essay on beauty of kashmir

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Essay on Kashmir: History and Beauty in 600+ Words

Updated on
Jan 20, 2024

Essay on Kashmir for Students: Kashmir is a region situated between India and Pakistan in South Asia. It is believed that the name Kashmir originated from the word ‘Ka’ which means water, and ‘shimera’ to desiccate.

The story of Kashmir is complex and has historical, cultural, and political dimensions. Over the years, many rulers and empires, like the Mauryas , Kushans , and Mughals have influenced the paradise of the Earth. The region especially had the special influence of Mauryan ruler Ashoka who contributed to the cultural as well as the architectural heritage of the region.

Cultural Diversity of Kashmir

Kashmir is a region that has a rich history and ancient roots. The place has witnessed the rise and fall of many dynasties, such as the Mauryas , Kushnas , and Guptas . On top of that, these dynasties contributed to the cultural and geographic location of Kashmir, which includes the influence of the Silk Road and the blend of Hindu, Buddhist, and later Islamic influences.

Kashmir Issue

The dispute related to the sharing of borders didn’t stop after Independence. Whether it was India, Pakistan, or China, tensions related to the disputes of the region always created a heat of fire between the countries that led to wars. The list of some important wars are as follows:

1. First Indo-Pak War (1947-1948) : Fought for Jammu Kashmir shortly after India’s independence.

2. Sino-Indian War (1962): A conflict between India and China for the territorial region Aksai Chin.

3. The War of (1965): Fought mainly over Kashmir.

4. Kargil War (1999): A conflict between India and Pakistan in the Kargil district of Jammu and Kashmir.

Article 370 Scrapped

Geographically, Kashmir lies in the northwestern region of the Indian continent. Its total area is around 225,000 square kilometers, which is comparatively larger than the member countries of the United States.

Out of the total area, 85,800 square kilometers have been subject to dispute between India and Pakistan since 1947. It is important to note that the areas with conflict consist of major portions called the Northern, Southern, and Southeastern portions. The 30 percent of the northern part comprises Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan and is administered by Pakistan.

India controls the portion which is more than 55 percent of the area of the land. The area consists of Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh, Kashmir Valley, and Siachen Glacier which is located in the southern and southeastern portions of India. The area is divided by a line of control and has been under conflict since 1972.

Deepika Joshi

Deepika Joshi is an experienced content writer with expertise in creating educational and informative content. She has a year of experience writing content for speeches, essays, NCERT, study abroad and EdTech SaaS. Her strengths lie in conducting thorough research and ananlysis to provide accurate and up-to-date information to readers. She enjoys staying updated on new skills and knowledge, particulary in education domain. In her free time, she loves to read articles, and blogs with related to her field to further expand her expertise. In personal life, she loves creative writing and aspire to connect with innovative people who have fresh ideas to offer.

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The Unimaginable Beauty of Kashmir

by Mir Saeid | Sep 24, 2020 | Kashmir Diaries , Places & Travel | 2 comments

“If there is a heaven on earth, it is here, it is here, it is here!”- beautifully quoted by Emperor Jahangir on Kashmir back in the 17th century, this quote still holds true almost 4 centuries later.

Right from its picturesque mountains, dense forests, green meadows, gushing rivers, and lakes to its warm and hospitable people- everything about Kashmir is supremely beautiful.

From being the royal retreat of the Mughals to being high-up on every traveller’s list, the beauty of Kashmir has stood in its magnificent glory even in the most uncertain times.

But, what makes Kashmir so unarguably beautiful that innumerable poets, authors, filmmakers, and artists around the world have dedicated their pieces of work to this land of paradise? Let’s find out!

The Unimaginable Beauty of Kashmir: 8 Reasons to prove it

1. picture perfect landscapes:.

Ever been someplace so beautiful that it was hard for you to decide which of its sights was the prettiest? Well, that’s Kashmir for you. With each of its landscapes so breathtaking, it’s hard to not fall in love with the beauty of Kashmir valley. The mighty mountains, tall chinars, pristine lakes and rivers, and nicely manicured gardens are a few of the many things that adorn the Kashmir valley.

2. A nature lover’s paradise:

Who doesn’t love reveling in nature’s many wonders? The natural beauty of Kashmir is sure to leave you awestruck. Kashmir is abound with rich flora. You will find the magnificently large Chinar tree throughout the valley, a tree not very commonly found everywhere. This stunning color-changing tree is at the peak of its utmost beauty at the onset of autumn, making the already gorgeous Kashmir look like something straight out of a storybook.

Go a little further into the mountains and you’ll find dense forests lined with deodar, fir, pine, and cedar trees. Come spring and the tulips here are in full bloom. The many fields here in Kashmir lined with colorful tulips are sure to make your stop and stare. The lush green and flowery meadows are sure to take your heart away too!

We could go on and on about the resplendent nature of Kashmir, but to experience it for yourself, you must come here at least once.

3. A land of many pristine lakes and rivers:

The land of Kashmir is home to numerous water bodies. There is nothing quite as calming as sitting by a lake or river and just getting lost in nature’s bounty. No matter where you go in Kashmir, you are sure to come across many pristine lakes, glaciers and rivers.

A shikara ride on the Dal lake in Srinagar is a complete experience in itself. Watching the floating gardens and markets will mesmerize you. The Wular lake is yet another famous lake near Srinagar. The Mansar and Surinsar lakes are the perfect places to spend some time relaxing and rejuvenating. Gadsar lake in Sonmarg is a hidden gem that can only be reached through a trek. Similarly, the Mansalbal lake in the Ganderbal district is a bird lover’s paradise.

Rivers like the Sindh or Indus, Lidder river, Zanskar river, and many others beautify the landscape of Kashmir multi-folds.

Every lake and river offers an altogether different view and each one is sure to take your breath away.

4. The Lush Valleys:

The untamed and unspoiled valleys of Kashmir have their own charm. Aru Valley and Betaab Valley in Pahalgam, Nubra Valley in Ladakh, Zanskar in Leh, Baltal in Sonmarg, and the Yusmarg valley near Srinagar are some of the top ones here. These verdant valleys are surrounded by mountains and abound with lakes, waterfalls, and numerous trees and meadows. The natural beauty of Kashmir is at its peak here and will astound you in every way.

5. A land with rich culture and history:

The beauty of Kashmir isn’t just limited to its surroundings but is also deeply rooted in its rich culture and history. Over the years, Kashmir has been ruled and loved by various rulers. So, its culture is a diverse blend influenced by various other cultures.

And it is prevalent in the day-to-day life of the Kashmiris. Kashmir’s rich history is prevalent in its various historic monuments like the Pari Mahal, Shalimar Bagh, Avantipur temples, and Leh Palace. These monuments tell a story of an era gone long by and are pretty interesting places, especially for history enthusiasts.

Another thing that is deeply rooted in Kashmiri culture is the art of handicraft making. Kashmir is quite popular for its handicrafts right from the Pashmina shawl, carpets to paper mache and wood carving. When talking about Kashmir’s beauty, we just simply cannot ignore its rich culture and heritage.

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6. Soothing Weather:

Even on the harshest of summer days, Kashmir has pretty soothing weather. So, where temperature rises over 40 degrees celsius in the rest of the country, Kashmir is the perfect place to visit. The early winter is also a great time to visit Kashmir for an incredible snowy experience.

Kashmir basically turns into a wonderland as the winter season sets in. The snow-capped mountains and white surroundings are quite a sight to behold. The autumn season here is quite charming too. As the trees change their colors and the weather turns pleasant, Kashmir in autumn looks as pretty as a picture.

7. There is something for everyone here:

Right from the adventurous soul, the trekking enthusiast, the nature lover, leisure seeker, and every kind of person in-between, the beauty of Kashmir has something to offer to everyone. The adventurous soul can feel the adrenaline rush by taking part in various adventurous activities.

Kashmir is basically a hub for those who love adventure. Whereas, the leisure seeker can just bask in the beauty of the Kashmir valley. Nobody ever leaves the Kashmir valley disappointed.

8. The warm and friendly people:

The beauty of a place cannot be complete without its warm and friendly locals. And the same goes for Kashmir too. As soon as you set foot on this paradisiacal land, the warm people here will welcome you with open arms.

We tried to summarize the beauty of Kashmir in 8 points. But you can only experience it for yourself when you visit this magical place.

The whole of Kashmir is undoubtedly, very beautiful. Here are a few places whose beauty you absolutely must not miss.

Beauty of Kashmir valley in 6 places:

1. srinagar:.

The summer capital of Jammu & Kashmir, Srinagar is a city that you absolutely must visit. This is also the largest city in Kashmir. Dal lake is one of the major reasons why tourists are attracted to this city. Staying on the stationary houseboats, a ride on the Shikara are some of the things that you must do here. This is also a paradise for all photography enthusiasts.

2. Gulmarg:

Also known as the ‘Meadow of flowers’, Gulmarg is a beautiful place to visit. This place is also known to be one of the best skiing destinations in the world. A ride in the Gondola or the cable car is one of the top things to do here, offering a complete view of this gorgeous hill station.

Gulmarg is a true paradise for all snow lovers and adventure seekers. Nature is also quite splendid here. Gulmarg is generously blessed with a huge variety of flowers, lakes, and lush green surroundings.

3. Sonmarg:

Sonmarg is yet another splendid place to visit in Kashmir. Like the rest of the Kashmir valley, Sonmarg too, is abound with natural beauty. Participate in some adventure sports or just take some time off and marvel at nature’s bounty when in Sonmarg.

4. Pahalgam :

This is THE place to be for all enthusiastic trekkers. From some easy to the most challenging treks, Pahalgam has everything. Pahalgam is also a place that you go to when you are looking for some serenity away from the grind of daily life. With its enchanting beauty that truly looks out of this world, Pahalgam is sure to give you an experience of a lifetime.

Wish to Travel to Kashmir?

5. Yusmarg:

This is one of the offbeat places in Kashmir that you must visit. Head to Yusmarg for some peace and quiet and unwind yourself amidst nature. Come here once and we are sure that you wouldn’t want to leave this extremely serene place.

6. Patnitop:

Picturesque scenery is what defines Patnitop the best. With a plethora of activities to do and numerous sights to behold, Patnitop is one of the best places in Kashmir.

Over to You

Of course, these 6 places are just some of the many amazing places in Kashmir. The mountains, the rivers, the lakes, the trees, the saffron and tulip fields, the valleys- everything about Kashmir is unfathomably beautiful. It is said that the beauty of Kashmir can turn anyone into a poet. And rightly so. With a trip to Kashmir, you are in for a wonderful surprise. It is an experience of a lifetime, a memory to cherish forever.

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Essay on Dr Br Ambedkar in English 1000 Words | PDF

Essay on dr br ambedkar.

Essay on Dr Br Ambedkar in English (Download PDF) | Many such great men have been birth in our country, who became famous for their sacrifice. But among the great men born in a poor, downtrodden, and exploited class, the name of Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar is taken and known with great respect. let’s know more in the Essay on Dr Br Ambedkar .

