assignment operator vba

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Operators in Excel VBA

The signs and keywords we use to operate variable in VBA are called VBA Operators. For example, in the lines below lines =, +, >, & are operators.

There are five types of operators in any programming language, so in VBA 1. Assignment Operator 2. Arithmetic Operator 3. Comparison Operator 4. Logical Operator 5. Concatenation Operator

Let us take a look at each type of Operator in Excel VBA.

1. Assignment Operator (=)

This is the first operator you are going to use in any programming language. In VBA, it is used to assign values to variables. It is "=" (equals to).

We use this operator to assign values to variables in excel VBA. It is also used as a comparison operator in  VBA. We will talk about it later in this tutorial.

One simple example is

In the above example, we first use the assignment operator "=" to assign value to variable "a" and then use the "=" operator to assign value of "a" to value of Range("A1").

2. Arithmetic Operators

The arithmetic operators are the same operators that we are using since childhood to do simple calculations. In Excel VBA, these operators are used for doing calculations on variables and numbers.  They are:

(+) Arithmetic Addition:  This operator is used for adding two or more numbers or values of two or more variables. The lines below sum ups the values of the two variables and prints it on the Cell "A1".

A1 will have 22. This operator also works as a concatenation operator. If both, a and b will have the string values then the + operator will work as a concatenation operator. We will see how, later in the article.

(-) Arithmetic Subtraction:  This operator is used for subtracting one value from another value of  variables. The line below subtracts the value of a from b and prints it in the Cell "A1".

A1 on the sheet will have 2.

(*) Arithmetic multiplication:  This operator is used for multiplying or getting product of two or more numbers or values of two or more variables. The below lines multiplies the values of the two variables and prints it on the Cell "A1".

Cell A1 will have value 120.

(/) Arithmetic Division:  This operator is used dividing one value from another. The line below divides the value b by variable a and prints it on the Cell "A1".

Cell A1 will have value 1.2.

(Mod) Arithmetic Remainder Operator in VBA: While most PLs use the % (modulus) for getting the remainder, in VBA we use the keyword Mod.   This operator is used to get the reminder after dividing one value from another. The line below divides the value b by variable a and prints the reminder value in cell A1.

Cell A1 will have value 2.

(^ ) Arithmetic Exponential:  This operator is used to get the exponent of one value to another.  The lines below get us the value of 3 for exponential 4.

Cell A1 will have value 81 (3x3x3x3).

These operators in VBA follow the BODMAS rule. There are only 6 arithmetic operators in VBA. There are some operators that act as two types of operators like +. You will learn about them as you go through this tutorial.

3. Comparison Operators

When we want to compare two values in VBA, we use the comparison operators. The result of comparison operator is always Boolean. If the statement is true then the result in TRUE. If the statement is false then the value is False. These operators are frequently used in decision making in VBA . Let's see what they are:

(=) Equals:  Yes, the = (equals to) sign is also used as comparison operator in VBA. When we want to check if the two variables are equal or not then we use this comparison operator.

In the above example, we use the If statement and check if the values of a and b are equal. They are clearly not. Hence, the Else statement is printed.

You can check it by simply using the statement.

This will print False in the immediate window.

(<) Less Than:  This is used to check if the left value is less than right value or not.

In the above example, we check if the value of a is less than b. Since this is True, the if statement gets executed and Else doesn't.

This will print True in the immediate window.

(<=) Less Than or Equal to:  This is used to check if the left value is less than or equal to the right value or not.

In the above example, we check if the value of a is less than b. Since this is True, the If statement gets executed and Else doesn't.

(>) Greater Than:  This is used to check if the left value is greater than the right value or not.

In the above example, we check if the value of a is greater than b. Since this is False, the if statement won't get executed and Else does.

(>=) Greater Than:  This  is used to check if the left value is greater than or equal to the right value or not.

In the above example, we check if the value of a is greater than or equal to b. Since this is False, the if statement won't get executed and Else does.

(<>) Not Equal To:  This is used to check if the left value is not equal to the right value.

In the above example, we check if the value of a is not equal to b. Since this is True, the If statement will get executed and Else won't.

The above six operators are called comparison operators as we use them to compare two values or variables. You will be using them a lot in VBA to make decisions in VBA .

4. Logical Operators

Logical operators are used for doing logical operations on one or more variables. The result of such operations always results in TRUE or FALSE. The logical operators often (not always) are used to check more than one condition.

