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Fistula of the mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa in a patient with bacterial endocarditis: a case report and systematic literature review

A fistulous tract in the mitro-aortic intervalvular fibrosa (MAIVF) is a rare entity, which presents as a complication of endocarditis or surgical trauma. Generally, it is associated to a pseudoaneurysm of the...

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Comparison of quality of life in patients with mitral valve replacement and mitral valve repair in Imam Ali Hospital during 2014 to 2020: a cross-sectional study

Mitral valve failure is one of the most common valvular heart diseases worldwide. Valve replacement and repair have an impact on the quality of life of patients. Therefore, the present study was conducted to c...

Circumferent dissection of the ascending aorta resulting in the occlusion of supra-aortic vessels repaired using the frozen elephant trunk technique - a case report

Our patient presented with acute back pain and dyspnea, without neurological symptoms. The computed tomography (CT) scan showed a circumferent rupture of the ascending aortic intima which was invaginated in th...

A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing low-dose versus standard-dose computed tomography-guided lung biopsy

Despite the existence of several Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) investigating Low-Dose Computed Tomography (LDCT) as a guide in lung biopsies, conclusive findings remain elusive. To address this contentio...

Clinical analysis of temporary pacemaker implantation in 6 children with fulminant myocarditis

There is little literature on the use of temporary pacemakers in children with fulminant myocarditis. Therefore, we summarized the use of temporary cardiac pacemakers in children with fulminant myocarditis in ...

Spontaneous retroperitoneal haemorrhage after pulmonary endarterectomy surgery

Spontaneous retroperitoneal hematoma (SRH) is a rare complication of anticoagulation therapy. Presentation may vary from limb paresis to hypovolemic shock due to blood loss. The optimal treatment is controvers...

Role of surgical simulation on self-reported confidence level on cardiothoracic surgical trainees

Simulated self-practice using simulation models could improve fine motor skills and self confidence in surgical trainees.

New insights and novel perspectives in bileaflet mechanical heart valve prostheses thromboresistance

Although well-known for their thromboresistance, bileaflet mechanical heart valves (BMHV) require lifelong anti-thrombotic therapy. This must be associated with a certain level of thrombogenicity. Since both t...

Robot-assisted thoracoscopic resection of a posterior mediastinal tumor with immunoglobulin G4-related disease: a case report

Immunoglobulin (Ig)G4-related disease affects nearly every organ, and its clinical course varies depending on the involved organ; however, its occurrence in the mediastinum is rarely reported.

Model for predicting the recurrence of atrial fibrillation after monopolar or bipolar radiofrequency ablation in patients with AF and mitral valve disease

This study aimed to identify the risk factors for postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients with valvular atrial fibrillation, and establish predictive models of atrial fibrillation recurrence.

Antibiotic-loaded bone cement fixation technique combined with bilateral pectoralis major muscle flaps tension-free management for sternal infection after midline sternotomy

Deep sternal wound infection (DSWI) after midline sternotomy of cardiac surgery is a challenging complication that affects the outcome of surgery. This study aims to assess the clinical effectiveness of the an...

Pulmonary artery sarcoma affecting the pulmonary valve mistaken as pulmonary vasculitis: a case report and comparative literature review

Pulmonary arterial sarcomas (PAS) are rare aggressive tumours occurring mainly in the pulmonary trunk. We report a case of PAS involving the pulmonary trunk wall and valve, with uniform wall thickening which r...

In vivo mitral valve repair for the transplanted donor heart in orthotopic heart transplantation

A 53-year-old woman with the dilated phase of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy underwent orthotopic heart transplantation. The donor heart was evaluated as normal preoperatively without mitral regurgitation or the ...

Surgical choice for the treatment of partial intestinal ischemic necrosis caused by acute type a aortic dissection combined with malperfusion of superior mesenteric artery

Acute type A aortic dissection is a severe cardiovascular disease characterized by rapid onset and high mortality. Traditionally, urgent open aortic repair is performed after admission to prevent aortic ruptur...

Insight into the research history and trends of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection: a bibliometric analysis

Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is a rare congenital heart disease characterized by the inability of all pulmonary veins to connect to the left atrium. Our previous bibliometric article sum...

Enhanced external counterpulsation treatment improves multi-organ hemodynamics for postoperative liver transplantation patient. A case report

Post liver transplantation (LT) patients endure high morbidity rate of multi-organ ischemic symptoms following reperfusion. We hypothesize that enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) as a typical non-invasi...

Interval training suppresses nod-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome activation to improve cardiac function in myocardial infarction rats by hindering the activation of the transforming growth factor-β1 pathway

Myocardial infarction (MI) -induced cardiac dysfunction can be attenuated by aerobic exercises. This study explored the mechanism of interval training (IT) regulating cardiac function in MI rats, providing som...

Correction: Transit time flow measurement in arterial grafts

The original article was published in Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery 2024 19 :224

Anomalous circumflex artery encircling the aortic annulus: implications for mitral valve repair

Injury to coronary arteries during mitral surgery is a rare but life-threatening procedural complication, an anomalous origin and course of the left circumflex artery (LCx) increase this risk. Recognizing the ...

Whole exome sequencing and proteomics-based investigation of the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease with diffuse long lesion

The long-term prognosis of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) with diffuse long lesion underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains worse. Here, we...

Twenty-year experience following aortic valve replacement in patients younger than 60 years of age

Reports on long-term outcomes of surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR) for patients aged < 60 years are scarce in Japan. Hence, we aimed to evaluate these outcomes in patients aged < 60 years.

Efficacy and safety of intrapleural perfusion with hyperthermic chemotherapy for malignant pleural effusion: a meta-analysis

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intrapleural perfusion with hyperthermic chemotherapy (IPHC) in treating malignant pleural effusion (MPE).

Extension of interval between adjacent pulse delivery cycles to deal with myocardial ischemia by intravascular lithotripsy: case report

Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) represents a novel approach in the management of coronary calcification. This technique employs acoustic pressure waves, generated by a shockwave balloon, to effectively fractur...

