upsc essay answer booklet

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Topper’s Corner

• Interviews: +10,000
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Today's toppers , were yesterday's aspirants. They don't do different things. They just do the right things differently.Toppers Corner is your gateway to unravel the SUCCESS MANTRAS of the toppers.Explore their stories, strategies, analyse their copies, see how they got top scores, their profile and more!!

P K SIDHARTH

AIR-4 | 2023

AIR-9 | 2023

MEDHA ANAND

AIR-13 | 2023

AIR-16 | 2023

ANSHUL BHATT

AIR-22 | 2023

SAURABH SHARMA

AIR-23 | 2023

ISHITA KISHORE

AIR-1 | 2022

GARIMA LOHIA

AIR-2 | 2022

UMA HARATHI N

AIR-3 | 2022

• Topper's Story
• Topper's Strategy
• Topper's copy
• Topper's Profile
• Our Results

Topper's Copy

Gain rare insights into the minds of  IAS toppers  through their practice test answer scripts. Witness their mastery of content and analytical prowess. Learn effective  answer writing , time management, and strategic exam approaches from their exemplary responses. Whether you seek inspiration, guidance, or tactical insights, our collection of  IAS toppers' copies  serves as a beacon of knowledge for every  UPSC aspirant .

Toppers' Test Copy: 2023

General studies & essay:.

• Test Copy-1 (Economy)
• Test Copy-2 (Essay)
• Test Copy-3 (Polity)
• Test Copy-4 (Ethics)
• Test Copy-5 (Ethics)
• Test Copy-6 (Human & Economic Geography)
• Test Copy-7 (World History)
• Test Copy-8 (Essay)
• Test Copy-9 (Polity)
• Test Copy-10 (Physical Geography)
• Test Copy-1 (Essay)

AKASH VERMA

• Test Copy-1 (Ethics)
• Test Copy-1 (History)
• Test Copy-2 (Polity)
• Test Copy-4 (Polity)
• Test Copy-5 (Polity)
• Test Copy-6 (Polity)
• Test Copy-7 (Polity)
• Test Copy-8 (History)

PRAJNANANDAN GIRI

• Test Copy-1 (GS Paper-4)

PAWAN KUMAR GOEL

Kashish bakshi, vaibhav anand sharma.

• Test Copy-2 (Indian Polity+PIC)
• Test Copy-3 (History & Culture)
• Test Copy-4 (Environment + DM)
• Test Copy-4 (IR + Society)

ANIKET DNYANESHWAR HIRDE

Srishti mishra.

• Test Copy-1 (Art & Culture)
• Test Copy-2 (Governance)
• Test Copy-4 (Essay)
• Test Copy-6 (Economy)
• Test Copy-7 (Essay)
• Test Copy-8 (Economy)
• Test Copy-9 (Physical Geography)
• Test Copy-10 (Economy)
• Test Copy-11 (Ethics)
• Test Copy-12 (Essay)
• Test Copy-13 (Internal Security)
• Test Copy-14 (Internal Security)
• Test Copy-15 (International Relations)
• Test Copy-16 (World History)
• Test Copy-17 (IR + World History + Security)
• Test Copy-18 (Science & Tech)
• Test Copy-19 (Society)
• Test Copy-20 (Geography)
• Test Copy-21 (Polity)
• Test Copy-22 (Governance)
• Test Copy-23 (International Relations)
• Test Copy-24 (Economy)
• Test Copy-25 (Polity)
• Test Copy-26 (Polity)
• Test Copy-27 (Modern History)

CHAITANYA GIRI

• Test Copy-1 (Ethics Case Study)
• Test Copy-2 (Ethics)
• Test Copy-3 (Indian Polity)
• Test Copy-4 (PIC)

SIDDHARTH SRIVASTAVA

• Test Copy-3 (Essay)
• Test Copy-5 (Essay)
• Test Copy-6 (Essay)

ISHITA GUPTA

Sanket kumar, surbhi pathak.

• Test Copy-1 (Governance & Social Justice)
• Test Copy-5 (Economy)
• Test Copy-6 (International Relations)
• Test Copy-1 (GS Paper-3)
• Test Copy-2 (GS Paper-1)
• Test Copy-3 (GS Paper-2)

MANISH BHARDWAJ

• Test Copy-1 (Contemporary Issue)
• Test Copy-1 (Indian Economy)
• Test Copy-1 (General Study Paper-2)

VISHAL SINGH

Ananya rana, deepak meena, sachin rahar, harseerat kaur, akansh dhull, rahul kanwaria, manika gupta.

• Test Copy-1 (Polity)

ASHA SHARMA

Ambika raina.

• Test Copy-1 (GS Paper-2)
• Test Copy-2 (GS Paper-3)
• Test Copy-3 (Ethics)

PRACHI RATHI

Palak goyal.

• Test Copy-2 (Environment)
• Test Copy-3 (Geography)
• Test Copy-4 (Science & Technology)
• Test Copy-8 (Polity)
• Test Copy-9 (History)
• Test Copy-11 (Economy)
• Test Copy-12 (History)
• Test Copy-13 (History)
• Test Copy-14 (Economy)
• Test Copy-15 (Economy)
• Test Copy-16 (Environment)
• Test Copy-17 (Environment)
• Test Copy-18 (Environment)
• Test Copy-19 (Environment)
• Test Copy-21 (Geography)
• Test Copy-22 (History)
• Test Copy-23 (History)
• Test Copy-24 (Science & Technology)
• Test Copy-27 (Polity)
• Test Copy-28 (Polity)
• Test Copy-29 (Polity)
• Test Copy-30 (Polity)
• Test Copy-31 (Geography)

MAHAJAN HARSHAL RAJESH

Sarika choudhary.

• Test Copy-2 (Economy)

DIVYANSHU PAL NAGAR

• Test Copy-9 (Essay)

YASH VISHEN

Prajwal chaurasia, hemant kumar sahu.