Birth and Caste Introduction

Bhimrao Ambedkar was born on April 14, 1891, in the Mahar caste, the Mahar was a heroic tribe who in ancient times won fame by participating in many armies. But it is considered an untouchable caste. His father Ramji Rao was a Subedar in the British Army who had won many medals for his bravery and his mother Bhimabai was also the daughter of a military major. Dr. Ambedkar was the fourteenth child of his parents.

Childhood and Education

Dr. Ambedkar’s childhood was spent in great suffering and struggle. His childhood name was Sakpal, who later became famous as Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar. He had a strong interest in reading. He was subjected to caste discrimination in a school in Satara. But he did not deviate from his path like a karmaveer. After some time Bhim Ji’s family started living in Mumbai. He entered Elphinstone High School.

He passed the matriculation examination in 1907. After that, despite the poor conditions, he was admitted to the college. Facing the hardships of poverty, deprivation, and caste discrimination, he passed BA in 1913 with English and Persian subjects. But his thirst for knowledge was not satisfied, he wanted to study further. His efforts were on for that.

Scholarship and Foreign Travel

Sayaji Rao Gaekwad was the king of Baroda state. He was a man of high thoughts and was a great humanist and loved by all. He wanted that the bright children of the untouchable class should also be given opportunities to get an education. The king knew that Bhimrao was a scholar, hardworking and intelligent. King sent him to America to pursue higher education on a monthly scholarship for three years. Bhimrao was admitted to M.A. in the famous Columbia University of New York.

In 1915, he passed the M.A. examination. Now he wanted to take the degree of Ph.D. He started researching the topic of the National Benefit of India. His directors and examiners were surprised to see his research paper. Then in 1924, Bhimrao got the title of Ph.D. Now he became famous as Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar. He returned home after finishing his education.

Scope and conflict

On coming home, he reached Baroda from Bombay. The king appointed him to the post of military secretary. Even here he had to struggle every step of the way. The employees and the local people used to discriminate against them, but the king was pleased with them. In the end, Bhimrao got up from his discriminatory behavior and resigned from the job there.

He was a great scholar of his subject and became a Professor of Economics at Sydenham College, Bombay. He became popular with his good style and manners. In 1919 he again went to London. There he obtained the degree of M.Sc and D.Sc. He returned home after receiving the title of Bar-at-Law in law.

Resolve to improve society

Ambedkar had decided to bring reforms to society. He wanted to root out the caste system and untouchability and bring revolutionary changes to society. He inspired the untouchables to stand on their own feet and told the people that he would have to reform himself. For this, they will have to fight. He founded the Bahishkrit Hitkarini Sabha. A letter called Bahishkrit Bharat also started coming out. Through his efforts, libraries, schools, and hostels were opened for the untouchables everywhere. There was an awakening among the untouchables.

Constitution-Making

Dr. Ambedkar was a scholar, a jurist, and a scholar of the law. He studied the constitutions of many countries. When the work of making the constitution started in our country, the role of Dr. Ambedkar was active in it. He was a member of several committees of the Constituent Assembly. Among them, the main drafting committee is particularly noteworthy. He was made the chairman of the drafting committee.

This was a greater responsibility that only a person like Dr. Ambedkar could have performed. He prepared the overall draft of the Indian Constitution with his own hands. The form of the Indian Constitution today is the gift of Dr. Ambedkar. When the country became independent, he was made the first law minister of India.

Dr. Ambedkar passed away

This great man died in Delhi on December 6, 1956 AD.

Dr. Ambedkar was human in the true sense and continued to preach humanity throughout his life. In the end, by adopting human religion, peace was attained. His messages are still guiding the downtrodden and weaker sections of India and contributing to making them true Indians.

Download PDF – Click Here

FAQs. on Dr Br Ambedkar

When did dr. ambedkar pass away.

Answer – On December 6, 1956, this great man died in Delhi.

When was Bhimrao Ambedkar born?

Answer – Bhimrao Ambedkar was born on April 14, 1891, in the Mahar caste.

When did Dr. Ambedkar adopt Buddhism?

Answer – Dr. Ambedkar embraced Buddhism on the occasion of Vijayadashami on October 14, 1956 AD.

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Essay on Kashmir | Beauty of Kashmir Essay

This simple essay talks about the Kashmir, its beautiful land and places, Why Kashmir is beautiful? Challenges to the beauty of Kashmir, Why everyone should go and explore it. This essay is written in simple English and in easy words for children and students.

Essay on Kashmir | My Beautiful Kashmir Essay

If ever one wishes to have un forgetful traveling and tour experience, he must visit Kashmir. It is blessed with scenic beauty and natural grace. The tourists from all over the world come Kashmir to spend their vacations amidst snow capped mountains, gushing streams and green meadows.

Beauty of Kashmir:

Kashmir is one of the most beautiful places on Earth. It is situated in the northernmost part of India and is surrounded by snow-capped mountains, pristine lakes, and lush green valleys. Kashmir is a paradise for nature lovers and adventure seekers alike.

The beauty of Kashmir has been captured in many movies and songs over the years. Bollywood movies like Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge and Jab Tak Hai Jaan have showcased the stunning scenery of Kashmir to the world. Songs like ‘Chalte Chalte’, ‘Ye Jo Des Hai Tera’, and ‘Bowri Mein Koyal Boli’ are just a few examples of the many songs that have been inspired by the beauty of Kashmir.

Despite being one of the most beautiful places on Earth, Kashmir is also fraught with challenges. The decades-long conflict between India and Pakistan has taken a toll on the people of Kashmir. There have been frequent incidents of violence and unrest in the region, which has deterred many tourists from visiting Kashmir.

However, the beauty of Kashmir is undeniable and it is slowly but surely regaining its status as a popular tourist destination. If you have the opportunity to visit Kashmir, don’t hesitate – it truly is a place like no other.

Why Kashmir is beautiful?

Kashmir is considered as one of the most beautiful places on Earth because of its stunning scenery. The snow-capped mountains, pristine lakes, and lush green valleys make it a paradise for nature lovers. Additionally, the region has been captured in many movies and songs over the years, which has helped to showcase its beauty to the world.

Challenges to the Beauty of Kashmir

The decades-long conflict between India and Pakistan has taken a toll on the people of Kashmir. There have been frequent incidents of violence and unrest in the region, which has deterred many tourists from visiting Kashmir. Additionally, the Indian government has imposed a number of restrictions on travel to Kashmir, which has made it difficult for people to get there.

Reasons why we should visit Kashmir:

There are hell of reasons as to why you should go to visit kashmir. Firstly, it is considered as one of the most beautiful places on Earth. The snow-capped mountains, pristine lakes, and lush green valleys make it a paradise for nature lovers. Secondly, kashmir has been captured in many movies and songs over the years, which has helped to showcase its beauty to the world. Thirdly, despite being fraught with challenges, Kashmir is slowly regaining its acclaimed position as one the beautiful place like paradise on earth.

>>>>> Related Post: “ Essay on My Favorite Color White “

Therefore, for a traveler and tourist, I believe, Kashmir is the place of joy and peace. In spite of the challenges, the natural beauty of Kashmir is undeniable and it is a worth visiting place for everyone at least once in their lifetime.

Essay on Kashmir Issue:

The Kashmir issue has been a long-standing dispute between India and Pakistan since their independence in 1947. It revolves around the region of Kashmir, which is located in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent. The conflict originated from the partition of British India into two countries, India and Pakistan, based on religious demographics.

Kashmir was a princely state at that time, with a predominantly Muslim population ruled by a Hindu ruler. Both India and Pakistan claimed Kashmir as part of their territory, leading to the first Indo-Pakistani war in 1947-48.

The United Nations intervened and declared that Kashmir’s fate should be decided by a plebiscite. However, this never took place due to various reasons, including political conflicts, military tensions, and the unwillingness of both countries to cede control over the region.

The Kashmir issue has resulted in three major wars between India and Pakistan in 1947-48, 1965, and 1971. In addition to these conflicts, there have been numerous border skirmishes and cross-border terrorism incidents. The dispute has also led to the militarization of the region, with both countries stationing a large number of troops in Kashmir.

The conflict has not only affected India and Pakistan but also the people living in Kashmir. The residents of Kashmir have been caught in the crossfire, facing human rights abuses, violence, and displacement. They have been denied basic freedoms and have lived under constant fear and uncertainty.

Several attempts have been made to resolve the Kashmir issue, including bilateral talks between India and Pakistan and international mediation efforts. However, none have been successful in finding a lasting solution.

The Kashmir issue is not just a territorial dispute between two countries but also a humanitarian crisis that has impacted the lives of millions. It has caused economic instability, hindered development, and prevented peace and stability in the region.

In conclusion, the Kashmir issue remains a complex and contentious problem that requires sincere efforts from both India and Pakistan to find a peaceful resolution. It is crucial for the two countries to move away from their differences and work towards creating an environment of trust and cooperation. Only then can the long-standing conflict over Kashmir be resolved, bringing much-needed peace and stability to the region.

Short Essay on Kashmir Issue:

The Kashmir issue is an ongoing and complex dispute between India, Pakistan, and the people of the Kashmir region. It dates back to 1947 when India gained independence from British rule and was partitioned into two countries – India and Pakistan. The princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, with a Muslim majority population, was given a choice to join either country or remain independent. However, the ruler of Kashmir signed an instrument of accession to join India, leading to a conflict between India and Pakistan.

Since then, both countries have fought three wars over Kashmir, with no clear resolution in sight. The issue has also resulted in numerous human rights violations and atrocities against the people of Kashmir. The Indian government has imposed strict curfews, media black outs, and arrested political leaders in an attempt to suppress the Kashmiri resistance movement.

The main reason behind the dispute is the conflicting claims of India and Pakistan over the territory of Kashmir. Both countries claim sovereignty over the entire region, leading to a military standoff and constant tensions between them. The problem has also been exacerbated by the fact that China controls a portion of Kashmir, further complicating the issue.

In recent years, there have been attempts by both India and Pakistan to resolve the Kashmir issue through diplomatic means. However, no significant progress has been made so far due to deep-rooted mistrust and political differences between the two countries.

The Kashmiri people have been at the center of this conflict for decades, with their voices often being ignored in the discussions between India and Pakistan. The ongoing dispute has resulted in a high number of casualties and displacement of Kashmiri citizens, causing immense suffering to the local population.

It is crucial for both India and Pakistan to find a peaceful resolution to this long-standing issue, taking into consideration the wishes and aspirations of the people of Kashmir. Only through dialogue and mutual understanding can a lasting solution be reached, allowing the people of Kashmir to live in peace and prosperity. The international community also has a responsibility to support and facilitate this process, as it is essential for the stability and security of the region.

Thus, it is imperative for all parties involved to work towards finding a resolution that respects the rights and aspirations of the people of Kashmir, ultimately leading to a sustainable and peaceful future for the region. Overall, the Kashmir issue remains a critical challenge that needs to be addressed with urgency and sincerity by all stakeholders involved.

Essay on Kashmir Beauty:

Kashmir is a beautiful state located in the northern region of India. It is known for its breathtaking natural beauty and rich cultural heritage. The state is surrounded by the snow-capped Himalayan mountains, lush green valleys, and sparkling blue lakes.