Successful chimney endovascular aortic repair with reconstruction of three visceral branches for huge saccular juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm after trans-thoracoabdominal esophagectomy

Conventional graft replacement for a juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (JRAAA) remains challenging for high-risk patients since it often requires the reconstruction of some visceral arteries.

Export priority technique for Uni-portal thoracoscopic left upper lobectomy

Further explore the safety and feasibility of Uni-portal video assisted thoracoscopic (UVATS) left upper lobectomy by optimizing the treatment of incisions and blood vessels.

The efficacy and safety of intraoperative intravenous amiodarone in patients undergoing on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting surgery: a systemic review and PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis

To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of intraoperative intravenous amiodarone for arrhythmia prevention in on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients.

Study on risk factors and treatment strategies of hypoxemia after acute type a aortic dissection surgery

Acute type A aortic dissection is a life-threatening cardiovascular disease characterized by rapid onset and high mortality. Emergency surgery is the preferred and reliable treatment option. However, postopera...

Risk factors and prognostic significance of early postoperative complications for patients who underwent pneumonectomy for lung cancer

Although pneumonectomy has relatively high mortality and morbidity rates, it remains valid in the surgical treatment of lung cancer. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic significance of postoperative com...

miR-200b-3p relieved inflammation in patients with heart failure by regulating ZEB1 expression

MicroRNA-200b-3p (miR-200b-3p) plays a pivotal role in inflammatory responses and is implicated in various inflammatory disorders. In this study, we aim to explore the role of miR-200b-3p in the inflammatory r...

Pulmonary transplant complications: a radiologic review

Lung transplantation has become the definitive treatment for end stage respiratory disease. Numbers and survival rates have increased over the past decade, with transplant recipients living longer and with gre...

Mind the gap! Interdisciplinary approach to anterior chest wall reconstruction after total sternectomy

There are various reconstructive methods after total sternectomy. Reproducibility is scarce due to overall small patient numbers. Therefore we present a standardized, interdisciplinary approach for thoracic an...

Short-term and long-term outcomes of on-pump beating-heart coronary artery bypass surgery in dialysis and non-dialysis patients: a retrospective study in a single center

This study aimed to evaluate the short-term and long-term outcomes of dialysis and non-dialysis patients after On-pump beating-heart coronary artery bypass grafting (OPBH-CABG).

Postoperative serum mir-28-5p level has predictive value for the prognosis after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair

We explored the clinical significance of miR-28-5p pre- and post-endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) patients.

Del nido cardioplegia in adults: a retrospective observational study in comparison to modified St. Thomas cardioplegia in cardiac surgery

St. Thomas cardioplegia is commonly administered to adults, yet repeated dosing at brief intervals is required. Del Nido’s cardioplegic solution provides a prolonged duration of safe myocardial arrest, yet it ...

METTL14-mediated N6-methyladenosine modification induces the ferroptosis of hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced cardiomyocytes

Hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) induces cardiomyocyte ferroptosis, a core remodeling event in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Methyltransferase-like 14 (METTL14) emerges as a writer of N6-methyladenosine (...

Efficacy of selenium on patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Postoperative complications pose significant challenges in cardiac surgery and with the evolution of selenium as a potential anti-inflammatory agent, some studies reported its inefficiency. Thus, we conducted ...

Posterior pericardiotomy and the prevention of post-operative atrial fibrillation and cardiac tamponade in isolated coronary artery bypass grafting – A retrospective analysis

Post-Operative Atrial Fibrillation (POAF) is the most frequent complication of cardiac surgery and is associated with reduced survival, increased rates of cognitive changes and cerebrovascular accidents, heart...

Intraoperative central venous pressure during cardiopulmonary bypass is an alternative indicator for early prediction of acute kidney injury in adult cardiac surgery

The relationship between venous congestion in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and acute kidney injury (AKI) in cardiac surgery has not utterly substantiated. This study aimed at investigate the relationship betwe...

Diagnostic and prognostic value of plasma miR-106a-5p levels in patients with acute heart failure

It is essential to find reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis of acute heart failure (AHF) for its mitigation. Currently, increasing attention is paid to the role of microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) as ...

Mean computed tomography value to predict spread through air spaces in clinical N0 lung adenocarcinoma

The aim of this study was to assess the ability of radiologic factors such as mean computed tomography (mCT) value, consolidation/tumor ratio (C/T ratio), solid tumor size, and the maximum standardized uptake ...

On the way to the azygos vein: a road of return rather than ruined

The malposition of central venous catheters (CVCs) may lead to vascular damage, perforation, and even mediastinal injury. The malposition of CVC from the right subclavian vein into the azygos vein is extremely...

Outcomes in patients with aortic stenosis and severely reduced ejection fraction following surgical aortic valve replacement and transcatheter aortic valve replacement

Patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction demonstrate improvement in left ventricular injection fraction (LVEF) after aortic valve replacement (AVR). The timing and magnit...

Correction: Experience with aortic arch inclusion technique using artificial blood vessel for type A aortic dissection: an application study

The original article was published in Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery 2024 19 :189

Heparin-free veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in lung transplantation: a retrospective cohort study

In lung transplantation (LTx) surgery, veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) can provide mechanical circulatory support to patients with cardiopulmonary failure. However, the use of hepar...

Impact of postoperative cerebral complications in acute infective endocarditis: a retrospective single-center study

The treatment of patients with infective endocarditis (IE) who have preoperative cerebral complications remains less understood. Therefore, this study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the clinical outcomes of...

Enhanced recovery after surgery program focusing on chest tube management improves surgical recovery after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery

Chest drainage is a standard procedure in thoracoscopic surgery for lung cancer. However, chest tube placement may deteriorate the ventilation capacity and increase difficulty of postoperative management of pa...