• Test Copy-5 (History)
• Test Copy-6 (History)
• Test Copy-7 (History)
• Test Copy-9 (Economy)
• Test Copy-10 (Geography)
• Test Copy-11 (Geography)
• Test Copy-12 (Environment)
• Test Copy-13 (Economy)
• Test Copy-16 (Economy)
• Test Copy-17 (History)
• Test Copy-18 (History)
• Test Copy-19 (History)
• Test Copy-20 (Polity)

AYUSH MANI CHAUDHARY

• Test Copy-6 (Ethics)
• Test Copy-10 (Ethics)

PRADEEP KUMAR CHOUDHARY

• Test Copy-1 (GS Paper-1)

DEEPAK NAIN

Baviskar pritesh ashok, rekulwar subham, mahalle mayuri madhavrao, sanjay yadav, koyye chitti raju, ankush bicka.

• Test Copy-1 (GS Paper-IV)
• Test Copy-3 (GS Paper-I)
• Test Copy-4 (GS Paper-IV)

AISHWARYA DADARAO UKEY

• Test Copy-1 (GS Paper -1)
• Test Copy-2 (GS Paper -2)
• Test Copy-2 (GS Paper -3)

VIJAY PRATAP SINGH

• Test Copy-1 (Philosophical Essay)
• Test Copy-2 (Philosophical Essay)
• Test Copy-3 (Contemporary issue based essay)
• Test Copy-4 (Contemporary issue based essay)

History Optional:

• Test Copy-1 (History Optional)
• Test Copy-2 (History Optional)
• Test Copy-3 (History Optional)
• Test Copy-4 (History Optional)
• Test Copy-5 (History Optional)

NIDHI GOYAL

Rajendra bishnoi.

• Test Copy-6 (History Optional)

UDIT KADIAN

• Test Copy-7 (History Optional)
• Test Copy-8 (History Optional)
• Test Copy-9 (History Optional)
• Test Copy-10 (History Optional)
• Test Copy-11 (History Optional)

SURBHI JAIN

Gyanendra bharti, pradeep goyal, psir optional:, kunal rastogi.

• Test Copy-1 (PSIR Optional)
• Test Copy-2 (PSIR Optional)
• Test Copy-3 (PSIR Optional)

ABHIMANYU MALIK

Mrinalika rathore.

• Test Copy-4 (PSIR Optional)
• Test Copy-5 (PSIR Optional)
• Test Copy-6 (PSIR Optional)
• Test Copy-7 (PSIR Optional)
• Test Copy-8 (PSIR Optional)
• Test Copy-9 (PSIR Optional)
• Test Copy-10 (PSIR Optional)
• Test Copy-11 (PSIR Optional)
• Test Copy-12 (PSIR Optional)

KRITI TRIPATHI

Suyash kumar singh, mayank mishra, prince babu mishra, bipin kumar singh, avinash kumar, aditya anil bamane, anthropology optional:, shivansh singh.

• Test Copy-1 (Anthropology Optional)
• Test Copy-2 (Anthropology Optional)

PENKEESU DHEERAJ REDDY

Harnit singh sudan.

• Test Copy-1 (Anthropology)
• Test Copy-2 (Anthropology)
• Test Copy-3 (Anthropology)
• Test Copy-4 (Anthropology)
• Test Copy-5 (Anthropology)
• Test Copy-6 (Anthropology)
• Test Copy-7 (Anthropology)
• Test Copy-8 (Anthropology)
• Test Copy-3 (Anthropology Optional)
• Test Copy-4 (Anthropology Optional)

Geography Optional:

• Test Copy-1 (Geography Optional)

RISHENDRA SINGH

• Test Copy-2 (Geography Optional)
• Test Copy-3 (Geography Optional)
• Test Copy-4 (Geography Optional)
• Test Copy-5 (Geography Optional)
• Test Copy-6 (Geography Optional)

SINDHU N RAGHAVAN

Rohit kumar.

• Test Copy-7 (Geography Optional)

ANUSHKA SARKAR

Abhishek dange, krishnakumar g, ritwik mehta, sairaj mishra.

• Test Copy-8 (Geography Optional)
• Test Copy-9 (Geography Optional)
• Test Copy-10 (Geography Optional)
• Test Copy-11 (Geography Optional)

NITISH KUMAR

Suman saurabh, rashmi paikra, public administration optional:, dhruv sapra.

• Test Copy-1 (Public Administration Optional)

IMSURENLA LONGKUMER

• Test Copy-2 (Public Administration Optional)
• Test Copy-3 (Public Administration Optional)
• Test Copy-4 (Public Administration Optional)
• Test Copy-5 (Public Administration Optional)
• Test Copy-6 (Public Administration Optional)
• Test Copy-7 (Public Administration Optional)
• Test Copy-8 (Public Administration Optional)
• Test Copy-9 (Public Administration Optional)
• Test Copy-10 (Public Administration Optional)

Sociology Optional:

• Test Copy-1 (Sociology Optional)
• Test Copy-2 (Sociology Optional)

KHAN SAIMA SERAJ AHMED

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UPSC CSE Main 2021 specimen question cum answer booklet: Direct link to download

Upsc cse main 2021: union public service commission (upsc) has released the specimen question cum answer booklets (qcab) for the civil services (main) examination 2021 on its official website. .

Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) has released the specimen question cum answer booklets (QCAB) for the Civil Services (Main) Examination 2021 on its official website.  Candidates can visit the website and download the specimen booklets for English/Indian Language , Essay , General Studies I , and Public Administration I subjects.

How to access the Specimen Booklets?

Candidates can access the booklets by following the given steps:

1. Visit https://www.upsc.gov.in/

2. Click on ‘Examination’

3. Click on ‘Specimen Question Cum Answer Booklet (QCAB)’

4. ‘Specimen Question Cum Answer Booklet (QCAB)’ Page consisting of a Table will open

5. Select the subjects given beside Civil Services (Main) Examination title

Candidates can download the booklets for further practice.

UPSC had on December 15 released the admit cards for Civil Services Examination (CSE) Main 2021. The UPSC civil services main examinations will be held on January 7, 8,9, 15 and 16 2022.

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[Download] DISHA’s Free E-Book for UPSC Mains & Essay Preparation! अबकी बार, IAS पार!

Essay writing, gs paper 1 – history, geography, society, gs paper 2 – polity, governance, and international relation, gs paper 3 – economy, environment, internal security, gs paper 4 – ethics, integrity and aptitude.