One of the most popular tourist destinations in Kashmir is the picturesque Dal Lake. It is famous for its serene waters and floating gardens. Tourists can take a Shikara boat ride to explore the lake and its surroundings, which are dotted with charming houseboats.

Kashmir is also home to some of the highest mountain peaks in India, including Mount K2 and Nanga Parbat. These peaks attract adventure enthusiasts from all around the world who come here for trekking and mountaineering expeditions.

The state is also known for its rich cultural heritage and handicrafts. The traditional Kashmiri hand-woven carpets, shawls, and paper products are renowned worldwide for their intricate designs and fine craftsmanship.

Apart from its natural beauty and cultural attractions, Kashmir also offers a wide range of adventure activities such as skiing, river rafting, paragliding, and camping. The lush green meadows and snow-covered mountains provide the perfect backdrop for these activities.

In conclusion, Kashmir is truly a paradise on earth with its stunning landscapes, rich cultural heritage, and exciting adventures. It is a must-visit destination for anyone seeking to experience nature’s beauty at its best.

Essay on Kashmir Day:

Kashmir is a stunningly beautiful region located in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent. It is often referred to as “paradise on earth” due to its breathtaking landscape, snow-capped mountains, and serene lakes. However, this picturesque region has been at the center of a long-standing conflict between India and Pakistan.

Kashmir Day, observed on February 5th each year, is a national holiday in Pakistan to show solidarity with the people of Kashmir and highlight their struggle for self-determination.

The Kashmir conflict dates back to the partition of India in 1947 when the British Empire divided the subcontinent into two nations – India and Pakistan. The princely state of Jammu and Kashmir was ruled by a Hindu Maharaja, but its population was predominantly Muslim. The people of Kashmir wanted to join Pakistan, which led to a war between India and Pakistan.

The United Nations intervened and brokered a ceasefire in 1949, creating a Line of Control (LoC) that divides Kashmir into Indian-administered and Pakistani-administered territories. However, both countries have claimed the entire region and have fought three wars over it since then.

The Kashmiri people, who have been caught in the crossfire of this conflict, have suffered immensely. They have faced violence, displacement, and human rights abuses from both Indian security forces and militant groups operating in the region. The situation has only worsened with time as political tensions between India and Pakistan continue to escalate.

On Kashmir Day, Pakistanis hold rallies, seminars, and conferences to express their support for the Kashmiri people. The day is also marked with public speeches, prayers for peace, and vigils to honor those who have lost their lives in this ongoing conflict.

However, the issue of Kashmir goes beyond just being a territorial dispute between two nations. It is about fighting for the rights and freedoms of the Kashmiri people who have been denied their right to self-determination. It is about acknowledging the suffering and struggles of a people who have been caught in a decades-long conflict.

On this day, it is important for us to not only show our support for the Kashmiri people but also to raise awareness about their plight. As citizens of the world, we must join hands to call for a peaceful resolution to the Kashmir conflict and urge both India and Pakistan to engage in meaningful dialogue.

Kashmir Day serves as a reminder that peace and stability in the South Asian region cannot be achieved until the issue of Kashmir is resolved. It is only through mutual understanding and cooperation that a lasting solution can be found for this long-standing dispute. Let us hope that one day, the people of Kashmir will finally be able to live in a land free from conflict and turmoil.

In conclusion, Kashmir Day is not only a reminder of the ongoing struggle for self-determination but also an opportunity to raise our voices in support of those who have been silenced for far too long. As we observe this day, let us remember the beautiful land of Kashmir and its people who deserve peace, justice, and freedom.

Essay on Jammu and Kashmir- 10 Lines, 100, 500, 1000 Words

Essay on Jammu and Kashmir in English: Embark on a comprehensive journey through the captivating landscape and intricate cultural tapestry of Jammu and Kashmir in this enlightening Essay on Jammu and Kashmir.

Explore the region’s rich history, diverse traditions, and the complex socio-political landscape that defines one of India’s most picturesque yet contested territories. Unveil the beauty of its landscapes, delve into the uniqueness of its arts and crafts, and gain insights into the challenges and aspirations that shape the identity of Jammu and Kashmir.

Short Essay on Jammu and Kashmir in 100 Words

Table of Contents

Essay on Jammu and Kashmir in English in 10 Lines

“Delve into the diverse tapestry of Jammu and Kashmir in this insightful essay in English , exploring its rich history, cultural heritage, and the complexities that define its unique identity.”

Jammu and Kashmir, often referred to as “Paradise on Earth,” is a union territory in northern India.
Renowned for its breathtaking landscapes, it encompasses the snowy peaks of the Himalayas and the scenic Dal Lake.
The region has a diverse cultural heritage, influenced by Hindu, Muslim, and Buddhist traditions.
Jammu, known for its temples, serves as a hub for pilgrimage tourism.
Srinagar, the summer capital, is famous for its houseboats, gardens, and traditional handicrafts.
The state’s history is complex, marked by geopolitical disputes and conflicts.
Article 370, granting autonomy, was revoked in 2019, transforming Jammu and Kashmir into a union territory.
The decision sparked debates over regional autonomy, security concerns, and the future of the region.
Despite challenges, efforts continue to restore peace and promote economic development.
Jammu and Kashmir remain a captivating blend of natural beauty, cultural richness, and ongoing socio-political dynamics.

Essay on Jammu and Kashmir in 100 Words – Short Essay

“Explore the multifaceted identity of Jammu and Kashmir in this concise essay, delving into its captivating landscapes, diverse cultural heritage, and the complexities that shape its unique socio-political landscape.”

Jammu and Kashmir, a union territory in northern India, is renowned for its breathtaking landscapes and diverse cultural heritage. The region, often called “Paradise on Earth,” boasts snow-capped Himalayan peaks and the picturesque Dal Lake.

Jammu, a hub of temples, contrasts with Srinagar, the summer capital known for houseboats and traditional crafts. The area’s history is complex, marked by geopolitical disputes and conflicts.

The revocation of Article 370 in 2019 transformed it into a union territory, sparking debates on autonomy and security. Despite challenges, efforts persist to restore peace and foster economic development in this captivating blend of natural beauty and cultural richness.

Essay on Jammu and Kashmir in 500 Words in English

“Embark on a comprehensive exploration of Jammu and Kashmir’s rich history, diverse culture, scenic beauty, and complex geopolitical landscape in this illuminating 500-word Essay on Jammu and Kashmir.”

Jammu and Kashmir, a union territory located in the northern part of India, is a region of immense geographical diversity and cultural richness. Nestled amidst the towering peaks of the Himalayas, this land is often referred to as “Paradise on Earth” for its breathtaking landscapes. The state, before its reorganization in 2019, comprised three distinct regions: Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh.

Jammu, known for its temples and vibrant festivals, reflects a predominantly Hindu cultural influence. The Vaishno Devi shrine, a sacred Hindu pilgrimage site, attracts millions of devotees annually. The region’s topography transitions from the Shivalik foothills to the plains, offering a varied and picturesque landscape.

Kashmir, with its picturesque valleys, lakes, and gardens, is an epitome of natural beauty. Srinagar, the summer capital, is renowned for its houseboats on Dal Lake and Mughal gardens like Shalimar Bagh and Nishat Bagh. The cultural tapestry of Kashmir is a blend of Hindu and Muslim traditions, evident in its handicrafts, traditional attire, and festivals.

Ladakh, the eastern part of the region, is a high-altitude desert known for its stark beauty and Buddhist monasteries. The monastic festivals, such as Hemis Festival, offer a glimpse into Ladakh’s rich cultural heritage. The region’s strategic importance is highlighted by its proximity to the borders of China and Pakistan.

The history of Jammu and Kashmir is marked by complexity, geopolitical significance, and territorial disputes. During the partition of British India in 1947, the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir acceded to India, leading to conflicts with Pakistan. The Line of Control, established after several wars between India and Pakistan, divides the region into areas administered by both nations.

In 2019, the Indian government undertook a historic decision by abrogating Article 370, which granted special autonomy to Jammu and Kashmir. This move transformed the state into two separate union territories: Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh. The decision was met with varied reactions, sparking discussions on regional autonomy, security concerns, and the political future of the region.

Challenges faced by Jammu and Kashmir include security concerns, economic development, and political stability. Insurgency and conflict have impacted the lives of the residents, necessitating efforts for lasting peace and reconciliation. The tourism potential of the region, with its natural beauty and cultural heritage, remains immense. Sustainable tourism initiatives aim to showcase the region’s splendor while preserving its ecological and cultural integrity.

The cultural heritage of Jammu and Kashmir is reflected in its traditional arts and crafts. Pashmina shawls, Kashmiri carpets, and intricate handicrafts are not only economic contributors but also symbols of the region’s artistic prowess. Efforts to promote these crafts globally contribute to the local economy.

Ongoing reconciliation efforts include dialogue, economic development, and outreach programs to address grievances and foster inclusivity among the diverse communities. Despite the challenges, the people of Jammu and Kashmir aspire to see their homeland thrive in peace, prosperity, and cultural harmony, embodying the true essence of the “Paradise on Earth.” The region remains an integral part of India’s narrative, blending a complex history with an enduring spirit for a brighter future.

1000 Words Essay on Jammu and Kashmir

“Embark on an extensive exploration of Jammu and Kashmir’s multifaceted identity, encompassing its rich history, cultural diversity, geographical splendor, and the socio-political dynamics that have shaped this captivating region, in this enlightening 1000-word essay.”

Introduction: A Land of Enchanting Diversity

Jammu and Kashmir, often referred to as the “Crown of India,” is a region of unparalleled beauty and complexity. Nestled in the northernmost part of the country, this union territory is characterized by breathtaking landscapes, rich cultural diversity, and a history marked by geopolitical intricacies.

Geography and Landscape – Nature’s Masterpiece

The geographical diversity of Jammu and Kashmir is a testament to nature’s grandeur. From the snow-capped peaks of the Himalayas to the serene valleys and pristine lakes, the region is a visual spectacle. The iconic Dal Lake in Srinagar, surrounded by houseboats and Mughal gardens, epitomizes the region’s picturesque charm.

Cultural Tapestry – A Melting Pot of Traditions

Jammu and Kashmir’s cultural fabric is woven with threads from Hindu, Muslim, and Buddhist traditions. The coexistence of diverse communities contributes to a rich and harmonious cultural mosaic. The vibrant Hindu influence in Jammu, the Kashmiri Muslim traditions in Srinagar, and the Buddhist heritage in Ladakh collectively create a cultural tapestry unique to the region.

Historical Significance – Complex Narratives

The history of Jammu and Kashmir is a complex narrative shaped by a confluence of events. The princely state’s accession to India post-independence sparked territorial disputes with Pakistan, leading to wars and conflicts. The Line of Control, established after Indo-Pak wars, delineates areas administered by the two nations, adding another layer of complexity to the historical context.

Article 370 and Change in Status – A Historic Transformation

In 2019, a historic decision reverberated through the region when the Indian government abrogated Article 370, thereby revoking Jammu and Kashmir’s special autonomy. The move was accompanied by the bifurcation of the state into two union territories: Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh. This decision stirred debates on regional autonomy, security concerns, and the political trajectory of the region.