Correction: Circ_0001786 facilitates gefitinib resistance and malignant progression in non-small cell lung cancer via miR-34b-5p/SRSF1

The original article was published in Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery 2024 19 :178

Giant unruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysms causing angina pectoris

Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (SVA) is a rare cardiac anomaly which can be congenital or acquired. Patients with SVA are commonly asymptomatic when the occupying effect of SVA is insignificant, while ruptured SVA...

Delayed surgery for acute type A aortic dissection: a retrospective review of an alternative surgical strategy in the COVID-19 era

During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, medical resources have often been limited to emergency surgeries. This study aimed to evaluate our experience with delayed surgery for acute type A aortic di...

Successful repair of recurrent ventricular septal perforation after myocardial infarction using double patch technique via right ventriculotomy: a case report

Post-myocardial infarction (MI) ventricular septal perforation (VSP) is a rare but life-threatening complication. Surgical repair is challenging and carries significant risks, particularly in the context of re...

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• v.47(4); 2020 Aug

A History of Cardiac Surgery: An Adventurous Voyage from Antiquity to the Artificial Heart

James j. livesay.

Department of Cardiac Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Clinical Professor of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston

A History of Cardiac Surgery: An Adventurous Voyage from Antiquity to the Artificial Heart . TeslerUgo Filippo. .   542 pages . Cambridge Scholars Publishing;  2020.   US $120.00 . .  ISBN: 978-1-527-54480-2.   Available from: Cambridgescholars.com and Google Books .  

Field of Medicine: History of medicine.

Format: Hardcover book. Trim size: 6 × 8.375 inches.

Recommended Readership: Anyone interested in medical history and the amazing discoveries and advances in the treatment of cardiovascular disease during the last century.

Content: 542 pages of text divided into 11 chapters, a bibliography, and an index.

Purpose: To report the history and development of cardiac surgery, as well as provide an account of the obstacles, discoveries, and personal lives of its pioneers.

Overview: Anyone interested in medical history, scientific discovery, and an entertaining story will find this book a delight to read. Others have reported the discoveries and technical advances of the past century that led to the successful surgical treatment of heart disease, but Tesler also tells the stories behind the stories. A cardiac surgeon for 50 years, Tesler is uniquely qualified as the author because he witnessed many of the events he relates and knew many of the pioneering surgeons. He trained with two of the most notable, Michael DeBakey and Denton Cooley, during the 1960s and 1970s, a period of explosive growth in the techniques and application of cardiac surgery.

The book is appealing and readable. Each chapter places a surgical problem in historical context, then briefly discusses the advance that resolved it and its relevance to treatment today. Then comes a chronology of the early attempts to treat each disorder, with an in-depth account of each discovery or new technique, the pioneer's personal struggle, and the clinical outcomes. Even more rewarding is the dramatic story of each pioneer's life afterward.

In Chapter 1, Tesler recounts the first successful attempt to repair a heart wound in 1896. Before that, he notes, surgical textbooks and authorities had proclaimed that “nature had placed the heart beyond the reach of surgeons” and that “any surgeon who would operate on the heart would lose the respect of his colleagues.” This chapter proceeds to detail the fundamental discoveries necessary for developing cardiac surgery, including anesthesia, antisepsis, blood transfusion, arterial anastomosis, cardiac catheterization, and the earliest techniques for treating congenital heart defects. Chapter 2 describes the discoveries of Alexis Carrel, recipient of the 1912 Nobel Prize for Physiology and Medicine, from the first techniques for arterial anastomosis to heart and kidney transplants in animals. Tesler tells the interesting story of Carrel and Charles Lindbergh's early efforts to develop a pump that would temporarily replace the heart's function and enable open cardiac repair.

In Chapter 3, Tesler recounts the earliest experiences in cardiac surgery with closed procedures for treating mitral stenosis, many of which were unsuccessful and fatal. Despite these failures, the techniques of closed mitral commissurotomy evolved. Tesler also describes the personalities of the early pioneers of these procedures—Charles Bailey, Dwight Harken, and Russell Brock—and their competitive interactions.

In Chapter 4, Tesler covers the next advance in cardiac surgery: the development of an extracorporeal pump and oxygenator to enable cardiopulmonary bypass. John Gibbon's pioneering effort to develop the pump would take almost 25 years, until the first successful closure of an atrial septal defect in 1953. What followed were numerous technical refinements by many other surgeons that led to the development of open heart surgery. DeBakey designed the roller pump; Ake Senning, Viking Olov Björk, and later Earle Kay and Frederick Cross, the rotating disc oxygenator; and Forest Dodrill, C. Walton Lillehei, and Richard DeWall, the bubble oxygenator. Even before the pump-oxygenator was developed, Lillehei used cross-circulation between a patient and a living related donor in 1954 to enable intracardiac repair in children. The earliest clinical experiences with open heart surgery were those of John Kirklin at Mayo Clinic, Lillehei in Minnesota, and Cooley in Houston. Tesler also provides a revealing synopsis of Cooley's early career and an unexpected diversion in Lillehei's career.

In Chapter 5, Tesler discusses Earl Bakken's development of the pacemaker—at Lillehei's request—to correct complete heart block, a complication of open repair of congenital heart defects that was uniformly fatal. Bakken later founded Medtronic for the manufacture of pacemakers.

Chapter 6 chronicles the development of the first prosthetic heart valves through the collaboration of surgeon Albert Starr and engineer Lowell Edwards, as well as subsequent engineering refinements in valve design (including bileaflet valves) by others. Tesler also describes important contributions in the use of biologic valves by Alain Carpentier, Magdi Yacoub, Tirone David, and Donald Ross, who developed techniques for valve repair, valve-sparing aortic replacement, homograft valve replacement, and porcine bioprosthesis implantation.