Below are the logical operators we use in VBA:

VBA AND Operator( And or *):  The VBA AND operator are used to ensure that the conditions on its left and right are True. If any of the conditions is False then the whole statement will result in False. We use the keyword And or the sign * (asterisk) for AND operations.

Check the below statement:

When we run the above snippet, the second if statement doesn't get executed. Because the first statement on the left is true, but the statement on the right is False. Hence the whole statement returns False.

In most of the languages, the symbol & is used as AND operator but not in VBA. In VBA you can use the multiplication operator * (asterisk) as AND operator to ensure that both conditions are true.

In the above example, you can use the below if statement to do the same.

You must use parenthesis to separate the conditional statements. Otherwise, the statements will follow the BODMAS rule and the result will inaccurate.

Q1: What will be the output of the below statement? Let me know in the comments section below:

When the value of a is 15 and b is 30. Write down in the comments section below.

VBA OR Operator (Or or +): The OR operator is used when we want to ensure that either the Left condition is TRUE or the Right condition is TRUE. If any of the two conditions is true then the result will be true. We use the OR keyword between two boolean statements. You can also use the + (plus) sign for OR operation. Just make sure that you use parenthesis properly to make statements clear while using + sign.

Examine the below code:

When we execute the above code, the first message is displayed and the second message is skipped. Because a is less than 15 and b is not. It only takes one condition to be True with the OR operator to get the output as true.

You write the statement as:

Q2: What will be the output of the below statement? Let me know in the comments section below:

When the value of a is 10 and b is 5. Write down in the comments section below.

VBA NOT Operator (Not): The Not operator is used to inverse the boolean value. In other words, the statement with Not operator only returns True if the statement before it is False . For example, if you use the Not keyword before a True Statement, it will result in False and vise-versa. In VBA, we use the Not keyword to check if something is not what True or False (?).

In the above code, statement  Not a = b  will return false. Initially, a=b is true but as we have used Not before it, the result is inversed and statement turns into False. In the above example, we have used the only statements before it. You can have as many statements as you want before Not operator. Just enclose them into parenthesis.

Q3: What will be the output of the below statement? Let me know in the comments section below:

5. Concatenation Operators ( & or +)

These operators are used to concatenate strings. The symbol & is used to concatenate texts. It is the recommended operator to concatenate strings. However, you can also use the + sign to concatenate.

The plus sign only concatenates two variables when both of them are strings. If any of the string is non-string the + sign will work as an addition operator.

See the below code:

In the above code, the first two lines will work perfectly fine.  The third line will run into an error because we are trying to add text with numbers. To concatenate numbers we always use the & (amp).

Multifunctional Operators in VBA

Through the above examples, you must have learned that there are many operators that work differently in different situations.

The + sign works as the addition operator while working with numbers. While working with boolean values, the plus sign works as Or operator in VBA. When used with string values the plus operator works as a concatenation operator. The lines below are valid:

The asterisk (*) sign works as a multiplication operator when operands are numeric. When the operands are boolean the asterisk works as And Operator.

The below lines of code work perfectly fine.

So yeah guys, this all about the operators in VBA. I hope it was helpful. If you have any doubts regarding the operators in VBA, ask in the comment section below.

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VBA Assignment Statements And Operators

3 minute read

An assignment statement is a VBA statement that assigns the result of an expression to a variable or an object.

In a book I read Excel’s Help system defines the term expression as:

“Combination of keywords, operators, variables, and constants that yields a string, number, or object. An expression can be used to perform a calculation, manipulate characters, or test data.”

Much of your work in VBA involves developing (and debugging) expressions.

If you know how to create simple formulas in Excel, you’ll have no trouble creating expressions.

With a formula, Excel displays the result in a cell.

A VBA expression, on the other hand, can be assigned to a variable.

For understanding purpose, I used Excel as an example. Please don’t get confused with it.

In the assignment statement examples that follow, the expressions are to the right of the equal sign:

Expressions can be as complex as you need them to be; use the line continuation character (a space followed by an underscore) to make lengthy expressions easier to read.

As you can see in the VBA uses the equal sign as its assignment operator .

You’re probably accustomed to using an equal sign as a mathematical symbol for equality.

Therefore, an assignment statement like the following may cause you to raise your eyebrows:

How can the variable x be equal to itself plus 1?

Answer: It can’t.

In this case, the assignment statement is increasing the value of x by 1 .

Just remember that an assignment uses the equal sign as an operator , not a symbol of equality.

Smooth Operators

Operators play a major role in VBA. Besides the assignment operator i.e. equal sign (discussed in the previous topic), VBA provides several other operators.