• Dear aspirants, your shortlisting for the UPSC IAS Interview will be based on your score in the IAS Mains exam scheduled to be held between September, 2019.
• The IAS Main exam is a complete subjective test where you have to appear in 5 tests – Essay Writing, GS 1, GS 2, GS 3 & GS 4.
• The essays/ questions in these tests evolve around your understanding of the various events, ideas & issues prevailing in India. Your success depends upon two aspects – your understanding and your ability to present your thoughts. Every examiner looks into your answer, to see how well you have grasped the topic. It is important, therefore, to arrange your ideas, facts or quotes in a systematic way. A well-presented answer compels the examiner to read through at a first glance.
• In this regard, we are pleased to present our free e-books to help you in this journey.

What is asked in the exam? You have to write essays on 2 Topics out of a list of 8 Topics, in 1000 – 1200 words, in 3 Hours. For example

• What are the major water disputes between states in India? Can a centralized approach help solve water disputes?
• What is the importance of higher education in 21st century and how can it make a difference in people’s social life?
• Do you think skilling the youth has become vital for tackling unemployment in India?
• Do you think it would be possible to sustain high growth in the long term without environmental care?
• What role do you see for India in changing global world order?

? Click me to download FREE ebook containing above topics

Further, our Essay book contains a comprehensive list of 121 essays to tackle all such essays for UPSC Exam. With the upcoming independence day, we are pleased to make our ebooks available starting at the attractive price of just 9 rupees !

What is asked in the exam? You have to write answers to 20 Questions, in 150/ 250 words (as mentioned against each question) in 3 Hours. For this, we are pleased to share with you an ebook containing following topics:

? Click me to download FREE ebook containing following topics/ chapters

• Tips on how to write the Best Answers to GS Paper 1 Questions
• 25 Most Important Topics for IAS Mains GS 2019 Paper-1
• Important Cultural sites and Monuments in India.
• Classical and Regional Dances of India.
• Hindustani, Carnatic and Regional music of India.
• Indian Architecture like- Indus Civilization, Buddhist Architecture, Temple Architecture, Indo-Islamic Architecture, Modern Architecture.
• Indian Sculpture – Indus Civilization, Buddhist Sculpture, Gupta Sculpture etc.

What is asked in the exam? You have to write answers to 20 Questions, in 150/ 250 words (as mentioned against each question) in 3 Hours.

• Tips on how to write the Best Answers to GS Paper 2 Questions
• 25 Most Important Topics for IAS Mains GS 2019 Paper-2
• Delegation by the legislators and disqualifying them by the Speaker.
• Contribution to Clean India Mission and Water Conservation by Local Government.
• Limit of expenditure set by the Election Commission.
• Gandhi’s views in the Indian Constitution.
• Right to Information.
• Tips on how to write the Best Answers to GS Paper 3 Questions
• 25 Most Important Topics for IAS Mains GS 2019 Paper-3
• Sustainable Development
• Universal Basic Income
• Important International Environmental Conventions and Conferences
• Environmental Pollution
• Biotechnology and Its Applications

What is asked in the exam? You have to write answers to 12 Questions, in 150/ 250 words (as mentioned against each question) in 3 Hours.

• Tips on how to write the Best Answers to GS Paper 4 Questions
• 20 Most Important Topics for or IAS Mains GS 2019 Paper-4
• Civil Service Values
• Moral Values and Obligations
• Conflict of Interest in different situations
• Ethical Conduct and Code of Ethics
• Approaches to deal with malpractices in public service/ administration

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UPSC Mains Answer Sheet

Download UPSC Mains Answer Sheet PDF Files

Download UPSC Mains Official Answer Booklets

* QCAB: Question Cum Answer Booklet (Question Paper + Answer Sheet)

• Essay & GS1-4 Questions categorised into topics and subtopics
• Classification according to the official UPSC syllabus
• Use of graphs to illustrate trends
• Year, question no., marks, word limit – mentioned against every question
• Also contains all essay and GS1-4 papers from 2013 to 2023, arranged in a chronological manner

Download UPSC Mains Common Mistakes Document

UPSC has provided a document that illustrates the common mistakes students make while writing UPSC mains.

We’ve listed the common mistakes as suggested by UPSC

• Writing irrelevant matters in QCAB
• Writing anything which may disclose the student’s identity
• Answering in mixed language medium
• Answering partly in ink and partly in pencil
• Direct/indirect appeal to examiner
• Bad/illegible handwriting
• Contravention of any other instructions

The following documents (provided by UPSC) illustrate these mistakes.

Further, the document also highlights the correct way to cancel the attempted answer, etc. Please download the PDF and have a look.

Importance of Using UPSC Mains Answer Sheets

The use of official answer sheets in UPSC (Union Public Service Commission) mains practice is of utmost importance and should not be overlooked. The UPSC mains examination is a crucial stage in the civil services selection process, and it demands meticulous preparation to ensure success. Here are some key reasons why using official answer sheets during practice is highly recommended:

Familiarity with the Format:

The official answer sheets used in UPSC mains have a specific format and structure. By practicing on these answer sheets, you will become familiar with the layout, spacing, and overall presentation, which can save time during the actual exam. It helps in organizing the answers coherently and presenting it in a structured manner.

Time Management

UPSC mains exam is known for its stringent time constraints. Answering questions within the given time limit can be challenging. Using official answer sheets during practice will help you understand how much to write for each question and how to allocate time effectively. This will aid in improving time management skills, allowing candidates to attempt all questions within the stipulated time.

Real Exam Simulation

Replicating the exam environment as closely as possible during practice is essential for building confidence and reducing exam-day anxiety. Using official answer sheets creates a realistic simulation of the actual exam, helping you adapt better to the exam hall environment.

Evaluation and Feedback

UPSC mains is not just about writing answers; it also involves evaluating and improving them. Practicing on these sheets will enable you to self-evaluate your answers critically and identify areas of improvement. Seeking feedback from mentors or experts becomes more effective when the answers are written on official sheets.

Accurate Word Count

The UPSC mains exam has word limits for some of the questions. Using official answer sheets will allow you to gauge the approximate word count of their responses, ensuring they adhere to the prescribed limits during the actual exam.

Enhancing Handwriting

Legible and neat handwriting is crucial for effective communication in the Mains exam. Regular practice on official answer sheets helps improve handwriting, making the answers easier to read and understand for the examiners.