Challenges and Aspirations – Navigating Complex Realities

Jammu and Kashmir faces an array of challenges encompassing security concerns, economic development, and political stability. The region has witnessed conflicts and insurgency, impacting the lives of its residents. Ongoing efforts seek to address these challenges, with a focus on restoring peace, promoting tourism, and fostering economic growth.

Cultural Heritage and Handicrafts – Artistry Beyond Boundaries

The region’s cultural heritage finds expression in its traditional arts and crafts. Pashmina shawls, Kashmiri carpets, and intricate handicrafts not only reflect the artistic prowess of the region but also contribute significantly to the local economy. These crafts serve as cultural ambassadors, attracting admirers from around the world.

Tourism Potential – Beyond the Obvious

Jammu and Kashmir’s tourism potential is immense, drawing visitors with its natural beauty, historical sites, and cultural richness. Sustainable tourism initiatives aim to showcase the region’s splendor while preserving its ecological and cultural integrity. Despite the challenges, the allure of the region remains undiminished.

Ongoing Reconciliation Efforts – Nurturing Peaceful Coexistence

Reconciliation efforts play a pivotal role in the region’s journey toward lasting peace. Dialogue, economic development, and outreach programs seek to address grievances and foster a sense of inclusivity and belonging among the diverse communities that call Jammu and Kashmir home.

Conclusion: Jammu and Kashmir – Balancing Beauty and Complexity

In conclusion, Essay on Jammu and Kashmir emerges as a region that seamlessly balances its enchanting natural beauty with the complexities of its historical, cultural, and political landscape. From the towering peaks of the Himalayas to the shores of Dal Lake, every facet of the region tells a story of resilience, diversity, and an enduring spirit that navigates through challenges to carve a path toward a brighter future. The region, with its multifaceted identity, remains an integral part of India’s narrative, inviting exploration, understanding, and an appreciation for the delicate dance between beauty and complexity.

The Essay on Jammu and Kashmir delves into Jammu and Kashmir’s captivating blend of natural splendor, cultural richness, and geopolitical intricacies. From the Himalayan peaks to the serene Dal Lake, the region’s beauty intertwines with a complex history and diverse traditions.

As Jammu and Kashmir navigates challenges and aspirations, it stands as a testament to resilience. The multifaceted tapestry of this union territory invites exploration, fostering an appreciation for its unique identity in the vast landscape of India.

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Embracing Kashmir’s Charms: A Panoramic Overview

Unveiling kashmir’s grandeur: nature’s masterpiece.

Kashmir, a realm of natural splendor, where every landscape is a work of art crafted by nature’s gentle hand.

Breathtaking Beauty: Imagine standing amidst snow-draped mountains, gazing at serene lakes reflecting the sky’s hues, and walking through valleys painted in shades of green and gold.

A Haven for Explorers: The Lure of Kashmir for First-Timers

If you’ve been yearning for a destination that weaves nature’s magnificence with vibrant culture, your search ends here. Kashmir isn’t just a destination; it’s a journey that embraces both the thrill of adventure and the warmth of local hospitality.

Preparing for Your Kashmir Adventure: Essential Tips

Research and planning.

Embarking on a Kashmir tour is like stepping into a realm where time dances to its own tune. Take the time to learn the rhythms of this land.

Navigating the Unseen: From understanding local customs to decoding the ever-changing climate, your research will be your guiding light.

Packing for the Enchanted Valley: Essentials to Carry

As you pack your bags for this enchanting adventure, remember that each item you tuck in has a role to play in your Kashmir narrative.

Nature’s Armor: Layer up with warm clothing, lace-up your sturdy footwear, and ensure your identity documents are your companions throughout the journey.

Discovering the Essence of Kashmir: Highlights and Exploration

The path to paradise: the route to kashmir.

As you embark on your much-awaited Kashmir tour , the journey itself becomes an unforgettable part of the experience.

The Scenic Odyssey: Traverse through winding roads, mountain passes, and charming villages as you draw closer to the heart of Kashmir.

Captivating Attractions: Must-Visit Destinations

Kashmir isn’t just a destination; it’s a collection of enchanting tales waiting to be unfolded.

Srinagar’s Elegance: Lose yourself in the intricate houseboats on Dal Lake, explore Mughal gardens, and feel the pulse of the city.
The Snowy Playground of Gulmarg: A rendezvous with adventure awaits amidst snow-capped peaks, making Gulmarg a haven for outdoor enthusiasts.
Pahalgam’s Tranquility: Seek solace in the meadows, pine forests, and Lidder River, all while embracing the serene spirit of Pahalgam.

Immerse in Kashmiri Culture and Traditions

Staying like royalty: accommodation choices.

Kashmir’s hospitality extends beyond mere lodging; it’s an experience that encapsulates the essence of the region.

Houseboat Serenity: Imagine waking up to the gentle ripples of Dal Lake, your abode being a houseboat adorned with intricate woodwork.
Traditional Comforts: Step into the past with traditional Kashmiri hotels, where every corner whispers tales of bygone eras.

The Colors of Kashmir: Local Festivals and Artistry

Kashmir isn’t just about landscapes; it’s a canvas painted with vibrant culture and age-old traditions.

Festivals of Joy: From the lively celebrations of Eid to the serene prayers during Ramadan, witness the harmony of faith and festivity.
Crafting Memories: Immerse yourself in the intricate world of Kashmiri crafts, be it the delicate Pashmina shawls or the ornate Papier-mâché art.
A Taste of Kashmir: Indulge in the local flavors; savor Wazwan cuisine , delight in Kahwa, and let the melodies of traditional music linger in your soul.

Nature’s Playground: Activities and Adventure

Gulmarg: the adventure hub.

Gulmarg isn’t just a place; it’s a thrill-seeker’s paradise that promises unforgettable moments.

Thrills on Snow: Feel the rush as you glide down powdery slopes, with skiing in Gulmarg being a dreamlike experience.
Conquering Heights: Embark on breathtaking treks, from the picturesque Alpather Lake trek to the challenging St. Mary’s Shoulder.
Swing Amidst Clouds: Tee off at the world’s highest golf course, where the stunning backdrop amplifies every swing’s excitement.

Dal Lake and Houseboats: Experiencing Serenity

Dal Lake isn’t merely a water body; it’s a mirror reflecting the serenity that Kashmir holds within.

A Shikara Serenade: Drift on a shikara as the sun kisses the horizon, and the melody of nature intertwines with the soothing ripples.
Houseboat Hideaways: Let your senses be captivated by the allure of houseboats, where comfort meets the tranquility of the water.

Unveiling the Enchantment of Kashmir

Kashmir, the land of breathtaking beauty and timeless grace, welcomes first-time visitors with open arms.

A Tapestry of Wonders: Kashmir’s landscapes are like strokes of an artist’s brush, painting a masterpiece of nature’s wonders.
Respecting the Legacy: As you explore the magic, remember to honor local customs and leave only footprints in this pristine haven.

To fellow travelers and wanderers, Kashmir beckons with promises of enchantment and unforgettable memories. As the winds of wanderlust blow, embrace the call of Kashmir with curated travel packages that promise the journey of a lifetime.

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Legacy Of Kashmir, The Forgotten Land Of Beauty And Knowledge — Part I

Subhash Kak

Aug 06, 2016, 10:01 AM | Updated 09:48 AM IST

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This is the first essay in a four-part series about the important contributions of Kashmir to Indian culture. It throws light on the early history of the region and the expertise of the Kashmiris in the areas of grammar, music and dance.

This is the first essay in a four-part series about the important contributions of Kashmir to Indian culture. It throws light on the early history of the region and the expertise of grammarians Panini and Patanjali, and Bharata Muni in music and dance.

Kashmir’s geographical location partly explains its cultural history. It may be that its natural beauty and temperate climate are the reasons that Kashmiris have a strong tradition in the arts, literature, painting, drama and dance. Its relative isolation, the security provided by the ring of mountains around it, and its distance from the heartland of Indian culture in the plains of North India might explain the originality of Kashmiri thought. Its climate and the long winters may explain the Kashmiri fascination for philosophical speculation.

Kashmir is at the centre of the Puranic geography. In the Puranic conception, the earth’s continents are arranged in the form of a lotus flower. Mt Meru stands at the center of the world, the pericarp or seed-vessel of the flower, as it were, surrounded by circular ranges of mountains. Around Mt Meru, like the petals of the lotus, are arranged four island-continents ( dvipas ), aligned to the four points of the compass: Uttarakuru to the north, Ketumala to the west, Bhadrashva to the east and Bharata or Jambudvipa to the south. The meeting point of the continents is the Meru mountain, which is the high Himalayan region around Kashmir, Uttarakuru represents Central Asia including Tocharia, Ketumala is Iran and lands beyond, Bhadrashva is China and the Far East. Kashmir’s centrality in this scheme was a recognition that it was a meeting ground for trade and ideas for the four main parts of the Old World. In fact, it became more than a meeting ground; it was the land where an attempt was made to reconcile opposites by deeper analysis and bold conception.

Kashmir’s nearness to rich trade routes brought it considerable wealth and emboldened Kashmiris to take Sanskrit culture out of the country as missionaries. Kashmiris also became interpreters of the Indian civilisation and they authored many fundamental synthesising and expository works. Some of these works are anonymous encyclopaedias; in many other works, the author’s name is known but the details of the life and circumstances in Kashmir are hardly remembered.

Kalhana’s Rajatarangini (River of Kings), written in about 1150 AD, provides a narrative of successive dynasties that ruled Kashmir. Kalhana claimed to have used eleven earlier works as well the Nilamata Purana. Of these earlier books, only the Nilamata Purana survives. The narrative in the Rajatarangini becomes more than mere names with the accession of the Karkota dynasty in the early seventh century.

The political boundaries of Kashmir have, on occasion, extended much beyond the valley and the adjoining regions. According to Hiuen Tsang, the Chinese traveller, the adjacent territories to the west and south down to the plains were also under the direct control of the king of Kashmir. With Durlabhavardhana of the Karkota dynasty, the power of Kashmir extended to parts of Punjab and Afghanistan. It appears that during this period of Kashmiri expansion the ruling elite, if not the general population, of Gilgit, Baltistan, and West Tibet spoke Kashmiri-related languages. Later, as Kashmir’s political power declined, these groups were displaced by Tibetan speaking people.

In the eighth century, Lalitaditya Muktapida (reigned 724-760 AD), conquered most of North India, Central Asia and Tibet. His vision and exertions mark a new phase of Indian empire-building. Kashmir had become an important player in the rivalries amongst the various kingdoms of North India.

The jostling of the Kashmiri State within the circle of the North Indian powers led to an important political innovation. The important Vishnudharmottara Purana, believed to have been written in Kashmir of the Karkota kings, recommends innovations regarding the rajasuya and the ashvamedha sacrifices, of which the latter in its medieval interpretations was responsible for much warfare amongst kings. In the medieval times, the horse was left free to roam for a year and the king’s soldiers tried to establish the rule of their king in all regions visited by the horse, leading to clashes. The Vishnudharmottara Purana replaced these ancient rites by the rajyabhisheka (royal consecration) and surapratishtha (the fixing of the divine abode) rites.

