

The concept of a National system of education implies that all students irrespective of caste, creed, location, or Gender have access to education of comparable quality. To achieve this government introduced funded programmers. Effective measures were taken in the direction of the common school, system.

3. Common Education Structure

It envisages a common educational structure, the 10+2+3 that has been accepted in all parts of the country. Regarding the further break-up of the 1st 10 years, efforts will be made to move towards the elementary system comprising 5 years of primary and 3 years of Upper Primary, and 2 years of high school education.

4. National Curriculum framework with a common core

Education will be based on a national curriculum framework that contains a common core, along with other components that are flexible. The common core will include the history of India’s freedom movement, the constitutional obligations, and other contents, which are important to nurturing National identity

5. More emphasis on Learning

The teacher should create an environment in the class and in the school in general where the students learn many things through their own creativity.

6. Vocationalization of Education

The rationalization of education was given importance in this new education policy. Vocational courses of various types should minimize the unemployment problem because the educated person will be able to use the required skills for earning his livelihood.

7. Important of Moral Values

Education is an important factor in bringing in about desirable changes in society. Therefore the importance of moral values should be inculcated in the students

8. Emphasis on reforms in the examination system

This policy has suggested grades should be given in place of division to avoid frustration and anxiety in students. Periodical tests have been recommended in this new policy. The teacher should be solely responsible for evaluating the merits of his/her students.

9. Education for the weaker section of society

Education of SC/ST/differently-abled persons and girls has been emphasized in the interest of National progress, and their development was considered necessary. Hence, reservation for such a person was allotted in various types of educational institutions.

10. Ever continual primary school

According to the new educational policy each primary school will have at least two classrooms with at least two teachers of these two teachers, one will be a woman. Each primary school will function throughout the 12 months of the year.

11. Operational blackboard

In this new policy, the term ‘Operational Blackboard’ has been used for conveying the idea that minimum facilities will be provided to the primary school. For eg. 2 rooms, chart, maps, a blackboard, carpet, etc. In the operation blackboard, the cooperation of voluntary organizations and local bodies will be included.

12. All India Educational Service

In order to improve the educational administration, this policy has emphasized the necessity of starting and all India Education Service Organization officers may be transferred anywhere in the country. It has been felt that this kind of transfer will weaken the undesirable bond of regionalism and will bring dynamism to the educational administration.

13. Establishing many Navodaya Schools

In these schools, students will be admitted to class VI based on the admission test. During the admission process, the ratio between the boys and girls, urban and rural students will be taken into consideration. It is a free residential school 25% of the students who have passed class VIII standards from these schools will be transferred for education to other states with a view to promoting national integration.

14. New Educational Institution

District Institute of Education Training (DIET) and District Board Education (DBE). Members of these institutes will survey the educational needs of the area and inform the concerned education officers about the same from time to time.

15. Modernization of Education

Computer education will be employed in the expansion of literacy, the utility of correspondence courses, television, radio, and satellite, video assessed videos concerning, were accepted in the development of education.

16. Education on women’s equality

Education will be used as an agent of basic changes in the status of women. It will foster the development of new values through residential curricula textbooks, the training, and orientation of teachers, decision-makers, and administrators, and the active involvement of the educational investigation. The removal of women’s illiteracy will receive priority through the provision of special support services. Major emphasis will be laid on women’s participation in vocational-technical and professional education at different levels.

In conclusion , we can state that NPE 1986 gave its considered recommendations almost on every aspect of our education with a plan of action to translate the suggestion into actions. The recommendations have been made to put into action the educational programmers of plans suggested therein.

Programme of Action (POA)-1992

• In May 1990, a committee was set up under the chairmanship of Acharya Rammurti to review the existing National Policy of Education (NPE)-1986 and make recommendations for its modifications.
• In July 1991, CABE (Central Advisory Board of Education) was set up under the chairmanship of N.Janardan Reddy, Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh
• Based on the Reports of Rammurti and Janardan Reddy, the Govt. of India’s Chances in the NPE-1986, which is known as the Revised National Policy of Education 1986 (PoA-1992)
• on 7th May 1992, the final report was placed in Both the Parliament Houses

Modification of NPE-1986 (POA-1992)