Minimizing Errors

The official answer sheets are designed to avoid ambiguity and errors. Practicing with these sheets reduces the likelihood of making such errors during the actual exam.

Using official answer sheets in UPSC mains practice is an essential aspect of a well-rounded preparation strategy. It not only familiarizes students with the exam’s format and structure but also helps in managing time, simulating the real exam environment, and improving overall performance. Aspirants should make it a habit to practice extensively on official answer sheets to increase their chances of success in the UPSC Mains examination.

Sample Mains Answer Sheet (Single Page)

Official UPSC Website

• Collection of more than 3200 Previous Year Questions (1995-2023)
• All questions divided into 10 Subjects
• Subject further sub-divided into more than 75 topics
• All answers according to official answer key
• BEST PYQ CLASSIFICATION EVER !

Related Posts

Linking theory & current affairs in political science, how to write an exceptional essay.

UPSC Mains Answer Writing

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Study Material

Model Answers for UPSC Mains 2023

By vajiram & ravi.

Analysing UPSC Mains model answers is an essential and highly beneficial aspect of the preparation process. They are carefully written examples of the best possible answers to Mains exam questions, and they demonstrate the level of knowledge, analytical thinking, and writing skills that candidates are expected to have. Here are some key reasons why reading the model answers for UPSC Mains 2023 is important:

• Understanding Expectations: Model answers provide a clear understanding of the level of depth, breadth, and quality of response expected by the UPSC examiners. Aspirants can gauge the standard to which their answers should aspire.
• Content Enrichment : By reviewing model answers, candidates can identify gaps in their content. They can learn new information, facts, and insights that they might have missed during their preparation.
• Answer Structure: Model answers demonstrate how to structure responses effectively. Candidates can learn how to introduce a topic, build arguments logically, and conclude succinctly.
• Art of Conciseness: The UPSC values concise and focused responses. Analysing solved answers help candidates understand how to convey their points effectively within the word limit.
• Analytical Thinking: Model answers often showcase higher-order thinking and analytical skills. Candidates can learn how to approach complex questions with depth and clarity.
• Presentation Skills: Presentation matters in the UPSC Mains. Model answers can guide candidates on how to use headings, subheadings, bullet points, and diagrams effectively.
• Language and Expression: Aspirants can learn how to articulate ideas clearly and coherently. Model answers offer insights into using formal language and avoiding jargon or verbosity.
• Scoring Areas: By analysing solved answers, candidates can identify scoring areas within a question. This helps them allocate their time and effort wisely during the exam.

UPSC Mains Model Answers PDF

The UPSC Mains Model Answers PDF for the Civil Services Examination 2023 are an essential resource for any aspirant who wants to excel in this challenging exam. These model answers are not just solutions; they are comprehensive learning guides that can help you improve your writing skills and knowledge.

By studying the model answers, candidates can learn how to:

• Decode the demands of each question and tailor their responses accordingly.
• Articulate their ideas clearly and coherently in a formal style.
• Use language and expression effectively to communicate complex ideas in a simple yet eloquent way.
• Identify gaps in their content and use the model answers to enrich their knowledge. 

Access the UPSC Model Answers PDF for the General Studies Paper- I, II, III and IV for Main Examination 2023 from the given links below:

• GS Paper 1 Model Answers PDF
• GS Paper 2 Model Answers PDF
• GS Paper 3 Model Answers PDF
• GS Paper 4 Model Answers PDF

UPSC Mains GS I to IV Detailed Analysis

Watch the following videos to look at the detailed analysis of GS papers 1 to 4 of the Mains 2023 examination. It will help candidates to understand what can be included in the answers of UPSC Mains and the approach to write detailed answers.

GS Paper 1 Detailed Analysis:

GS Paper 2 Analysis:

GS Paper 3 Analysis:

GS Paper 4 Analysis:

Solved Answers for UPSC Mains GS Paper 1

There are 20 questions asked in the GS papers in the Mains exam. Solved answers to two questions are shared below.

• Explain the role of Geographical Factors towards the development of Ancient India .
• What was the difference between Mahatma Gandhi and Rabindranath Tagore in their approach towards education and nationalism?
• Bring about the Socio-Economic Effects of the Introduction of Railways in Different Countries of the World.
• Discuss the Consequences of Climate Change on the Food Security in Tropical Countries.
• Why is the world today confronted with a crisis of availability of and access to freshwater resources?
• How are the fjords formed? Why do they constitute some of the most picturesque areas of the world?
• Do you think marriage as a sacrament is losing its value in modern India?
• Explain why suicide among young women is increasing in Indian society.
• Child cuddling is now being replaced by mobile phones. Discuss its impact on the socialisation of children.
• What are the main features of Vedic society and religion? Do you think some of the features are still prevailing in Indian society?
• What were the major technological changes introduced during the Sultanate period? How did those technological changes influence the Indian society?
• How did colonial rule affect the tribals in India and what was the tribal response to colonial oppression?
• Comment on the resource potentials of the long coastline of India and highlight the status of natural hazard preparedness in these areas.
• Identify and discuss the factors responsible for diversity of Natural Vegetation in India. Assess the significance of wildlife sanctuaries in rainforest regions of India.
• Why did human development fail to keep pace with economic development in India?
• From being net food importer in the 1960s, India has emerged as a net food exporter to the world. Provide reasons.
• Does urbanisation lead to more segregation and/or marginalisation of the poor in Indian metropolises?
• Why is caste identity in India both fluid and static?
• Discuss the impact of post-liberal economy on ethnic identity and communalism.