This essay presents an overview of the most important Kashmiri contributions to Indian culture, emphasising some of the lesser known aspects of these contributions. Specifically, we consider the contributions to the arts, sciences, literature and philosophy. Our historical assessment of Kashmiri culture is hampered by the nature of our records. The texts and objects of art do not always indicate their provenance and the connections with Kashmir emerge only from indirect evidence. We are on sure ground when we come to Buddhist sources, the texts of the Kashmir Shaivism, and the names mentioned in the Rajatarangini and other early narratives.

Early Period

During the Vedic period, Kashmir appears to be an important region because it appears that the Mujavant mountain, the region where Soma grew, was located there. It is possible that in the Vedic era a large part of the valley was still under a lake. Kalhana’s history begins with the Mahabharata War, but it is very hazy with regard to the events prior to the Mauryan Emperor Ashoka.

The great grammarian Panini lived in northwest Punjab, not too far from Kashmir and the university at Taxila (Takshashila) was also close to the valley. At the time of Hiuen Tsang, Takshashila was a tributary to Kashmir. It is generally accepted that Patanjali, the great author of the Mahabhashya commentary on Panini’s Ashtadhyayi , was a Kashmiri, as were a host of other grammarians like Chandra. According to Bhartrihari and other early scholars, Patanjali also made contributions to Yoga (the yoga-sutras) and to Ayurveda.

It is believed that Patanjali’s mother was named Gorika and he was born in Gonarda. He was educated in Takshashila and he taught in Pataliputra. From the textual references in his works, it can be safely said that he belonged to second century BC. The Charaka Samhita of Ayurveda that has come down to us is due to the editing of Dridhabala from Kashmir, who also added 17 chapters to the sixth section and the whole of the eighth section. Patanjali may have been involved in this editing process. But it is likely that the identity of the Kashmiris as a distinct group had not solidified in the Vedic period and to speak of ethnicity at that time is meaningless.

In any event, Kashmir of these early times was a part of the larger northwest Indian region of which Takshashila was a center of learning. The early levels of buildings in Takshashila have been traced to 800 BC. The first millennium BC was a period of great intellectual activity in this part of India and attitudes that later came to be termed Kashmiri were an important element of this activity. Amongst these attitudes was a characteristic approach to classification in the arts, and the interest in grammar.

Panini’s grammar remains one of the greatest achievements of the human intellect. It described the grammar of the Sanskrit language by a system of 4,000 algebraic rules— a feat that has not been equalled for any other language to this day. It also set the tone for scientific studies in India with their emphasis on algorithmic explanations. Patanjali’s commentary on the Panini grammar was responsible for the exaltation of its reputation. It appears that Panini arose in the same intellectual climate that characterised Kashmir during its Classical period.

Drama And Music: The Natyasastra

An early name seen as belonging to Kashmir is Bharata Muni of the Natyasastra . The indirect reasons for this identification are that the rasa idea of the Natyasastra was discussed by many scholars in Kashmir. Another reason is that the Natyasastra has a total of 36 chapters and it is suggested that this number may have been deliberately chosen to conform to the theory of 36 tattvas which is a part of the later Shaivite system of Kashmir. Many descriptions in this book seem especially true for Kashmir. The bhana , a one-actor play described by Bharata, is still performed in Kashmir by groups called bhand pather ( bhana patra , in Sanskrit).

It should be mentioned here, parenthetically, that a few scholars take Bharata to be a Southerner. It is also interesting that there exist some very close connections between Kashmir and South India, in the cultural tradition, like the worship of Shiva, Pancharatra, Tantra and the arts. Recently, when I pointed this out to Vasundhara Filliozat, the art historian who has worked on Karnataka, she said that the inscriptional evidence indicates a continuing movement of teachers from Kashmir to the South, and that Kashmir is likely to have been the original source of many of the early Shaivite, Tantric and Sthapatya Agamas.

Bharata Muni’s Natyasastra not only presents the language of creative expression, it is the world’s first book on stagecraft. It is so comprehensive that it lists 108 different postures that can be combined to give the various movements of dance. Bharata’s ideas are the key to proper understanding of Indian arts, music and sculpture. They provide an insight into how different Indian arts are expressions of a celebratory attitude to the universe. Manomohan Ghosh, the modern translator of the Natyasastra , believes that it belongs to the fifth century BC. He bases his assessment on the archaic pre-Paninian features of the language and the fact that Bharata mentions the Arthashastra of Brihaspati, and not that of the fourth century BC Kautilya.

The term “natya” is synonymous with drama. According to Bharata, the natya was created by taking elements from each of the four Vedas: recitation ( pathya ) from the Rigveda, song or melody ( gita ) from the Samaveda, acting ( abhinaya ) from the Yajurveda, and sentiments ( rasa ) from the Atharvaveda. By this synthesis, the Natyasastra became the fifth Veda, meant to take the spirit of the Vedic vision to the common man. Elsewhere, Bharata says: “The entire nature of human beings as connected with the experiences of happiness and misery, and joy and sorrow, when presented through the process of histrionics (abhinaya) is called natya.”

Five of the 36 chapters of the Natyasastra are devoted to music. Bharata speaks of the 22 shrutis of the octave, the seven notes and the number of shrutis in each of them. He explains how the veena is to be tuned. He also describes the dhruvapada songs that were part of musical performances.

The concept of rasa , enduring sentiment, lies behind the aesthetics of the Natyasastra . There are eight rasas : heroism, fury, wonder, love, mirth, compassion, disgust and terror. Bharata lists another 33 less permanent sentiments. The artist, through movement, voice, music or any other creative act attempts to evoke them in the listener and the spectator.This evocation helps to plumb the depths of the soul, thereby, facilitating self-knowledge.

The algorithmic approach to knowledge became the model for scientific theories in the Indic world, extending from India to the East and Southeast Asia. The ideas of the Natyasastra were in consonance with this tradition and they provided an overarching comprehensiveness to sculpture, temple architecture, performance, dance and storytelling. But, unlike other technical shastras that were written for the scholar, Bharata’s work influenced millions directly. For these reasons alone, the Natyasastra is one of the most important books ever written.

To appreciate the pervasive influence of the Natyasastra, just consider music. The comprehensiveness of the Natyasastra forged a tradition of tremendous pride and resilience that survived the westward movement of Indian musical imagination, through the agency of itinerant musicians. Several thousand Indian musicians, of which Kashmiri musicians are likely to have been a part, were invited by the fifth century Persian king, Behram Gaur. Turkish armies used Indians as professional musicians.

Bharata stresses the transformative power of creative art. He says, “It teaches duty to those who have no sense of duty, love to those who are eager for its fulfilment, and it chastises those who are ill-bred or unruly, promotes self-restraint in those who are disciplined, gives courage to cowards, energy to heroic persons, enlightens men of poor intellect and gives wisdom to the learned.”

Our life is spent learning one language or another. Words in themselves are not enough, we must learn the languages of relationships, ideas, music, games, business, power and nature. There are some languages that one wishes did not exist, like that of evil. But evil, resulting from the ignorance that makes one act like an animal, is a part of nature and it is best to recognise it so that one knows how to confront it. Creative art show us a way to transcend evil because of its ability to transform. This is why religious fanatics hate art.

This essay has been taken from Kashmir and its People: Studies in the Evolution of Kashmiri Society . M.K. Kaw (ed.), A.P.H., New Delhi, 2004.

To Be Continued.

Subhash Kak is Regents professor of electrical and computer engineering at Oklahoma State University and a vedic scholar.

Indian culture
Kashmir Valley
Kashmir History
Natyasastra

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V eteran civil rights activist and journalist Gautam Navlakha, who surrendered before National Intelligence Agency (NIA) in New Delhi on April 14 following a Supreme Court order on the Bhima-Koregaon case , has had a long and deep engagement with Kashmir.

As an activist and journalist, Navlakha has visited and worked in Kashmir for decades. Anyone who knows him in Kashmir knows how he’s always spoken out, and written about, their political and human rights. He’s also produced a body of work documenting the changing political situation and rights violations in Kashmir over the years. He’s also written extensively on the impact of heavy militarization on the economy and on the lives of people in Kashmir. Navlakha has equally been a part of many ground-breaking, fact-finding delegations and reports on Jammu and Kashmir, some of which are not available online.

While his writings on Kashmir largely focus on state violence and militarization in the region, his writings on the Maoist insurgency focus on both the sociology and organization of insurgency itself.

About a decade ago, I remember Navlakha speaking in a civil society seminar in Srinagar. The pain in his voice showed a rare concern and deep empathy for the struggles of people in Kashmir.

He also spoke about how it’s probably the only movement where so many people have suffered so much and over many decades without achieving anything substantial in return.

“I can’t understand why Kashmir doesn’t get anything concrete despite all the sacrifices people have made here over decades,” he said, wanting the people to also think about protecting their lives while also resisting abusive power. “You ask any sacrifice and people have made it here. You deserve a better future now.”

I’m reminded of what Belarusian writer Svetlana Alexievich, who was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Literature, said in her moving Nobel Lecture which also sums up the sense of loss and pain in Kashmir.

“Suffering is our capital, our natural resource,” she said. “Not oil or gas – but suffering. It is the only thing we are able to produce consistently. I’m always looking for the answer: why doesn’t our suffering convert into freedom?”

Here’s a list of 10 essays by Gautam Navlakha on Kashmir, with short excerpts and online links to full essays, which were published in different publications, many of them in the reputed Economic and Political Weekly, dating back to the early 1990s.

10 Must-Read Essays on Kashmir by Gautam Navlakha

“Bharat’s Kashmir War” by Gautam Navlakha (EPW, December 21, 1991)

This paper attempts to clarify the Kashmir imbroglio by investigating its genesis in the context of the Indian state’s responses.

“In most Indian writings, however, the characterisation of the movement in Kashmir as communal and fundamentalist proceeds from the argument that the Kashmiri Pandits are being hounded out of Kashmir and since they do not share the desire for referendum the demand cannot be ‘nationalist’ since nationalism is a secular identity. The contrary is however true. Nationalism is not the opposite of religious identity. The point of commonality is not just the religious zeal.”

Bharat’s Kashmir War In the last two years a lot has been written on Kashmir. But arguments on all sides have been more in the nature of assertions rather than informed reasoning. J…

“Kashmir: At the Edge of the Possible” by Gautam Navlakha (Economic and Political Weekly, September 17, 1994)

“…since the Indian army cannot defeat militancy and because the government is not trying hard enough for a political solution, not even when political openings come its way, and with involvement of international agencies being increasingly perceived as the only way in which the Indian government can be dissuaded from persisting with its militaristic response to what has been and remains a political problem, the prospect of peace without the association of Hurriyet to work out the framework and modality of a referendum remains remote.”

Kashmir At the Edge of the Possible Kashmir: At the Edge of the Possible Gautam Navlakha The emergence of the militant organisation Harkatul Ansar holds the prospect of mindless violence of a kind one sees in Afghanistan, but the blame for this must rest squarely on the government, on its total lack of foresight.