The history and development of surgical treatment for coronary artery disease are elaborated with many anecdotes in Chapter 7. Charles Bailey, and later William Longmire, performed the first surgical procedures for coronary artery disease in 1956 by means of direct coronary endarterectomy. Two years later, Longmire lacerated the right coronary artery in a patient and repaired it with the mammary artery, thus performing the first coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) operation. That same year, Mason Sones at the Cleveland Clinic inadvertently injected contrast agent into a patient's coronary artery while performing an aortogram. The patient experienced cardiac arrest but recovered. From this experience, Sones learned that the coronary arteries could be selectively entered to obtain coronary angiograms, leading to the development of diagnostic coronary angiography. Working with Sones in 1967, René Favaloro developed the technique of CABG with saphenous vein grafts, which he attached to the aorta. The technique would be widely adopted and become the most common cardiac operation for the next 5 decades. Favaloro later extended this application to patients with acute myocardial infarction. Arthur Vineberg was the first to implant the internal mammary artery into the myocardium, but his namesake procedure was not widely accepted. The pioneering work of Vasilii Kolesov in Russia and George Green in New York, however, demonstrated the feasibility of the internal mammary artery bypass to the coronary artery, which later became the preferred surgical treatment for coronary disease. Tesler then describes the early history of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, including the first balloon angioplasty by Andreas Gruentzig in 1977, and the subsequent development of coronary artery stents. He concludes by summarizing the findings of the SYNTAX trial, which compared the outcomes of CABG with those of percutaneous coronary intervention with stents.

The rich history of vascular surgery, from the first treatment of arterial trauma by Ambroise Paré in 1537 to the modern treatment of traumatic aortic dissection, is covered in Chapter 8. As Tesler makes clear, much of that history runs through Houston, with many contributions by DeBakey, Cooley, and Stanley Crawford. DeBakey and Cooley were third to report use of aortic homografts for abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in 1952, but by 1955 they had performed 245 such repairs. DeBakey formulated a classification system for aortic dissection and made, on his wife's sewing machine, the first Dacron grafts for arterial replacement. Cooley performed the first operations for repairing thoracic aortic aneurysms. Crawford devised both a system for classifying thoracoabdominal aneurysms and a technique for repairing them. Methods developed by Randall Griepp for hypothermic cerebral protection and by Hans Borst for extended elephant trunk repair facilitated repair of aortic arch aneurysms.

Chapter 9 retells the dramatic history of cardiac transplantation in cinematic style, with backstory and key actors. In 1967, after 10 years of laboratory experiments, Norman Shumway and Richard Lower had developed the necessary steps. Meanwhile, several cardiac surgeons in the United States (Shumway, Adrian Kantrowitz, James Hardy, and Lower) jockeyed to be first to perform cardiac transplants in humans. In December 1967, however, they and the world were surprised to learn that a young surgeon from South Africa, Christiaan Barnard, had performed the first successful cardiac transplant. This led to international acclaim for Barnard and rapid application of the procedure around the world, with 110 transplants performed in the first year. Cooley initially embraced the procedure and performed 17 transplants that year. Unfortunately, the early enthusiasm quickly turned to disappointment when most of the transplant recipients died of infection or rejection within months. The following year, only 17 transplants were performed, and by 1970, only 2 centers continued to perform them in the United States.

As Tesler relates, however, advances in the understanding of immunosuppression and transplant rejection made by Shumway's group at Stanford during the next decade helped revive interest in cardiac transplantation. The discovery and use of cyclosporine for selective immunosuppression and the use of endomyocardial biopsy to monitor transplanted hearts for rejection improved patient survival. By 1980, cardiac transplant programs around the world had resumed. Chapter 9's epilogue summarizes the life story of each pioneer in this field and the drama surrounding heart transplantation. Especially poignant is the disappointing story of Barnard's life after his sudden celebrity, a reminder of the cost of pride and arrogance.

In Chapter 10, Tesler tells the story of the artificial heart, a story of discovery and perseverance. In 1964, the United States government had begun funding a 10-year program in artificial heart research with grants to 3 investigators: DeBakey (Baylor), Willem Kolff (Cleveland Clinic), and Kantrowitz (Maimonides Hospital). Unknown in the West, Vladimir Demikhov in Russia had already used a mechanical device in animals in 1937. Kolff, developer of the first hemodialysis machine, worked with Tetsuzo Akutsu to implant an artificial heart in dogs in 1957. Domingo Liotta, a young Argentinian surgeon, began work at Baylor with DeBakey in 1961 to develop an artificial heart. At this point in his book, Tesler recounts carefully and in great detail the first implantation of an artificial heart in a human by Cooley and Liotta in April 1969; Tesler himself was personally involved in the procedure. Further developments led to clinical implantation of the Akutsu artificial heart by Cooley in 1981 and the Jarvik-7 by William DeVries in Utah in 1982.

Also covered in Chapter 10 is the evolution of axial-flow pumps for circulatory support and the consequent development of left ventricular assist devices (LVADs). As Tesler notes, clinical validation of the effectiveness of continuous-flow LVADs in patients with end-stage heart failure has directed interest away from the total artificial heart, but the promise of the total artificial heart remains to be realized.

Of note, Tesler devotes substantial space in Chapter 10 to the political, ethical, and legal disputes sparked by Cooley's first use of the artificial heart and the fascinating drama that unfolded in its aftermath. Ethical questions were raised about the technology's appropriate use and who should authorize it. A bitter feud erupted between DeBakey and Cooley, which would last almost 40 years and during which neither would speak to the other. An intense rivalry sprang up between the institutions they led. The story of their reconciliation, however, is inspiring. One year after DeBakey survived surgery for an acute aortic dissection at age 97, colleagues persuaded the rivals to reconcile. In October 2007, DeBakey was made an honorary member of the Denton A. Cooley Cardiovascular Surgical Society; months later, Cooley was honored in return by the Michael E. DeBakey International Surgical Society. In April 2008, DeBakey invited Cooley to attend the ceremony in which DeBakey was awarded the United States Congressional Medal of Honor. Afterward, DeBakey had a copy of the medal made and sent to Cooley, along with a letter acknowledging that he would never have earned the award without Cooley's help.