 UPSC Mains Model Answers GS Paper 2

The sample answers of UPSC Mains GS Paper 2 are shared here:

• "Constitutionally guaranteed judicial independence is a prerequisite of democracy”. Comment.
• Who are entitled to receive free legal aid? Assess the role of the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) in rendering free legal aid in India.
• “The states in India seem reluctant to empower urban local bodies both functionally as well as financially.” Comment.
• Compare and Contrast the British and Indian approaches to Parliamentary Sovereignty.
• Discuss the role of Presiding Officers of state legislatures in maintaining order and impartiality in conducting legislative work and in facilitating best democratic practices.
• The crucial aspect of development process has been the inadequate attention paid to Human Resource Development in India. Suggest measures that can address this adequacy.
• Discuss the role of the Competition Commission of India in containing the abuse of dominant position by the Multinational Corporations in India. Refer to the recent decisions.
• e-governance, as a critical tool of governance, has ushered in effectiveness, transparency and accountability in governments. What inadequacies hamper the enhancement of these features?
• 'Virus of Conflict is affecting the functioning of the SCO.' In the light of the above statement, point out the role of India in mitigating the problems.
• Indian diaspora has scaled new heights in the West. Describe its economic and political benefits for India.
• “The Constitution of India is a living instrument with capabilities of enormous dynamism. It is a constitution made for a progressive society.” Illustrate.
• Explain the constitutional perspectives of Gender Justice with the help of relevant Constitutional Provisions and case laws.
• Account for the legal and political factors responsible for the reduced frequency of using Article 356 by the Union Governments since mid 1990s.
• Discuss the contribution of civil society groups for women’s effective and meaningful participation and representation in state legislatures in India.
• Explain the significance of the 101st Constitutional Amendment Act. To what extent does it reflect the accommodative spirit of federalism?
• Explain the structure of the Parliamentary Committee system. How far have the financial committees helped in the institutionalisation of the Indian Parliament?
• “Development and welfare schemes for the vulnerable, by its nature, are discriminatory in approach.” Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer.
• Skill development programs have succeeded in increasing human resources supply to various sectors. In the context of the statement, analyze the linkages between education, skill and employment.
• The expansion and strengthening of NATO and a stronger US-Europe strategic partnership works well in India.’ What is your opinion about this statement? Give reasons and examples to support your answer.
• Sea is an important Component of the Cosmos’. Discuss in the light of the above statement the role of the IMO (International Maritime Organisation) in protecting the environment and enhancing maritime safety and security.

Model Answers for UPSC Mains GS Paper 3

• Faster economic growth requires increased share of the manufacturing sector in GDP, particularly of MSMEs. Comment on the present policies of the Government in this regard.
• What is the status of digitalization in the Indian economy? Examine the problems faced in this regard and suggest improvements.
• How does e-Technology help farmers in production and marketing of agricultural produce? Explain it.
• State the objectives and measures of land reforms in India. Discuss how land ceiling policy on landholding can be considered as an effective reform under economic criteria.
• Introduce the concept of Artificial Intelligence (AI). How does AI help clinical diagnosis? Do you perceive any threat to privacy of the individual in the use of AI in the healthcare?
• Discuss several ways in which microorganisms can help in meeting the current fuel shortage.
• Dam failures are always catastrophic, especially on the downstream side, resulting in a colossal loss of life and property. Analyze the various causes of dam failures.
• What is oil pollution? What are its impacts on the marine ecosystem? In what way is oil pollution particularly harmful for a country like India?
• Winning of ‘Hearts and Minds’ in terrorism affected areas is an essential step in restoring the trust of the population. Discuss the measures adopted by the Government in this respect as part of the conflict resolution in Jammu and Kashmir.
• The use of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs) by our adversaries across the borders to ferry arms/ammunitions, drugs, etc., is a serious threat to the internal security. Comment on the measures being taken to tackle this threat.
• Most of the unemployment in India is structural in nature. Examine the methodology adopted to compute unemployment in the country and suggest improvements.
• Distinguish between ‘care economy’ and ‘monetized economy’. How can care economy be brought into monetized economy through women empowerment?
• Explain the changes in cropping pattern in India in the context of changes in consumption pattern and marketing conditions.
• What are the direct and indirect subsidies provided to the farm sector in India? Discuss the issues raised by the World Trade Organization(WTO) in relation to agricultural subsidies.
• The adoption of electric vehicles is rapidly growing worldwide. How do electric vehicles contribute to reducing carbon emissions and what are the key benefits they offer compared to traditional combustion engine vehicles?
• What is the main task of India’s third moon mission which could not be achieved in its earlier mission? List the countries that have achieved this task. Introduce the subsystems in the spacecraft launched and explain the role of the ‘Virtual Launch Control Centre’ at the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre which contributed to the successful launch from Sriharikota.
• Comment on the National Wetland Conservation Programme initiated by the Government of India and name a few India’s wetlands of international importance included in the Ramsar Sites.
• The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) has predicted a global sea level rise of about one metre by AD 2100. What would be its impact in India and the other countries in the Indian Ocean region?
• What are the internal security challenges being faced by India? Give out the role of Central Intelligence and Investigative Agencies tasked to counter such threats.
• Give out the major sources of terror funding in India and efforts being made to curtail these sources. In the light of this, also discuss the aim and objective of the ‘ No Money for Terror [NMFT]’ Conference recently held at New Delhi in November 2022.

Model Answers for UPSC Mains GS Paper 4

• What do you understand by ‘moral integrity’ and ‘professional efficiency’ in the context of corporate governance in India? Illustrate with suitable examples.
• International aid' is an accepted form of helping resource-challenged' nations, Comment on ethics in contemporary international aid. Support your answer with suitable examples.
• “Corruption is the manifestation of the failure of core values in the society.” In your opinion what measures can be adopted to uplift the core values in the society?
• Differentiate ‘moral intuition’ from ‘moral reasoning with suitable examples.
• What were the major teachings of Guru Nanak? Explain their relevance in the contemporary world.
• Explain the term social capital. How does it enhance good governance?

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• IAS Preparation
• UPSC Preparation Strategy
• Topic Wise Essay Questions From UPSC Mains 1994 2018

Last 25 Years Topic-wise Essay Questions From UPSC Mains (1994 - 2018)

Paper I of the UPSC Civil Services mains exam is the Essay. Here, prelims-qualified IAS aspirants have to write two essays out of a few given topics. The paper is for a total of 250 marks and its marks are taken into consideration for the Final Merit List. In this article, we have listed all the essay topics asked in the UPSC mains exam from 1994 to 2018. We have also classified the last 25 years essay questions into topics to make your preparation easier.

Latest – See the UPSC Essay Topics in the IAS Mains 2020 Essay Paper. Download UPSC Mains 2020 Essay Paper from the linked article.

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UPSC Essay Topics

Administration.