• The educational structure 10+2+3 has been accepted across the country. Earlier 12th Class was studied in College. After Modification, it suggested that Class 12th be a part of the School. In the present day, it’s available in both Schools and Colleges. You can study 12th class either in Higher Secondary Schools or Colleges.
• More emphasis is given to the overall literacy campaign. It covers school children as well as adults.
• National Literacy mission to be linked with poverty prevention
• Educational institutions of national importance will be strengthened. Such as UGC, NCTE, AICTE etc
• Emphasis on Vocational and Skilled Training Program. Those students who are unable to pursue higher education can earn their livelihood.
• The operational Blackboard programme should be extended to Upper Primary Level. At least 3 classrooms and 3 teachers and basic teaching learning materials like charts, Aids etc
• Target of this policy by 1995, 10% of the total students are getting secondary education and by 2000, 25% of the students should get vocational education.
• More Navodaya Vidyalaya should be set up across the country. The Navodaya School are largely intended to cater the rural talented children (75% of seats are reserved with reservation for SC and ST )
• In the revised policy, an Autonomous commission should be appointed for rapid progress and improvement in Higher Education
• In future 50% of Primary School teachers should be appointed to Women
• To achieve the goal of Free and Compulsory education till 2000, a National Mission will be established
• Secondary education for SC, ST, Weaker classes and Girls
• National Evaluation Association for Examination reforms
• It is stated that more than 6% of the National Income is declared to be spent on Education
• National Policy of Education-1986
• Revised NPE-1986 (POA-1992)

27 May, 2024 | 10:42 PM IST

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National Policy on Education 1986, POA 1992

National Policy on Education 1986 (NPE 1986) provides a comprehensive policy framework for the development of education. Get the National Policy on Education 1986 (NPE 1986) PDF here.

April 15, 2024

Table of Contents

National Policy on Education 1986 : The National Education Policy (NEP) is a policy formulated by the Government of India to promote and regulate education in India. The policy covers primary education to higher education in rural and urban India. The first NEP was promulgated by the Government of India in 1968 by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, the second in 1986 by Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi, and the third in 2020 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. In 1986, the government led by Rajiv Gandhi introduced a new national policy on education. The new policy called for “a special emphasis on removing disparities and equalizing educational opportunities, especially for Indian women, Scheduled Tribes (ST), and Scheduled Castes (SC) communities.”

National Policy on Education 1986

In 1986, the government led by Rajiv Gandhi introduced a new national policy on education. The new policy called for “special emphasis on removing disparities and equalizing educational opportunities,” particularly for Indian women, Scheduled Tribes (STs), and Scheduled Castes (SCs) communities. To achieve such social integration, the policy called for scholarships, expansion of adult education, recruitment of more teachers from STs, incentives for poor families to send their children to school regularly, development of new institutions, and provision of housing and services.

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National Policy on Education 1986 Overview

The Government of India formulated NPE 1986 to provide a comprehensive framework for the development of education in the country. The policy covers everything from elementary to higher education in rural and urban India .

National Policy on Education 1986 PDF

The PDF of the National Education Policy 1986 can be viewed by clicking on the link below. NEP 1986 outlines the education framework in India, covering topics such as curriculum, pedagogy, assessment, and teacher education.

National Policy on Education 1986 PDF Download

National Policy on Education 1986 Objectives 

The National Policy on Education 1986 aimed to achieve several key objectives:

• Ensure Access to Quality Education : The policy aimed to guarantee that every student, regardless of their caste, creed, locality, or gender, had access to high-quality education within the framework of a national system.
• Establish a Common Educational Structure : It envisioned a uniform educational system known as the 10+2+3 system, which would be universally recognized. 
• Develop a National Curriculum Framework : The policy sought to establish a national curricular framework with a distinctive core. This core, along with adaptable components, would serve as the foundation for education. 
• Promote Vocational Education : The policy prioritized the rationalization of schooling and aimed to combat unemployment by offering various vocational courses.
• Educate Weaker Sections of Society : The policy emphasized the education of marginalized groups such as SC/ST individuals, differently-abled individuals, and girls, recognizing their pivotal role in national development.
• Ensure Basic Facilities in Primary Schools : The concept of an “Operational Blackboard” was introduced to convey that primary schools would receive the essential infrastructure, including two rooms, a map, a chart, a blackboard, and a carpet.
• Promote Gender Equality in Education : The policy emphasized the need for gender equality in education through initiatives like residential curricula, teacher training and orientation, active participation in educational research, and provision of specific support services to eradicate women’s illiteracy.

National Policy on Education 1986 Important Facts

NPE 1986 highlighted several crucial facts and principles. Here are some important facts about NPE 1986:

• Promoting the Objectives of Socialism, Democracy, and Secularism : NPE 1986 stressed the need to promote the objectives of socialism, democracy, and secularism as outlined in the constitution through education.
• Developing the Ability to Function at Various Economic Levels : The policy emphasized that education should foster the development of an individual’s ability to function effectively at various economic levels.
• Fostering National Self-Reliance : NPE 1986 advocated for education to promote national self-reliance, emphasizing the importance of self-sufficiency.
• Treating Education as a Special Investment : The policy adhered to the principle that education is a special investment in the present and future, underlining its significance.
• Ensuring Access to Quality Education : NPE 1986 underscored the importance of providing all students with access to quality education up to a particular level, regardless of caste, creed, location, or sex.
• Effective Measures for the School System : The 1986 Policy’s recommendation for the school system it recommended that the government should implement effective measures.
• Developing a Common Educational Framework : NPE 1986 sought to develop a common educational framework to ensure consistency and uniformity in the education system.