Below table lists these operators.

The term concatenation is programmer speak for “join together”.

Thus, if you concatenate strings, you are combining strings to make a new and improved string.

VBA also provides a full set of logical operators. Below table, shows some of logical operators.

The precedence order for operators in VBA is exactly the same as in Excel formulas .

Exponentiation has the highest precedence. multiplication and division come next, followed by addition and subtraction .

You can use parentheses to change the natural precedence order, making whatever’s operation in parentheses come before any operator.

Take a look at this code:

When this code is executed, what’s the value of z ?

If you answered 13 , you get a gold star that proves you understand the concept of operator precedence.

If you answered 16 , read this: The multiplication operation (5 * y) is performed first, and that result is added to x .

If you answered something other than 13 or 16 , I have no comment.

By the way, I can never remember how operator precedence works, so I tend to use parentheses even when they aren’t required.

For example, in real life I would write that last assignment statement like this:

Don’t be shy about using parentheses even if they aren’t required — especially if doing so makes your code easier to understand. VBA doesn’t care if you use extra parentheses .

Next post will be about VBA Arrays .

Breaking down the A-to-Zs of VBA to turbocharge your productivity.

Vba operators and precedence.

• by Sola Bode
• in VBA Coding Constructs
• February 25, 2021

In this article:

Vba operators.

VBA operators are special tokens that instruct the compiler to “ operate ” on values or program identifiers. They are also referred to as program symbols or code elements. Also, the program identifiers they operate on (e.g., addition) must be capable of holding values.

You may have heard of the term operand . These are the values (i.e., literals ) or identifiers (e.g., variables and constants) that operators act on. Based on their number of operands, operators are either unary or binary.

Unary VBA operators are operators that only act on a single operand at a time. Binary VBA operators are those that only act on two operands at a time.

VBA supports the following categories of operators:

• Assignment Operator ;
• Member Access Operators ;
• Concatenation Operators ;
• Arithmetic Operators ;
• Comparison Operators ;
• Logical Operators .

This article gives a birds eye view of each of these VBA operator categories.

VBA Operator Precedence

Often, an operation involves more than one operator, sometimes of different categories. So, it is worthwhile paying special attention to the order of precedence of the VBA operators. Otherwise, VBA’s default operator precedence applies.

The default precedence is as follows: arithmetic first, then concatenation, followed by comparison, then logical, and finally assignment operators.

Moreover, there is a pre-set precedence for operators within each category. How do you override this default order and remove any ambiguity? Easy, set the preferred precedence with open and close parentheses, ( ).

Assignment VBA Operator

VBA supports a single assignment operator, =. It stores the value of the operand on its right in the operand on its left. Afterward, both operands hold the same value.

Moreover, the operand on the right can comprise several expressions. Note that expressions are combinations of operands and operators.

Meanwhile, the identifier on the left must be a value-holding program identifier.

In any case, both operands must be of the same data type (otherwise, they can’t hold the same values).

So, the assignment operator writes the value of the right-side expression to the memory address of the left-side program identifier .

Check out this detailed article on the assignment operator . It features sample code and vital points on using the assignment operator.

Member Access VBA Operators

Member access operators ease the referencing (i.e., accessing) of class or object’s members (i.e., properties, methods, or events ). There are two such VBA operators, the dot (.) and bang or exclamation point (!) operators, as described in the table below.

As shown in the table, both member access operators have the same precedence. So, when they both appear together in an expression, evaluation proceeds in the order of appearance from left to right.

Besides, enclosing a part of an expression in parentheses prioritizes its evaluation ahead of other parts.

Check out this detailed article on member access operators . It features sample code and vital points on using the member access operators.

Concatenation VBA Operators

Concatenation operators join two String operands together. The result is a single expression with the operand after the operator appended to the operand before it.

The table below summarizes the different VBA concatenation operators.

As shown in the table, both concatenation operators have the same precedence. So, when they both appear together in an expression, evaluation proceeds in the order of appearance from left to right.

Also, enclosing a part of an expression in parentheses causes it to be evaluated ahead of other parts. Moreover, note that the arithmetic plus (+) operator has precedence over concatenation plus (+) .

Check out this detailed article on concatenation operators . It features sample code and vital points on using the concatenation operators.

Arithmetic VBA Operators

Arithmetic operators perform simple mathematic operations. Their operations include addition, subtraction, division, multiplication, exponentiation and modulus. The table below summarizes the different VBA arithmetic operators.