• Politics, bureaucracy and business – fatal triangle. (1994)
• Politics without ethics is a disaster. (1995)
• The VIP cult is a bane of Indian democracy. (1996)
• Need for transparency in public administration. (1996)
• The country’s need for a better disaster management system. (2000)
• How should a civil servant conduct himself? (2003)

Democracy/India since independence

• Whither Indian democracy? (1995)
• What we have not learnt during fifty years of independence. (1997)
• Why should we be proud of being Indians? (2000)
• What have we gained from our democratic set-up? (2001)
• How far has democracy in India delivered the goods? (2003)
• National identity and patriotism. (2008)
• In the context of Gandhiji’s views on the matter, explore, on an evolutionary scale, the terms ‘Swadhinata’, ‘Swaraj’ and ‘Dharmarajya’. Critically comment on their contemporary relevance to Indian democracy. (2012)
• Is the colonial mentality hindering India’s success? (2013)
• Dreams which should not let India sleep. (2015)
• Management of Indian border disputes – a complex task. (2018)

Economic growth and development

• Resource management in the Indian context. (1999)
• GDP (Gross Domestic Product) along with GDH (Gross Domestic Happiness) would be the right indices for judging the wellbeing of a country. (2013)
• Was it the policy paralysis or the paralysis of implementation which slowed the growth of our country? (2014)
• Crisis faced in India – moral or economic. (2015)
• Near jobless growth in India: An anomaly or an outcome of economic reforms. (2016)
• Digital economy: A leveller or a source of economic inequality. (2016)
• Innovation is the key determinant of economic growth and social welfare. (2016)
• Impact of the new economic measures on fiscal ties between the union and states in India. (2017)

Federalism, Decentralisation

• The language problem in India: its past, present and prospects. (1998)
• Water resources should be under the control of the central government. (2004)
• Evaluation of panchayati raj system in India from the point of view of eradication of power to people. (2007)
• Is autonomy the best answer to combat balkanization? (2007)
• Creation of smaller states and the consequent administrative, economic and developmental implication. (2011)
• Cooperative federalism: Myth or reality. (2016)
• Water disputes between States in federal India. (2016)

Indian Culture & Society

• The Indian society at the crossroads. (1994)
• New cults and godmen: a threat to traditional religion. (1996)
• The composite culture of India. (1998)
• Youth culture today. (1999)
• Modernism and our traditional socio-ethical values. (2000)
• Indian culture today: a myth or a reality? (2000)
• As civilization advances culture declines. (2003)
• From traditional Indian philanthropy to the gates-buffet model-a natural progression or a paradigm shift? (2010)
• Judicial activism. (1997)
• Judicial activism and Indian democracy. (2004)
• Justice must reach the poor. (2005)

Social justice/Poverty

• Reservation, politics and empowerment. (1999)
• Food security for sustainable national development. (2005)
• The focus of health care is increasingly getting skewed towards the ‘haves’ of our society. (2009)
• Farming has lost the ability to be a source of subsistence for the majority of farmers in India. (2017)
• Poverty anywhere is a threat to prosperity everywhere. (2018)

Media & Society

• Misinterpretation and misuse of freedom in India. (1998)
• Mass media and cultural invasion. (1999)
• Responsibility of media in a democracy. (2002)
• How has satellite television brought about cultural change in Indian mindsets? (2007)
• Role of media in good governance. (2008)
• Does Indian cinema shape our popular culture or merely reflect it? (2011)
• Is sting operation an invasion on privacy? (2014)

Environment/Urbanisation

• Urbanization is a blessing in disguise. (1997)
• Protection of ecology and environment is essential for sustained economic development. (2006)
• Urbanisation and its hazards. (2008)
• Should a moratorium be imposed on all fresh mining in tribal areas of the country? (2010)
• We may brave human laws but cannot resist natural laws. (2017)

Economic sectors/MNCs

• Multinational corporations – saviours or saboteurs. (1994)
• Globalization would finish small-scale industries in India. (2006)
• BPO boom in India. (2007)
• Special economic zone: boon or bane? (2008)
• Are our traditional handicrafts doomed to a slow death? (2009)
• Is the criticism that the Public-Private-Partnership (PPP) model for development is more of a bane than a boon in the Indian context, justified? (2012)
• Tourism: Can this be the next big thing for India? (2014)
• Restructuring of Indian education system. (1995)
• Literacy is growing very fast, but there is no corresponding growth in education. (1996)
• Irrelevance of the classroom. (2001)
• Privatization of higher education in India. (2002)
• Modern technological education and human values. (2002)
• What is real education? (2005)
• “Education for all” campaign in India: myth or reality. (2006)
• Independent thinking should be encouraged right from the childhood. (2007)
• Is an egalitarian society possible by educating the masses? (2008)
• Credit – based higher education system – status, opportunities and challenges. (2011)
• Is the growing level of competition good for the youth? (2014)
• Are the standardized tests good measure of academic ability or progress? (2014)
• Education without values, as useful as it is, seems rather to make a man more clever devil. (2015)
• Destiny of a nation is shaped in its classrooms. (2017)
• The new emerging women power: the ground realities. (1995)
• Greater political power alone will not improve women’s plight. (1997)
• Woman is god’s best creation. (1998)
• Women empowerment: challenges and prospects. (1999)
• Empowerment alone cannot help our women. (2001)
• Whither women’s emancipation? (2004)
• If women ruled the world. (2005)
• The hand that rocks the cradle. (2005)
• Women’s reservation bill would usher in empowerment for women in India. (2006)
• Managing work and home – is the Indian working woman getting a fair deal? (2012)
• If development is not engendered, it is endangered. (2016)
• Fulfillment of ‘new woman’ in India is a myth. (2017)