In Chapter 11, Tesler concludes his book by identifying current concerns about the future of cardiac surgery. Similar concerns have been raised before, he notes, only to be discarded when innovation and discovery led to new approaches that created an unparalleled and continuing demand for cardiac surgery.

Strengths: The book is very well written and should fascinate both medical professionals and the lay public. It accurately summarizes many significant and pioneering achievements in cardiac surgery in the 20th century. The author's personal accounts of the pioneers and their work also add to the book's appeal and enrich the presentation.

Weaknesses: The book covers so much history over the past century that it only briefly addresses contributions and advances made in the past 20 years.

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• Heart Surgery Forum Essays & Articles

Here is a series of essays that Dr. Curt Tribble (UVA Professor of Surgery and member of our lab) and colleagues have written for the Heart Surgery Forum in recent years. They’re ‘aimed’ at our younger learners (like residents and students). Some are technical, but most are more philosophical and thought-provoking.

Articles and Essays for Medical Students:

Are You Making Yourself Clear? You Can’t Communicate, or Think, Effectively if You Can’t Write Clearly. -Curt Tribble (Creating problem oriented clinic and progress notes)

Preparing for the Lurch into a Surgical Clerkship. -Curt Tribble and Dustin Walters (An article for 3rd year medical students starting their Surgery Clerkships)

The Mental Strategies of Surgeons – A Primer Part I. -Curt Tribble (This two part essay was influenced by my association with several UVA Sports Psychologists. It is aimed, at least partially, at students beginning their applications for Surgery residencies.)

The Mental Strategies of Surgeons – A Primer Part II. -Curt Tribble

The Calm Before the Storm: The 4th Year of Medical School Prior to a Surgery Residency. -Curt Tribble, Nick Teman, Walter Merrill (Preparing yourself to hit the ground running as a great surgical intern)

All the Light We May Fail to See: Learning from Talking to Strangers. -Curt Tribble (Reflecting on my appreciation for people who, especially in retrospect, helped me become a better doctor)

Helping Applicants Write Their Way into a Surgical Residency. -Curt Tribble (Writing a personal statement for application to a residency program)

The White Coat Ceremony: Welcome to the Medical Profession. -Stephen Ely and Curt Tribble

Zen and the Art of Thriving in the Clerkship Year of Medical School . -Curt Tribble, Nick Teman (As health care providers and as lifelong learners, we must also take care of ourselves and each other)

Editorials for Residents in Training:

All Bleeding Stops, Eventually (But: The Sooner The Better!). -Curt Tribble, Lam Pham, and Nick Teman (Your job is to stop the ongoing “oozing”)

On Becoming a Surgical Intern: Navigating the Lurch from Medical School to Internship. -Curt Tribble

A Practical Minded Obsession: With the Possibility and Consequence of Failure. -Curt Tribble (Analyzing and reporting outcomes, including at M&M conferences)

There Are a Lot of Things They Didn’t Tell Me When I Signed On: Helping Trainees Land a First Job. -Curt Tribble (Advice for residents looking for a job after training)

The Well-Tempered Clinic: The Clinical and Educational Importance of CV Surgical Clinics (With a nod to Johann Sebastian Bach). -Curt Tribble (An essay about running Surgical Clinics)

We Were Residents Once … And Young. -Nick Teman and Curt Tribble (Advice for trainees entering into a Thoracic & Cardiovascular Residency)

Articles and Essays for Young Attending Cardiac Surgeons:

Time for a Cool Change: Getting off on the Right Foot in a New Job. -Curt Tribble (Suggestions for starting into a new job, especially after completing residency)

A Shift to the Left: Teaching the Craft of Cardiac Surgery. -Curt Tribble (Strategies and tips for helping young faculty start teaching surgery)

On Becoming a Doctor of Humane Letters. -Curt Tribble (Some tips on writing letters to patients, families, and colleagues)

Lessons from Crew Resource Management for Cardiac Surgeons. -Patrick Marvil and Curt Tribble (Review of strategies from military aviation for cardiac surgery teams. Patrick was a Marine helicopter pilot and a UVA med student.)

Failing to Prepare is Preparing to Fail: The Known, The Known Unknown, and The Unknown Unknown. -Curt Tribble (How to prepare for cases)

Yoga Can Help You Practice and Teach Cardiothoracic Surgery -Chris Pastrana and Curt Tribble (One approach to deal with the ergonomic challenges of performing long and intense operations)

Conversations with Patients and Families:

Grandmother Rules: Crucial Conversations with Patients and Families. -Curt Tribble (The pre-op, post-op, and follow-up conversations for cardiac surgeons)

Knockin’ on Heaven’s Door: End of Life Decisions and Discussions. -Curt Tribble (The decisions and conversations necessary for withdrawal of support)

I Call That a Bargain. -Curt Tribble (Lessons learned from three remarkable patients and their families)

Pull Up a Chair, Sit Down, and Listen. -Curt Tribble (Advice for and examples of talking to patients and families)

Taking Care of Patients and Ourselves:

Give My Poor Heart Ease. -Curt Tribble (Notes on enhancing the experience of cardiac surgery patients)

Gimme 3 Steps (With a Nod to an American Rock Song from the 1970s). -Curt Tribble (Things one can say, one can ask, and one can do while interacting with patients and their families)

Always Keep Your Clothes in the Car. -Curt Tribble (How to care of oneself as a busy resident or surgeon)

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Jimmy Kimmel provides health update on son Billy after 3rd open heart surgery

The late night TV host opened up on social media.

Late night host Jimmy Kimmel provided a health update about his 7-year-old son Billy after Billy's third open heart surgery.

Kimmel took to Instagram on Sunday to share a long message detailing his son's operation and thanked the medical team for their work.

"This weekend, our boy Billy had his third (of three, we hope) open heart surgery. We went into this experience with a lot of optimism and nearly as much fear and came out with a new valve inside a happy, healthy kid," wrote Kimmel.