Also Read, National Curriculum Framework 2005

NPE 1986 Three Language Formula

The NPE 1986 maintains the 1968 policy on the three-language formula, implemented nationwide except in Tamil Nadu, which adopted a two-language policy.

National Policy on Education 1986 Components

The NPE 1986 consists of various components, each of which addresses different aspects of the education system in India. Here is a breakdown of the 12 major components of the National Policy on Education (NPE) 1986.

Modification of NPE 1986 (POA 1992)

The Programme of Action 1992 (POA-1992) was a significant step towards refining and implementing the National Policy on Education 1986 (NPE-1986). It introduced several crucial modifications and additions to the existing policy framework, aiming to enhance the quality and accessibility of education across all levels. Here’s a summary of some key points from the modifications:

• Inclusion of 12th Class in Schools: The modification suggested that Class 12th should be a part of the school system, allowing students to study it either in Higher Secondary Schools or Colleges.
• Emphasis on Literacy Campaigns: More focus was placed on literacy campaigns, encompassing both school children and adults. The National Literacy Mission was to be linked with poverty prevention efforts.
• Strengthening Educational Institutions: Educational institutions of national importance, such as UGC, NCTE, AICTE, etc., were to be strengthened to ensure their effectiveness.
• Vocational and Skilled Training: There was an emphasis on vocational and skilled training programs to provide alternative pathways for students who may not pursue higher education, enabling them to earn a livelihood.
• Expansion of the Blackboard Programme: The operational Blackboard programme was to be extended to the Upper Primary Level, with provisions for classrooms, teachers, and teaching-learning materials.
• Targets for Education: Goals were set to increase the percentage of students receiving secondary education (by 1995) and vocational education (by 2000).
• Establishment of Navodaya Vidyalayas: More Navodaya Vidyalayas were to be established across the country, particularly to cater to talented rural children, with a reservation for SC and ST students.
• Autonomous Commission for Higher Education: An autonomous commission was proposed to expedite progress and improvements in higher education.
• Gender Representation in Teaching: A target was set to appoint 50% of primary school teachers as women in the future.
• National Mission for Free and Compulsory Education: A National Mission was to be established to work towards the goal of free and compulsory education by the year 2000.
• Special Focus on Secondary Education for Marginalized Groups: Special provisions were made for secondary education for SC, ST, weaker classes, and girls.
• National Evaluation Association: The establishment of a National Evaluation Association was proposed for examination reforms.
• Allocation of Funds for Education: It was stated that more than 6% of the National Income would be allocated for education.

Difference between NPE 1986 and NPE 1992

The NPE 1986 and NPE 1992 policies played a crucial role in shaping India’s education system and continue to influence educational reforms in the country. Here are some key differences between the National Policy on Education (NPE) of 1986 and the revised NPE of 1992.

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National Policy on Education 1986 FAQs

The primary goal of NPE 1986 was to establish a more equitable and accessible education system for all.

For Hindi-speaking states, it recommends English, Hindi, and a modern Indian language. For non-Hindi speaking states, it suggests English, Hindi, and one Indian language.

NPE 1986 aimed to eradicate women's illiteracy by implementing specific initiatives and programs focused on providing education and support to women.

It signified the commitment to providing essential infrastructure, including blackboards, in primary schools.

The National Policy on Education 1986 is a significant policy framework that brought transformative changes to India's education system.

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National Curriculum Framework (NCF 2005)

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8 Revision of Programme of Action, 1986

• Published: November 2017
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This chapter describes the process and outcome of the revision of POA. The revision of POA had two objectives: first, spelling out the roadmap and a timeline for implementation of the revised policy postulates of NPE, 1986, and secondly taking stock of the implementation of the POA, 1986, and revising it in the light of the feedback from implementation. It critiques the contribution POA made to development of education. The most important contribution is the new district-based strategy it commended for universalization of elementary education; this strategy operationalized by DPEP and its progeny SSA spectacularly hastened the nation’s march towards universal elementary education. The Chapter describes the efforts of MHRD to implement the recommendations of the Ramamurti Committee regarding financing of higher education. It critiques the revision of fees by IITs and IIMs, the recommendations of the Punnayya Committee on the financing of Central universities and of the Swaminadhan Committee on technical education, and the implementation of those recommendations.

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National Policy On Education-1986

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