Quotes-based/Philosophy

• Youth is a blunder, manhood a struggle, old age a regret. (1994)
• Useless life is an early death. (1994)
• Disinterested intellectual curiosity is the lifeblood of civilisation. (1995)
• When money speaks, the truth is silent. (1995)
• Our deeds determine us, as much as we determine our deeds. (1995)
• Truth is lived, not taught. (1996)
• True religion cannot be misused. (1997)
• Search for truth can only be a spiritual problem. (2002)
• The paths of glory lead but to the grave. (2002)
• If youth knew, if age could. (2002)
• There is nothing either good or bad but thinking makes it so. (2003)
• Be the change you want to see in others. (2013)
• With greater power comes greater responsibility. (2014)
• Words are sharper than the two-edged sword. (2014)
• Lending hands to someone is better than giving a dole. (2015)
• “The past’ is a permanent dimension of human consciousness and values. (2018)
• Reality does not conform to the ideal, but confirms it. (2018)
• Attitude makes habit, habit makes character and character makes a man. (2007)
• Discipline means success, anarchy means ruin. (2008)
• Character of an institution is reflected in its leader. (2015)
• Need brings greed, if greed increases it spoils breed. (2016)
• Joy is the simplest form of gratitude. (2017)
• A good life is one inspired by love and guided by knowledge. (2018)
• A people that values its privileges above its principles loses both. (2018)
• Customary morality cannot be a guide to modern life. (2018)

Globalisation

• Modernisation and westernisation are not identical concepts. (1994)
• The world of the twenty-first century. (1998)
• The implications of globalization for India. (2000)
• My vision of an ideal world order. (2001)
• The masks of new imperialism. (2003)
• Globalizations and its impact on Indian culture. (2004)
• ‘Globalization’ vs. ‘nationalism’. (2009)
• Preparedness of our society for India’s global leadership role. (2010)

Science & Tech

• The modern doctor and his patients. (1997)
• Value-based science and education. (1999)
• The march of science and the erosion of human values. (2001)
• Spirituality and scientific temper. (2003)
• The lure of space. (2004)
• Science and Mysticism: Are they compatible? (2012)
• Science and technology is the panacea for the growth and security of the nation. (2013)
• Technology cannot replace manpower. (2015)
• Alternative technologies for a climate change resilient India. (2018)

Internet/IT

• The cyberworld: its charms and challenges. (2000)
• Increasing computerization would lead to the creation of a dehumanized society. (2006)
• Cyberspace and Internet: Blessing or curse to the human civilization in the long run. (2016)
• Social media is inherently a selfish medium. (2017)

International organisations/relations

• Restructuring of UNO reflect present realities. (1996)
• India’s role in promoting ASEAN cooperation. (2004)
• Importance of Indo-US nuclear agreement. (2006)
• Has the Non- Alignment Movement (NAM) lost its relevance in a multipolar world. (2017)
• Terrorism and world peace. (2005)
• Are we a ‘soft’ state? (2009)
• Good fences make good neighbours. (2009)
• In the Indian context, both human intelligence and technical intelligence are crucial in combating terrorism. (2011)

Miscellaneous

• India’s contribution to world wisdom. (1998)
• The pursuit of excellence. (2001)
• Geography may remain the same; history need not. (2010)
• Fifty Golds in Olympics: Can this be a reality for India? (2014)
• Quick but steady wins the race. (2015)

When preparing for IAS Mains, aspirants must focus on UPSC Mains Answer Writing Practise as this will improve one’s speed, efficiency and writing skills. It will automatically help in essay writing as well. 

Also, read:

Frequently Asked Questions on UPSC Essay Topics for UPSC Mains

Q 1. how can i write a good essay in upsc, q 2. does handwriting matter in upsc.

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Essay – Civil Services Books – Mains Exam

Last updated on March 15, 2023 by Alex Andrews George

UPSC Civil Service Mains Paper 1 (popularly known as essay paper) is now of 250 marks.

Candidates may be required to write essays on multiple topics (two topics as of now). They will be expected to keep close to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in an orderly fashion and to write concisely.

Credit will be given for effective and exact expression.

Table of Contents

Recommended Books for Essay Paper – Civil Services Books – Mains Exam

• Essays for Civil Services and Other Competitive Examinations by Pulkit Khare .
• Selected Contemporary Essays by Saumitra Mohan (MHE)
• Essay Paper for Civil Services Main Examination by Pavneet Singh and Sonali Bansal
• A Book of Essays by Kalpana Rajaram
• 151 ESSAYS For UPSC Mains Various State Public Service Commissions and Other competitive Examinations
• English-Hindi-Essay Compulsory- UPSC Mains Examination
• ESSAYS(101 Current) for Competitive Exams

How to write a good essay

Here are some tips for writing a good essay:

• Read and understand the essay topic: Ensure that you understand the topic and what is expected of you in the essay.
• Plan and structure: Plan the flow of your essay and create an outline to ensure that your essay has a clear structure.
• Write in a clear and concise manner: Make sure your writing is easy to understand and avoids unnecessary technical terms or jargon.
• Use examples and evidence: Use real-life examples and supporting evidence to reinforce your arguments.
• Address counter-arguments: Consider and address any counter-arguments to strengthen your essay.
• Conclusion: Sum up your key arguments and present a clear conclusion.
• Edit and proofread: Revise your essay several times to ensure that it is error-free and presents your ideas effectively.

Remember to write in a way that is analytical, evaluative and comprehensive. Also, ensure that you stick to the word limit and allocate enough time for each essay.

To get a detailed idea on how to write a good essay, click here

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About Alex Andrews George

Alex Andrews George is a mentor, author, and social entrepreneur. Alex is the founder of ClearIAS and one of the expert Civil Service Exam Trainers in India.

He is the author of many best-seller books like 'Important Judgments that transformed India' and 'Important Acts that transformed India'.

A trusted mentor and pioneer in online training , Alex's guidance, strategies, study-materials, and mock-exams have helped many aspirants to become IAS, IPS, and IFS officers.

Reader Interactions

August 8, 2016 at 6:57 am

June 18, 2017 at 11:08 am

I am preparing for 2018. Kindly share essay content .

June 14, 2021 at 2:45 pm

Clear hua kya aapka ?.?

April 17, 2018 at 11:28 am

Should I buy all the books or any one is OK. Please reply……

April 17, 2018 at 2:23 pm

Start with 1 book.

March 9, 2019 at 12:07 pm

plz send essay content

August 25, 2019 at 2:23 pm

Sir , what are the books to read so that i can have a good content for mains examination? I have certain books which are universal for UPSC CS .. For mains i am confused same are enough or not ..if not from where will i get the content ..