Kimmel garnered a lot of attention in 2017 when he tearfully recounted on "Jimmy Kimmel Live" the terrifying moment he learned about his son's heart defect.

"They did an echocardiogram, which is a sonogram of the heart, and found that Billy was born with a heart disease," Kimmel said on-air.

Doctors diagnosed Billy's condition as Tetralogy of Fallot and, at just 3 days old, he had open heart surgery to repair it.

"The pulmonary valve was completely blocked, and he has a hole in the wall between the left and right sides of his heart," Kimmel said of the condition at the time.

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Seven months later, after a second heart surgery, when Kimmel gave the world an update on his son's health, he took the opportunity to speak out on the fight for affordable healthcare.

"No parent should ever have to decide if they can afford to save their child's life," Kimmel said on his show. "It just shouldn't happen. Not here."

Jimmy Kimmel shares personal video of his family in plea for people to vote

In the recent Instagram post, Kimmel also recognized and thanked his wife Molly for being "stronger than is reasonable for any mom."

He also thanked the team at Children's Hospital Los Angeles for their "immeasurable kindness and expertise."

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Live updates, jimmy kimmel’s son billy, 7, undergoes third open-heart surgery: ‘a lot of optimism’ and ‘fear’.

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Brave Billy.

Talk show host Jimmy Kimmel revealed over the weekend that his 7-year-old son, Billy, underwent his third open-heart surgery at the Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles.

“Our boy Billy had his third (of three, we hope) open heart surgery. We went into this experience with a lot of optimism and nearly as much fear and came out with a new valve inside a happy, healthy kid,” he captioned an Instagram photo of his son resting and smiling in a hospital bed.

“Once again Billy’s doctors, led by the brilliant surgeon Vaughn Starnes, cardiologist Tim Casarez and the excellent, hard-working staff, doctors, nurses and nurse practitioners at CHLA, including, but certainly not limited to Misty, Ann, Sylvia, Dana, Caleigh, Nick, Bekah, Julie, Kenny, Caroline, Lisa, Stephanie, Ellize, Ivy, Pam and Carrie came through for us with immeasurable kindness and expertise.”

“Walking around this hospital, meeting parents at their most vulnerable, children in pain and the miracle workers who do everything in their considerable power to save them is a humbling experience,” he went on.

“We hope you never need CHLA, but if you do — know that they help families regardless of their ability to pay, thanks largely to the Affordable Care Act (another salute to the late Senator John McCain), generous donations from companies like Disney, which I am proud to work for and especially from generous people like you.”

The Oscars host also thanked Dr. Paul Viviano and “the loving strangers who took time to pray for and send positive energy to our baby.”

“Thanks to our family and friends for rallying around us to an almost-ridiculous extent, thank you to my wife Molly for being stronger than is reasonable for any Mom to be and Billy, you are the toughest (and funniest) 7 year-old we know,” he gushed. “There are so many parents and children who aren’t fortunate enough to go home after five days.”

Billy underwent his first surgery in May 2017 after Kimmel revealed his son was born with a treatable diseased heart in an emotional “Jimmy Kimmel Live!” monologue. He’d go on to have his second open-heart surgery in December 2017.

The late-night host and his wife, Molly McNearney, are also parents of daughter Jane, 9. Kimmel also shares daughter Katie, 32, and son Kevin, 30, with his ex-wife Gina Maddy.

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Jimmy Kimmel reveals his son underwent 3rd open-heart surgery: 'The toughest (and funniest) 7-year-old we know'

“We went into this experience with a lot of optimism and nearly as much fear and came out with a new valve inside a happy, healthy kid.”

Jimmy Kimmel has revealed his 7-year-old son Billy is on the mend after recently undergoing his third open heart surgery. 

The late-night host penned a message of gratitude to the Children's Hospital Los Angeles staff who treated his son throughout his stay in an Instagram post on Monday. Kimmel's son was born with a congenital heart defect.

“This weekend, our boy Billy had his third (of three, we hope) open heart surgery,” Kimmel wrote alongside a snapshot of his son smiling in a hospital gown. “We went into this experience with a lot of optimism and nearly as much fear and came out with a new valve inside a happy, healthy kid.”

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Related: Jimmy Kimmel gets choked up with Regina King in first interview together since her son's death

The Jimmy Kimmel Live star went on to praise Billy’s surgeon, his cardiologist, and “the excellent, hard-working staff, doctors, nurses and nurse practitioners at CHLA,” who “came through for us with immeasurable kindness and expertise” before and after the surgery. 

Still, he noted that “walking around this hospital, meeting parents at their most vulnerable, children in pain, and the miracle workers who do everything in their considerable power to save them” was a “humbling experience” to witness. He continued, “We hope you never need CHLA, but if you do — know that they help families regardless of their ability to pay, thanks largely to the Affordable Care Act (another salute to the late Senator John McCain), generous donations from companies like Disney, which I am proud to work for, and especially from generous people like you.”

Kimmel also thanked all of the “loving strangers who took time to pray for and send positive energy to our baby,” his family and friends, wife Molly, and his son, writing, “Billy, you are the toughest (and funniest) 7-year-old we know.”

He concluded his message by encouraging his followers to send love, support, and prayers to families with children who are going through their own health battles and to donate to Children's Hospital Los Angeles or their own local children’s hospital. He added, “Nothing matters more than taking care of each other.” 

Related: Kirsten Dunst and Jimmy Kimmel's sons got into a fight over a chair at kindergarten: 'They both cried'

Billy was born with Tetralogy of Fallot with VSD, a congenital heart defect that required him to undergo open-heart surgery when he was only three days old . It is a condition that he continues to receive treatment for to this day.

At the time of his birth, Kimmel gave an emotional, impassioned monologue on his show encouraging viewers to support U.S. healthcare reform. "I saw a lot of families there, and no parent should ever have to decide if they can afford to save their child’s life," he said through tears. "It just shouldn’t happen. Not here.”