“India Turns Clock Back” Back by Gautam Navlakha (EPW, May 22, 1993)

“It needs reiteration that chauvinism and anti-Muslim prejudice all over India found sustenance in lies about destruction of temples in Kashmir or in ignorance of the facts of Kashmiri Pandit migration from the valley which actually accelerated after Jagmohan took over in January 1990. This should act as a reminder that if the policy of attrition is not controlled back, the consequences point in the direction of a xenophobic build-up which will pave the way eventually for ‘demo-graphic Indianisation’.”

KASHMIR- India Turns Clock Back The decision to impose army rule in Kashmir, in effect if not formally, represents a tragic turn of policy, as much for India as for the people of Kashmir. Step by step the government has been moving in precisely the direction which the BJP and the Hindu chauvinists have been urging it to take.

“Chrar-e-Sharief: Victory for Hardliners on Both Sides” by Gautam Navlakha (EPW, May 20, 1995)

“On May 9, the day before the destruction of Chrar-e-Sharief, the right and left in parliament unitedly condemned the government for ‘kneeling’ before the militants. Not a word was said about the Kashmiri people’s alienation and the violence perpetrated against them. Indeed there was not even the usual vacuous talk of the political process.”

Chrar-e-Sharief-Victory for Hardliners on Both Sides The government’s version of the hunting of Chrar-e-Sharief and the events leading up to it are full of holes, but more important is it that the destruction of the shrine has dealt a blow to the efforts of Kashmiri leaders such as Shabir Shah and Yasin Malik who Have been working courageously to bring the gun under control in Kashmir.

“It’s Never Too Late to Do the Right Thing” by Gautam Navlakha (EPW, July 29, 2000)

“History teaches that people are not mere spectators who cannot influence the course of events. When successive governments failed the citizens by dividing the people, then it would be a mistake to leave every-thing to the discretion of the government. It is for us to fight for a just and honourable peace. Irrespective of what the government or militant leadership do in J&K, actions of solidarity can also stem the tide of communal polarisation. But before everything else we must welcome and lend unqualified support to the Kashmiris because it is the inalienable right of all of us to revolt against oppression to defend our dignity and freedom. It is only then our concerns will acquire meaning, and be taken seriously. To the extent people make their own histories the choice is ours.”

Kashmir : It’s Never Too Late to Do the Right Thing An obsession with territorial integrity has undermined the singular importance of the politics of solidarity, preventing an appreciation of the ground realities in Kashmir. The government’s current offer to hold unconditional talks with the militant leadership, while commendable, cannot succeed unless there is a recognition of the urgent need to begin the long process of gaining the confidence of the Kashmiris.

State of Jammu and Kashmir’s Economy” by Gautam Navlakha (EPW, October 6, 2007)

“The Economic Survey for J&K does show how despite the disruptions and privations caused by war, economic performance has improved. Quite apart from sweeping statements about employment in horticulture and the importance of tourism, it does, however, skirt the fact that without addressing the issue of occupation of land by troops and restrictions placed on the use of water resources, both intricately linked to a political solution, problems will remain in the path of realising the full economic potential of the state.”

State of Jammu and Kashmir’s Economy The 2006-07 Economic Survey for Jammu and Kashmir reveals that despite the privations of conflict, the performance of the economy has improved in recent years. However, unless the two political issues of occupation of land and restrictions on the use of the state’s water resources are removed, the full economic potential of the state will not be realised.

“Doctrine for Sub-conventional Operations: A Critique” (Economic and Political Weekly, April 13, 2007)

In late 2006, the Indian army released its first ever doctrine on sub-conventional operations, i e, internal operations. This article critiques the document. “It is worth nothing what the Army Chief told the students of Sainik School in Thiruvananthapuram on February 17, 2007. According to him, the army’s fight is against the “divisive forces” and “our cause is just” and “we fight to win”. Win in this context means to suppress people.”

Doctrine for Sub-Conventional Operations: A Critique on JSTOR In late 2006, the Indian army released its first ever doctrine on sub-conventional operations, i e, internal operations. This article critiques the document.

“Kashmir: State Cultivation of the Amarnath Yatra” by Gautam Navlakha (Monthly Review, Aug 08, 2008)

“Arguably, when the yatra was halted between 1991 and 1996 due to the threat by a section of the militants it played into the hands of the extreme right wing elements in Indian society who have since then played an integral role in mobilising large numbers of pilgrims. However, it is equally important to note that earlier, schoolchildren and college youth used to act as volunteers and provide assistance to the yatris. Even when this was discontinued after 1996, the main indigenous militant organisation the Hizbul Mujahideen and Muslim Janbaz Force always supported the yatra and consistently demonstrated its opposition towards those who tried to disrupt it. And even today there is no section of people who opposes the yatra. What they resent is the horrendously jingoistic turn that it has taken under the SASB.”

MR Online | Kashmir: State Cultivation of the Amarnath Yatra The origins of the conflagration in June in Kashmir on forest land allocation for construction of facilities for the Amarnath yatra lie in open state promotion of the pilgrimage. The yatra has caused considerable damage to the economy and ecology of the area. The high-handed actions of the Shri Amarnath Shrine Board only aggravated the situation.

“From the Killing Fields of Kashmir to the Finishing Line” by Gautam Navlakha (Sanhati, October 10, 2010)

“Truth and demand for justice are on the side of the Kashmiri people. It would be a sad day were these battles won after so much of sacrifice, is allowed to be squandered for illusory gains at the behest of mealy-mouthed Indian ruling classes. There can be no replacement for right of self-determination. It is in Indian people’s interest, for our own democratic struggle, that we stand by this demand of the Kashmiri people. Defeat of oppressors in Kashmir, unlike the doomsayers, will strengthen our struggle.”

From the Killing Fields of Kashmir to the Finishing Line By Gautam Navlakha Where armed conflicts have gone on for a long period (decades) and where negotiations have been used by the State to win time or tire out opponents, or talks are deadlocked or cannot ensure compliance with whatever solution is reached, then making a reference to the people is the most sensible way […]

“The Kashmir Question: Nation-state, War, and Religion” by Gautam Navlakha (Indian Cultural Forum, Feb 2018)

“India’s working people cannot emancipate selves if they do not come out strongly against the persecution of the Kashmiri people at the hand of the same bourgeoisie nation-state which exploits and oppresses Indian people in general. While the Indian public may not influence external developments vis a vis Pakistan or China, they certainly can affect domestic perceptions and transform the terms of debate. Therefore, it matters how India’s progressives steer their political course and whether they can provide an alternate perspective on Kashmir to counter the myopic official discourse. It needs no reiteration that it is “never too late to do the right thing.”

The Kashmir Question: Nation-State, War and Religion – Gautam Navlakha Gautam Navlakha

Relevant Links

‘My Hope Rests on a Speedy and Fair Trial’: Gautam Navlakha Before His Surrender The Supreme Court recently rejected the bail applications of scholar and activist Gautam Navlakha, who was booked under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, or UAPA for allegedly fomenting violence during during the Bhima Koregaon event. The top court gave him and scholar Anand Teltumbde one week to surrender.

India Covid-19: SC Decision To Send HRDs Gautam Navlakha And Anand Teltumbde To Jail Is Cruel And Disappointing – Amnesty International India Amnesty International India Bangalore / New Delhi: 10 April 2020 12:39 pm Amid the spread of COVID-19, the Supreme Court of India’s order directing the arrest and imprisonment of two human rights defenders, Anand Teltumbde and Gautam Navlakha within a week, is disappointing.

Why is India targeting writers during the coronavirus pandemic? | Priyamvada Gopal and Salil Tripathi As a lethal virus scorches its way across continents, the leftwing Indian rights campaigner Gautam Navlakha has been reminding us of the words of Leonard Cohen, urging people to speak up for the right things: “There is a crack/a crack in everything, that’s how light gets in.”

‘New Low in India’s Political History’: PUDR Condemns Anand Teltumbde, Gautam Navlakha’s Arrests New Delhi: Condemning the arrest of social activists and intellectuals Anand Teltumbde and Gautam Navlakha on Tuesday, the People’s Union for Democratic Rights (PUDR) said that this “attempt to browbeat rights activists” marked a “deep and scathing new low in the political history of contemporary India”.

India: Activists Detained for Peaceful Dissent (New York) – Indian authorities on April 14, 2020 detained two rights activists who have been critics of government policies, Human Rights Watch said today. The government should immediately drop all charges under a counterterrorism law against Anand Teltumbde and Gautam Navlakha for allegedly inciting caste-based violence along with other activists during a demonstration in Maharashtra state in 2017.

Mounting international concern over detention of civil rights activists in India in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic Over 5,000 Individuals and 15 Organizations Sign Global Statement of Support for Dr. Anand Teltumbde and Mr. Gautam Navlakha On 16 March 2020, a Supreme Court bench comprising the judges Arun Mishra and Mukeshkumar Rasikbhai Shah rejected the anticipatory bail pleas of the civil-rights activist Gautam Navlakha and the writer Anand Teltumbde, in relation to the violence at Bhima Koregaon in January 2018.

Stand in Solidarity with Anand Teltumbde and Gautam Navlakha Stand in Solidarity with Anand Teltumbde and Gautam Navlakha Statement by Activists, Academics and Concerned Citizens In August 2018, the Pune Police implicated Prof. Anand Teltumbde and Gautam Navlakha with other human right activists and lawyers in the now-infamous fabricated Elgar Parishad case.

Journalist Gautam Navlakha tells CPJ he fears imprisonment amid COVID-19 pandemic New Delhi, April 9, 2020 — Indian authorities should stop pursuing the arrest of journalist Gautam Navlakha, and should cease holding journalists in jail during the COVID-19 pandemic, the Committee to Protect Journalists said today.

Clampdown On Dissent Continues During The Covid-19 Pandemic In India The clampdown on dissent in India continues. Even during a pandemic, the Government of India is seeing to that targeting those critical of the government are being targeted. When hard-won rights to expression and peaceful protest are weakened, everyone stands to lose.

Human Rights Defender Gautam Navlakha’s Letter Before His Arrest As I prepare to Ieave to surrender before the NIA headquarters in Delhi I am glad that Justice Arun Mishra and Justice Indira Banerjee gave me another week of freedom when they passed the order on April 8, 2020. A week of freedom means a lot in my condition, even in the age of lockdown.

Global Solidarity Staement for Dr. Anand Teltumbde and Gautam Navlakha – Jamhoor This is a time sensitive petition for the immediate release of Anand Teltumbde and Gautam Navlakha, two of India’s foremost civil rights activists and public intellectuals. Please read and sign this petition here: Global Solidarity Statement for Dr. Anand Teltumbde and Gautam Navlakha .

Human rights groups denounce Indian activists’ arrest as crackdown on dissent – La Prensa Latina Media New Delhi, Apr 15 (efe-epa).- Human rights nonprofits on Wednesday came down hard against the Indian government a day after the arrest of scholar Anand Teltumbde and rights activist Gautam Navlakha under an anti-terrorism law for allegedly inciting violence during a protest in 2018, calling it a clampdown on dissent.