When several arithmetic operators with the same precedence appear together in an expression, evaluation proceeds in the order of appearance from left to right.

Also, enclosing a part of an expression in parentheses causes it to be evaluated ahead of other parts.

Check out this detailed article on arithmetic operators . It features sample code and vital points on using the arithmetic operators.

Comparison VBA Operators

Comparison operators perform relational, object equality, and string match operations on a pair of operands. The table below summarizes the various comparison operators supported by VBA.

As shown in the table, comparison operators all have equal precedence. So, when several of them appear together in an expression, their evaluation proceeds in the order of appearance from left to right.

Check out this detailed article on comparison operators . It features sample code and vital points on using the comparison operators.

Logical VBA Operators

Logical operators perform logical negation, conjunction, disjunction, exclusion, equivalence, and implication operations. They do so on either one operand ( unary operation ) or a pair of operands ( binary operation ).

The table below summarizes the various logical operators supported by VBA.

As shown in the table, all VBA logical operators have different precedence. So, when several of them appear in an expression, evaluation proceeds in the order of appearance from left to right.

Check out this detailed article on logical operators . It features sample code and vital points on using the logical operators.

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VBA Operators

Operators perform actions on values and return a result. Operations work much like functions as they take input values, do an operation, and return an output value. There are arithmetic operators, string concatenation operators, comparison operators, logical operators, and bitwise operators. Expressions are created by joining values or expressions using operators.

Operator Precedence

Operator Precedence is the order in which operators are evaluated in an expression.

Precedence Order

• Parentheses: ()
• Exponentiation: ^
• Unary Identity and Negation: +, -
• Multiplication and Floating-Point Division: *, /
• Integer Division: \
• Remainder Division: Mod
• Addition and Subtraction: +, -
• String Concatenation: &, +
• All Comparison Operators: =, <>, <, <=, >, >=, Like, Is, TypeOf...Is

Associativity

Operators of equal precedence will be interpreted from left to right.

Parentheses

Expressions inside parentheses are evaluated first. Parentheses are used to override precedence order.

Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic Operators are used to perform mathematical operations on numbers.

Concatenation Operators

Concatenation Operators are used to join strings together. The & and + string concatenation operators both join strings together however the & operator will convert any non-string argument to a string whereas the + operator will not. If the + operator is used to combine a string with a non-string an error will occur. The CStr function can be used to explicitly convert non-string values to strings.

Comparison Operators

Comparison Operators are used to compare values and return True or False.

When comparing strings using comparison operators, the comparison method used is determined by the Option Compare statement. If no Option Compare statement is used, strings are compared using their underlying Binary representations by default (Same as using Option Compare Binary). The StrComp function provides finer control over string comparison by allowing the compare method to be specified.

The Like operator can be used to compare strings using Wildcard characters to match text patterns.

The Is keyword can be used to check if two object variables refer to the same object in memory. When objects are compared using Is, the data stored in the object's fields are not compared. A function would need to be created that compares each member of an object, given the object's type.

TypeOf...Is can be used to check an object's type. This should be used when an object is declared using the generic Object type and a certain action requires the object to be of a certain type.

Logical Operators

Logical Operators are used to perform logical operations. Logical operations result in True or False. Logical operators can be used to join together conditional statements into more complex logical expressions. In VBA, there are no short-circuit logical operators. This means that all conditions will be evaluated in a logical expression without regard to the outcome of a previous condition. For example, when using a logical And, both conditions need to be True for the expression to return True. Thus, if the first condition is False, the expression could skip evaluating the next condition and immediately return False. In VBA however, evaluation will continue even if the result could already be determined.

Note: There are no short-circuit logical operators in VBA.

True if both conditions are true

True if at least one condition is true

True if one and only one condition is true

True if False, False if True

True if conditions are logically equivelent, otherwise False

If Condition1 is True, Condition2 must be True. If Condition1 is False, Condition2 can be True or False.

If I am a fish, I breathe water. If I am not a fish, I may breathe water or not.

Bitwise Operators

Bitwise Operators are used to logically compare the bits of binary representations of numbers and return a number representing the result of the bitwise comparison. The number of bits differs depending on the integral data type being compared and every bit is considered when doing bitwise comparisons. For example, when comparing an 8-bit integer to an 16-bit integer, the 8-bit integer will be treated like a 16-bit integer with the first 8 bits set to 0's so that all 16 bits can be compared.

Bitwise And reads integers as Binary and compares each bit using And logic.

Bitwise Or reads integers as Binary and compares each bit using Or logic.