Last month, he shared a series of Instagram posts in which he asked his followers to donate $7 to Children's Hospital Los Angeles in honor of Billy's 7th birthday, writing, “Billy turns 7 today and is doing great thanks to the doctors, nurses, therapists and staff at @ChildrensLA & @CedarsSinai.”

Read the original article on Entertainment Weekly .

Jimmy Kimmel Praises 'Toughest (And Funniest)' Son Following Third Open-Heart Surgery

Reporter, HuffPost

Jimmy Kimmel revealed Monday on Instagram that his 7-year-old son, Billy, had successfully undergone a third — and what the late-night host said will hopefully be his final — open-heart surgery.

“We went into this experience with a lot of optimism and nearly as much fear and came out with a new valve inside a happy, healthy kid,” Kimmel captioned a photo of Billy in his hospital bed.

“Thank you to my wife Molly [McNearney] for being stronger than is reasonable for any Mom to be and Billy, you are the toughest (and funniest) 7 year-old we know,” he added.

Kimmel also expressed his gratitude to the medical team at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles. See the full post here:

View this post on Instagram A post shared by Jimmy Kimmel (@jimmykimmel)

Billy was born in 2017 with a rare heart condition known as Tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia . He underwent emergency open-heart surgery at just 3 days old and then had another major operation at 8 months old.

Kimmel’s emotional recollection on his “Jimmy Kimmel Live” show of his son’s first few days — which included a passionate plea to Congress to ensure universal access to health care and a condemnation of then-President Donald Trump ’s proposed health care funding cuts — went viral.

“If your baby is going to die and it doesn’t have to, it shouldn’t matter how much money you make,” Kimmel said at the time. “I think that’s something that whether you’re a Republican or Democrat or something else, we all agree on that, right?”

“We need to make sure that the people who are supposed to represent us ― the people who are meeting about this right now in Washington ― understand that very clearly,” he added. “Let’s stop with the nonsense. This isn’t football. There are no teams. We are the team. It’s the United States. Don’t let their partisan squabbles divide us on something every decent person wants.”

Watch Kimmel’s monologue from 2017 here:

Kimmel’s message drew praise from former President Barack Obama , who wrote on X-then-Twitter that it was “exactly why we fought so hard for the ACA, and why we need to protect it for kids like Billy.”

Well said, Jimmy. That's exactly why we fought so hard for the ACA, and why we need to protect it for kids like Billy. And congratulations! https://t.co/77F8rZrD3P — Barack Obama (@BarackObama) May 2, 2017

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Jimmy Kimmel Reveals Son Billy, 7, Successfully Underwent Third Open Heart Surgery: 'Happy, Healthy Kid'

The late-night show host made sure to thank all of Billy's doctors and nurses, their friends, family and even strangers for their help during this time

Jimmy Kimmel/Instagram; Bruce Glikas/WireImage

Jimmy Kimmel is feeling grateful after his 7-year-old son William "Billy" John successfully underwent his third open-heart surgery.

On Monday, May 27, the late-night show host, 56, shared a photo of his son smiling in a hospital bed, revealing in his Instagram caption that Billy underwent another open-heart surgery over the weekend. Billy, whom Kimmel shares with wife Molly McNearney , was  born with a congenital heart disease  in 2017.

"This weekend, our boy Billy had his third (of three, we hope) open heart surgery. We went into this experience with a lot of optimism and nearly as much fear and came out with a new valve inside a happy, healthy kid," began Kimmel, who went on to thank all of Billy's doctors, nurses and other "hard-working" staff at Children's Hospital Los Angeles.

"Walking around this hospital, meeting parents at their most vulnerable, children in pain and the miracle workers who do everything in their considerable power to save them is a humbling experience. We hope you never need CHLA, but if you do - know that they help families regardless of their ability to pay, thanks largely to the Affordable Care Act (another salute to the late Senator John McCain), generous donations from companies like Disney, which I am proud to work for and especially from generous people like you," he continued.

Never miss a story — sign up for  PEOPLE's free daily newsletter  to stay up-to-date on the best of what PEOPLE has to offer, from juicy celebrity news to compelling human interest stories.

Kimmel also thanked the "strangers who took time to pray for and send positive energy to our baby" as well as their friends and family for "rallying around us to an almost ridiculous extent."

The comedian then thanked his wife for "being stronger than is reasonable for any Mom to be," and his son Billy, whom he called "the toughest (and funniest) 7 year-old we know."

"There are so many parents and children who aren’t fortunate enough to go home after five days," he continued. "Please share your love, hearts and prayers with them and if it moves you, support  @ChildrensLA  (link in bio) or a great children’s hospital near you ( @CMNHospitals ). Nothing matters more than taking care of each other. With love and gratitude, Jimmy."

Several of Kimmel's friends commented on his post with well wishes and love for Billy.

"We love you Billy ❤️," wrote Carson Daly, while Andy Cohen added, "Love to Billy!!!❤️."

"God bless your little Billy. He’s lucky he has parents like you and also the care of the good folks at CHLA," added John Stamos.

Jenna Dewan wrote, "So much love to you Jimmy, Molly and Billy!! ❤️🙌👏😍."

Last month, Kimmel reflected on Billy's previous  open-heart surgeries  as he celebrated his 7th birthday .

On April 21, Kimmel showed his admiration on  Instagram  for the doctors and staff at CHLA for the work they did on his son.

“Billy turns 7 today and is doing great thanks to the doctors, nurses, therapists and staff at  @ChildrensLA  &  @CedarsSinai, ” Kimmel wrote. “Billy is asking friends 'to give $7 because I’m seven to help kids in the hospital.' (he also wants a spy kit) His goal is 'to raise $100 to help sick kids.' If you’d like to donate - thank you and link in bio.”

The adorable carousel showed Billy appearing to kick the camera with a soft smile in the first photo and standing in a Lakers jersey with a basketball tucked under his arm in the second.