96c03acb00 – United States Department of State India is a multiparty, federal, parliamentary democracy with a bicameral legislature. The president, elected by an electoral college composed of the state assemblies and parliament, is the head of state, and the prime minister is the head of government.

Under UAPA, Process Itself Becomes Punishment, Writes Activist Gautam Navlakha Before Surrendering | NewsClick As the country remembers Dr Bhimrao Ambedkar on the occasion of his birth anniversary, civil rights activists Gautam Navlakha and Anand Teltumbde, who were booked under the draconian UAPA in relation to the Bhima Koregaon violence in 2018, are set to surrender to the police.

Indian columnist arrested on trumped-up “Maoism” charge | Reporters without borders Reporters Without Borders (RSF) calls for the immediate and unconditional release of Gautam Navlakha, a well-known columnist and human rights defender who, despite serious humanitarian concerns, has been jailed on a flimsy charge brought by India’s counter-terrorism police, the National Investigation Agency (NIA).

Persecution of rights activists and voices of dissent in India Recently, in a series of synchronized raids carried throughout India, various human rights activists and vocal critics of the ruling government were arrested under the Unlawful Activities Prevention Act (UAPA), an anti-terror law. These arrests have been widely criticized for being politically motivated as they are aimed at curbing the right of free speech and dissent or criticism towards the government.

Dalit leaders condemn Anand Teltumbde’s arrest on 14 April-Ambedkar Jayanti On 16 March 2020, a Supreme Court bench comprising the judges Arun Mishra and Mukeshkumar Rasikbhai Shah rejected the anticipatory bail pleas of the civil-rights activist Gautam Navlakha and the writer Teltumbde, in relation to the violence at Bhima Koregaon in January 2018.

UK Rights Organisations condemn arrest of Anand Teltumbde and Gautam Navlakha UK Rights Organisations condemn the imminent arrest of Prof Dr Anand Teltumbde and Gautam Navlakha Demand prompt release of all political and democratic rights activists in Indian jails 08 April 2020 The police in the State of Maharashtra, India, acting at the behest of the central BJP Hindutva government, is forcing the arrest of Professor […]

Statement by Hindus for Human Rights and Global Indian Progressive Alliance Protesting the Arrest of Dr. Anand Teltumbde and Gautam Navlakha – Hindus For Human Rights Dr. Anand Teltumbde is a highly respected and revered scholar and human rights defender. Along with his comrade in justice work, Gautam Navlakha, Dr. Teltumbde will be arrested today on demonstrably fabricated charges related to the Bhima Koregaon case.

Dalit Leaders, Political Representatives Condemn Dr Teltumbde’s Imminent Arrest on Ambedkar Jayanti | NewsClick Ahead of the Anand Teltumbde’s surrender on April 14 [also the ocaasion of B R Ambedkar’s birth anniversary] in accordance with the Supreme Court order, Dalit, Adivasi, OBC and minority leaders have demanded that he be allowed “to live and write, to be a free spirit that enlivens our democratic selves”.

MASS condemn arrest of Gautam Navalakha and Anand Teltumbe Guwahati: The Manab Adhikar Sangram Samiti (MASS) is disturbed and dismayed by the Supreme Court of India’s decision to allow for the detention of civil rights activist Gautam Navalakha and Anand Teltumbe after August 14,2020. Both had been implicated in Bhima Korgoan case of 2018, where many Dalit activists were hurt in rioting by mobs supported by powerful local politicians.

‘A tragedy for India’: Author Arundhati Roy on arrests of activists Anand Teltumbde, Gautam Navlakha ‘They have both been accused of outlandish crimes.’

In Solidarity with and Appeal to Acquit Prof. Anand Teltumbde In Solidarity with and Appeal to Acquit Prof. Anand Teltumbde Statement by IIMA faculty, students and alumni Over 280 students, faculty members and alumni of Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad (IIMA), have signed a statement in solidarity with their illustrious alumnus, Anand Teltumbde who apart from being a corporate leader and teacher has done so much to the society.

About the Contributor

Majid Maqbool

Essay on Winter in Kashmir: A Frosty Canvas of Enchanting Beauty

Nestled in the lap of the Himalayas, Kashmir transforms into a mesmerizing winter wonderland when the chilly winds announce the arrival of the winter season. The snow-capped peaks, frozen lakes, and charming wooden houses draped in snow create a picture-perfect landscape that captures the heart. In this essay, we delve into the enchanting allure of winter in Kashmir, where nature adorns itself in a blanket of pristine white.

Quick Overview:

Blanket of Snow: The defining feature of winter in Kashmir is the thick blanket of snow that covers the entire region. The landscape undergoes a magical transformation, turning into a serene expanse of glistening white. The snow-capped mountains and trees create a picturesque scene that is nothing short of a winter fairy tale.
Frozen Lakes and Rivers: The famous Dal Lake and other water bodies in Kashmir freeze during winter, transforming into natural ice rinks. Locals and tourists alike engage in ice-skating and other winter sports, adding a layer of joyous activity to the tranquil beauty of the frozen lakes.
Chinar Trees in Hibernation: The iconic Chinar trees, which line the landscape of Kashmir, shed their leaves during winter, standing in hibernation against the cold. The bare branches, dusted with snow, add a unique charm to the scenery, creating a serene atmosphere that invites reflection and tranquility.
Cosy Houseboats on Dal Lake: The houseboats on Dal Lake, a symbol of Kashmir’s unique charm, take on a different aura in winter. These floating abodes offer a cozy retreat for visitors who wish to experience the magic of winter in Kashmir while being surrounded by the comforts of a warm and inviting houseboat.
Winter Festivals and Hospitality: Despite the chilly temperatures, the winter season in Kashmir is marked by warmth in hospitality and a vibrant celebration of festivals. The traditional warmth of Kashmiri hospitality comes to the fore as locals and visitors gather to celebrate festivals, share traditional cuisine, and revel in the joyous spirit of winter.

Conclusion: In conclusion, winter in Kashmir unfolds as a captivating chapter in nature’s book, where the chill in the air is accompanied by a sense of tranquility and beauty. The snow-laden landscapes, frozen lakes, and traditional houseboats encapsulate the essence of winter in Kashmir—a season that brings both serenity and celebration.

As one immerses in the winter charm of Kashmir, it becomes evident that the region not only embraces the frosty season but also celebrates it with a unique blend of cultural richness and natural splendor. Winter in Kashmir is not just a weather phenomenon; it is a cultural tapestry woven with the threads of tradition, hospitality, and the breathtaking beauty that transforms the region into a snow-kissed paradise. In experiencing winter in Kashmir, one finds not just a season but a poetic journey through a landscape painted in hues of white and a celebration of the vibrant spirit that thrives even in the chilliest of temperatures.

Rahul Kumar is a passionate educator, writer, and subject matter expert in the field of education and professional development. As an author on CoursesXpert, Rahul Kumar’s articles cover a wide range of topics, from various courses, educational and career guidance.

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Short Essay On Beauty Of Kashmir In Urdu

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کشمیر کی خوبصورتی پر ایک مضمون

کشمیر اتر پردیش ہندوستان کے جھیلم ندی کی گھاٹی پر واقع ہے۔ کشمیر کی خوبصورتی پوری دنیا کے لئے مثال ہے۔ اسے دنیا کی ایک چھوٹی سی جنت کا بھی خطاب حاصل ہے۔

کشمیر دیکھنے میں بہت ہی زیادہ خوبصورت ہے۔ اس کی خوبصورتی کسی بھی موسم میں کم نہیں ہوتی۔ اس خوبصورت جگہ کو دیکھنے کے لئے لوگ دور دور سے یہاں آتے ہیں اور خاص طور پر لوگ یہاں گرمیوں میں آتے ہیں کیونکہ گرمیوں میں بھی یہاں کا موسم ٹھنڈا اور ہریالی سے بھرا ہوتا ہے۔ سردیوں میں یہاں ہر طرف برف دیکھنے کو ملتی ہے اور لوگ برف کے گولے سے کھیل کر لطف اٹھاتے ہیں۔ پیڑوں پر لال لال سیب لگے ہوتے ہیں۔ یہاں جانے والا ہرشخص یہی کہتا ہے کہ اصلی جنت کشمیر ہی ہے۔

کشمیر میں گھومنے کے لیے بہت سے سیاحتی علاقے ہیں۔ جیسے گل مرگ، سونا مرگ، پتنی ٹاپ وغیرہ۔ گل مرگ علاقہ کشمیر کی جان اور شان ہے۔ کوئی بھی شخص کشمیر جاکر بنا گل مرگ گھومے واپس نہیں لوٹتا۔

کشمیر میں رہنے والے لوگ گوشت کھاتے ہیں۔ زیادہ تر ان کے کھانے میں کباب وغیرہ ہوتے ہیں اور سبزیاں بھی یہ گوشت میں ڈال کر ہی کھاتے ہیں اور کھانے کے بعد میٹھے میں یہ لوگ فیرینی پسند کرتے ہیں۔

کشمیر کے لوگ دیکھنے میں رنگ کے گورے اور بہت ہی خوبصورت ہوتے ہیں۔کشمیر کے سیب پورے ہندوستان میں مشہور ہیں اور یہاں کے اخروٹ اور سارے سوکھے میوے سستے اور اچھے ملتے ہیں۔ کشمیر ایک خوبصورت جگہ تو ہے لیکن اس کے ساتھ ساتھ یہ بہت ہی خطرے سے بھری ہوئی جگہ ہے۔ یہاں پر آتنگواد کا بہت ہی زیادہ خطرہ رہتا ہے۔ یہاں کے لوگ ذرا بھی محفوظ نہیں ہیں۔

کشمیر کے لوگوں پر کب گولیاں برس جائیں اور کب بم پھٹ جائے اور کب ان کی جان چلی جائے کچھ نہیں کہا جاسکتا۔ کشمیر کی سرحد پر جنگ کا ہونا عام سی بات ہے اور اس میں زیادہ تر معصوم اور بے گناہ لوگ مارے جاتے ہیں۔ جنگ کا ہونا تو صرف کچھ دنوں کا ہوتا ہے، لیکن زندگی نہ جانے کتنے برس روتی ہے۔ نہ جانے کب تک ایسی جنگوں میں بچے بھوک سے مرتے رہیں گے اور کشمیر کی حالت تو کچھ ایسی ہو رہی ہے کہ کشمیر کے مسلمان اگر پاکستان کی گرفت میں آجائیں تو ہندوستانی جاسوس کہلاتے ہیں اور جب ہندوستان کی گرفت میں آجائیں تو آتنگوادی کہلاتے ہیں۔

کشمیر کے مسلمان ہندستان کے ہوتے ہوئے بھی نہ تو ہندوستان کے ہیں اور نہ ہی پاکستان کے ہیں۔ جبکہ ان سب میں ان کا تو کوئی قصور بھی نہیں ہے۔ پھر بھی وہ سزا جھیل رہے ہیں گولیاں جھیل رہے ہیں۔ یہ سارا قصور حکومت کا ہے اگر حکومت چاہے تو کشمیر کی خوبصورتی پھر سے جگمگانے لگے گی اور دہشت گردی کی جگہ محبت اور آزادی کا پرچم لہرانے لگے گا۔

Beauties of Kashmir Essay

Beauties of kashmir.