Bitwise Xor reads integers as Binary and compares each bit using Xor logic.

Bitwise Not reads an integer as Binary and reverses each bit.

Bitwise Eqv reads an integer as Binary and compares each bit using Eqv logic.

Bitwise Imp reads an integer as Binary and compares each bit using Imp logic.

Assigment Operator

The assignment operator is used to assign values to variables. The left side of the assignment operator must be a variable and the right side of the assignment operator must be an expression that evaluates to a value that can be assigned to a variable.

AddressOf Operator

The AddressOf operator is used to pass the address of a procedure to an API function which requires a function pointer as a parameter.

There a few operator-like symbols in VBA which perform specific functions.

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Operators and Operands in Excel VBA

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We we are doing anything with one are more values is called an operation or task. To perform any operation we required minimum one symbol and one Variable or Value. The symbol is called an Operator and the Variable or Value is called an Operand.In this tutorial we will learn more about Operators and Operands in Excel VBA.

• » The Assignment Operator
• » The Line Continuation and Other Operator
• » Arithmetic Operation
• » Logical Operators

Operators and Operands in Excel VBA – The Assignment Operator:

If it is a numeric variable the computer will initiate 0 by default, if it is a string it will initiate an empty space. You can initiate your own value to variable by using assignment operator ‘ = ‘

The Line Continuation Operator: _

You can use space + underscore to split a single statement into more than one line

The Double Quotes: “”

You can use “” to delimit a group of characters and symbols.

The Colon Operator: :

You can use : to put the two statements in a sing line.

String Concatenation: &

It is used to concatenate tow strings.

Carriage Return-Line Feed: vbCrLf

It will create new line. If you want to display a message to the user in two line instead of on single line, you can use this.

Operators and Operands in Excel VBA – Arithmetic Operators

Operators and operands in excel vba – logical operators.

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Hi, Really appreciate your hard work. Found a tiny typo. MagBox intRank

Thanks. Changwon.

Hi Changwon, Thanks for finding a type, corrected now!

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Hi dears, I appreciate you. Its a good job. Thanks for your great work. I am an accountant. I want to learn excel VBA as a beginner. how can I be a good programmer ? Thank you in advance!!!

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VBA Operator Basic Excel Formulas Tutorial

VBA provides many operators, which can be used to implement complex operations. Today, the author will share the basic operators and operations provided by VBA, and their basic usage.

VBA operators can be divided into the following 6 categories:

• Assignment operator

Arithmetic Operator

• Comparison operator

Logical Operators

• Concatenation operator
• Other operators

Assignment Operator

The first is the most basic, the assignment operator (= ). In the VBA variable article, the core of the assignment syntax is = (equal sign), the variable is on the left, and the data is on the right. It can be understood that the variable is equal to the assigned data.

Arithmetic operators are commonly used mathematical operators, including addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. The complete arithmetic operators in VBA are as follows.

Assuming a = 10, b = 3, -> means the result.

Comparison Operator

Comparison operator, this operator will compare the two variables provided, if the comparison conditions are met, it returns True, otherwise, it returns False.

Logical operators perform logical operations on logical values, namely True and False, and return the result of the operation, which is also a logical value.

Assuming a = True, b = False, -> means the result.

Concatenation Operator

The concatenation operator in VBA is used to concatenate two or more texts. Its usage is the same as the & symbol in Excel formulas.

Other Operators

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\= Operator

• 12 contributors

Divides the value of a variable or property by the value of an expression and assigns the integer result to the variable or property.

variableorproperty Required. Any numeric variable or property.

expression Required. Any numeric expression.

The element on the left side of the \= operator can be a simple scalar variable, a property, or an element of an array. The variable or property cannot be ReadOnly .

The \= operator divides the value of a variable or property on its left by the value on its right, and assigns the integer result to the variable or property on its left

For further information on integer division, see \ Operator (Visual Basic) .

Overloading

The \ operator can be overloaded , which means that a class or structure can redefine its behavior when an operand has the type of that class or structure. Overloading the \ operator affects the behavior of the \= operator. If your code uses \= on a class or structure that overloads \ , be sure you understand its redefined behavior. For more information, see Operator Procedures .

The following example uses the \= operator to divide one Integer variable by a second and assign the integer result to the first variable.

• \ Operator (Visual Basic)
• /= Operator (Visual Basic)
• Assignment Operators
• Arithmetic Operators
• Operator Precedence in Visual Basic
• Operators Listed by Functionality

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