In  another post  shared on the same day, Kimmel posted a close-up shot of Billy, writing, “This boy is seven years old because of you. Molly and I are overwhelmed by your generous donations to  @childrensla  and kind messages. Thank you for all the love. We wish you and your families good health and great friends.”

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Jimmy Kimmel’s son Billy, 7, undergoes third open-heart surgery

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Jimmy Kimmel’s son Billy is recovering from his third open-heart surgery.

The late-night talk show host revealed on Memorial Day that the 7-year-old needed a new valve, which his team of surgeons successfully replaced at the Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles.

“We went into this experience with a lot of optimism and nearly as much fear and came out with a new valve inside a happy, healthy kid,” Kimmel captioned an Instagram photo of his son smiling in his hospital bed.

“Walking around this hospital, meeting parents at their most vulnerable, children in pain and the miracle workers who do everything in their considerable power to save them is a humbling experience.”

The comedian, 56, ended his emotional tribute thanking “those loving strangers” who prayed for his and his wife Molly McNearney’s son and their family and friends for “rallying around us to an almost-ridiculous extent.

“Thank you to my wife Molly for being stronger than is reasonable for any Mom to be and Billy, you are the toughest (and funniest) 7 year-old we know,” he concluded.

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Kimmel revealed in May 2017 that Billy had been born with a treatable diseased heart and immediately underwent his first surgery.

“The operation was a success,” Kimmel said on “Jimmy Kimmel Live!” “It was the longest three hours of my life — but it was a success.”

Billy underwent a second open-heart surgery in December 2017, and this third operation is supposed to be the final one the young boy should need.

Kimmel and McNearney, 46, also share 9-year-old daughter Jane. The Oscar host is also dad to daughter Katie, 32, and son Kevin, 30, whom he shares with his first wife, Gina Maddy.

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SNYDE | Jimmy Kimmel’s 7-year-old son, Billy, undergoes third and final open heart surgery

The Brooklyn-born late night host , 56, announced on Instagram Monday that the surgery at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles was a success.

Billy was born with a congenital heart defect .

“This weekend, our boy Billy had his third (of three, we hope) open heart surgery. We went into this experience with a lot of optimism and nearly as much fear and came out with a new valve inside a happy, healthy kid,” said the two-time Emmy winner .

View this post on Instagram A post shared by Jimmy Kimmel (@jimmykimmel)

Kimmel thanked wife of nearly 11 years, Molly McNearney “for being stronger than is reasonable for any Mom to be and Billy, you are the toughest (and funniest) 7 year-old we know.

“There are so many parents and children who aren’t fortunate enough to go home after five days,” he said. “Please share your love, hearts and prayers with them and if it moves you, support @ChildrensLA … or a great children’s hospital near you (@CMNHospitals). Nothing matters more than taking care of each other.”

Kimmel has been candid about Billy’s “terrifying” medical issues since his spring 2017 birth . He underwent his first open-heart surgery — also at CHLA — when he was just three days old.

Kimmel has since pointed to his family’s experience to praise and advocate for the Affordable Care Act.

While speaking to The Hollywood Reporter later that year, he also noted that Billy would have to undergo two more open heart surgeries.

“We would like to get them over with and not have to think about it all the time, but it could definitely be worse,” Kimmel told the outlet in August 2017.

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Jimmy kimmel reveals son billy had third open heart surgery over memorial day weekend.

The late-night host has been outspoken about his child's health issues and the importance of health insurance.

By Hilary Lewis

Hilary Lewis

Deputy Editor, East Coast, THR.com

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Jimmy Kimmel has revealed that his son Billy had his third (and hopefully last) open heart surgery over Memorial Day weekend.

“We went into this experience with a lot of optimism and nearly as much fear and came out with a new valve inside a happy, healthy kid,” the ABC late-night host wrote on Instagram Monday , captioning a photo of Billy smiling in what looks like a hospital bed.

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He also thanked his friends, family and even strangers for their support for Billy.

“Thank you to my wife Molly for being stronger than is reasonable for any Mom to be and Billy, you are the toughest (and funniest) 7 year-old we know,” Kimmel added.

He went on to urge people to support Children’s Hospital L.A. and their local children’s hospitals.

View this post on Instagram A post shared by Jimmy Kimmel (@jimmykimmel)

Kimmel has previously been outspoken about Billy’s health issues.

Shortly after Billy was born, Kimmel spoke about Billy’s congenital heart defect and his then-baby’s need to have open-heart surgery, again at Children’s Hospital, at just three days old. The procedure went well but inspired Kimmel to advocate for health insurance coverage.

“If your baby is going to die, and it doesn’t have to, it should not matter how much money you make,” Kimmel said during his emotional monologue shortly after Billy was born in 2017.

Kimmel’s remarks came amid concerted efforts to repeal the ACA by then-President Donald Trump and the GOP-controlled Congress in 2017. In a memorable late-night vote that summer, three Republican senators, including the late John McCain, voted against repealing the ACA. The law, one of former President Barack Obama’s key policy achievements, is still in place.

“I knew I had to say something, and I knew that I would get emotional. It occurred to me that maybe we could make it into something positive,” he explained. “I had a lot of time to think at the hospital, and it just so happened that our government was deciding whether or not millions of people should have health care at that time. I think it made a big impact on American citizens. I’m not sure, based on how our so-called leaders voted, whether it made a big impact on the Senate or House.”

He added, “I don’t see what the difference between health care and education is. Every kid should have a right to an education. We don’t seem to have a problem with paying for that. I was relieved when the [GOP bills] failed to pass, but it’s far from over. I worry that those who oppose Obamacare are going to do everything they can to make sure it doesn’t work. Nothing is perfect, but when people are working against something, it makes it a tough road. I worry that these politicians don’t care about the people they represent. I have spoken with so many people who strongly believe the reason they are alive or their brother is alive or their parents are alive is the Affordable Health Care Act. It’s undeniable if you talk to people.”

Kimmel’s wife and head writer Molly McNearney echoed those thoughts in a separate interview with THR .

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