Love for beauty is an inborn trait with a man. Prettiness has served as a source of joy and thrill for the people of all times and climes. This is so because the human soul being essentially beautiful and graceful is moved by an external view of beauty. It is a case of “like attracting the like.”

Kashmir is known as the paradise on earth. The westerners call it the Switzerland of Asia. But those who have seen Switzerland find it more beautiful. It is a land of many splendors and surprises. Its scenic beauty, fruits, and flowers; its bracing climate and soothing atmosphere; its calmness and quietness provide a healing touch to the people with rundown health and aching hearts.

The beauty of Kashmir beggars description. The crystal clear and cool waters, the gentle breeze blowing through its meadows and forests, the gushing cascades, the serpentine rivers, the babbling brooks, the rippling lakes and the lofty snow-clad mountains of Kashmir prove a delicious treat to the people who visit it. Tourists visiting the valley, at the very first sight, succumb to the temptation of these idyllic scenes.

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Nature has bestowed Kashmir with exciting sights and exotic land spots. Pahalgam, Gulmarg, Kukernag, Sonamarag, Harven, Nishat, Verinag and Achabal are among the famous tourist haunts, which leave you spellbound. Besides, the charming beauty, these health resorts also afford pleasures like swimming, diving, sailing, skiing, surfing, scatting, horse riding, mountaineering, fishing, trekking, and camping, etc.

Whichever way you enter Kashmir – by air or by road – the very first glimpse of its sparkling lakes, sun-bathed slopes, dark shadowy vales, and snow-covered mountain ranges are bound to captivate your heart and a Persian poet’s words, “If there is paradise on earth it is this, it is this”, Would instantly spring to your mind.

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Essay on Trip to Kashmir

Students are often asked to write an essay on Trip to Kashmir in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Trip to Kashmir

Introduction.

Kashmir, often referred to as ‘Paradise on Earth’, is a place of breathtaking beauty. My trip to Kashmir was an unforgettable experience.

The Journey

The journey was exciting. We travelled by train to Jammu and then by road to Srinagar. The scenic beauty was mesmerizing.

In Srinagar, we stayed in a houseboat on Dal Lake. The floating markets were a unique sight.

Next, we visited Gulmarg. The cable car ride to the snow-covered peaks was thrilling.

The trip to Kashmir was a delightful experience. It was like stepping into a different world.

250 Words Essay on Trip to Kashmir

The enthralling journey.

The trip to Kashmir, often referred to as ‘Paradise on Earth’, was an unforgettable experience. The pristine beauty of the place is not just a visual treat but a soulful retreat. As the plane descended, the panorama of snow-capped mountains, lush green valleys, and sparkling rivers was a sight to behold.

The Exquisite Srinagar

Srinagar, the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir, was our first stop. The city is a perfect blend of tradition and modernity. The iconic Dal Lake, with its vibrant Shikaras and floating markets, offered a unique cultural experience. The Mughal Gardens, with their terraced lawns, cascading fountains, and bright flower beds, spoke volumes about the Mughal love for aesthetics and nature.

Gulmarg – The Meadow of Flowers

Next, we visited Gulmarg, a hill station famed for its breathtaking landscapes and adventure sports. The Gondola ride, one of the highest operating cable cars in the world, provided a bird’s eye view of the valley. The adrenaline rush of skiing down the snow-covered slopes was exhilarating.

Pahalgam – The Shepherd’s Village

Our last stop was Pahalgam, a quaint village offering picturesque views and serene trails. A horseback ride to the Betaab Valley was a thrilling experience, while the peaceful environment of the Lidder River was calming.

Reflections

The trip to Kashmir was more than just a visual delight. It was a journey into the heart of nature, a symphony of experiences that resonated with the essence of life and beauty. The memories of this trip are not just imprinted on our minds, but have found a permanent place in our hearts.

500 Words Essay on Trip to Kashmir

Kashmir, often referred to as “Paradise on Earth,” is a mesmerizing blend of picturesque landscapes, invigorating climate, and rich culture. This essay will take you on a virtual journey through this enchanting valley, highlighting its captivating beauty and unique experiences.

The journey to Kashmir is an experience in itself. Whether you choose the aerial route, offering a bird’s eye view of the snow-capped mountains, or the road, winding through the verdant landscapes, each provides a unique perspective. The welcoming cool breeze and the sight of lush green fields and orchards set the tone for the trip ahead.

Srinagar: The Summer Capital

Srinagar, the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir, is an epitome of tranquility. The city’s charm lies in the serene Dal Lake, where the vibrant Shikaras (boats) and floating markets offer a unique experience. The sight of beautifully carved wooden houseboats reflecting in the calm waters of the lake is truly captivating. The historic Mughal Gardens, with their terraced lawns, cascading fountains, and bright flower beds, add to the city’s allure.

Gulmarg: The Meadow of Flowers

Next on the itinerary is Gulmarg, a hill station that turns into a snowy wonderland during winter. Famous for its ski slopes and the world’s highest gondola ride, Gulmarg offers breathtaking views of the Himalayan peaks. The lush green meadows, dotted with vibrant flowers, transform into a blanket of white during winters, offering a different kind of beauty.

Pahalgam: The Valley of Shepherds

Pahalgam, another jewel in Kashmir’s crown, is a delight for nature lovers. The Lidder River, flowing through the town, offers opportunities for river rafting. Pahalgam also serves as the base camp for the annual Amarnath Yatra, attracting thousands of pilgrims.

Local Cuisine and Culture

No trip to Kashmir is complete without indulging in the local cuisine. Wazwan, the traditional multi-course meal, is a gastronomic delight. The use of local spices and flavors in dishes like Rogan Josh, Yakhni, and the famed Kahwa (Kashmiri tea) offers a unique culinary experience. The rich culture of Kashmir is reflected in its traditional music, dance, and handicrafts. The exquisite Pashmina shawls, hand-knotted carpets, and intricate Papier-mâché items make for perfect souvenirs.

A trip to Kashmir is an immersion into a unique blend of natural beauty, rich culture, and warm hospitality. It leaves one with unforgettable memories and a longing to return. Despite the challenges that this region has faced, its enchanting beauty remains untouched, making it a paradise worth visiting.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

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Happy studying!

Essay on Kashmir in English

In this article you will find Essay, Paragraph & Article on Kashmir for nursery essay, lkg essay, ukg essay, first class essay, second class essay and more. Essay of 200, 300 & 400 words for child students in Very Simple & Easy Words.

Article Index

200 Words – Essay on Kashmir for Students & Kids in Very Easy Words

Kashmir is located on the Jhelum River in north India. It is always cold here. It is very beautiful. It is called Paradise on Earth. Its beauty seems very captivating in every season. In summer there is greenery everywhere and in winter everything is covered with snow. The red apples hanging on the apples look very beautiful. There are many tourist places to see in Kashmir like Gulmarg, Sonmarg etc. Gulmarg is called the life of Kashmir. Sarovars like Vullar add to the beauty of Kashmir.

The people of Kashmir are called Kashmiri Pandits and they are very beautiful. They are also non-vegetarians and consume kebabs etc. After eating here, it is rotated in sweets. Saffron is cultivated here. Whoever goes to this place makes sure to buy show pieces made of walnut wood, apple, Pashmina shawl and saffron. Kashmir is a matter of great dispute between India and Pakistan. Kashmir has its own flag and it has its own constitution under Section 370 of the Constitution of India. No person outside Kashmir can buy land in Kashmir.

300 Words – Essay on Kashmir for Students & Kids in Very Easy Words

Kashmir is a very beautiful state situated in the north of India, which is also known as the paradise of India due to its beauty. It is because of its beauty that it has caused controversy between India, Pakistan and China. Some interesting facts related to Kashmir –

Get Facts of Kashmir :

1. Kashmir is the only state in India which has its own separate constitution and flag. 2. A person from any other state cannot buy property in Kashmir. 3. India’s right over 60 percent of Kashmir and Pakistan’s right over 30 percent and China 10 percent is under China. 4. The largest lake in Asia is the Wular pond of Kashmir. 5. Kashmir has two capital. Srinagar in summer and Jammu in winter. 6. Kashmir is called the home of glaciers. There is a 76 km long Siachen Glacier here. 7. The duration of the Legislative Assembly of Kashmir is 6 years while in other states it is only 5 years. 8. Pashmina shawls of Kashmir are famous all over the world and are exported. 9. Kashmir also has an 11 kilometer long road tunnel known as Channi Nisar. 10. Leh district of Kashmir is the second largest district in India. 11. The people of Kashmir are educated and their literacy rate is higher than India and Pakistan. 12. People in Kashmir are divided into three communities. People of Hindu religion live in Jammu and people of Muslim community in the valley and Buddhism in northern part of Ladakh. 13. If a girl from Kashmir marries a boy from any other state in India, her citizenship ends but if she marries a boy from Pakistan, the boy gets citizenship of Kashmir.

400 Words – Essay on Kashmir for Students & Kids in Very Easy Words

The poet has rightly said about Kashmir that “if there is heaven on earth, it is here, it is here”. We have been fortunate enough to spend some of our holidays in Kashmir, but this happened a few years before the disturbances started in the valley. We usually visited Kashmir during our summer holidays. We took a train to Pathankot. Steal the bus from Srinagar. The last time we were there, we went to Chandan Van. A trip in the Kashmir valley is a beautiful experience. Green plains, long There are trees, lakes, springs, snow-capped mountains. Both sides of the streets are lined with Apple and Peer Orchard.

Wild strawberry grows in abundance everywhere, flowers and fragrant saffron are cultivated here. Kashmir relies on its image of being a paradise on Earth. A visit to the Shalimar and Nishat Gardens is a lake dating back to the Mughal era, when Nur Jahan’s favorite queen of Emperor Jahangir visited these gardens. There are beautiful poplar trees, flowers and fountains all over the place. Many Hindi films have been shot here. We often visited the lakes of Kashmir. Dal Lake, which is a major tourist attraction, has many home boats. Many foreigners come here and stay during their holidays. Many boats called the gazelle between these house boats and the shores of this lake. Likewise, there is the famous Wular lake, which is a large fresh water lake.

However, among all the lakes of Kashmir, my favorites were Evanabal and Gangarbil lakes. Mansabal Lake is situated between the mountains and the Indus River. While the Gangarbal Lake is considered the source of the Ganges. It is closed in the rocky center of Harmok, Kashmir also has many springs for their healing powers. The most famous among all is Chashma – Shahi, or Shahi Vasant. It is known for its medicinal values. There is also a sulfur lake called ‘Tatta Pani’ in Kashmir. It is believed that if all take a bath in these springs, then all types of skin diseases can be cured. Kashmir is a trekker’s paradise. There are several trails scattered all over the valley which are ideally suited for trekking. They are variously known as Gulmarg or path of flowers, Sonamarg or path of gold etc. In fact the beauty of Kashmir binds a person and does not allow him to leave the place.