November 28, 2019 at 2:28 am

Hello I want to buy kirans upsc English essay solved till date how can I buy

December 22, 2019 at 6:27 am

Sir mughe IAS mains ke liye pahle kon si book Leni chahiye

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Answer Writing Booklet in the Page Size of UPSC CSE Mains QCAB

|   2 year(s) ago

How many times have you encountered these thoughts?

1) My handwriting font is big / small and I don't know how many pages should I fill for different mark questions.

2) I'm unable to complete the questions in time.

3) How does a Mains answer booklet look in the exam?

4) Will I have enough space to write answers in the optional exam?

and many more.

Problem statement:

1) Most of us write Mains answers in A4 size (8.27 x 11.69 inches) pages and it is a wrong practice that can cause multiple issues. The answer booklet that you get in the mains exam is of the size - 8.5 x 10.5 inches. There is a difference of 7.9 square inches of area and this can make a difference of about 30 to 40 words.

2) Most of us are not aware of how many pages are provided in the mains answer booklet for 10 mark (gs and optional), 15 mark (gs and optional), 20 mark (ethics and optional) and essay type questions. As a result, we tend to write less or more for such questions when we practice in mock tests.

3) There are test series where they ask questions for 12.5 marks and provide 3 pages which is currently not asked in the UPSC CS Mains exam. This adds a lot of confusion about how much to write and why we cannot finish the paper in time.

The solution:

1) UPSC CS Mains QCAB has 2 pages allotted for every 10 mark questions, 3 pages for 15 mark questions, 4 pages for 20 mark questions and 12 pages for essay question.

2) IASPrepKit designed the booklets with a premium 300 GSM cover (with OHP transparent sheet) and 70 GSM inner pages and exactly same "writing area space" that you get within the margins of the UPSC CS Mains Exam (With an error range of 1 to 2%, which is the limit for any digital printing machine). The booklets are also 10.5 inches long so that you can build mental familiarity with the page size.

If you have been writing answers on A4, Use these Mains QCAB booklets once and see how you can properly answer the questions in the allotted time. It will make a significant difference in your confidence. 

• Most useful

Pancake   .  

commented 2 year(s) ago

Complete details: 

https://www.shop.iasprepkit.com/category/418325/mains-answer-writing-booklets-upsc-size

Madhur_Shakya   .  

commented 1 year(s) ago

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[Admissions Open] Revamped YLM (Year-long Mains) Test Series for UPSC CSE IAS Exam 2025 | Starts on 28th May 2024

Starts on: 28th May 2024

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Click here to download the timetable (full package), click here to download the timetable (only gs).

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If you are looking for a timetable to stay disciplined and improve your answer writing skills along with multiple revisions,  Look no further! We have just the right initiative for you:  the YLM 2025 1.0  (Year-long Mains Test Series 1.0)

The saying “Read to remember and Write to retain” holds true based on our experience of guiding several thousand aspirants. We have learnt that it’s essential for aspirants to not only read and learn from textbooks but also to analyze, understand, and apply the concepts learned in a structured format. This approach enables them to identify mistakes quickly as they practice and improve the quality and speed of their answer writing and solving multiple-choice questions.

Abraham Lincoln  had said, “If I had five minutes to chop down a tree, I’d spend the first three sharpening my axe.”

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MAINS Specific Features:

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• Time-bound & Holistic Evaluation : Evaluation of the answer booklets written on the scheduled test date will be  ensured before the next test . Evaluation of the test booklets written on dates other than the test dates will be made  available within 6 WORKING DAYS . Our quality evaluation will effectively scrutinize the flaws in your answer writing in a holistic way. Our diverse parameters of scrutiny for GS, ESSAY & Ethics papers are shown below.

Detailed explanation of the timetable and tips to follow the timetable:

• It is designed to ensure that you will complete every subject in 4 rounds
• 1 st  Round is  Essential round where you can expect  the questions  to check your conceptual understanding.
• 2 nd  Round is  Breakthrough round where you will apply knowledge and skills to solve the questions. The papers will be categorized subject-wise.
• 3rd Round is Breakthrough Round based on GS-Papers.
• 4th Round is Simulation round where the entire paper mimics UPSC Papers and prepares you to tackle any kind of question.

2. Time Gap Between tests in Essential round is kept at 6 days for Mini-tests ad 9 days for FLTs . This will provide you ample time to cover the syllabus. Even if you are not able to complete the syllabus, do not panic, as you will be covering it again during the Revision tests and in the 2nd round.

3. Time Gap between the tests in Breakthrough round is kept at 8 days and for Round 3 it is kept at 8 days. Again, Revision Tests of Breakthrough round will equip you with confidence of having covered the syllabus 3 times by now. In the Breakthrough Round you will also be covering important releases by Government from which questions are expected every year – INDIA YEAR BOOK , ECONOMIC SURVEY & BUDGET.

4. Time Gap between the tests in Round 4 is kept at 7 days

5. There will be an Ethics Test before every FLT of Round 1

6. There will be an Essay test at equal intervals

7. The Simulation Round Mimics the UPSC exam and ensures you are well prepared for any kind of paper in the exam.

– Simulation Tests  will have GS as well as CSAT on the same day so that you get acclimatized to the UPSC Prelims exam.

– The MAINS examination in the simulation round will be conducted in 2 sets after Prelims exam.

What matters is your success – for you and us. Merely joining the Revamped IPM Test Series will not make you clear the exam. We will provide all the resources and support possible. But it is up to you- how resourceful you are & how well you choose to utilize our services and guidance. We want you to join our Insights IAS family ONLY if you are 100% committed to your goals. We want dedicated individuals who are willing to work hard. Insights IAS will be your faithful companion till your last step in this marathon journey.

“There is only 1 way to bridge the perceived gap between a person and his/her/their greatest dreams, and that is TO BEGIN!”- Richie Norton

Take the first step; make a decision that will change the trajectory of your life! Join us and work smartly to fulfill your dream. We eagerly look forward to welcoming you onboard as our student soon.  Come visit us,  your dream is worth pursuing.

Terms and conditions:

• Fees once paid is non-refundable and non-transferable.
• Insights IAS reserves all the rights to make any changes to the test series like schedule of the test series etc.
• At any point of time, subscription will not carry forward to next series even if the subscriber doesn’t write a single test under the subscribed test series package.
• Course is Valid till MAINS 2025

For any queries contact,

mail : [email protected]

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